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Sample Pages Facts/Photos Facts & Photos Key Facts .........................................3 State Emblems .....................................3 Location Map ......................................3 Photo Gallery ......................................4 History of Pennsylvania .............................14 Time of Pennsylvania History ........................36 The Keystone State Virtue, Liberty, and Independence 2 Key Facts and State Emblems Profiles of Pennsylvania State flag (includes the state coat of arms). State seal. State motto, “Virtue, Liberty, and Independence.” State animal, White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). State flower, Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia). State game bird, Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). Profiles of Pennsylvania Key Facts and State Emblems 3 Governor ...............Thomas Westerman “Tom” Wolf (D) Facts/Photos Lieutenant Governor .....John Fetterman (D) State Capital ..................Harrisburg Date of Statehood ..............December 12, 1787 (2nd State) Before Statehood ..............Province of Pennsylvania Largest City ..................Philadelphia Demonym....................Pennsylvanian Highest Point .................Mount Davis (3,213 feet) Lowest Point..................Delaware River at Delaware border (sea level) Time Zone ...................Eastern State Emblems State Aircraft .................Piper J-3 Cub State Animal..................White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) State Beautification and Conservation Plant .......Penngift Crownvetch (Coronilla varia L. Penngift) State Beverage ................Milk State Coat of Arms .............Coat of Arms of Pennsylvania State Dog ....................Great Dane State Electric Locomotive .......GG14859 State Firearm .................Pennsylvania Long Rifle State Fish ....................Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) State Flower ..................Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) State Fossil ...................Phacops Rana State Game Bird ...............Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) State Insect ...................Pennsylvania Firefly (Photuris pennsylvanica) State Motto ...................“Virtue, Liberty, and Independence” State Nickname................“Keystone State” State Seal ....................Seal of Pennsylvania State Ship ....................USBrig Niagara State Song....................“Pennsylvania” State Steam Locomotive.........K4s1361 and K4s 3750 State Tree ....................Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis linnaeus) 0 mi 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Copyright © 1988-2003 Microsoft Corp. and/or its suppliers. All rights reserved. http://www.microsoft.com/mappoint © Copyright 2002 by Geographic Data Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2002 Navigation Technologies. All rights reserved. This data includes information taken with permission from Canadian authorities © 1991-2002 Government of Canada (Statistics Canada and/or Geomatics Canada), all rights reserved. 4 Photo Gallery Profiles of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, top, is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the fifth most populous city in the United States. It is the economic and cultural center of Delaware County. Pittsburgh, bottom, is the state’s second largest city and known as both the Steel City for its hundreds of steel related businesses, and the City of Bridges for its nearly 500 bridges. Profiles of Pennsylvania Photo Gallery 5 Facts/Photos Photo Gallery Harrison Wright Falls is one of 24 named waterfalls in Ricketts Glen State Park along the Kitchen Creek. They range from 9 to 94 feet, and visible from Falls Trail, which has been called the “most magnificent hike in the state” and “one of the top hikes in the East.” The waterfalls flow down the Allegheny Front, the result of increased flow from glaciers during the last Ice Age. 6 Photo Gallery Profiles of Pennsylvania A row of Amish buggies, top, sit in the Amish/Dutch Country of southeastern Pennsylvania. This area has grown in the last 50 years as a popular tourist destination. Citizen’sBank Park baseball stadium, bottom, is home to the Philadelphia Phillies. It was built in 2004, to replace the 33-year old now-demolished Veteran’s Stadium, and offers regional specialties such as cheese steaks, soft pretzels, and local beers. Profiles of Pennsylvania Photo Gallery 7 Facts/Photos The Cathedral of Learning is on the National Register of Historic Places and the centerpiece of the University of Pittsburgh’s main campus. At 535 feet, the 42-story structure is the tallest educational building in the western hemisphere. It held its first class in 1931. 8 Photo Gallery Profiles of Pennsylvania The Liberty Bell is the iconic symbol of American independence and is located in Independence Hall, formerly the Pennsylvania State House, in Philadelphia. The bell has been featured on coins and stamps, and its name and image have been widely used by American corporations. Profiles of Pennsylvania Photo Gallery 9 Facts/Photos Fort Ligonier, top, is a British fort from the French and Indian War.Today, a museum stands next to the reconstructed fort with artifacts from the battle. The Pearl S. Buck House, bottom, formerly known as Green Hills Farm, is where the Nobel Prize winning American author lived for 40 years, and wrote This Proud Heart, The Patriot, Today and Forever and The child Who Never Grew. The house is now a museum and National Historic Landmark. 10 Photo Gallery Profiles of Pennsylvania The M. Carey Thomas Library, top, at Bryn Mawr College was a library until 1970, when it became a performance and public space. Bryn Mawr is a liberal arts college for women founded in 1885, and the first college in the U.S. to offer doctorate degrees in social work. Bottom, Pennsylvania’s capitol building’s rotunda, showing painted medallions and lunettes, as well as portions of William Penn’s quote. Profiles of Pennsylvania Photo Gallery 11 Facts/Photos The state capitol building is located in downtown Harrisburg, which was declared the capital after first in Philadelphia, and then Lancaster. Designed by Joseph Miller Huston in 1902 in a Beaus-arts style with Renaissance themes throughout, the capitol houses the legislative chambers for the Pennsylvania State Assembly and the Harrisburg chambers for the Supreme and Superior Courts of Pennsylvania, as well as offices for the Governor and Lt. Governor. 12 Photo Gallery Profiles of Pennsylvania The Milton S. Hershey Mansion, top, also known as High Point, was built in 1908 for the Hershey Chocolate founder, who operated what became the world’slargest chocolate company. He lived in the home until his death in 1945. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1983. The Pennsylvania State Memorial, bottom, in Gettysburg State Park, commemorates the 34,530 Pennsylvania soldiers who fought in the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War. Profiles of Pennsylvania Photo Gallery 13 Facts/Photos Worlds End State Park, top, is a 780-acre state park in Sullivan County. Once home to Native Americans, the park’ssecond growth forests are a result of the efforts of the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression who also built the cabins that earned it a place on the National Register of Historic Places. Grey Towers Castle, bottom, on the campus of Arcadia University, was designed by William Welsh Harrison, and is now a National Historic Landmark. 14 History of Pennsylvania Profiles of Pennsylvania History of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania on the Eve of Colonization das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. After about 1723 when the Tuscaroras from the South were admitted to the confeder- Indians: The First Inhabitants acy, it was called the Six Nations. The five original tribes, When first discovered by Europeans, Pennsylvania, like the when first known to Europeans, held much of New York State rest of the continent, was inhabited by groups of American In- from Lake Champlain to the Genesee River. From this central dians, people of Mongoloid ancestry unaware of European cul- position they gradually extended their power. As middlemen in ture. The life of the Indians reflected Stone Age backgrounds, the fur trade with the western Indians, as intermediaries skilled especially in material arts and crafts. Tools, weapons and in dealing with the whites, and as the largest single group of In- household equipment were made from stone, wood, and bark. dians in northeastern America, they gained influence over In- Transportation was on foot or by canoe. Houses were made of dian tribes from Illinois and Lake Michigan to the eastern bark, clothing from the skins of animals. The rudiments of a seaboard. During the colonial wars their alliance or their neu- more complex civilization were at hand in the arts of weaving, trality was eagerly sought by both the French and the British. pottery, and agriculture, although hunting and food gathering The Senecas, the westernmost tribe, established villages on the prevailed. Some Indians formed confederacies such as the upper Allegheny in the 1730s. Small groups of Iroquois also League of the Five Nations, which was made up of certain New scattered westward into Ohio and became known as Mingoes. York-Pennsylvania groups of Iroquoian speech. The other large During the Revolution, most of the Six Nations took the British linguistic group in Pennsylvania was the Algonkian, side, but the Oneidas and many Tuscaroras were pro-American. represented by the Delawares, Shawnees, and other tribes. Gen. John Sullivan’s expedition up the Susquehanna River and Gen. Daniel Brodhead’s expedition up the Allegheny River laid The Delawares, calling themselves
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