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PROCEEDINGS of Tne MEETING COMPTES RENDUS De Ia REUNION IOBC/WPRS Study Group "Integrated Protection in Quercus spp. Forests" OILB/ SROP Groupe d' Etude "Protection lntegree des Foretsa Quercus spp." PROCEEDINGS of tne MEETING COMPTES RENDUS de ia REUNION at/a Rabat-Sale (Maroc) 26 - 29 Octobre 1998 Edited by C. Villemant IOBC wprs Bulletin Bulletin OILS srop Vol. 22 (3) 1999 The IOBC/WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palaearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Le Bulletin OILB/SROP est publie par !'Organisation lntemationale de Lutte Biologique et lntegree contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Quest Palearctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright IOBC/WPRS 1999 Address General Secretariat: INRA- Centre de Recherches de Dijon Laboratoire de Recherches sur la Flore Pathogene dans le Sol 17, Rue Sully- BV 1540 F-21034 DIJON CEDEX France ISBN 92s9067-107-6 Introduction The study group " Integrated protection in Quercus spp. forests" was founded in 1993 by Pr. L1,1ciano of the Sassari University. Presently, it includes 44 active members from 9 European and North African countries. It -aims to promote contacts between scientists involved in oak decline research in order to encourage the application of collective management strategies and the elaboration of common research programs.. The firstmeeting of the group was held in Sardinia in September 1994 (Luciano ed., 1995)1 It focused on cork oak forests which are one of the most endangered ecosystems because of their high anthropisation level. The entomologists and phytopathologists who participated were worried about the generalised worsening of the sanitary conditions of Mediterranean oak forests and the gravity of the widespread of oak decline process. The second meeting was held in Morocco, from 26th to 29th October 1998, at the National Forestry School of Rabat-Sale. The location was chosen to increase North Africa's involvement in the organisation, as part of the IOBC wprs, and also because North African countries are particularly concerned with the aggravation of the oak forest decline. The meeting aimed to assess the actual phytosanitarysituation of the Mediterranean oak stands and to share the results of recent works. Supported by the Ministre Delegue Charge des Eaux et Forets of Morocco, who presided the opening session, this meeting was attended by about sixty participants: study group members from 8 countries (Algeria, Austria, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Switzerland, Tunisia), representatives of Moroccan research institutions and students from the National Forestry School. Twenty oral communications and 15 posters were presented during the 5 sessions concerning phytosanitary conditions, decline factors and management of the Mediterranean oak forests, problems of natural and artificial oak regeneration, phytopathogenous fungi, xylophagous insects, defoliator insects and biological control techniques used to prevent their infestations. A guided excursion was organised in the Mamora forest on the last day. Scientists, forest technicians and managers, described the phytosanitary state of the forest and the measures taken to restrain its decline and to ensure its regeneration. A trip as far as the ex-royal hunting reserve of Arn Johra, which was protected from human activities and grazing until several years ago, enabled the participants to discover the actual extent of forest degradation. Nevertheless, this forest was regarded (but for how much longer) as the widest corkuak forest in the world. The journey ended with a visit of a cork transformationfactory in Temara. Thanks are due to the Ministere charge des Eaux et Forets of Morocco as well as to the directors and the personnel of the Direction de la Conservation des Ressources Forestieres of Rabat and of the National Forestry School of Sale for the logistic and financialsupport offered to the organisation of the meeting,. We are also grateful to MM. Assali and Benjelloun, from the Forestry Office for their role in making the meeting a success as well as to Mme Palczewski for corrections of the manuscripts in English. Claire VILLEMANT Study group convenor 1 Luciano P. ed., 1995. Integratedprotection in cork-oak forests. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 18 (6), 114 p. ii Introduction Le goupe d'etude " Protection integree des forets a Quercus spp. " a ete fonde en 1993 par le Professeur Luciano de l'Universite de Sassari. II comprend actuellement 44 membres actifs venant de neuf pays d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. II a pour objectif de favoriser Jes echanges entre Jes chercheurs qui s'interessent au deperissement des forets de chenes afin de faciliter la mise en oeuvre de regles de gestion forestiere et des projets de recherche cornmuns. Le premier meeting du groupe a eu lieu en Sardaigne en Septembre 1994 (Luciano ed., 1995)'. II etait centre sur ies suberaies qui, du fait de ieur forte anthropisation, soot l'un des ecosystemes forestiers mediterraneens les plus menaces. Les entomologistes et Jes phytopathologistes reunisa cette-accasionavaient tou8''ffiailifesteleur forte preoccupation face a !'aggravation geite{ale de l'etat·sanitaire des chenaies mediterraneennes et a !'extension tres preoccupante des phenomenes de deperissement. Le second meeting du groupe a eu lieu du 26 au 29 octobre 1998 a !'Ecole Nationale Forestiere d'Ingenieurs de Rabat-Sale (Maroc). Deux raisons ont motive le choix de ce pays d'accueil: la necessite, d'une part, que Jes pays du Maghreb soient plus fortement impliques dans les activites de l'OILB srop et le fait, d'autre part, qu'ils sont Jes plus gravement concernes par le probleme du deperissement forestier. L'objectif du meeting etait de faireun nouveau bilan de I' etat phytosanitaire des forets de chenes et de presenter Jes resultats des travaux de recherche Jes plus recents. Organisee sous le patronnage du Ministre Delegue Charge des Eaux et Forets du Maroc, qui a preside la seance d'ouverture, cette manifestation a rassemble une soixantaine de personnes: membres du groupe venus de huit pays (Algerie, Autriche, France, Italie, Maroc, Portugal, Suisse, Tunisie), representants des instituts de recherche marocains et eleves de !'Ecole Nationale Forestiere. Vingt communications et quinze posters ont ete presentes au cours de 5 sessions concernant: la situation phytosillitaire, Jes facteurs de deperissement et l'amenagement des chenaies en region mediterraneenne; Jes problemes de regeneration naturelle et artificielle; la biologie et !'impact des champignons phytopatogenes; les insectes xylophages; les insectes defoliateurs et les techniques de Jutte integree mises en oeuvre pour combattre leurs infestations. Le dernier jour du meeting a ete consacre a une excursion en foret de la Mamora durant laquelle, chercheurs, techniciens et gestionnaires forestiers ont presente la situation phytosanitaire du massif et Jes moyens employes pour tenter de freiner son deperissement et assurer sa regeneration. Un circuit jusqu'a l'ancienne reserve royale de chasse d'A"in Johra, ou pendant de longues annees quelques parcelles de chene-liege avaient ete soustraites a !'action de l'homme et au paturage, a permis aux participants de constater l'ampleur de la degradation actuelle de la foret, qui est pourtant consideree (mais pour combien de temps encore) cornme la plus vasie suberaie du monde. La journee s'est terminee par la visite d'une usine de transformation de liege a Temara. Nous tenons a remercier pour leur aide logistique et financiere, le Ministere charge des Eaux et Forets du Maroc, le directeur et le personnel de la Direction de la Conservation des Ressources Forestieres de Rabat, le directeur et le personnel de !'Ecole Nationale Forestiere de Sale. Nous remercions en outre tout particulierement MM. Assali et Benjelloun, du Ministere des Eaux et Forets, pour leur contribution decisive a la reussite de Ja manifestation ainsi que Mme Palczewski pourla relecture de tous les textes en anglais de ce bulletin. Claire VILLEMANT Responsable du groupe iii List of participants ABOUROUH Mohamed Centre National de la Recherche Forestiere. BP 763. 10050 Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO fax: 212 767 11 51 [email protected] AGTAY Fatima Ecole Normale Superieure de Casablanca, Departement de Biologie, BP 9172. Mers Sultan, MOROCCO fax: 212 298 53 26 ASSALI Fouad Administrationdes Eaux et Forets et de la Conservationdes Sols, Ministere charge des Eaux et Forets, Cellule de la Protection Phytosanitaire des forets. Rabat-Chellah, MOROCCO fax: 212 776 44 46 ATAY-KADIRI Zineb Faculte des Sciences de Rabat, Departement de Biologie. BP 1014. 10050 Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO fax: 212 777 54 61 [email protected] BAAZZINaima Centre National de la Recherche Forestiere, Unite de Regeneration du Chene-liege. BP 763. 10050-Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO fax: 212 767 11 51 BAKRY Mustapha Centre National de la Recherche Forestiere. BP 763. 10050-Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO fax: 212 767 11 51 [email protected] BEN JAMAA Mohamed L. Institut National de Recherches en Genie Rural, Eaux et Forets, BP 10. 2080 Ariana-Tunis, TUNISIA fax: 216 I 717 951 kha/[email protected] BENDAANOUN M'hamed Ecole Nationale Forestiere d'Ingenieurs Departement d'Ecologie et Gestion des Ressources Naturelles. BP 511. Tabriquet, 11000 Sale, MOROCCO fax: 212 786 11 49 BENHALIMA Souad Institut Scientifique. Departement de Zoologie et Ecologie Animale. BP 703. 10050 Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO fax: 212 7 77 45 40 [email protected] BENHSAIN Noufissa Faculte des Sciences de Rabat, Departement de Biologie. BP 1014. 10050 Rabat-Agdal, MOROCCO 212 777 54 61 [email protected] BENSAID Miloud Administration des Eaux et Forets et de la Conservation des Sols. Rabat-Chellah, MOROCCO fax: 212 776 44 46 iv BuFFONI Giuseppe E.N .E.A. Centro Ricerche Ambiente Marino. CP 316. 1-19100 La Spezia, ITALY fax: 39 187 5362 13 [email protected] CERBONESCHI Anna Stazione Sperimentale de! Sughero. Via Limbara 9. 1-07029 Tempio Pausania, ITALY fax: 39 79 67 11 13 [email protected] CORDA Piero Istituto di Patologia Vegetale, Universita di Sassari. Via E.
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