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Developments of the Lateral in Occitan Dialects and Their Romance and Cross-Linguistic Context Daniela Müller
Developments of the lateral in occitan dialects and their romance and cross-linguistic context Daniela Müller To cite this version: Daniela Müller. Developments of the lateral in occitan dialects and their romance and cross- linguistic context. Linguistics. Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. English. NNT : 2011TOU20122. tel-00674530 HAL Id: tel-00674530 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674530 Submitted on 27 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. en vue de l’obtention du DOCTORATDEL’UNIVERSITÉDETOULOUSE délivré par l’université de toulouse 2 - le mirail discipline: sciences du langage zur erlangung der doktorwürde DERNEUPHILOLOGISCHENFAKULTÄT DERRUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITÄTHEIDELBERG présentée et soutenue par vorgelegt von DANIELAMÜLLER DEVELOPMENTS OF THE LATERAL IN OCCITAN DIALECTS ANDTHEIRROMANCEANDCROSS-LINGUISTICCONTEXT JURY Jonathan Harrington (Professor, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) Francesc Xavier Lamuela (Catedràtic, Universitat de Girona) Jean-Léonard Léonard (Maître de conférences HDR, Paris -
The Wili Benchmark Dataset for Written Natural Language Identification
1 The WiLI benchmark dataset for written II. WRITTEN LANGUAGE BASICS language identification A language is a system of communication. This could be spoken language, written language or sign language. A spoken language Martin Thoma can have several forms of written language. For example, the E-Mail: [email protected] spoken Chinese language has at least three writing systems: Traditional Chinese characters, Simplified Chinese characters and Pinyin — the official romanization system for Standard Chinese. Abstract—This paper describes the WiLI-2018 benchmark dataset for monolingual written natural language identification. Languages evolve. New words like googling, television and WiLI-2018 is a publicly available,1 free of charge dataset of Internet get added, but written languages are also refactored. short text extracts from Wikipedia. It contains 1000 paragraphs For example, the German orthography reform of 1996 aimed at of 235 languages, totaling in 235 000 paragraphs. WiLI is a classification dataset: Given an unknown paragraph written in making the written language simpler. This means any system one dominant language, it has to be decided which language it which recognizes language and any benchmark needs to be is. adapted over time. Hence WiLI is versioned by year. Languages do not necessarily have only one name. According to Wikipedia, the Sranan language is also known as Sranan Tongo, Sranantongo, Surinaams, Surinamese, Surinamese Creole and I. INTRODUCTION Taki Taki. This makes ISO 369-3 valuable, but not all languages are represented in ISO 369-3. As ISO 369-3 uses combinations The identification of written natural language is a task which of 3 Latin letters and has 547 reserved combinations, it can appears often in web applications. -
Book of Abstracts
Book of Abstracts 3rd conference on Contested Languages in the Old World (CLOW3) University of Amsterdam, 3–4 May 2018 CLOW3 Scientific Committee: Federico CLOW3 has received financial support from Gobbo (University of Amsterdam); Marco the research programme ‘Mobility and Tamburelli (Bangor University); Mauro Tosco Inclusion in Multilingual Europe’ (MIME, EC (University of Turin). FP7 grant no. 613334). CLOW3 Local Organizing Committee: Federico Gobbo; Sune Gregersen; Leya Egilmez; Franka Bauwens; Wendy Bliekendaal; Nour Efrat-Kowalsky; Nadine van der Maas; Leanne Staugaard; Emmanouela Tsoumeni; Samuel Witteveen Gómez. Additional support has been provided by John Benjamins Publishing Company. CLOW3 Book of Abstracts edited by Sune Gregersen. Abstracts © The Author(s) 2018. 2 Table of contents Paper presentations Ulrich Ammon (keynote) 4 Andrea Acquarone & Vittorio Dell’Aquila 5 Astrid Adler, Andrea Kleene & Albrecht Plewnia 6 Márton András Baló 7 Guillem Belmar, Nienke Eikens, Daniël de Jong, Willemijn Miedma & Sara Pinho 8 Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska & Cordula Ratajczak 9 Guilherme Fians 10 Sabine Fiedler 11 Federico Gobbo 12 Nanna Haug Hilton 13 Gabriele Iannàccaro & Vittorio Dell’Aquila 14 G. T. Jensma 15 Juan Jiménez-Salcedo 16 Aurelie Joubert 17 Petteri Laihonen 18 Patrick Seán McCrea 19 Leena Niiranen 20 Yair Sapir 21 Claudia Soria 22 Ida Stria 23 Marco Tamburelli & Mauro Tosco 24 Poster presentations Eva J. Daussà, Tilman Lanz & Renée Pera-Ros 25 Vittorio Dell’Aquila, Ida Stria & Marina Pietrocola 26 Sabine Fiedler & Cyril Brosch 27 Daniel Gordo 28 Olga Steriopolo & Olivia Maky 29 References 30 Index of languages 34 3 Keynote: From dialects and languages to contested languages Ulrich Ammon (University of Duisburg-Essen) The presentation begins with the explication of concepts which are fundamental and which have to be defined with sufficient clarity for the following thoughts, because terminology and concepts vary widely in the relevant literature. -
European Charter for Regional Or Minority Languages
Table of contents FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... 2 ABOUT THE CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES ................................................................................. 3 PART A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 4 1. Language diversity ..................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Why is it important to promote language diversity? ....................................................... 5 1.2. What can be done in the education system?................................................................... 6 2. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ....................................... 6 2.1. What is the Charter? ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2. What are minority languages according to the Charter? ................................................. 7 2.3. Why do we need the Charter? ......................................................................................... 8 2.4. How does the Charter work? ........................................................................................... 8 PART B. CASE STUDIES: SWITZERLAND, SPAIN AND POLAND ........................................... 10 3. Switzerland .............................................................................................................. 10 -
Galician Sociolinguistics
A BRIEF OUTLINE OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF THE GALICIAN LANGUAGE XAVIER FRÍAS CONDE Universidad Complutense de Madrid 1. THE GALICIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS SPEAKERS1 Galician is a minority language spoken in the West of Spain belonging to the Romance languages family. It is spoken in Galicia and also in the neighbouring areas of the Spanish provinces of Asturias, León and Zamora. Far away from this area, there are three villages in Extremadura region in west Spain, next to the Portuguese border and just under the border with the province of Salamanca (this is the so-called Xálima region2). Therefore Galician is theoretically the language of about 3 million inhabitants, of which more than 95% live in Galicia. Important minorities of Galician immigrants live out of Galicia, so that Galician is still spoken in certain big cities such as Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Madrid (Spain). It is difficult to know exactly how many speakers Galician has. Despite the various interviews performed, it is almost impossible to work out the exact number of its speakers. According to the last Atlas of the ILG (1996), it is easy to see how the evolution in the use of the language has developed all over the last years. As for the use of Galician, it can roughly been shown like this: Table 1 Speakers born up to the 50: 95% Speakers born in the 60's 50% Speakers born in the 70's 30% Speakers born in the 80's 10% 1 I want to thank Cristina Blanco for her valuable comments and help, which have been incorporated in to this work. -
Multilingualism, Lingua Franca and Translation in the Early Modern Period
R “A host of tongues…” Multilingualism, Lingua Franca and Translation in the Early Modern Period Book of Abstracts ”: NOVA FCSH, Lisbon 13th – 15th December 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS A host of tongues… A “ R CEL — CENTRO DE ESTUDOS EM LETRAS CETAPS — CENTRE FOR ENGLISH, TRANSLATION, AND ANGLO-PORTUGUESE STUDIES CHAM — CENTRO DE HUMANIDADES 2018 VILA REAL / LISBOA — M M XVIII “A host of tongues…” Multilingualism, Lingua Franca and Translation in the Early Modern Period “A host of tongues…” Multilingualism, Lingua Franca and Translation in the Early Modern Period NOVA FCSH, Lisbon 13th — 15th December 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS CEL — Centro de Estudos em Letras CETAPS — Centre for English, Translation, and Anglo-Portuguese Studies CHAM — Centro de Humanidades VILA REAL / LISBOA • MMXVIII EDITORS / ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Karen Bennett (NOVA FCSH, CETAPS), Angelo Cattaneo (NOVA FCSH, CHAM), Gonçalo Fernandes (UTAD, CEL), Rogério Miguel Puga (NOVA FCSH, CETAPS), João Luís Lisboa (NOVA FCSH, CHAM), Marco Neves (NOVA FCSH, CETAPS) ACADEMIC ADVISORY BOARD Angelo Bianchi (Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan), Angelo Cattaneo (NOVA FCSH), Carlos Assunção (UTAD), Cristina Altman (U. São Paulo), Dirk Delabastita (U. Namur), Dulce Pereira (U. Lisbon), Fernando Gomes (U. Évora), Gonçalo Fernandes (UTAD), João Luís Lisboa (NOVA FCSH), John Milton (U. São Paulo), Jorge Flores (European University Institute), Karen Bennett (NOVA FCSH), Maria do Céu Fonseca (U. Évora), Mona Baker (U. Manchester), Nicholas Ostler (Foundation for Endangered Languages), Nicola McLelland (U. Nottingham), Paolo de Troia (La Sapienza U. of Rome), Pedro Cardim (NOVA FCSH), Pierre Swiggers (KU. Leuven), Rogério Miguel Puga (NOVA FCSH), Rui Carvalho Homem (U. Porto), Suresh Canagarajah (Pennsylvania State University) ISBN: 978-989-704-339-0 e-ISBN: 978-989-704-340-6 Legal Deposit: 448854/18 Date: November 2018 PRINTER Edições Húmus, Lda Rua Paradas 139 Vilarinho das Cambas Apartado 7097, 4764-908 Ribeirão V. -
Book of Abstracts Sponsors
sociolinguistics symposium micro and macro connections 3+4+5 April 2008 Amsterdam – Papers – Posters – Themed panels and Workshops Book of Abstracts Sponsors www.meertens.knaw.nl/ss17 ABSTRACTS Sociolinguistics Symposium 17 Amsterdam 3-5 April 2008 3 SS17: MICRO AND MACRO CONNECTION S The 17th edition of 'The Sociolinguistic Symposium', Europe's leading international conference on language in society, will be held in Amsterdam from 3-5 April 2008. The chairing Institute is The Meertens Institute (Department of Language Variation). The theme of this conference is Micro and Macro Connections. The conference will be held at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU). Sociolinguistics is about the relationship between language and society. By proposing Micro and Macro connec- tions as the conference's theme, we want to invite researchers who generate insights into the interplay between language and society by examining the ways social structure is oriented to and affected by verbal practices. Language does not just reflect social facts. The connections between language and social organization are multi- layered, dynamic and reflexive and they are accomplished at many different levels of language use. When people use language, they are actors engaging in some interactional project that defines the ground for the ways param- eters such as identity, community and culture are shaped. Therefore, we have welcomed in particular proposals that explore the ways verbal practices display and contribute to social organization. About the Sociolinguistics Symposia The Sociolinguistics Symposia are organized bi-annually since the 1970s by a group of sociolinguists who rec- ognized the need for a forum for discussing research findings and for debating theoretical and methodological issues concerning language in society. -
Language Distinctiveness*
RAI – data on language distinctiveness RAI data Language distinctiveness* Country profiles *This document provides data production information for the RAI-Rokkan dataset. Last edited on October 7, 2020 Compiled by Gary Marks with research assistance by Noah Dasanaike Citation: Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks (2016). Community, Scale and Regional Governance: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Vol. II. Oxford: OUP. Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Sandra Chapman-Osterkatz (2021). “Language difference and Regional Authority.” Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 31. DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2020.1831476 Introduction ....................................................................................................................6 Albania ............................................................................................................................7 Argentina ...................................................................................................................... 10 Australia ....................................................................................................................... 12 Austria .......................................................................................................................... 14 Bahamas ....................................................................................................................... 16 Bangladesh .................................................................................................................. -
EUROPEAN CHARTER for REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Prems 132319 Prems
EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Prems 132319 Prems ENG Claudine Brohy, Classroom activities Vicent Climent-Ferrando, Aleksandra Oszmiańska-Pagett and Fernando Ramallo EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Classroom activities Council of Europe The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of this document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or [email protected]). All other correspondence concerning this document should be addressed to the Directorate General of Democracy. Cover design and layout: Documents and Publications Production The authors: Department (SPDP), Council of Europe Claudine Brohy, Cover photo: ECRML Vicent Climent-Ferrando, © Council of Europe, May 2019 Aleksandra Oszmiańska-Pagett and Printed at the Council of Europe Fernando Ramallo Contents FOREWORD 5 ABOUT THE CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 7 PART A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 9 1. Language diversity 9 2. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 12 PART B. CASE STUDIES: SWITZERLAND, SPAIN AND POLAND 17 3. Switzerland 17 4. Spain 23 5. Poland 29 PART C. TEACHING ACTIVITIES 35 GLOSSARY 54 FURTHER READING 57 ► Page 3 Foreword s Chair of the Council of Europe Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, I have great pleasure in A presenting this publication, which has been prepared to mark the 20th anniversary of entry into force of the Charter in 1998. The Charter is the only legally binding international convention exclusively dedicated to the protection and promotion of regional and minority languages. -
4 Fieldwork and Building Corpora for Endangered Varieties
Lori Repetti 4 Fieldwork and building corpora for endangered varieties Abstract: Loss of linguistic diversity is viewed by many as one of the great ecological disasters of the twenty-first century, and the Romance language family has not been spared. This chapter deals with unique challenges to the study and documentation of endangered Romance languages. We consider the question of language vs dialect, and the added problems faced by endangered varieties deemed “dialects”. The role played by the highly prestigious and structurally related national languages of the countries in which the endangered varieties are spoken is analysed within the fieldwork context, as speakers may possess a spectrum of linguistic abilities, from the national standard to an archaic local variety. Fieldwork methods and language documentation/description are discussed, along with the types of resources produced and their accessibility. Keywords: endangered Romance languages, “language” vs “dialect”, fieldwork, doc- umentation, revitalization 1 Introduction While linguistic diversity is diminishing across the globe, the situation is especially critical in Europe where education levels are high, and knowledge of the standardized languages is widespread. According to information retrieved from Ethnologue’s list of endangered languages and UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, dozens of endangered Romance languages are found throughout Europe, but also in North and South America, Africa, and Asia.1 The study of these endangered languages and the accessibility of data from them are particularly important and urgent. Unlike artifacts, language cannot be preserved in its natural form once there are no native speakers. It can only be preserved in written form and, more recently, in audio recordings. -
Developing Self-Awareness of a Minority Dialect/Language John M
Developing self-awareness of a minority dialect/language John M. Lipski The Pennsylvania State University Introduction The main theme of this presentation, that speakers of traditionally marginalized minority speech communities may be unaware of the true nature of their language, first struck me head-on not in one of the remote redoubts of Latin America or Africa where my fieldwork has taken me, but in a culturally advanced corner of the European Union: Spain. Since my interest in Ibero- Romance goes beyond Spanish, I had studied Portuguese- and Galician-speaking communities, had spent time among Catalan speakers, and had eventually managed to observe Asturian bable spoken in its native habitat. One Ibero-Romance language still escaped me, namely Aragonese, which figures prominently in treatises on Spanish dialectology and Romance philology, but which according to much scholarship that came my way, was a rapidly receding language now confined to rural areas of the Upper Pyrenees, in the province of Huesca. Having been invited to lecture at the University of Zaragoza, I made contact with scholars of Aragonese, was taken to Huesca, and finally met up with a number of elderly native speakers of Aragonese, some nearly monolingual. My long-standing desire was quickly and amply satisfied, since these individuals generously plied me with many hours of spontaneously spoken Aragonese, including several regional variants. This speech was grammatically as far removed from canonical Spanish as Catalan or Portuguese, in terms of verb conjugations, subject and object pronouns, prepositions, word order, and core vocabulary. Like all Ibero-Romance languages spoken in Spain, Aragonese can be understood by a speaker of Spanish (especially one trained in Romance philology) after a little practice. -
A PDF Combined with Pdfmergex
!FOUNDATION!FOR!ENDANGERED!LANGUAGES! ! ! ! OGMIOS ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Joshua'A.'Fishman'1926'–'2015'–'see'obituary'in'this'issue! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! OGMIOS!Newsletter!56:!—!30!April!2015! ISSN!1471B0382!!!!!!EDitor:!Christopher!Moseley! ! ! Published*by:* Foundation!for!Endangered!Languages,! 172!Bailbrook!Lane,!! Bath!BA1!7AA,!England! ! ! ! ! OGMIOS!Newsletter!56! !30!April!!2015* ! ! Editor:!Christopher!Moseley! Assistant!Editor:!!!! !!!!!!Adriano!Truscott!! Contact*the*Editor*at:* Contributing!Editors:!!!!!!!!Serena!D’Agostino,!Nicholas!Ostler! 89!Westdene!Crescent,! Published*from:* Caversham!Heights,! Batheaston!Villa,!! Reading!RG4!7HD,!England! 172!Bailbrook!Lane,!Bath!BA1!7AA,!England! chrmos50!at!gmail.com! nicholas!at!ostler.net* Table!of!Contents! 1.! Editorial! 3! 4.! Language!Technology! 13! 2.! Development!of!the!Foundation! 3! Open!letter!to!the!European!Community!..............!13! 2015!FEL!Conference:!Theme!–!The!Music!of! 5.! Obituaries! 13! Endangered!Languages!....................................................!3! Joshua!A.!Fishman!(1926P2015)!...............................!13! FEL!Canada!announcement!...........................................!4! 6.! Publications,!Book!Reviews! 14! FEL!2015!grants!announced!..........................................!5! The!Linguistic!Atlas!of!French!Polynesia!..............!14! Meet!a!Community!Member:!the!Livonians!of!