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Home , African D, A with breve (Cyrillic), A with macron (Cyrillic), Braille Patterns, Che with descender, Double acute accent

Title: Comments on Review Draft UC3M0714 of 3.0 Source: Status: Expert contribution Date: 1998-11-01

In pages following, have given items from a text dump of the Unicode 3.0 draft in 9- point Helvetica with comments following the items in 12-point Times. I have not reviewed the in this document.

0021 = factorial = bang → (inverted exclamation mark - 00A1) → ( letter retroflex click - 01C3) → (double exclamation mark - 203C) → (heavy exclamation mark ornament - 2762)

Add 203D ?!

0022 = APL quote • neutral (vertical), used as opening or closing quotation mark • preferred characters for paired quotation marks are 201C & 201D This is not true for Swedish or German. Please add “in the ”.

→ (modifier letter double - 02BA) → (combining double - 030B) → (combining double vertical line above - 030E)

The leading is bad here. Please make sure the leading of all lines in the document is the same everywhere.

0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS = OPENING PARENTHESIS 0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS = CLOSING PARENTHESIS • see discussion on semantics of paired bracketing characters This should appear under both 0028 and 0029, and all other paired bracketing characters. Also, it should rever to the actual reference to where the discussion is.

002C → (arabic comma - 060C) → (ideographic comma - 3001)

Add x 201A , SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK

002D -MINUS = hyphen or minus sign • used for either hyphen or minus sign • other hyphen and characters: 2010-2015 In the printout, but not in this text dump, it says “2010 - — 2015 —”, but the first -dash is confusing. Whenever ranges are given, the arrow → should given. Cross references should not be given with the arrow. This is confusing. I suggest that the cross references be shown with the commonly recognized and attractive printer’ fist ☞ 261E.

Page 1 002F SOLIDUS = = virgule, shilling (British) → (latin letter dental click - 01C0) → (fraction slash - 2044) → (division slash - 2215)

The alignment between the and the names for the cross references is not the same for each line and should be. A tab needs to be set for these things.

0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I • Turkish uses 0131 for lowercase Correct to “Turkish and Azerbaijani use 0131 for lowercase”. Add cross references to vertical line 007C, cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian i 0406, cyrillic 04C0, and roman numeral one 2160.

004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER → (kelvin sign - 212A)

I have never understood why the glyphs at ° 2103 and ° 2109 but °K 212A does not. One says “degrees Celsius”, “degrees Fahrenheit”, and “degrees Kelvin”.

0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I • Turkish uses 0130 for uppercase Correct to “Turkish and Azerbaijani use 0130 for uppercase”

007C VERTICAL LINE

Add cross references to latin capital letter I 0049, cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian i 0406, cyrillic palochka 04C0, and roman numeral one 2160.

00A1 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK • Spanish Add “, Asturian, Galician”

00A3 POUND SIGN = pound sterling Add “, Irish punt”

00A4 CURRENCY SIGN • other currency characters: 20A0-20AD

Add 00A2 CENT SIGN, 00A3 POUND SIGN, 00A5 YEN SIGN, 0E3F THAI BAHT, 17DB KHMER RIEL all of which are other currency symbol characters.

00A7 • paragraph sign in some European usage Possibly add note “• derives from manuscript tradition”

00AA FEMININE • Spanish This is probably used in other languages, such as Galician, Italian, Portuguese, etc.

Page 2 00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO = squared • other superscript digit characters: 2070-2079 With regard to the range mark, see the note on 002D above.

00B3 SUPERSCRIPT THREE = cubed → (superscript one - 00B9) ≈ 0033 It should be noted that ≈ 2248 is ALMOST EQUAL TO. What is ≈ intended to represent here? Is it not intended to represent Í 224D EQUIVALENT TO or á 2263 STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO? This is not clear to the reader.

00BA MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR • Spanish This is probably used in other languages, such as Galician, Italian, etc. In the absence of further information, the note should be deleted as noncomprehensive.

00D0 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER (Icelandic) → (latin small letter eth - 00F0) → (latin capital letter with stroke - 0110) → (latin capital letter - 0189)

The for 0110 should not differ from the glyph for 00D0 and 0189.

00DF LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German) = ess-zed • German Note that the parenthetical has been retained (possibly an error in Asmus’ program) in the character name. “Ess-zed” is incorrect. The correct German spelling is “Eszett” (note capital ). Add “scharfes ” or “scharfes s”.

• uppercase is "" This is no longer entirely true; the rule is, apparently, suspended for personal names. Delete the note here. Or add LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S to the UCS. :-)

00E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ABOVE • Danish, Norwegian, Swedish Add “, Walloon”.

00E6 LATIN SMALL LETTER = LATIN SMALL AE • IPA → (latin small ligature - 0153)

Add “Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, , French”. Add “Commonly called Ash (from Old English æsc)”.

00EC LATIN SMALL LETTER • Italian, Malagash It is Malagasy and not Malagash (which is an anglicization of the French term Malagache).

Page 3 00F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) • Icelandic, Faroese, old English, IPA Say “Old Engish”.

→ 00D0 D latin capital letter eth

Add cross references to 03B4 GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA and 2202 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL.

00FD LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH ACUTE • Czech, Slovak, Icelandic, Faroese, Malagash Add “, Welsh”. It is Malagasy and not Malagash (which is an anglicization of the French term Malagache).

00FE LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) • Icelandic, old English, IPA • Runic letter borrowed into Latin Say Old English.

0101 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH • Latvian, ... Change “Latvian, …” to “Latvian, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0103 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH • Romanian, Vietnamese, ... Change “Romanian, Vietnamese, …” to “Romanian, Vietnamese, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0104 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

0105 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK • Polish, Lithuanian, ... Say “Lithuanian, Lakota, Polish”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0107 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE • Polish, Croatian, ... Say “Croatian, Polish”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0109 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH • Esperanto

010B LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ABOVE • Maltese Add “, Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

010D LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH • (many) Say “Czech, Lakota, Slovak, Slovenian, and many other languages.” or delete the note.

Page 4 010E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON • the form using caron/hacek is preferred in all contexts Do not use the term hacek here. If you do use the term it must be spelled correctly, namely hácˇek.

010F LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON • Czech, Slovak • the form using is preferred in typesetting The glyph is incorrect. It is not acceptable to display this character with the non-preferred glyph.

0110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER The glyph is incorrect. The glyph should be identical to the glyph used at 00D0 and 0189.

0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE • Croatian, Vietnamese, Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Sámi”.

0113 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON • Latvian, ... Change “Latvian, …” to “Latvian, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0115 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE • Malay, ... Change “Malay, …” to “Malay, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0118 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

0119 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK • Polish, Lithuanian, ... Change “Polish, Lithuanian, …” to “Polish, Lithuanian”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

011B LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON • Czech, ... Change “Czech, …” to “Czech”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

011F LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH BREVE • Turkish Change to “Turkish, Azerbaijani”.

0121 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE • Maltese, ... Change “Maltese, …” to “Maltese, Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0122 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH The glyph is incorrect.

Page 5 0123 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA • Latvian, Lappish This letter is not used in Sámi, so delete “Lappish”. The glyph is incorrect and the preferred form with turned comma above must be used.

• there are three glyph variants Delete this note. The other glyph variants are not preferred by Latvians.

0127 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH STROKE • Maltese, IPA, ... Change “Maltese, IPA, …” to “Maltese, IPA”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0129 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH • Greenlandic Change to “Greenlandic (old orthography)

012B LATIN SMALL LETTER • Latvian, ... Change “Latvian, …” to “Latvian, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

012D LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE • Latin, ... Change “Latin, …” to “Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

012E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

012F LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK • Lithuanian, ... Change “Lithuanian, …” to “Lithuanian, Navajo”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

0130 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DOT • Turkish Use “Turkish, Azerbaijani”

0131 LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I • Turkish Use “Turkish, Azerbaijani”

0136 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

0137 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA • Latvian, ...

Change “Latvian, …” to “Latvian”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below. Page 6 0138 LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA (Greenlandic) • old Greenlandic Change to “Greenlandic (old orthography)

013B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WITH CEDILLA The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

013C LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA • Latvian The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

013D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON Add “• the form using apostrophe is preferred in typesetting”. The glyph is incorrect. Use the form with apostrophe.

013E LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON • Slovak • the form using apostrophe is preferred in typesetting The glyph is incorrect. It is not acceptable to display this character with the non-preferred glyph.

013F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT The position of the dot in the glyph is incorrect. Did no one check a Catalan source? This is an example of many features of the font you are using that are just plain wrong.

0142 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE • Polish, ... Change “Polish, …” to “Polish”. The glyph isn’ very nice. The is inauthentic somehow.

0144 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH ACUTE • Polish, ... Change “Polish, …” to “Polish”. The glyph isn’t very nice. The bar is inauthentic somehow.

0145 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

0146 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA • Latvian The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

014A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER (Sami) Say “Sámi”. Is the parenthetical correctly positioned here?

014B LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG (Sami) • Sami, IPA, ... Say “IPA, Mende, Sámi, Zhuang”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. Is the parenthetical correctly positioned here? The glyph is short and cramped.

Page 7 014D LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH MACRON • Latvian, ... Say “Latvian, Latin”.

0153 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE = LATIN SMALL LETTER O E • French, IPA, ... → (latin small letter ae - 00E6) → (latin letter small capital oe - 0276)

Add “, Old Icelandic, Old English, Modern English, Fang”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0155 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH ACUTE • Slovak, ... Say “Slovak”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0156 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

0157 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA • Latvian The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

0159 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON • Czech, ... Say “Czech”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

015B LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE • Polish, ... Say “Polish”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ letter 0936”

015F LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA • Turkish, Romanian, ... • the form using under-comma is taken to be a glyph variant Say “Turkish, Azerbaijani.”. Do not say that this character can or should be used for Romanian. Do not use ellipses in these notes. Say “a form of cedilla looking like a comma below should be avoided with this character, since it conflicts with 0219”

0161 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON • (many) Say “Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Lakota, Slovak, Slovenian, and many other languages.” or delete the note.

0163 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA • Romanian, ... • the form using under-comma is taken to be a glyph variant

Say “transliteration of some semitic languages.”. Do not say that this character can or should be used for Romanian. Do not use ellipses in these notes. Say “a form of cedilla looking like a comma below should be avoided with this character, since it conflicts with 021B”

Page 8 0164 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON • the form using caron/hacek is preferred in all contexts Do not use the term hacek here. If you do use the term it must be spelled correctly, namely hácˇek.

0165 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON • Czech, Slovak • the form using apostrophe is preferred in typesetting The glyph is incorrect. It is not acceptable to display this character with the non-preferred glyph.

0166 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER

The glyph is incorrect. The bar is ridiculously wide and inauthentic.

0167 LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE • Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Sámi”. The glyph is incorrect. The bar is too low.

0169 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH TILDE • Greenlandic Change to “Greenlandic (old orthography)

016B LATIN SMALL LETTER • Latvian, Lithuanian, ... Say “Latvian, Lithuanian, Latin”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

016D LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE • Latin, Esperanto, ... Say “Latin, Esperanto”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

016F LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE • Czech, ... Say “Czech”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0172 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

0173 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK • Lithuanian Say “Lakota, Lithuanian”. The position of the ogonek in the glyph is incorrect.

0178 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH • French Add “, Igbo”.

017A LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH ACUTE • Polish, ... Say “Polish”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

Page 9 017C LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE • Polish, ... Say “Polish”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

017E LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON • (many) Say “Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovenian, and many other languages.” or delete the note.

017F LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S

Add “variant of LATIN SMALL LETTER S in Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”. Add “In common use in Roman types until the 18th century CE. In use in and Gaelic types even today.”

0180 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH STROKE • Americanist usage for phonetic beta Say “Americanist and Indo-Europeanist usage for phonetic beta.” Add “Old Saxon”.

0181 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH Add “Zulu”.

0183 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR • Ex-Soviet minority language scripts Please can you substantiate former-Soviet use to me? Add “Zhuang” (cf. Katzner).

0184 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SIX 0185 LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX • Zhuang • Zhuang tone three is Cyrillic • Zhuang tone four is Cyrillic Add “Zhuang tone 2 is 01A7-01A8, Zhuang tone 5 is 01BC-01BD” and then add two Latin letters to the UCS for tones 3 and 4, instead of conflating them preposterously with letters belonging to another . If you were going to do that in the first place then this tone 6 should have been unified with Cyrillic . Note that the serifs on the tone 3 are not what is found with Cyrillic ZE.

0186 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O • typographically a turned C I wonder if it would be useful to define in a glossary somewhere the terms “turned”, “reversed” and “rotated”.

0188 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK • African I find no evidence that this letter is used in African languages. Pullum & Ladusaw indicate that it was never used in phonetics. The glyph for the hook is too low.

0189 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D → (latin capital letter eth - 00D0) → (latin capital letter d with stroke - 0110) → (latin small letter d with tail - 0256)

Page 10 Add “Ewe”. Change the last to: “lower case is latin small letter d with tail, 0256”.

018A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK • African Say “Pan-Nigerian alphabet”. The glyph for the hook is too low.

018B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR 018C LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR • Ex-Soviet minority language scripts Please can you substantiate former-Soviet use to me? Add “Zhuang” (cf. Katzner).

018D LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA • archaic phonetic for labialized dental fricative • recommended spellings 007A 02B7 or 007A 032B The glyph here is not a turned delta. It is an o with reversed ogonek. Why not used a turned delta, since that is its name, and that is what the actual source is in IPA principles (1949, repr. 1984, p. 14) despite what Pullum and Ladusaw say, which is simply incorrect. So this glyph is incorrect.

018E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED E • Nigerian • alternate uppercase usage to the following → (latin small letter turned e - 01DD)

I do not understand this note. This character, which is supposed to be reversed, not turned (Hermann Zapf designed a Pan-Nigerian font in which it is clearly reversed, not turned), maps to LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E 01DD for its lower case. What does “Alternate uppercase” mean? Users who use use both SCHWAs. That’s why have 01DD and 0259 both. Nigerian is not a language. Say “Pan-Nigerian alphabet”.

018F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA • Azerbaijani, ... → (latin small letter schwa - 0259)

Say “Azerbaijani”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0190 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

0191 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

0192 LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK = LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT F = Florin currency symbol (Dutch) = function symbol Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) Add “Abbreviation convention for “folder”, which it very very widely is.

0193 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK • African Page 11 Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

0194 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

0195 LATIN SMALL LETTER HV (hwair) • Gothic Say “Gothic transliteration”. Add: “Upper case is 01E6”.

0196 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

0197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE = barred i, i bar • African • ISO 6438 gives lowercase as 026A, not 0268 → (latin letter small capital i - 026A)

What lowercase does Unicode give? Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. Please make it clear what letter you are casing it with.

0198 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK The glyph is bad. The hook is really too Wizard-of-Oz-like.

0199 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK • African Add “Hausa”. Say “Pan-Nigerian alphabet”.

019A LATIN SMALL LETTER = barred l • Americanist phonetic usage Say “Americanist phonetic usage for 026C”.

019B LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH STROKE = barred lambda, lambda bar • Americanist phonetic usage Say “Americanist phonetic usage for voiceless alveolar laterally rleased ”.

019C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED • Zhuang Add “Not an m at all, but a close back unrounded ”.

019D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

019F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE = barred o, o bar • lowercase is 0275

Page 12 • African, Ex-Soviet minority language scripts Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) And substantiate the former Soviet comment, please. (“Former Soviet” is better than “Ex-Soviet” passim.)

01A2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI Add “the real name is ”. The glyph is wrong and I have been saying that, with evidence, to WG2 and the UTC since 1993.

01A3 LATIN SMALL LETTER OI • old Azerbaijani Say “Pan-Turkic latin ”. Add “the real name is GHA”. The glyph is wrong and I have been saying that, with evidence, to WG2 and the UTC since 1993.

01A5 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) The hook is placed in a completely wrong position. Apparently it is a really rare sound found in Owerri Igbo.

01A6 LATIN LETTER YR • old Norse • from German Standard DIN 31624 Add “lower case is 0280” and “and ISO 5246-2”. The glyph is very strange, and I have never actually seen it, but (and I like it well enough) if one is going to do it this way than the glyph should not be taller than a capital I.

01A9 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

01AA LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP • archaic phonetic for labialized palato-alveolar or palatal fricative • Twi • recommended spellings 0283 02B7, 00E7 02B7, 0068 0265, etc. Are you saying that modern Twi orthography uses this character? In which case the recommended spellings are unnecessary. Or the mention of Twi is.

01AD LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

01AE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK • African Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.)

01B1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON • African • typographically based on turned capital Greek → (latin small letter upsilon - 028A)

Page 13 → (inverted ohm sign - 2127)

Add “Choctaw”. Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) The here is certainly not based on a turned capital Greek omega, and this note is incorrect. In Choctaw it is not based on an omega either. The glyph is not very nice.

01B2 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WITH HOOK = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT V • African → (latin small letter v with hook - 028B)

Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) The glyph is a bit too Wizard-of-Oz-like.

01B3 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK The hook is placed in the wrong position.

01B4 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK • African Say “Bini, Esoko, and other Edo languages in West Africa”

01B6 LATIN SMALL LETTER = barred z, z bar • variant of Latin "z" → (latin small letter z - 007A)

In Pan-Turkic Latin orthography, z with stroke contrasts with z and is not a variant of it. In ordinary typography, z does not normally appear with a stroke, even as a variant. The variance happens chiefly in handwriting.

01B7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH • African • lowercase is 0292 → (latin capital letter yogh - 021D)

Say “Pan-African alphabet” or something. (This one isn’t Pan-Nigerian according to Zapf.) Add “Skolt Sámi” here. Thank you for the note about yogh.

01BA LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL • archaic phonetic for labialized voiced palato-alveolar or palatal fricative • Twi • recommended spellings 0292 02B7 or 006A 02B7 Are you saying that modern Twi orthography uses this character? In which case the recommended spellings are unnecessary. Or the mention of Twi is.

01C0 LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK Add: “The dental click is the sound represented by “tsk tsk” in English.”

01C1 LATIN LETTER Add: “The lateral click is the sound used in Western Europe to urge on horses.”

01C2 LATIN LETTER = double-barred pipe • Khoisan tradition • no IPA equivalent Page 14 → (not equal to - 2260)

Delete “no IPA equivalent”, since it is in the IPA.

01C3 LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK Add: “The alveolar click is a sound rather like a cork popping out of a bottle.”

Pinyin diacritic vowel combinations If you are saying “ first tone” etc. here, you should do so elsewhere as well, for all Pinyin , even á, í, ú, à, ì, ù, etc.

01DD LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E • Nigerian • all other usages of schwa are 0259 • uppercase is 018E → (latin small letter schwa - 0259)

Nigerian is not a language. Say “Pan-Nigerian alphabet”.

01DF LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON • Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Sámi”. Say “Uralicist usage” here instead, since it isn’t Lappish, it’s Livonian and FUPA.

01E1 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON • Lappish Say “Uralicist usage”.

01E3 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON • Lappish, Old English Add “Old Norse”. Delete Sámi, they do not use this character.

01E5 LATIN SMALL LETTER • Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Skolt Sámi” here.

01E7 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON • Lappish; sometimes used in writing Turkish → (latin small letter g with breve - 011F)

Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Skolt Sámi”. Please don’t say “sometimes used in writing Turkish”. We do have some paedagogical responsibility, you know.

01E9 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON • Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Skolt Sámi” here.

01EB LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK • Lappish, Iroquoian

Page 15 Delete “Lappish” as they do not use this letter. Add “Old Icelandic”.

01ED LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON • Lappish Delete “Lappish” as they do not use this letter. Add “Old Icelandic”.

01EF LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON • Lappish Do not use the term “Lappish” as it is considered offensive by Sámi people. Use the term “Skolt Sámi” here.

01F0 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH CARON • IPA Add “transliteration of Western Asian languages”.

Note that the following are used in discussions of Croatian and Bosnian poetics.

0200 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0201 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0202 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH 0203 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE 0204 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0205 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0206 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE 0207 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE 0208 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0209 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 020A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE 020B LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE 020C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 020D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 020E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE 020F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE 0210 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0211 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE 0213 LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE 0214 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0215 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE 0216 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE 0217 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE

0219 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW Add “Romanian”. Add “a form of comma below looking like a cedilla should be avoided with this character, since it conflicts with 015F”

021B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW

Add “Romanian”. Add “a form of comma below looking like a cedilla should be avoided with this character, since it conflicts with 0163”

021D LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH = dram • , old English → (latin small letter ezh - 0292) → (ounce sign - 2125)

Page 16 Delete “Old Irish, Old English”. Add “Middle English, Scots”. Delete “dram”. Read my paper on Yogh and Ezh (http://www.indigo.ie/egt/standards/iso10646/wynnyogh/ezhyogh.) to learn what the story actually is.

021F LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON

Add “Finnish Romany”.

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

0222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU 0223 LATIN SMALL LETTER OU • Algonquin, Huron 0224 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK 0225 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK • Middle High German 0226 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE 0227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE • Uralicist usage 0228 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA 0229 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA 022A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON 022B LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON • Livonian 022C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AND MACRON 022D LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON • Livonian 022E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE 022F LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE • Livonian 0230 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON 0231 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON • Livonian 0232 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON 0233 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON • Livonian, Cornish ======

@+ IPA includes basic Latin letters and a number of Latin letters from other blocks. → (latin small letter ae - 00E6) → (latin small letter c with cedilla - 00E7) → (latin small letter eth - 00F0) → (latin small letter o with stroke - 00F8) → (latin small letter - 0127) → (latin small letter eng - 014B) → (latin small ligature oe - 0153) → (greek small letter beta - 03B2) → (greek small letter - 03B8) → (greek small letter lamda - 03BB) → (greek small letter chi - 03C7)

I consider these last 4 to be contentious, and they have been proposed for inclusion in the standard.

0257 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK • implosive dental or alveolar stop → (latin capital letter d with hook - 018A)

Page 17 Add “Ewe”.

0259 LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA • mid-central unrounded vowel • variant uppercase form 018E is associated with clone 01DD → (latin capital letter schwa - 018F) → (latin small letter turned e - 01DD)

Don’t call 01DD a clone. It’s like ETH and D WITH STROKE and AFRICAN D. They’re different letters. Calling it a clone might get people to misuse one or the other. LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA has only one uppercase form, which looks like a SCHWA.

025F LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE • voiced palatal stop • typographically a turned f • “gy” in

The letter is not shown, typographically, as a turned f here. This is a typical example of how the font used is really not suitable for printing ISO/IEC 10646.

0267 LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK • voiceless coarticulated velar and palato-alveolar fricative • "tj" or "kj" in some Swedish dialects

Add “or ‘sj’”

0268 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE = barred i, i bar • high central unrounded vowel • ISO 6438 gives lowercase of 0197 as 026A, not 0268

But what does Unicode give?

0269 LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA • semi-high front unrounded vowel @+ obsoleted by IPA in 1989 • preferred use is 026A LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I → (latin capital letter iota - 0196) → (greek small letter iota - 03B9)

Obsolete in IPA, but not in Africa, right?

027C LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG • voiced strident apico-alveolar trill • sound spelled with 0159 in Czech

Add “variant of LATIN SMALL LETTER R 0072 in Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”. Add “Obsoleted by IPA in 1989. Preferred phonetic representation for Czech is 0072 031D”.

028A LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON • semi-high back rounded vowel • preferred IPA alternate → (latin capital letter upsilon - 01B1) → (greek small letter upsilon - 03C5)

What does “preferred IPA alternate” refer to?

Page 18 028C LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V = , wedge • lower-mid back unrounded vowel

Delete “= caret, wedge”. Pullum & Ladusaw both recommend against the terms “caret” (2038) and “wedge” (02C7). Add cross-references to 039B and 2227 (as per Pullum & Ladusaw).

0292 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH = LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH • voiced postalveolar fricative • uppercase is 01B7 → (latin small letter yogh - 021D) → (ounce sign - 2125)

Add “dram”. Add “Skolt Sámi”. I would like to see the “= LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH” deleted here since it is now confusing, but it depends if you really need to support the history.

0295 LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE = LATIN LETTER REVERSED • voiced pharyngeal fricative • ain → (latin small letter ezh reversed - 01B9) → (modifier letter reversed glottal stop - 02C1)

Note that there is an actual LATIN LETTER AIN used in Uralic transcription (not yet in UCS). Say “used to represent Arabic ain” or something.

0298 LATIN LETTER = LATIN LETTER BULLSEYE → (circled dot operator - 2299)

Add: “The bilabial click is the sound of a kiss.”

0299 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B • bilabial trill Add: “The bilabial trill is the sound Bill the cat makes.” (, ha, ha. It’s not true, actually, since Bill’s sound is interlabio-lingual. The bilabial trill is actually the sound children make when imitating motorboat engines in the bath. Personally I think this is the kind of information readers of the Unicode standard really want.)

02A3 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ • voiced dental affricate 02A4 LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH • voiced postalveolar affricate 02A5 LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL • voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 02A6 LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH • voiceless dental affricate 02A7 LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH • voiceless postalveolar affricate 02A8 LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL • voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate Currently, except for the new disturbed speech digraphs, the IPA recommends the use of two letters “dz” or possibly two letters with an overtie (0361) or undertie (not in UCS and missed by me when I drew up my IPA additions proposal) instead of the ligatures.

02B0 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H

Page 19 • aspiration ≈ 0068 I think this use of to indicate these is a very bad idea. Plain-text searches needs to be able to take these modifiers seriously. Indeed, MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U (not yet in the UCS) is used in the natural-language orthography of Montaignais in Canada. The use of for that letter would be inappropriate, as it is for all of these modifier letters.

02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME • primary stress, emphasis • transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization) → (apostrophe - 0027) → (acute accent - 00B4) → (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA) → (combining acute accent - 0301) → (greek numeral sign - 0374) → (prime - 2032)

Don’t say mjagkij znak; say SOFT SIGN (just as the UCS does).

02BA MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME • exaggerated stress, contrastive stress • transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic : no palatalization) → (quotation mark - 0022) → (combining - 030B) → (double prime - 2033)

Don’t say tvërdyj [sic] znak; say HARD SIGN (just as the UCS does).

02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE = apostrophe • glottal stop, glottalization, ejective; elision • spacing clone of Greek mark → (apostrophe - 0027) → (combining comma above - 0313) → (combining comma above right - 0315) → (armenian apostrophe - 055A) → (right single quotation mark - 2019)

Add: “Many languages, such as Nenets, Ukrainian, etc., use this as a letter of the alphabet”.

02C7 CARON (Mandarin Chinese third tone) = hacek If you use the term it must be spelled correctly, namely hácˇek.

02D0 MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR • length mark 02D1 MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON • half-length mark You might want to refer to 003A and 00B7 here.

@ Additions based on 1989 IPA 02DE MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK • rhotacization in vowel • often ligated: 025A = 0259 + 02DE; 025D = 025C + 02DE

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

Page 20 I have added the note you should use.

02DF MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ABOVE • Swedish phonetics ======

02EA MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK 02EB MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK The glyphs for these are too small.

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

02EC LATIN LETTER VOICING 0223 LATIN LETTER ASPIRATED 0224 LATIN LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE • Nenets ======

0304 COMBINING MACRON = long • distinguish from the following → (macron - 00AF) → (modifier letter macron - 02C9) 0305 COMBINING OVERLINE = overscore • connects on left and right → (macron - 00AF)

What do we do about the LONGUM, which is longer than a macron but I am not sure if it connects on left and right?

0307 COMBINING DOT ABOVE = derivative • IPA (unofficial): palatalization → (dot above - 02D9)

Say “derivative (in mathematics)”. What is the authority for “IPA (unofficial)”?

0309 COMBINING • kerns left or right of circumflex over vowels • Vietnamese tone mark → (modifier letter glottal stop - 02C0)

Correct. I have Vietnamese sources showing kerning on either side.

030C COMBINING CARON = hacek, V above If you use the term it must be spelled correctly, namely hácˇek. Say “V above in ”.

030F COMBINING DOUBLE • Serbocroatian Say “Serbian and Croatian poetics”.

0312 COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE = cedilla above Page 21 • Latvian → (modifier letter turned comma - 02BB)

Used in Latvian with small letter g. But I am told that this is a proscribed decomposition.

0323 COMBINING DOT BELOW • IPA: closer variety of vowel • Americanist: retraction or retroflexion • Semiticist: velarization or pharyngealization • Vietnamese tone mark → (modifier letter up tack - 02D4)

Say “Americanist and Indo-Europeanist”

0326 COMBINING COMMA BELOW • variant of the following This is not true. Delete this note. Say “Used with Romanian, Latvian, Livonian letters”.

0327 COMBINING CEDILLA Say “Used with French, Azerbaijani, Turkish letters”.

0328 COMBINING OGONEK • Americanist: nasalization → (ogonek - 02DB)

Add “Used with Lakota, Lithuanian, Navajo, Polish letters”

0329 COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW • IPA: syllabic • Yoruba → (modifier letter low vertical line - 02CC)

I am glad you are using this combining mark for Yorùbá.

032C COMBINING CARON BELOW • IPA: voiced • Hittite Please substantiate this comment on Hittite.

032F COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW • Americanist: fronted articulation (variant of 032D) • Indo-European: semivowel Say “Indo-Europeanist”.

0333 COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE = double underline, double • connects on left and right → (double low line - 2017)

Add cross reference to 0347.

@ Additions What good is this remark?

033E COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE • Cyrillic palatalization

Page 22 → (combining cyrillic palatalization - 0484)

Can you substantiate this comment?

0340 COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK (Vietnamese) • kerns left of circumflex over vowels á 0300 combining grave accent

Incorrect. I have Vietnamese sources showing kerning on either side.

0341 COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK (Vietnamese) • kerns right of circumflex over vowels á 0301 combining acute accent

Correct. I have Vietnamese sources showing kerning only on the right side.

0343 COMBINING GREEK KORONIS á 0313 combining comma above

Apparently there is a grammatical reason for not equivalincing them.

0374 GREEK NUMERAL SIGN (Dexia keraia) = dexia keraia • for numeric use of letters → (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA) á 02B9 modifier letter prime

Say “indicates numeric use of letters”

0375 GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN (Aristeri keraia) = aristeri keraia • for numeric use of letters → (modifier letter low acute accent - 02CF)

Say “indicates numeric use of letters”

037E GREEK (Erotimatiko) = erotimatiko • sentence-final punctuation → (question mark - 003F) á 003B

Compare with the non-equivalencing of Armanian comma 0589.

0386 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS The tonos is very badly placed. In general the Greek font has a very, very uneven feel, and I don’t think that it is suitable for printing ISO/IEC 10646. The capital letters are OK, but the small letters are not very satisfactory.

0387 GREEK ANO TELEIA → (middle dot - 00B7) á 00B7 middle dot

Compare with the non-equivalencing of Armanian comma 0589. Why do you both cross reference and equivalence here?

03B2 GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA → (latin small letter sharp s - 00DF) → (latin small letter b with stroke - 0180)

Page 23 Glyph should not have a serif. Compare the glyph used for small letter eta.

03B4 GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA Join of glyph’s bowl with the ascender is clumsy and uneven.

03BA GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA I dislike this kappa very much.

03C0 GREEK SMALL LETTER PI • math constant 3.1415•92...

You can, of course, use the here. I do not, however, understand why – or how – you have placed WEST CREE WOO between the 5 and the 9.

03C2 GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA I dislike this final sigma very much. Why doesn’t it have the same tail as zeta and xi?

03C4 GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU This tau makes me ill. I can’t imagine what this tau would look like in text, but I bet it would be pretty awful.

03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI → (latin small letter phi - 0278)

The vertical in this phi is far too thin.

03C7 GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI This chi looks really flimsy and gutless.

03C8 GREEK SMALL LETTER The vertical in this psi is far too thin.

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the note you should use.

02D7 GREEK KAI SYMBOL • used as an ======

@ Archaic letters 03DA GREEK LETTER STIGMA The head and the tail of this stigma are both incorrect.

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

02DB GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA ======

03DC GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA

Page 24 The serif on this digamma is incorrect.

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

02DD GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA ======

03DE GREEK LETTER This koppa is unrecognizable. The -looking one should be used.

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

02DF GREEK SMALL LETTER QOPPA ======

03E0 GREEK LETTER SAMPI The stems of this sampi are inauthentic.

======NEW ENTRY FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

02E1 GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI ======

@ Coptic-unique letters 03E2 COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI 03E3 COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI 03E4 COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI 03E5 COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI 03E6 COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI 03E7 COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI 03E8 COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI 03E9 COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI 03EA COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA 03EB COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA 03EC COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA 03ED COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA 03EE COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI 03EF COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI A proper Coptic font should be used for the Coptic letters. I will try to provide one.

03F0 GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL = GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT KAPPA • used as technical symbol This chi looks really flimsy and gutless.

03F1 GREEK RHO SYMBOL = GREEK SMALL LETTER TAILED RHO • used as technical symbol This rho is very crude.

Page 25 03F2 GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL = GREEK SMALL LETTER LUNATE SIGMA This lunate sigma is not authentic at all.

0406 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I → (cyrillic letter palochka - 04C0)

Add cross references to latin capital letter I 0049, vertical line 007C, and roman numeral one 2160.

0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U → (cyrillic capital letter - 0478) → (cyrillic small letter straight u - 04AF)

UK is really a ligature you know.

0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE → (latin small letter tone six - 0185)

This note does not belong here. You have unified the TONE THREE with this ZE. This was a mistake.

0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE → (latin small letter tone six - 0185)

This note does not belong here. You have unified the TONE FOUR with this CHE. This was a mistake.

044C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN → (latin small letter tone six - 0185)

This note should appear also at 0185. You did the right thing here, not unifying the LATIN TONE SIX with this SOFT SIGN.

0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO • Russian, ... Say “Russian”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0454 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE = Old Cyrillic yest • Ukrainian, ... Delete the second note, as the name provides this information. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I = Old Cyrillic i • Ukrainian, Byelorussian, ... Delete the second note, as the name provides this information. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0458 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER • Serbian, Azerbaijan, Altaic Say “Serbian, Azerbaijani, Altay”

045E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER (Byelorussian) • Byelorussian, Uzbek, ...

Page 26 Say “Byelorussian, Uzbek”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0478 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK 0479 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK UK is useless as a digraph like this, it is a ligature looking like a figure 8. Both O-Y and 8 appear in OCS texts. Maybe we should look into this.

0462 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER 0463 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT Add “Old Russian, Kildin Sámi”

0480 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA 0481 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA These glyphs are suspect. They look like stigmas, not koppas. Are there any sources for these characters?

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE

0487 COMBINING CYRILLIC TEN THOUSANDS SIGN 0488 COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN ======

@ Extended Cyrillic In general the glyphs for ordinary Cyrillic are OK, but many of the glyphs for Extended Cyrillic are really not authentic. A different font should be used.

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

048E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WITH TICK 048F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK • Kildin Sámi ======

0493 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE • Azerbaijani, Bashkir, ... • full bar form preferred Say “Azerbaijani, Bashkir”. Do not use ellipses in these notes. Say “full barred form preferred over half-barred “F”-type.

0495 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK • Abkhasian, Yakut The serif on the glyph is inauthentic.

0497 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WITH DESCENDER • Tatar, ... Say “Tatar”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0498 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER

Page 27 0499 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER • Bashkir • cedilla form preferred I confirm from Bashkir newspaper here that the “cedilla form of the descender is preferred”. (But it is not actually a cedilla, it is more a reversed ogonek, and not exactly that either.) The glyph used is incorrect.

049B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WITH DESCENDER • Abkhasian, Tajik, ... Say “Abkhasian, Tajik”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

049D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER • Azerbaijan

Say “Azerbaijani”/

04A1 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA • Bashkir

Delete the note. The name provides this information.

04A3 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WITH DESCENDER • Bashkir, ... Say “Bashkir”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

04A5 CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE • Altaic, Mari, Yakut Say “Altay”

04A9 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA • Abkhasian

Delete the note. The name provides this information.

04AA CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER 04AB CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER • Bashkir, Chuvash • cedilla form preferred I confirm from Bashkir newspaper and a Chuvash dictionary here that the “cedilla form of the descender is preferred”. (But it is not actually a cedilla, it is more a reversed ogonek, and not exactly that either.) The glyph used is incorrect.

04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U • stem is straight, unlike LETTER U • Azerbaijan, Bashkir, ... → (cyrillic capital letter u - 0423)

Say “Azerbaijani, Bashkir”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

04B3 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER • Abkhasian, Tajik, ... Say “Abkhasian, Tajik”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

Page 28 04B4 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE (Abkhasian) 04B5 CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE (Abkhasian) • Abkhasian

Add: “This is not a decomposable ligature”.

04B9 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE • Azerbaijan Say “Azerbaijani”.

04BA CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER 04BB CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA • basically just a Latin "h", but uppercase form 04BA is closer to an inverted che (0427) • Azerbaijan, Bashkir, ... → (latin small letter h - 0068)

Say “originally derived from Latin “h”, but uppercase form 04BA is closer to an inverted che (0427)”. Say “Azerbaijani, Bashkir”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

04BC CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE 04BD CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE • Abkhasian • represents a "che" Delete both notes, as the name provides this information.

04BE CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN 04BF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER • Abkhasian • ogonek form preferred Delete the first note, as the name provides this information.

04C0 CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA • aspiration sign in many Caucasian languages • has no "lowercase form", i.e. is case-invariant → (cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian i - 0406)

Add cross references to latin capital letter I 0049, vertical line 007C, cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian i 0406, and capital roman numeral one 2160.

04C5 → (cyrillic capital letter - 049A) 04C6 → (cyrillic small letter ka with descender - 049B)

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

04C5 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WITH DESCENDER 04C6 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER • Kildin Sámi ======

04C7 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER The terminal is inauthentic.

Page 29 04C9 → (cyrillic capital letter ha with descender - 04B2) 04CA → (cyrillic small letter ha with descender - 04B3)

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

04C9 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WITH DESCENDER 04CA CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH DESCENDER • Kildin Sámi ======

04CC CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE • Khakassian ======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

04CD CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM WITH DESCENDER 04CE CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM WITH DESCENDER • Kildin Sámi ======

04D4 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE á 00C6 latin capital letter ae

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04D5 CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE á 00E6 latin small letter ae

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04D8 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA á 018F latin capital letter schwa

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04D9 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA á 0259 latin small letter schwa

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04DA CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER á 018F 0308

Change to 04D8 0308

04DB CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS á 0259 0308

Change to 04D9 0308

04E0 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN á 01B7 latin capital letter ezh

Page 30 These are no longer being equivalenced.

04E1 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE á 0292 latin small letter ezh

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04E8 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O á 019F latin capital letter o with middle tilde

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04E9 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O á 0275 latin small letter barred o

These are no longer being equivalenced.

04EA CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS á 019F 0308

Change to 04E8 0308

04EB CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS á 0275 0308

Change to 04E9 0308

======NEW ENTRIES FOLLOWING THE LONDON MEETING HERE I have added the notes you should use.

04EC CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS 04ED CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS • Kildin Sámi ======

@@ 0530 Armenian 058F The font is not the best one could use for Armenian. It is rather irregular in weight. One of the sloped fonts would be more normal. I can provide one being used by Armenian manuscript specialists with good contacts in Armenia.

0559 ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING → (modifier letter reversed comma - 02BD) → (modifier letter left half ring - 02BF) → (combining reversed comma above - 0314)

This is not a real Armenian character.

055A ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE = ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING → (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC) → (modifier letter right half ring - 02BE) → (combining comma above - 0313)

This may not be a real Armenian character, or at least the glyph may not be correct.

055D ARMENIAN COMMA = boot

Page 31 → (modifier letter grave accent - 02CB)

Say “bowt” not “boot”.

0589 ARMENIAN = vertsaket • may also be used for Georgian → (colon - 003A)

Why equivalence GREEK QUESTION MARK to SEMICOLON and GREEK ANO TELEIA with MIDDLE DOT and then not ARMENIAN FULL STOP and COLON?

067E ARABIC LETTER PEH • Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0686 ARABIC LETTER TCHEH • Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

0698 ARABIC LETTER JEH • Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

06A9 ARABIC LETTER KEHEH • Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

06AA ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF • (various) Delete note.

06AD ARABIC LETTER NG • Uighur, Kazakh, old Malay, ... Say “Uighur, Kazakh, old Malay”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

06AF ARABIC LETTER GAF • Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH • Arabic, Persian, Urdu, ... Say “Arabic, Farsi, Urdu”. Do not use ellipses in these notes.

@@ 10A0 Georgian 10FF @ Khutsuri @+ This is the archaic uppercase alphabet.

Say “This is the upper case of the old ecclesiastical alphabet.”

@ Mkhedruli @+ This is the modern alphabet, and was used as an archaic lowercase.

Page 32 Say “This is the modern secular alphabet, which has no capital letters. Khutsuri fonts use these positions with lower-case Khutsuri glyphs (except for 10F6, which does not exist in Khutsuri)”.

@@ 13A0 Cherokee 13FF Please use Al Webster’s Cherokee font. That is the one which was ballotted in WG2. Al was killed in a car accident last September. I will supply this to you.

166D CANADIAN SYLLABICS CHI SIGN

Add: "@ Punctuation"

166E CANADIAN SYLLABICS FULL STOP

Add: "@ Syllables"

@@ 1680 169F @ Punctuation 1680 OGHAM MARK

Add “glyph to be blank in “stemless” style fonts”.

@ Letters

Say: “Traditional letters”

1681 OGHAM LETTER 1682 OGHAM LETTER 1683 OGHAM LETTER 1684 OGHAM LETTER 1685 OGHAM LETTER 1686 OGHAM LETTER UATH 1687 OGHAM LETTER 1688 OGHAM LETTER 1689 OGHAM LETTER 168A OGHAM LETTER 168B OGHAM LETTER 168C OGHAM LETTER 168D OGHAM LETTER NGEADAL 168E OGHAM LETTER 168F OGHAM LETTER 1690 OGHAM LETTER 1691 OGHAM LETTER 1692 OGHAM LETTER UR 1693 OGHAM LETTER EADHADH 1694 OGHAM LETTER IODHADH

Say: “ (Additional letters)”

1695 OGHAM LETTER EABHADH 1696 OGHAM LETTER OR 1697 OGHAM LETTER UILLEANN 1698 OGHAM LETTER IFIN 1699 OGHAM LETTER EAMHANCHOLL 169A OGHAM LETTER PEITH @ Punctuation

Page 33 Add “Used chiefly in the manuscript tradition”.

@@ 16A0 Runic 16FF @ Golden number 16EE RUNIC ARLAUG SYMBOL (golden number 17) 16EF RUNIC TVIMADUR SYMBOL (golden number 18) 16F0 RUNIC BELGTHOR SYMBOL (golden number 19)

The parentheticals should be made into Unicode comments.

@@ 1E00 Latin Extended Additional 1EFF

1E03 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1E0B LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1E0D LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW á 0064 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter dda 0921”

1E10 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

1E11 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA Add “Livonian”. The glyph is incorrect. It must be a comma below.

1E1F LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1E25 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW á 0068 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter 0903”

1E2B LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW á 0068 032E

Add “Semitic transliteration”.

1E37 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW á 006C 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter vocalic l 090C”

1E39 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON á 1E37 0304

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter vocalic 0961”

1E3B LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW á 006C 0331

Page 34 Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ tamil letter llla 0BB4”

1E41 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1E43 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW á 006D 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter 0902”

1E45 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE á 006E 0307

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter nga 0919”

1E47 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW á 006E 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter nna 0923”

1E49 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW á 006E 0331

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ tamil letter nnna 0BA9”

1E57 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE á 0070 0307

Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1E5B LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW á 0072 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter vocalic r 090B”

1E5D LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON á 1E5B 0304

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter vocalic rr 0960”

1E5F LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW á 0072 0331

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ tamil letter rra 0BB1”

1E61 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

á 0053 0323 1E63 LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter ssa 0937”

1E6B LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE Add “Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

Page 35 1E6D LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW á 0074 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ devanagari letter tta 091F”

1E6F LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW á 0074 0331

Add “Semitic transliteration”.

1E81 LATIN SMALL LETTER WITH GRAVE á 0077 0300

Add “• Welsh”

1E83 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH ACUTE á 0077 0301

Add “• Welsh”

1E85 LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS á 0077 0308

Add “• Welsh”

1E93 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW á 007A 0323

Add “Indic transliteration”. Add “→ tamil letter llla 0BB4”

1E95 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW á 007A 0331

Add “Semitic transliteration”.

1E96 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH LINE BELOW á 0068 0331

Add “Semitic transliteration”.

1E9B LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DOT ABOVE Add “variant of LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE in Irish Gaelic (old orthography)”

1EA6 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE I would rather see the grave on the other side of the circumflex. This is what is in the books I have from Viet Nam. The same goes for 1E67, 1EC0, 1EC1, 1ED2, and 1ED3.

1EC9 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE Why does this letter have a dot?

1EF3 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE á 0079 0300

Add “• Welsh”

@@ 1F00 Greek Extended 1FFF

Page 36 @ Precomposed polytonic Greek General comments for unsatisfactory Greek font apply to all of these. The position of PROSGEGRAMMENI is incorrect. The glyph for IFBE is not a PROSGEGRAMMENI.

@@ 2000 General Punctuation 206F There are new characters at 202F, 2948-204D, and 204F. The character in the draft at 2047 has been moved.

@ Spaces The 10646 convention of showing the widths of the spaces is preferable than what you have here.

200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER = ZWNJ ("zwinj")

Add “rhymes with ‘hinge’”.

200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER = ZWJ ("zawj")

Add “rhymes with ‘lodge’”.

2013 EN DASH

Add “may be used in pairs, flanked by spaces, to offset parenthetical text”.

203D INTERROBANG → (question mark - 003F)

Add reference to EXCLAMATION MARK 0021.

20A0 EURO-CURRENCY SIGN • historical character derived from Xerox Character Code Standard → (euro sign - 20AC)

Add “• = ECU, not euro.”.

20AC EURO SIGN • currency sign for the European Monetary Union → (euro-currency sign - 20A0)

Are you kidding? Absolutely you must use the official glyph for the EURO SIGN in the UCS. Also add “• = euro, not ECU”.

20AD KIP SIGN • Laos @@ 20D0 Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols 20FF @ Combining diacritical marks for symbols

Add 204E TUGRIK SIGN and prepare to add 204F DRACHMA SIGN.

@Combining diacritical marks for symbols.

These glyphs are pretty awful, as they do not centre properly. You should use precomposed ones Page 37 for the book.

@

The glyphs should probably be revised especially if general Latin is revised (which it must be). DOUBLE-STRUCK Q isn’t printing correctly.

2116 NUMERO SIGN ≈ 004E 006F

Change the glyph so that the o is higher (Nº). I would personally rather see the Cyrillic glyph here.

Add SIDEWAYS Q 201A.

212A KELVIN SIGN = degrees Kelvin á 004B latin capital letter k

I have never understood why the glyphs at °C 2103 and °F 2109 but °K 212A does not. One says “degrees Celsius”, “degrees Fahrenheit”, and “degrees Kelvin”. Please either explain this or add a degree sign to the glyph.

@ 2160 ROMAN NUMERAL ONE ≈ 0049 latin capital letter i

Add cross references to latin capital letter I 0049, vertical line 007C, cyrillic capital letter byelorussian-ukrainian i 0406, and cyrillic palochka 04C0.

2180 ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D

Decomposition: 216D 2160 2183 CIð

2181 ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND

Decomposition: 2160 2183 2183 Cðð

2182 ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND

Glyph incorrect. Decomposition: 216D 216D 2160 2183 2183 CCIðð. Add 2183 ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED

21EA UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR = caps lock

Change the glyph so that its total length is the length of 21E7 (i.e. shorten the main arrow that much).

2227 LOGICAL AND = wedge 2228 LOGICAL OR = vee 2229 INTERSECTION = cap Page 38 222A UNION = cup These are the normal ones. Cf. the ISO math standard.

22C0 N-ARY LOGICAL AND 22C1 N-ARY LOGICAL OR 22C2 N-ARY INTERSECTION 22C3 N-ARY UNION

These are the big ones, not the bold ones. Cf. the ISO math standard.

2320 TOP HALF INTEGRAL 2321 BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL These are too small.

@ APL Please explain what APL is because people don’t know.

237C SQUARE WAVE Delete this.

2385 WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE Glyph missing.

2396 XXX DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL Glyph missing.

2425 SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO This glyph isn’t correct, is it? I thought it was ///. Add 2426 SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO ?

2603 SNOWMAN = snowy weather

Glyph is dreadful. His head is lighter than his body. Where is his hat? Why does he have a smiley face and not a block of coal for his mouth?

2604 COMET

Glyph too pale.

2607 LIGHTNING

Glyph too pale.

2608 THUNDERSTORM

Glyph too pale.

2613 SALTIRE

Page 39 = St. Andrew's Cross → (ballot x - 2717)

Add 2619 REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART

2651 CAPRICORN

Glyph is not authentic. You should get nicer astrological signs I think.

2662 WHITE DIAMOND SUIT

Glyph too small, needs to be same as other suits.

2664 WHITE SPADE SUIT

Glyph broken.

2666 BLACK DIAMOND SUIT

Glyph too small, needs to be same as other suits.

2669 QUARTER NOTE

Glyph too small, needs to be same as 266B and 266C.

266A EIGHTH NOTE

Glyph too small, needs to be same as 266B and 266C.

@@ 2800 Patterns 28FF Are you using my font? It was ballotted. The font you are using seems a bit small.

FB00 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF FB01 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI FB02 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL FB03 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI FB04 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL FB05 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T FB06 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST Glyphs should be improved in general; the glyph for the long st and the st ligatures are rather bad.

FB13 ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN NOW FB14 ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN ECH FB15 ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN INI FB16 ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE VEW NOW FB17 ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN XEH Glyphs should be improved to a more standard Armenian font, as mentioned above.

FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER • used to replace incoming characters whose values are unknown or unrepresentable in Unicode

Is this true, or is it really to show unshowable things?

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