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THE GERMAN- JAPANESE AGREEMENT AGAINST the COMMUNIST Internationall the Govemment Ofthegerman Reich and the Imperial Japanese Go

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THE GERMAN- JAPANESE AGREEMENT AGAINST the COMMUNIST Internationall the Govemment Ofthegerman Reich and the Imperial Japanese Go APPENDIX THE GERMAN- JAPANESE AGREEMENT AGAINST THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONALl I The Govemment oftheGerman Reich and the Imperial Japanese Govem­ ment, recognizing that the aim of the Communist International, known as the Comintern, is to disintegrate and subdue existing States by all means at its command; convinced that the toleration of interference by the Communist International in the internal affairs of the nationsnot only endangers their internal peace and social well being, but is also a menace to the peace of the world; desirous of cooperating in the defence against Communist subversion; have agreed as follows Article 1 The High Contracting States agree to inform one another of the activities of the Communist International, to consult with one another on the necessary preventive measures and to carry these through in close collaboration. Article 2 The High Contracting Parties will jointly invite third States whose intemal peace is threatened by the subversive activities of the Communist:Intemation­ al to adopt defensive measures in the spirit of this agreement or to take part in the present agreement. Article 3 The German as well as the J apanese text of the present agreement is to be deemed the original text. lt comes into force on the day of signature and shall remain in force for a period of five years. Before the expiry of this period the High Contracting Parties will come to an understanding over the further methods of their cooperation. In witness whereof, etc. Berlin, November 25, 1936. von Ribbentrop Mushakoji II (Supplementary Protocol) On the occasion of the signing today of the agreement against the Communist International, the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have agreed as follows: a) The competent authorities of the two High Contracting States will work in close collaboration in matters concerning the exchange of information over the activities of the Communist International as well as investigatory and defensive measures against the Communist International. 1 Documents on International Affairs, 1936 (Landen: Oxford University Press, 1937), pp. 297-299. 328 APPENDIX b) The competent authorities of the two High Contrading States will within the framework of the existing laws take severe measures against those who at home or abroad are engaged directly or indirectly in the service of the Communist International or promote its subversive activities. c) In order to facilitate the cooperation of the competent authorities provided for in paragraph (a) a permanent committee will be set up. In this committee the further defensive measures necessary for the struggle against the subversive adivities of the Communist International will be considered and discussed. v. R. M. III TEXT OF THE SECRET ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE GERMAN- JAPANESE AGREEMENT! The Government of the German Reich and the Imperial J apanese Govern­ ment, recognizing that the Government of the U.S.S.R. is working toward a realization of the aims of the Communist International and intends to employ its army for this purpose; convinced that this fact threatens not only the existence of the High Contrading States, but endangers world peace most seriously; in order to safeguard their common interests have agreed as follows: Article l Should one of the High Contrading States become the object of an unprovok­ ed attack or threat of attack by the U.S.S.R., the other High Contrading State obligates itself to take no measures which would tend to ease the situation of the U.S.S.R. Should the case described in paragraph 1 occur, the High Contrading States will immediately consult on what measures to take to safeguard their common interests. Article 2 For the duration of the present agreement the High Contrading States will conclude no political treaties with the U.S.S.R. contrary to the spirit of this agreement without mutual consent. Article 3 The German as well as the J apanese text of the present agreement is to be deemed the original text. The agreement comes into force simultaneously with the agreement against the Communist International signed today and will remain in force for the same period. In witness whereof, etc. Berlin, November 25, 1936. von Ribbentrop Mushakoji 1 Documents on International Affairs, 1939-1946, Vol. I March-September, 1939 (Londen: Oxford University Press, 1951), pp. 4-5. APPENDIX THE THREE- POWER PACT BETWEEN GERMANY, ITALY AND JAPAN! The Governments of Germany, Italy and Japan consider it the prerequisite ot a lasting peace that every nation in the world shall receive the space to which it is entitled. They have, therefore, decided to stand by and co­ operate with one another in their efforts in Greater East Asia and the regions of Europe respectively. In doing this it is their prime purpose to establish and maintain a new order of things, calculated to promote the mutual prosperity and welfare of the peoples concerned. It is, furthermore, the desire of the three Governments to extend Co­ operation to nations in other spheres of the world who are inclined to direct their efforts along lines similar to their own for the purpose of realizing their ultimate object, world peace. Accordingly, the Governments of Germany, Italy and Japan have agreed as follows: Article 1 Japan recognizes and respects the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe. Article 2 Germany and Italy recognize and respect the leadership of Japan in the establishment of a new order in Greater East Asia. Article 3 Germany, Italy and Japan agree to co-operate in their efforts on aforesaid lines. They further undertake to assist one another with all political, economic and military means if one of the three Contracting Powers is attacked by a Power at present not involved in the European War or in the Chinese­ ] apanese conflict. Article 4 With the view to implementing the present pact, joint technical commissions, tobe appointed by the respective Governments of Germany, Italy and Japan, will meet without delay. Article 5 Germany, Italy and Japan affirm that the above agreement affects in no 1 Documents on American Foreign Relations, 1940-1941 {Boston: World Peace Foundation, 1941), pp. 304-305. 330 APPENDIX way the political status existing at present between each of the three Con­ tracting Parties and Soviet Russia. Article 6 The present pact shall become valid immediately upon signature and shall remain in force ten years from the date on which it becomes effective. In due time, before the expiration of the said term, the High Contracting Parties shall, at the request of any of them enter into negotiations for its renewal. In recognition thereof, etc. Berlin, the 27th day of September, 1940. Ribbentrop Ciano Kurusu BIBLIOGRAPHY DOCUMENTS a. unpublished Archives of the Deutsch-japanische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1927-1945. These unpublished records are available at the Departmental Records Brauch, Defense Department, in Alexandria, Virginia. The papers consist mostly of unimportant correspondance, advertisements of German pro­ ducts which might interest the J apanese, and orders for German military equipment by the J apanese military attache. Since those orders were mainly made after 1941, it is hard to say how much the Germans actually delivered. Auswärtiges Amt. Vertrags- Verzeichnis seit I920. Berlin: 1941. A mimeographed list of German treaties with foreign countries. Available at the Library of Congress. International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Analysis of Documentary Evidence. The Prosecution used in presenting its case the analysis of thousands of documents without introducing them in their entirety. The last part of this collection, approximately a hundred, is made up exclusively of German documents. International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Documents presented in Evidence. This unpublished collection of documents introduced at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial proved to be the most valuable single source for this study. Over 4,000 documents were examined in this group. International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Interrogation of ]apanese Prisoners. In this bundle of typewritten papers the interrogation of General Ott, former German Ambassador in Tokyo, proved especially fruitful. Over two hundred pages relating to him alone are to be found in this collection at the Harvard Law Library. b. published Auswärtiges Amt. Aussenpolitische Dokumente, I937, heft 1. Berlin: der Reichsdruckerei, 1937. Collected speeches of German and other government leaders. Auswärtiges Amt. Obersicht über die Handelspolitische Lage Deutschlands ende I932. Berlin: 1933. A short economic report with a list of various economic treaties, among them the one concluded with Japan in 1927. Baynes, Norman H. The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, I923-I939· London: Oxford University Press, 1942. 2 vols. Undoubtedly the best collection in English of the Führer's pronounce­ ments. Their worth is, however, diminished by the fact that some speeches 332 BIBLIOGRAPHY are cut up in various sections to suit the topical organization of the book. Furthermore, the year 1939 was not a logical finishing point for this collection. Ciano's Diplomatie Papers, edited by M. Muggeridge. London: Odhams Press Ltd., 1948. These are the many conversations of Ciano with foreign statesmen which were faithfully recorded in his memoranda. Although a historical source of great value, the records should not be taken as always completely truthful. Documents an American Foreign Relations, I939 -. Boston: World Peace Founda tion, 1940 -. A series of documents, speeches, and announcements conceived on a very broad basis and by no means restricted to America alone. Documents an British Foreign Policy, rgrg-I939· London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1949-1957. Volumes eight and nine of the third series cover the Far East for the years 1938 and 1939. On the whole, this is a disappointing collection. Documents an German Foreign Policy, rgr8-I945· Washington: U.S. Govem­ ment Printing Office, 1949-195 7. So far eleven volumes have appeared of a much !arger collection.
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