Table of Contents Publisher’s Note...... ix Editor’s Introduction...... xi Contributors...... xv

Volume 1

Africa and the African Diaspora 1

Peace of Vereeniging . 3 Marcus Garvey on “Back to Africa”. 12 W. E. B. Du Bois: An Open Letter to Warren G. Harding . 17 Aimé Césaire—from “Notebook of a Return to the Native Land”...... 21 Notices from the Fifth Pan-African Congress...... 25

Asian Affairs 33

Henry Cabot Lodge: Speech on the Retention of the Philippine Islands. 35 “Subjugation of the Philippines Iniquitous” ...... 42 Boxer Protocol...... 48 Sun Yat-sen: “The Three Stages of Revolution”. 57 The Treaty of Portsmouth ...... 62 Japan’s 21 Demands and China’s Reply ...... 70 The Problem of Japan—A Japanese View ...... 78 Henry Stimson to Senator Borah Regarding the Nine-Power Treaty...... 83 Korean Declaration of Independence ...... 91 Mohandas Gandhi: Statement at Trial...... 97 Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speech on the Occasion of Indian Independence...... 105

Euroamerican and World Affairs 111

Entente Cordiale . 114 Anglo-Russian Entente . 120 Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic...... 124 Report on Armenian Genocide . 131 Vladimir Lenin—On the Tasks of the Soviet Government . 137 U.S. Participation in the Archangel Expedition in Russia ...... 142

v Fourteen Points. 148 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk...... 155 Treaty of Versailles...... 161 Covenant of the League of Nations ...... 174 Locarno Pact...... 184 The Kellogg-Briand Pact...... 189 On the Multilateral (Kellogg-Briand) Pact...... 194 John Maynard Keynes: An Open Letter to President Roosevelt...... 200 Anti-Comintern Pact...... 207 Munich Agreement. 211 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. 216 Tripartite Pact ...... 222 Bretton Woods Agreements. 226 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 235 ¡No Pasarán! (“They Shall Not Pass!”)...... 244 Volume 2

Latin American Affairs 249

Platt Amendment. 251 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty...... 256 Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine . 265 Act of Chapultepec. 271 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance...... 276 Pact of Bogota...... 284 The “Díaz System” in Mexico. 298 Plan de San Luis de Potosi . 310 Plan of Ayala...... 315 Henry Cabot Lodge: Speech on Mexico...... 322 U.S.–Mexico Tensions...... 328 The Zimmerman Telegram...... 333 On Intervention in Nicaragua...... 338

The Middle East 345

Proclamation of the Young Turks . 347 Hussein-McMahon Correspondence. 352

vi Sykes-Picot Agreement . 367 Charter of the Arab League ...... 373 Balfour Declaration. 382 Palestine Mandate...... 386 White Paper of 1939...... 395 Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel ...... 407

Women in the World 413

Emma Goldman: “Marriage and Love” . 416 Emmeline Pankhurst: “Freedom or Death”. 422 “Women’s Suffrage in a Democratic Republic” . 429 Margaret Sanger: “The Prevention of Conception” . 438 Simone de Beauvoir: Introduction to The Second Sex. 444

Technology, Medicine, and the Environment 457

The Wright Brothers’ First Powered Flight . 460 “Lindbergh’s Paris Trip Makes Him World Hero”. 465 The First Gas Attack...... 471 The Effects of Shell Shock . 476 An Army Physician on the 1918 Flu Pandemic. 481 Stuart Chase: Waste in the Machine Age ...... 486 Aldo Leopold: “Death of a Species” ...... 489 Atomic Explosion in the USSR. 494 International Control of Atomic Energy...... 497

Appendixes 507

Chronological List ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 509 Web Resources ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 511 Bibliography ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 512 Index ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������521

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