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A New Genus and Species Record for Mongolia and Republic of Korea, Alliphis Necrophilus Christie, 1983 (Parasitiformes: Eviphididae)

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A New Genus and Species Record for Mongolia and Republic of Korea, Alliphis Necrophilus Christie, 1983 (Parasitiformes: Eviphididae) Journal148 of Species Research 6(Special Edition):148-151,JOURNAL OF2017 SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 6, Special Edition A new genus and species record for Mongolia and Republic of Korea, Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983 (Parasitiformes: Eviphididae) Eunsun Keum1, Badamdorj Bayartogtokh2 and Chuleui Jung3,* 1Research Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea 2Department of Zoology, School of Biology and Biotechnology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia 3Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] Assocations of wingless mites with winged arthropods highlight important life history strategies and ecological interactions. Here we report a mesostigmatan mite species association with an earth-boring dung beetle. Mite spciemens were collected from the soil of organic apple orchards in the Province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea, and cattle dung was collected from grassland in Mongolia. The species was identified as Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983 (Acari: Eviphididae). This is the first report of any species in the genus Alliphis in Korea. Some descriptive details and ecological remarks are also provided. Keywords: association, Chromogeotrupes auratus, dung beetle, Geotrupes amoenus, Geotrupidae, phoresy Ⓒ 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2017.6(S).148 INTRODUCTION the Eviphididae. It currently includes about 20 species mostly associated with scarab beetles and is primarily Mites in the superfamily Eviphidoidea are primarily distributed in the Palaearctic region, although some spe- humus and litter-inhabiting predators. Many mites in cies are found in Africa and Australia (Mašán and Halli- the Eviphidoidae have adapted to transient habitats such day, 2010). as dung and carrion. These species form phoretic rela- In addition to scarab beetles, eviphidid mites also form tionships with a variety of arthropods (Lindquist et al., associations with beetles in the families Geotrupidae 2009). and Silphidae species of which are strongly associated The family Eviphididae mites body size is a small to with animal dung or carrion (Mašán and Halliday, 2010). medium-sized free-living mesostigmatid mite group with Mašán and Halliday (2010) reported Alliphis halleri, A. a cosmopolitan distribution (Halliday, 2010). Eviphididae kargi, A. phoreticus, Alloseius pratensis species that form mites are abundant in various habitats, including stable associations with the family Geotrupidae beetles. and continuous microhabitats in soil and leaf litter, as Two species in the family Eviphididae have been re- well as temporally and spatially isolated patches of re- ported in Korea; Copriphis hastatellus Berlese, 1910 and sources such as dung and carrion (Mašán and Halliday, Holostaspella scatophila Evans and Hyatt, 1963. These 2010). The family includes insecticolous species that species are associated with Copris dung beetles (Coleop- have intimate associations with scarab beetles that in- tera: Scarabaeidae). This paper reports the observation habit the subelytral cavity of their hosts and breed in of Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983 in the family Evi- their subterranean nesting chambers. Phoresy enables phididae. This is the first report of this genus and species these mites continued exsistence on ephemeral and scat- in Korea. We provide some detailed descriptions relative tered habitats such as animal excretion (Mašán and Hal- to those of Christie (1983), Mašán (1994) and Mašán and liday, 2010). Alliphis is one of the largest genera within Halliday (2010). December 2017 KEUM ET AL.-NEW RECORD SPECIES OF ALLIPHIS NECROPHILUS FROM KOREA 149 MATERIALS AND METHODS Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983 Alliphis necrophilus Christie, 1983: 232; Mašán, 1994: We collected soil samples from organic apple orchards 7; Takaku et al., 1994: 306; Ma, 1996: 54; Schwarz et in Punggi, Province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of al., 1998: 162; Makarova, 1998: 115; Mašán, 1999: Korea (36°50ʹ N, 128°28ʹ E) during 2012. Mite speci- 517. mens were extracted using a modified Berless-Tullgren Alliphis yinchuanensis Gu & Bai, 1997: 249 (synonymy funnel (30W, 72h) and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. by Mašán and Halliday, 2010: 30). Additional specimens of the species were collected from Alliphis brevisternalis Ma & Wang, 1998: 12 (synonymy cattle dung beetles (Geotrupes amoenus (Coleoptera: by Mašán and Halliday, 2010: 30). Geotrupidae)) and associated soil from grassland in Mongolia (48°15ʹ N, 106°50ʹ E). Mite specimens were Specimens examined. three females, Punggi, Yeongju, removed from insects using an entomological pin. Mites Province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea, 36° were cleared in lactophenol solution and mounted on 50ʹ N, 128°28ʹ E, alt. 542 m, 27 April 2012, E. Keum slide glass using polyvinyl alcohol mounting medium coll., from soil of organic apple orchard; two females, (PVA medium) (Downs, 1943). Morphological features three males, 27 deutonymph, Mongolia, 48°15ʹ N, 106° of adult female and setal measurements were conducted 50ʹ E, alt. 68 m, 21 Jun 2015, J. Kim and C. Jung coll., under the compound phase contrast microscope (Olym- from Geotrupes amoenus (Geotrupidae). pus JP/BX51) equipped with a drawing tube. New re- Diagnosis. Dorsal idiosoma. Dorsal shield suboval, rel- cord species are deposited in Insect Ecology Lab, De- atively wide, 410-525 μm long and 280-380 μm wide partment of Plant Medicine, Andong National Univer- in females, 340-500 μm long and 230-305 μm wide in sity (ANU), Andong, Korea and also in NIBR (ZIIYIV males, distinctly reticulated only in marginal areas. Dor- 0000754963). sal setae relatively short, subequal in length in females. Ventral idiosoma. Presternal platelets present. Sternal shield approximately as wide as long, 98-124 μm long RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and 90-120 μm wide, smooth; first pair of sternal pores slit-like, oriented obliquely. Epigynal shield 47-72 μm Family Eviphididae Berlese wide. Post-genital sclerites absent. Anal shield slightly Eviphididae Berlese, 1913: 11. wider than long, 63-89 μm long and 76-101 μm wide, subtriangular, with rounded anterior margin and smooth Genus Alliphis Halbert surface. Epistome with elongated central projections; Alliphis Halbert, 1923: 369. Type species Gamasus halleri lateral wing-like elements poorly developed, sloping, G. & R. Canestrini, 1881, by monotype. densely serrated on anterior margin. Remarks. Alliphis necrophilus is a necrophilous species Diagnosis. Dorsal idiosoma. Idiosoma dorso-ventrally specifically associated with burying beetles (Coleoptera: flattened. Dorsal shield entrire, suboval, almost com- Silphidae) and cadavers of small mammals attacked by pletely covering dorsal idiosoma, never expanded ven- buring beetles. Among the burying beetles, Nicrophorus trally, with simple rounded vertex, with fine reticulation burying beetles seem to be prefered: N. humator and N. at least on marginal area of shield. Dorsal shield with vespillo in Slovakia, Poland and China (Mašán, 1994; 30 pairs of subequal, uniform, needle-like setae, only j1 Ma, 1996; Haitlinger, 2004), N. vespilloides in Scotland sometimes slightly thickened, lanceolate; j1 and z1 in (Christie, 1983), N. maculifrons and N. quadripunctatus dorsal position on vertex. Sexual dimorphism of dorsal in Japan (Takaku et al., 1994), and N. japonicus in China chaetotaxy absent. Some dorsal pore-like structures con- (Gu and Bai, 1997). Haitlinger (2004) reported an asso- spicuous hypertrophied, elongate. ciation of A. necrophilus with other beetles: Oiceoptoma Ventral idiosoma. Presternal platelets present, small, thoracica, Silpha obscura (Silphidae) and Trichodes paired, weakly sclerotised and transversely striate. Ven- apiarius (Cleridae). In our study, A. necrophilus were tral shield with weak sculptural ornamentation on sur- collected from the earth-boring dung beetle Geotrupes face. Sternal shield well sclerotised, with three pairs of amoenus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) in Mongolia. In Ko- setae and two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair small, ori- rea Chromogeotrupes auratus in the family Geotrupidae, ented obliquely to longitudinal axis. Anal shield usually can be found in mountain and grassland habitats (Kwang subtriangular, with three subequal circum-anal setae. et al., 2011). Thus this species could occur in associa- Gnathosoma. Palptarsus without paired macroeupathid- tion with Ch. auratus in Korea as well. Mites collect- ia. Epistome with elongate central projection and wing- ed from the soil of organic apple orchards may also be like lateral elements usually densely serrated on distal associated with burying beetles. Kim (2016) reported margin. a higher abundance of ground beetles in organic apple 150 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 6, Special Edition 1 2 3 50 μm 50 μm 50 μm 5 4 50 μm 50 μm Figs. 1-5. Alliphis necrophilus, female, 1, dorsal idiosoma; 2, ventral idiosoma; male, 3, dorsal idiosoma; 4, ventral idiosoma; deutonymph, 5, ventral idiosoma. December 2017 KEUM ET AL.-NEW RECORD SPECIES OF ALLIPHIS NECROPHILUS FROM KOREA 151 orchards than in conventional orchards. Also higher in- sis of Andong National University, 1-169. put of organic materials in organic apple orchards than Kwang, S.O., K.M. Hong, J.Y. Seok, W.R. Jae and Y.B. conventional orchards for nutritional management and Cho. 2011. Study of beetles and butterflies in the area weed management could help inhabit those ground
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