r GUIDE TO JOHN SMITH’S e 4 iv R k SECOND VOYAGE THE SECOND VOYAGE El
JULY 24 - SEPTEMBER 7, 1608 2 1 JULY 25 - 26, 1608 Bad weather forces the men to stay 3 Sassafras River at the Indian town of Kecoughtan for three days. They pass the time showing off for the Indians by firing “rockets” into the air. P at aps er v co R i 2 JULY 31, 1608 R r iv e Near the head of the Bay, many of e t r s e the explorers become ill. When a h N C group of Indian warriors in canoes comes near, Captain Smith puts hats r on sticks to make it look like there ve W E Ri e are more men on the shallop than y there really are. The trick works, W . and the two sides have peaceful R S s e talks. il M
3 AUGUST 1, 1608
The explorers visit the Indian town 5 of Tockwogh on the Sassafras
r River. The town is surrounded by a e iv wall built for defense. Two Native R k guides lead the explorers to the head an t of the Bay to meet a powerful tribe p o r h e known as the Susquehannock. v C i
R e k 4 AUGUST 6, 1608 P o a c r t ti e Sixty Susquehannock warriors come uxe v n i n a down the river to meet with Smith t N R R o c and his men. They bring pipes, bear ive i P r m skins, venison, necklaces, and other ot o oma ic trade goods. Smith is impressed by c W how tall some of the men are. He
calls the tallest chief “the goodliest 7 R ive man we ever beheld.” r
6 5 AUGUST 8 - 12, 1608 Smith explores the Patuxent River Pocomoke River and has peaceful trading sessions.
6 AUGUST 18, 1608 While sailing on the upper
R Rapphannock River, the men are a p attacked by Indians firing arrows p a h from cliffs. They tie Indian shields, a n noc obtained earlier through trade, to the k sides of the shallop to protect R ive themselves from the attack. r
7 AUGUST 22, 1608 The explorers reach the head of the Rappahannock River when they are ambushed by Indian warriors. The Natives retreat when Smith’s men Y o fire their muskets. rk R iv e 8 SEPTEMBER 5, 1608 r The crew explores the Elizabeth and Jam Nansemond Rivers. On the es R Nansemond, an ambush occurs. iv er 9 Smith escapes by capturing Indian canoes and chopping them up, which6 leads to a cease-fire.
9 SEPTEMBER 7, 1608 1 The second voyage ends. In 1612, Smith takes notes and sketches from his 1608 voyages to make the first useful map of the Chesapeake Bay,
8 which guides thousands of European NOTE: All place names are modern names settlers to the “New World.” The Second Voyage
NAME: ______DATE: ______
DIRECTIONS: Look at the map and read the “Guide to John Smith’s Second Voyage” on the previous page, then answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. Name two rivers on the Western Shore that were explored during this voyage.
2. Near the head of the Bay, many of the English explorers became sick. How did Captain Smith handle this problem when they met a group of Indians in canoes?
3. Why was Captain Smith so impressed by the Susquehannock?
4. When the explorers were attacked on the Rappahannock River on August 18, 1608, how did they protect themselves?
5. In 1612, how did Captain John Smith use his notes from his 1608 voyages?
Captain John Smith’s Second Voyage
July 24 - September 7, 1608 Smith Journeys to the Head of the Chesapeake Bay
n July 24, 1608, Captain John Smith set O out from Jamestown with twelve men to finish exploring the Chesapeake Bay. The trip got off to a slow start when bad weather forced the men to spend three days at the Indian town of Kecoughtan (kee - coe - tan) near the mouth of the James River. To pass time, Smith and his men showed off by firing “rockets” into the air for the Indians. When the weather improved the At the Indian town of Kecoughtan on the James River, the explorers showed off for the Indians by firing rockets explorers sailed north for almost 200 miles, into the air where they found that the head of the Bay divided into four large rivers. Today we call those rivers the Sassafras, Elk, Northeast, and Susquehanna (suss - kwe - han - na). Shortly after this discovery, many of the crew members fell ill. As the sick men lay in the bottom of the shallop, a group of Indians carrying bows and arrows approached in birch bark canoes. Thinking quickly, Captain Smith placed hats on sticks and stuck pistols between them to make it look like he had more healthy men on board than he really did. The trick worked, and two sides met to trade. Sailing back towards the mouth of the Sassafras River, Smith’s men were met by another group of Indians in dugout canoes. They turned out to be warriors from the Indian town of Tockwogh (tock - wha). The town was set inside a large wall called a palisade, which protected the Tockwogh from raiding tribes. The settlers were treated kindly, and during the visit the Natives told Captain Smith about a powerful tribe to the north called the Susquehannock (suss - kwe - han - nock). Two Indian guides agreed to lead the settlers to the mouth of the Susquehanna River to meet leaders from this nation. When he saw the Susquehanna River, Captain Smith realized he had finally reached the true head of the Chesapeake Bay. The explorers waited nearly two days for the Susquehannock to When several men became ill on the Upper Bay, Smith put arrive near present-day Port Deposit, hats on sticks and placed muskets between them to make the Maryland, until a group of sixty warriors Indians think he had more men than he really did. came down the river in canoes. These
Pen and ink drawings courtesy Marc Castelli Indians were very different from any Natives the English had seen before. They spoke a different language, wore different clothing, and stood much taller than members of other tribes. Captain Smith described their tallest chief as “the goodliest man we ever beheld.” The Susquehannock also brought the explorers trade goods such as bear skins, tobacco pipes, baskets, During a visit to the Indian town of Tockwogh, the shields, bows, and arrows. Natives began a chant in which they “held up their After spending two more days on the hands to the Sun, with a most fearful song.” Upper Bay, Smith and his men headed south to chart the rivers they had missed on their first voyage. From August 8 - 12, 1608, they sailed up the Patuxent River and mapped thirteen Indian towns. Then they headed to the mouth of the Rappahannock (rap - a - han - ock) River, where they spent nearly two weeks exploring this large tributary. During their travels, the settlers were ambushed several times by Natives firing arrows from the cliffs lining the narrow river’s shores. Luckily, the explorers had lashed Indian shields to the side of the shallop earlier in the trip, and the arrows bounced away. When Smith’s expedition reached the river’s fall line near present day Fredericksburg, Virginia, they were attacked once more by armed warriors. This time, the Englishmen wounded an Indian and took him prisoner. The explorers treated the Indian’s wound, and in return he told his people that they were friendly. After this, the settlers had peaceful meetings with the Natives on the Rappahannock. On their way back to Jamestown, the crew quickly explored the Piankatank (pee - ank - a - tank), Elizabeth, and Nansemond Rivers before heading home to their fort. The exploration of the Chesapeake Bay was complete. Captain John Smith never found gold, silver, or a “Northwest Passage” to the Pacific Ocean. Instead, he found a body of water rich in natural resources such as crabs, fish, geese, ducks, oysters, and clams. He also visited dozens of Indian towns and met tribes from at least three different language groups. His journals describing how the Natives dressed, hunted, fished, and farmed are still studied by historians today. In 1612, John Smith used notes and sketches from his voyages to make the first useful map of the Chesapeake Bay. This map served as a guide for thousands of settlers looking for a On the Rappahannock, Natives fired arrows at the shallop from fresh start in the “New World,” and cliffs lining the river’s narrow upper sections. The crew survived forever changed the course of history. the ambush by lashing Indian shields - obtained earlier through trade - to the side of the boat.
Pen and ink drawings courtesy Marc Castelli The Second Voyage
NAME: ______DATE: ______
DIRECTIONS: Use information from the reading to answer each of the following questions in a complete sentence.
1. What were the four large rivers that the explorers saw at the head of the Bay?
2. Why had the Tockwogh built a wall around their town?
3. How were the Susquehannock different from other Indians on the Bay?
4. How did the explorers protect themselves from arrows on the Rappahannock River?
5. Why were Captain John Smith’s voyages on the Bay important?