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Îáçîð Âèäîâ Ñåìåéñòâà Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera) a Review of Species Of

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Îáçîð Âèäîâ Ñåìåéñòâà Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera) a Review of Species Of Åâðàçèàòñêèé ýíòîìîë. æóðíàë 3(3): 179183 © EUROASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2004 Îáçîð âèäîâ ñåìåéñòâà Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera) A review of species of the family Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera) À.À. Ãóñàêîâ A.A. Gusakov Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé ìóçåé Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, óë. Áîëüøàÿ Íèêèòñêàÿ 6, Ìîñêâà 125009 Ðîññèÿ. Zoological Museum of the Moscow Lomonosov State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya str. 6, Moscow 125009 Russia. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Coleoptera, Sphaeritidae, Sphaerites, îïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ òàáëèöà, íîâûé âèä. Key words: Coleoptera, Sphaeritidae, Sphaerites, key to species, new species. Ðåçþìå. Ïðåäñòàâëåí îáçîð 6 âèäîâ ñåìåéñòâà Äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìåñò õðàíåíèÿ èçó÷åííîãî ìà- Sphaeritidae. Èç Êèòàÿ (ïðîâèíöèÿ Ñû÷óàíü) îïèñàí òåðèàëà èñïîëüçîâàíû ñëåäóþùèå ñîêðàùåíèÿ: ÇÌ ñâîåîáðàçíûé íåëåòàþùèé Sphaerites involatilis sp.n., ÌÃÓ êîëëåêöèÿ Çîîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìóçåÿ ÌÃÓ îòëè÷àþùèéñÿ îò âíåøíå ïîõîæåãî S. glabratus (Ìîñêâà); ÌÏÓ êîëëåêöèÿ Ìîñêîâñêîãî ãîñó- (Fabricius, 1792) óêîðî÷åííûìè, íåïðèãîäíûìè äëÿ äàðñòâåííîãî ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà (Ìîñê- ïîë¸òà êðûëüÿìè, íå÷¸òêèìè òî÷å÷íûìè ðÿäàìè âà); ÀÊ ÷àñòíàÿ êîëëåêöèÿ À.À. Êëèìåíêî (Òâåðü). íàäêðûëèé, î÷åíü òîíêîé è ðåäêîé ïóíêòèðîâêîé ïèãèäèÿ, áðþøíûõ ñòåðíèòîâ è ïðîìåæóòêîâ íàä- Sphaerites Duftschmid, 1805 êðûëèé, ñðàâíèòåëüíî óçêèìè è çàìåòíî èñêðèâ- Ðèñ. 110. ë¸ííûìè á¸äðàìè çàäíèõ íîã è ðÿäîì äðóãèõ ïðè- Òèïîâîé âèä: Hister glabratus Fabricius, 1792 (ïî ìîíîòèïèè). çíàêîâ. Äàíû ñîïðîâîæäàåìûå ðèñóíêàìè îïèñàíèÿ Òåëî (ðèñ. 15) íåáîëüøîå, áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþ áëåñòÿ- ðîäà è âñåõ âèäîâ. Ñîñòàâëåíà îïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ òàá- ùåå, ñ áîëåå (ðèñ. 14) èëè ìåíåå (ðèñ. 5) îêðóãë¸ííûìè ëèöà âèäîâ. áîêàìè, ñâåðõó óìåðåííî âûïóêëîå. Îñíîâíàÿ îêðàñêà ÷¸ðíàÿ; ìåñòàìè (øïîðû, êîãîòêè, æãóòèê óñèêà) êóòè- Abstract. Six species of the family Sphaeritidae are êóëà ïðîñâå÷èâàåò, êðàñíî-áóðàÿ. Ãîëîâà ñðàâíèòåëüíî reviewed, of which one, Sphaerites involatilis sp.n. íåáîëüøàÿ, ïðèìåðíî â 2,3 ðàçà óæå ïåðåäíåñïèíêè. Íà- from Sichuan province of China, is newly described. A ëè÷íèê îòäåë¸í îò ëáà U-îáðàçíûì, ñëàáî âûðàæåííûì new species differs from the similar one, S. glabratus øâîì. Ïîâåðõíîñòü ëáà è íàëè÷íèêà ïîêðûòà áîëåå èëè (Fabricius, 1792), by strongly reduced wings, indis- ìåíåå ãðóáîé è ãóñòîé, õîðîøî îáîñîáëåííîé ïóíêòè- ðîâêîé. Âåðõíÿÿ ãóáà ñèëüíî ïîïåðå÷íàÿ, ñ äâóìÿ ùå- tinct elytral rows of punctures, very fine and sparse òèíêàìè ó ïåðåäíèõ óãëîâ. Ëåâàÿ ìàíäèáóëà íåìíîãî punctulation of pygidium, abdominal sternites, and in- äëèííåå ïðàâîé. Ñòðîåíèå íèæíåé ãóáû ðàçëè÷íî ó ðàç- terrow spaces of elytra, and by relatively narrow and íûõ ïîëîâ: ïîäáîðîäîê ñàìöà áîëüøå, ñ ãëàäêîé, ñèëüíî conspicuously curved femora of hind legs. The genus âîãíóòîé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ, ó ñàìêè ìåíüøå, ñëàáî âû- Sphaerites Duftschmid, 1805 with all attributed species ïóêëûé. Ãëàçà äîâîëüíî áîëüøèå, âûïóêëûå. Óñèêè 11- are described and figured. A key to species is provided. ÷ëåíèêîâûå, ñ òð¸õ÷ëåíèêîâîé ïëîòíîé, ìàòîâîé áóëà- âîé. Ïåðåäíåñïèíêà ñèëüíî ïîïåðå÷íàÿ, ñ òóïûìè Ñåìåéñòâî Sphaeritidae ñîâñåì íåáîëüøàÿ ìî- ïåðåäíèìè è ïðÿìûìè (ðåäêî îñòðûìè) çàäíèìè óãëà- ìè; âåðøèíû ïåðåäíèõ óãëîâ âñåãäà, à çàäíèõ ÷àùå âñå- íîòèïè÷åñêàÿ ãðóïïà æóêîâ ãîëàðêòè÷åñêîé ôàó- ãî çàêðóãë¸ííûå; áîêîâûå êðàÿ ñ õîðîøî âûðàæåííîé íû. Åäèíñòâåííûé ðîä Sphaerites Duftschmid, 1805 êàéìîé, çàäíèé êðàé áåç êàéìû. Ïîñëåäíèé â ñðåäíåé îáúåäèíÿåò â ñåáå 5 èçâåñòíûõ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÷àñòè øèðîêî-äóãîâèäíî âûñòóïàþùèé íàçàä. Ïóíêòè- âèäîâ, åù¸ îäèí, Sphaerites involatilis Gusakov, sp.n. ðîâêà ïåðåäíåñïèíêè áîëåå âûðàæåíà íà áîêàõ. Ñòåðíèò îïèñûâàåòñÿ èç Êèòàÿ â íàñòîÿùåé ðàáîòå. Ñàìûé ïåðåäíåãðóäè ãðóáî øàãðåíèðîâàííûé, ìàòîâûé. Ùè- îáû÷íûé âèä Sphaerites glabratus (Fabricius, òîê íåáîëüøîé, îêîëî 1/10 äëèíû íàäêðûëèé, ïîêðûòûé 1792), ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé â ëåñíûõ ðàéîíàõ Åâðî- åäâà çàìåòíûìè òî÷êàìè èëè ñîâåðøåííî ãëàäêèé, çåð- ïû è Àçèè, ïðåäñòàâëåí â êîëëåêöèÿõ ñðàâíèòåëüíî êàëüíî áëåñòÿùèé. Îòðîñòîê ñðåäíåãðóäè, ðàçäåëÿþùèé áîëüøèì ÷èñëîì ýêçåìïëÿðîâ. Ýòîãî íåëüçÿ ñêà- ñðåäíèå òàçèêè, î÷åíü ãðóáî ñêóëüïòóðèðîâàííûé, íå âûäà¸òñÿ âïåð¸ä çà óðîâåíü ñðåäíèõ òàçèêîâ. Íàäêðûëüÿ çàòü î áîëüøèíñòâå äðóãèõ, óíèêàëüíûõ ïî ñâîåé ñ 9 áîëåå èëè ìåíåå âûðàæåííûìè òî÷å÷íûìè ðÿäàìè è ÷èñëåííîñòè, ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿõ ðîäà.  ïåðñïåêòèâå ïëîñêèìè ïðîìåæóòêàìè, íà âåðøèíå ïðÿìî îáðóáëåí- ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âåñüìà âåðîÿòíûì îáíàðóæåíèå â íûå. Ýïèïëåâðû, ïîñòåïåííî ñóæàÿñü, äîõîäÿò äî çàä- ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ Êèòàÿ åù¸ ðÿäà íåëåòàþùèõ âèäîâ íèõ íàðóæíûõ óãëîâ íàäêðûëèé.  âåðøèííîé ïîëîâèíå ýòîãî ðîäà. íàäêðûëèé èìååòñÿ ïðîäîëüíîå æåëîáîâèäíîå âäàâëåíèå, 180 À.À. Ãóñàêîâ îòäåëÿþùåå ýïèïëåâðû îò âíóòðåííåé ïîâåðõíîñòè íàä- ÌÃÓ); ÂËÀÄÈÌÈÐÑÊÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ: 1#, ã. Âëàäèìèð, À. Êà- êðûëèé. Îñòðîå ðåáðî âåðõíåé ãðàíèöû ýïèïëåâð â ïëå- çàíñêèé (êîëëåêöèÿ Í.È. Ôóðñîâà) (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ); ßÐÎÑËÀÂÑ- ÷åâîé îáëàñòè îòäåëÿåò íåáîëüøîé ëîïàñòåâèäíûé ó÷à- ÊÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ: 1$, «Ãàâðèëîâ ßì», 28.V.1944, Á. Áðàíäò (ÇÌ ñòîê, èçíóòðè îòãðàíè÷åííûé òàêæå êèëåâèäíîé ñêëàäêîé ÌÃÓ); ÊÎÑÒÐÎÌÑÊÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ: V.1964, Â. Áóòüåâ (ÌÏÓ); îñíîâàíèÿ íàäêðûëèé. Çàäíåãðóäü õîðîøî ðàçâèòàÿ, â ÃÎÐÍÛÉ ÀËÒÀÉ: 1$, õðåáåò Ñåìèíñêèé, 10 êì âîñòî÷íåå ïîñ. Øåáàëèíî, ñêàëüíèê, îêîëî 1500 ì, 28.VI.1996, À. Ìà- ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè, áëèæå ê çàäíåìó êðàþ ñ íåÿñíûì óãëóá- òàëèí, À. Áðèí¸â (ÌÏÓ); 1#, õðåáåò Êîðãîí (âîñòî÷íûé ëåíèåì è åäâà çàìåòíîé ñðåäíåé ëèíèåé, âäîëü çàäíåé ñêëîí), ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Êóòåðãåí, 10 êì þæíåå ïîñ. Óñòü- ïîâåðõíîñòè ñðåäíèõ òàçèêîâ ñ ðåçêèì êàíòîì, âäîëü Êàí, îêîëî 1500 ì, 16.VI.1998, À. Ìàòàëèí (ÌÏÓ); ÏÐÈ- çàäíåãî êðàÿ ñ òîíêîé, ïðåðûâàþùåéñÿ áîðîçäêîé. Òî÷- ÌÎÐÑÊÈÉ ÊÐÀÉ: 1$, 32 êì þãî-âîñòî÷íåå ã. Óññóðèéñê, êè ïóíêòèðîâêè çàäíåãðóäè íà áîêàõ êðóïíûå è ãðóáûå, ïîñ. Êàìåíóøêà, 27.VI.1982, Í. Íèêèòñêèé (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ); 1#, ñãóùàþùèåñÿ, â ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè ãîðàçäî áîëåå ìåëêèå òàì æå, 18.V.1990, Í. Íèêèòñêèé (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ). è ðåäêèå. Ìåòýïèñòåðíû êðóïíî è ãðóáî ïóíêòèðîâàíû Êðîìå òîãî, ñðåäè êîëëåêöèîííûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ XIX âåêà ÿâñòâåííî îáîñîáëåííûìè òî÷êàìè. Ìåòýïèìåðû ìàëåíü- åñòü îäèí ýêçåìïëÿð (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ), ïðîèñõîäÿùèé èç Ïðèáàë- êèå, ïî÷òè ãëàäêèå. Êðûëüÿ, êàê ïðàâèëî, õîðîøî ðàçâè- òèêè («Liv[onia].») è îäèí ýêçåìïëÿð (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ) áåç ãåîãðàôè- ÷åñêîé ýòèêåòêè èç êîëëåêöèè Õ. Ñòýâåíà. òûå, ìîãóò áûòü çàìåòíî óêîðî÷åííûìè, íåïðèãîäíûìè Îïèñàíèå. Äëèíà 4,86,2 ìì, øèðèíà 2,63,2 ìì. äëÿ ïîë¸òà. Ïåðåäíèå òàçèêè êîíè÷åñêè âûñòóïàþùèå, ׸ðíûé ñ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàçâèòûì áðîíçîâûì áëåñ- ñîïðèêàñàþòñÿ âíóòðåííèìè ïîâåðõíîñòÿìè. Òàçèêîâûå êîì. Òåëî (ðèñ. 12) ñ îêðóãë¸ííûìè áîêàìè. Ëîá è âïàäèíû ñçàäè íåçàìêíóòûå. Ñðåäíèå òàçèêè øèðîêî ðàç- íàëè÷íèê ïóíêòèðîâàíû îäèíàêîâî: ñðàâíèòåëüíî ãðóáî äåëåíû çàäíåé ÷àñòüþ ñðåäíåãðóäè è ïåðåäíèì âûñòó- è ãóñòî. Ïåðåäíåñïèíêà ïëàâíî ñóæàåòñÿ êïåðåäè, òîí- ïîì çàäíåãðóäè. Çàäíèå òàçèêè ñèëüíî ñáëèæåíû, íî íå êàÿ êàéìà å¸ ïåðåäíåãî êðàÿ øèðîêî ïðåðâàíà â ñðåäíåé ñîïðèêàñàþòñÿ. Âñå á¸äðà ñðàâíèòåëüíî ñëàáî ðàñøè- ÷àñòè. Áîðîçäêà áîêîâîãî êðàÿ ïåðåäíåñïèíêè óçêàÿ, íå ðåííûå, èõ ïîâåðõíîñòè óìåðåííî ãóñòî è ãðóáî ïóíêòè- ìåíåå ÷åì â 2 ðàçà óæå áîêîâîãî êàíòà. Ïóíêòèðîâêà ðîâàííûå. Ïåðåäíèå ãîëåíè óçêèå, áåç êðóïíûõ çóáöîâ ïåðåäíåñïèíêè íà äèñêå î÷åíü òîíêàÿ è ðåäêàÿ, ïî÷òè ïî íàðóæíîìó êðàþ, íà âåðøèíå ñ äâóìÿ êðåïêèìè çàã- èñ÷åçàþùàÿ, íà áîêàõ çàìåòíî áîëåå ãóñòàÿ è ãðóáàÿ. íóòûìè íàðóæó øïîðàìè. Øïîðû ñðåäíèõ è çàäíèõ ãî- Ùèòîê åäâà çàìåòíî ïóíêòèðîâàí. Íàäêðûëüÿ ñ 9 õîðî- ëåíåé ïðÿìûå. Äëèíà ëàïîê ïðèìåðíî ðàâíà äëèíå ãîëå- øî ðàçëè÷èìûìè òî÷å÷íûìè ðÿäàìè è îò÷¸òëèâûìè íåé èëè íåìíîãî áîëüøå. Ôîðìóëà ëàïîê: 555. Áðþøêî ïðåäâåðøèííûìè áóãðàìè. Ïðîìåæóòêè íàäêðûëèé ðåä- ñ 6 âèäèìûìè ñòåðíèòàìè. Ïîâåðõíîñòü ñòåðíèòîâ ïðè êî è òîíêî ïóíêòèðîâàííûå, ñ îòäåëüíûìè ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî îñìîòðå ñáîêó âîãíóòàÿ ó îáîèõ ïîëîâ. Ïîâåðõíîñòü 6 òîíêèìè ïîïåðå÷íûìè ìîðùèíêàìè. Ó÷àñòîê ïëå÷åâîé âèäèìîãî ñòåðíèòà îáû÷íî ñðàâíèòåëüíî ãóùå ïóíêòè- îáëàñòè, îòãðàíè÷åííûé âåðõíåé ãðàíèöåé ýïèïëåâðû è ðîâàííàÿ. Ïèãèäèé îêàéìë¸í âäîëü çàäíåãî êðàÿ, òî÷êè êèëåâèäíîé ñêëàäêîé îñíîâàíèÿ íàäêðûëèé, ñðàâíèòåëü- ïóíêòèðîâêè åãî ïîâåðõíîñòè áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ãóñòûå, íî íåáîëüøîé. Ðåáðî âåðõíåé ãðàíèöû ýïèïëåâð ñ íå- íî âñåãäà ÿâñòâåííî îáîñîáëåííûå. Ýäåàãóñ óçêèé è äëèí- áîëüøèìè, ïëîõî çàìåòíûìè çàçóáðèíêàìè. Êðûëüÿ íûé, òðóáêîâèäíûé; ïàðàìåðû, ñðîñøèåñÿ íà áîëüøåì (ðèñ. 6) õîðîøî ðàçâèòûå. Ìåòýïèñòåðíû ïîêðûòû êðóï- ïðîòÿæåíèè ñâîåé äëèíû, íà âåðøèíàõ îáîñîáëåííûå, íûìè, ãëóáîêèìè òî÷êàìè. Âåðøèíà çàäíåãî âåðòëóãà îòêðûâàþò âåðøèííóþ ÷àñòü ïåíèñà, íåñóùóþ òîíêîå (ðèñ. 8) ïðèëåãàåò ê çàäíåé ïîâåðõíîñòè áåäðà. Á¸äðà ñêëåðîòèçîâàííîå êîëüöî. Êîêñèòû ÿéöåêëàäà êðåïêèå, çàäíèõ íîã (ðèñ. 8) óìåðåííî øèðîêèå. Âèäèìûå ñòåðíè- ñèëüíî ñêëåðîòèçîâàííûå, ñ òðåìÿ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå âû- òû áðþøêà, îñîáåííî 6, ÿâñòâåííî ïóíêòèðîâàííûå. Ïóí- ðàæåííûìè çóáöàìè íà âåðøèííîì êðàå. êòèðîâêà ïèãèäèÿ äîâîëüíî ãóñòàÿ è ãðóáàÿ, íåðåçêî äâîé- íàÿ. Ýäåàãóñ íåñêîëüêî óæå, ÷åì ó S. dimidiatus, S. nitidus Sphaerites glabratus (Fabricius, 1792) è S. involatilis sp.n. Ðèñ. 1, 2, 6, 8. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå. Îáëàäàåò îáøèðíûì àðåàëîì, Hister glabratus Fabricius, 1792: 73. Òèïîâîå ìåñòîíàõîæ- ïðîñòèðàþùèìñÿ îò ñòðàí Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïû äî Äàëüíå- äåíèå: Ãåðìàíèÿ («Habitat in Germania...»). ãî Âîñòîêà Ðîññèè (âêëþ÷àÿ îñòðîâ Ñàõàëèí) è ñåâåð- íûõ ðàéîíîâ Êèòàÿ; îáíàðóæåí òàêæå â ßïîíèè. Ìàòåðèàë. ÌÓÐÌÀÍÑÊÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ: 1$, «Ìóðìàí» Îáðàç æèçíè. Îáèòàåò â ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ è (êîëëåêöèÿ Í.È. Ôóðñîâà) (ÇÌ ÌÃÓ); ÌÎÑÊÎÂÑÊÀß ÎÁ- òåìíîõâîéíûõ ëåñàõ ñ äîñòàòî÷íîé ïðèìåñüþ áåð¸çû. ËÀÑÒÜ: 1#, 1$, Ìîñêâà, ßóçñêèé ëåñîïàðê, 3.VI.1969, Â. Çî- ëîòèõèí; 3##, 1$, Ïîäîëüñêèé ðàéîí, Ìàëèíñêîå ëåñíè÷å- Æóêè ïðèëåòàþò ê ñîêîòî÷àùèì áåð¸çîâûì ïíÿì, ðÿäîì ñòâî, 25.V.1973, Í. Íèêèòñêèé, Â. Áåëîâ;
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