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A Faunal Study of Illinois Silphidae (Coleoptera)

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A Faunal Study of Illinois Silphidae (Coleoptera) Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1975 A Faunal Study of Illinois Silphidae (Coleoptera) Brian Baldwin Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Zoology at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Baldwin, Brian, "A Faunal Study of Illinois Silphidae (Coleoptera)" (1975). Masters Theses. 2487. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2487 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B A Fauna] Study of Ill ino1 {CoJeoptera) S1Jphidae (TITLE) BY Brian Baldwin Ed., 1971 B.S. in Eastern Illinois University, THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF .., ' ' Master of Science in Zoology IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1975YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE ADVISER f<l?S- , , t)Jt(J - 1JJ14q /f7-5 DATE A Faunal of Illinois Study (Coleoptera) Silphidae By Brian Baldwin Ed., Eastern Illinois University, 1971 B.S. in ABSTRACT OF A THESIS Submitted fulfillment of the requirements for the in partial degree of of at the Graduate School of Master Science Eastern Illinois University CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1975 of the family Silphidae Illinois was A faunal study in made through examination of over 1400 A brief specimens. history of the taxonomy of the family a description of silphid and ecology was presented. Key� to the tribes, genera, species and of adult occurring in Illinois were ivised . S1lphidae d Four genera and sixteen species of ailphids described, supple­ are mented with drawings and distribution maps. - undersigned, appointed the Head of the of Zoology, The by Department examined a thesis entitled have Faunal Study of Illinois (Coleoptera) A Silphidae Presented by Brian Baldwin candidate for of Master of a the degree Science and certify that in their opinion it is acceptable. hereby OF CONTENTS TABLE . •• • Acknowledgements ••••. • • . • . i . List of and Figures ••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• • •• • •••• Tables 11 • • Introduction •• • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 • • • Literature Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 • • • • • • • • • • • Taxonomy. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ecology ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 • • • • • • • • • • • Methods and N:ater ial • ••••. ror·•• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 8 s Results Discussion •• ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .9 and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • to Silphidae • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Key • • • • • • • Description of the Species • • ••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••17 Literature Cited .... ...•.................•. ....... ...........44 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS author would like to thank Dr. Michael Goodrich The A. his advice and guidance during the research and writing for this paper. author also indebted to Richard of The is Dr. f r his comments and criticism of the paper, and Dr. Funk o M. W. Sanderson for help in preparing a key. following curators The and individuals contributed suggestions and/or specimens have for this study: Dr. Rupert Wenzel and Dr. Henry Field Dybas, Natural History; Dr. Sanderson, Natural Museum of M. W. History Survey; Dr. Western Illinois Yale Sedman, University; Garland Eastern Illinois University; Dr. Dr. Riegel, J. E. McPherson, Illinois University; Dr. ewart Southern St Peck, Carleton and Dr. Arnett Jr., Biological University; R. H. Research Institute of America, Inc. 11 OF AND FIGURES LIST TABLES Table 1 classification of tribes genera of North AmericanThe Silphidae as recognizedand by Horn, Hatch and Arnett . .. ...•............... .•.... .•. .... ...••••• ..• • .•.7 Figure. 1 Antenna of Nicrophorus ••••••• •••••••••• ••••••••• ••• ••••1 3 2 Antenna of Necrodes •••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• • ••• • ••1 3 3 Antenna of Necronhilus ••••••••• •••••••• •••••• •••• ••• •••1 3 4 Pronotum of Necrodes • •••••. •••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••1 3 5 Pronotum of Silpha •••• •••••••••• •••••••••• ••• •••• • ••• ••1 4 6 Pronotum of Necronhilus ••••••• •• ••••••• •••••••••••••••• 14 7 Pronotum of Nicrophorus carolinus •••••• ••• ••••••••• • •••14 8 Pronotum Nicronhorus orbicollis ••••••••• ••••••••••• • 14 of 9 elytron of Nicronhorus carolinus ••••• • • •••• ••••••• 15 Left 10 Left Nicrophorus orbicollis • ••••••••••••••••15 elytron of - 11 Left elytron of Nicrophorus tomentosus • ••••••••••••• • ••1 5 12 Left elytron of Nicrophorus americanus ••••••••••••••••• 15 13 of Nicrophorus ••••••••••• ••••••15 Left elytron pustulatus 14 ·Left elytron of Nicronhorus vespilloides •••••• •• •••••• • 16 15 Left elytron of Nicrophorus marginatus •••• •••••• ••••• ••16 16 Left elytron of Nicronhorus obscurus ••••••••• • • ••••• •••16 17 Left elytron of Nicronhorus investi5ator •••• ••• ••• • • • ••16 18 Left elytron of ••••••••••••••••• ••••••16 Nicrouhorus sayi 111 19 Silpha americana collection sites Illinois ••••••••••28 in 20 Silnha novaboracensis collection sites in Illinois •••••29 21 Silpha lapponica collection sites in Illinois •••••••••• 30 22 Silpha inaequalis collection sites in Illinois •••••••••31 23 Necrodes surinamensis collection sites in Illinois, ••••32 24 net ti collection sites in Illinois ••••••.• 33 Necrophilua ti 25 Nicrophorus carolinus collection sites in Illinois •• •••34 26 Nicronhorus. orbicollia collection sites in Illinois ••••35 27 Nicrophorus tomentoaus collection sites in Illinois ••••3 6 28 Nicrophorus americanus collection sites in Illinois ••• • 37 29 Nicrophorus pustulatus collection sites in Illinois ••••38 30 icrou orus vespilloides collection in Illinois 39 N h sites •• 3L Nicrophorus collection sites in Illinois ••••4 0 marginatus 32 Nicrophorus obscurus collection s i tes in Illinois ••• ••• 41 33 Nicrophorus investigator collection sites Illinois ••42 in 34 Nicrophorua collection sites in Illinois • • •••••• • • 43 sayi 1 INTRODUCTION The common members of the family Silphidae re medium to a large size beetles often found on carrion. Placed in the Staphylinoidea they may be distinguished from other members the their clavate or capitate 10 - 11 of superfamily by segmented antennae pubescence on at lea t segments 9 - 11, with s large front coxae, and enlarged p ono um . The elytra often r t bear or orange markings . red this paper the author has attempted to the In list species of silphids have been f u d Illinois. Keys, which o n in descriptions, i a i and distribution maps have been llustr t ons e ed aid in dev lop to identification. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Taxonomy number of workers have made contributions to the A taxonomy of the family Silphidae Horn (1880), in his review . of the genera of the world, listed 43 genera in six tribes; 30 genera were described from the (20 of these genera are U.S. now pla ced in .other families ) . Horn (1880) des ribed several c ecie including one found in Illi nois ( Necrophilus new sp s, pettiti). He listed 10 specie of which are s Nicrophorus considered to be valid, and described three varieties which are now viewed as full species. In the genus Silpha� tribe Silphini, he pla ed 10 species including surinamensis, subse­ c quently pla ed by some authors Necrodes. c in Portevin (1926) included the tribes Nicrophorini for Nicrophorus; Necrodini with the genera Necrodes, Protonecrodes and Silphini including twenty genera and three Diamesus; and subgenera. Hatch (1927) reviewed the genera, and species of tribes, Silphidae and reduced family to a subfamily of the family the Staphylinidae. included seven tribes and 35 genera ( Ta le 1) He b and provided keys to genera, subgenera, and aberrations species, or varieties of speci s and included to larvae. Hatch e , keys included a phylogenetic key species groups the tribe to of 3 Nicrophorini. Included the keys were several fossil species in from the Miocene of France and ol rado . C o Hatch (1927) mentioned that two species of Necrophilus , subterraneus and nettiti, are the only species that tend to show by their distribution a North Atlantic connection between Europe and North America. The distributio of other species n demonstrate a Bering Strait connection. Arnett (1944) included only the Neartic Silphini and N1crophorin1 in his evi s ion based on the female genitalia. r He listed 19 species of Nicrophorini (all Nicrophorus ) and - 13 species of Silphini which he placed in three enera and two g subgenera. He later (Arnett, 1963) abandoned his 1944 scheme and a cepted that of Hatch (1927). Arnett (1944) listed 46 c .. species of Silphidae from North America and ncl ded synonomies i u of the various forms and abberations described by others. Arnett (1963) divided the world Silphidae into two subfamilies: the Bathysciinae of Europe (310 species); and the Silphinae (254 species) which occur throughout the world. The Silphinae four tribes occuring include in North America ( Table 1 ) , and representatives of three occur in Illinois. also included a concise classification and key to the He genera of the United States. Ecology Many papers have been written about the habits of silphids, especial N1crouhorin1; only a few authors have ly the however, an
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