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Mount Clemens Sea Scouts and SC
Mount Clemens Public Library Local History Sketches The Mount Clemens Sea Scouts and Sub-Chaser SC-227 (©2008 by Mount Clemens Public Library. All rights reserved.) Photo courtesy of The Macomb Daily uring the summer of 1927, Mount Clemens became home port to a World War I submarine chaser, Dand some local boys had the adventure of a lifetime while bringing the ship to town. When the Boy Scouts of America offered a program called Sea Scouts, designed for older boys, the Macomb County Boy Scout Council organized a Sea Scout unit in Mount Clemens under the direction of naval reserve commander William J. Marshall. Commander Marshall used his influence with the Navy to arrange the purchase of a decommissioned submarine chaser, hull number SC-227, for use as a training ship for the Mount Clemens Sea Scouts. Marshall organized a group of community leaders as the Mount Clemens Yacht Club, which paid the $1000 purchase price and turned the vessel over to the Sea Scouts. In exchange, each member of the Yacht Club was a shareholder in the ship and guaranteed at least one trip per season aboard the SC-227. The Mount Clemens Sea Scouts, under Commander Marshall, left Mount Clemens for Washington D.C. by bus on June 30, 1927. The bus was provided by the Mount Clemens Yacht Club to transport the boys to the Washington Navy Yard, where the ship awaited them. Sea Scouts making the trip were Emory Nunneley, Jr., Philip Lutes, Carl Hirt, William Koehler, Russell Rooney, Donald Hatzenbuhler, William Elkin, Donald Stuart, Roy Martin, and James Nunneley. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
World War II at Sea This Page Intentionally Left Blank World War II at Sea
World War II at Sea This page intentionally left blank World War II at Sea AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume I: A–K Dr. Spencer C. Tucker Editor Dr. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Associate Editor Dr. Eric W. Osborne Assistant Editor Vincent P. O’Hara Assistant Editor Copyright 2012 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World War II at sea : an encyclopedia / Spencer C. Tucker. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59884-457-3 (hardcopy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-458-0 (ebook) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations— Encyclopedias. I. Tucker, Spencer, 1937– II. Title: World War Two at sea. D770.W66 2011 940.54'503—dc23 2011042142 ISBN: 978-1-59884-457-3 EISBN: 978-1-59884-458-0 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America To Malcolm “Kip” Muir Jr., scholar, gifted teacher, and friend. This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Editor ix Editorial Advisory Board xi List of Entries xiii Preface xxiii Overview xxv Entries A–Z 1 Chronology of Principal Events of World War II at Sea 823 Glossary of World War II Naval Terms 831 Bibliography 839 List of Editors and Contributors 865 Categorical Index 877 Index 889 vii This page intentionally left blank About the Editor Spencer C. -
Up from Kitty Hawk Chronology
airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology AIR FORCE Magazine's Aerospace Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk PART ONE PART TWO 1903-1979 1980-present 1 airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk 1903-1919 Wright brothers at Kill Devil Hill, N.C., 1903. Articles noted throughout the chronology provide additional historical information. They are hyperlinked to Air Force Magazine's online archive. 1903 March 23, 1903. First Wright brothers’ airplane patent, based on their 1902 glider, is filed in America. Aug. 8, 1903. The Langley gasoline engine model airplane is successfully launched from a catapult on a houseboat. Dec. 8, 1903. Second and last trial of the Langley airplane, piloted by Charles M. Manly, is wrecked in launching from a houseboat on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. Dec. 17, 1903. At Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C., Orville Wright flies for about 12 seconds over a distance of 120 feet, achieving the world’s first manned, powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air machine. The Wright brothers made four flights that day. On the last, Wilbur Wright flew for 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet. (Three days earlier, Wilbur Wright had attempted the first powered flight, managing to cover 105 feet in 3.5 seconds, but he could not sustain or control the flight and crashed.) Dawn at Kill Devil Jewel of the Air 1905 Jan. 18, 1905. The Wright brothers open negotiations with the US government to build an airplane for the Army, but nothing comes of this first meeting. -
4 Convoy Presentation Final V1.1
ALLIED CONVOY OPERATIONS IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC 1939-43 INTRODUCTION • History of Allied convoy operations IS the history of the Battle of the Atlantic • Scope of this effort: convoy operations along major transatlantic convoy routes • Detailed overview • Focus on role of Allied intelligence in the Battle of the Atlantic OUTLINE • Convoy Operations in the First Battle of the Atlantic, 1914-18 • Anglo-Canadian Convoy Operations, September 1939 – September 1941 • Enter The Americans: Allied Convoy Operations, September 1941 – Fall 1942 • The Allied Convoy System Fully Realized: Allied Convoy Operations, Fall 1942 – Summer 1943 THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • 1914-17: No convoy operations § All vessels sailed independently • Kaiserliche Marine use of U-boats primarily focused on starving Britain into submission § Prize rules • February 1915: “Unrestricted submarine warfare” § May 7, 1915 – RMS Lusitania u U-20 u 1,198 dead – 128 Americans • February 1917: unrestricted submarine warfare resumed § Directly led to US entry into WWI THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • Unrestricted submarine warfare initially very effective § 25% of all shipping bound for Britain in March 1917 lost to U-boat attack • Transatlantic convoys instituted in May 1917 § Dramatically cut Allied losses • Post-war, Dönitz conceptualizes Rudeltaktik as countermeasure to convoys ANGLO-CANADIAN CONVOY OPERATIONS, SEPTEMBER 1939 – SEPTEMBER 1941 GERMAN U-BOAT FORCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR • On the outbreak of WWII, Hitler directed U-boat force -
ARTHUR EMIL HENRIKSEN One of the Positions on the Boat, So Perhaps He Had Training in That Area
near the Great Lakes. It is not known if he MILITARY HISTORY OF had additional training for a specific job, but it is very likely. After the war he worked the rest of his life as a machinist, which was ARTHUR EMIL HENRIKSEN one of the positions on the boat, so perhaps he had training in that area. When Art joined the Navy, much of the world had already been at war for 4 years in st On June 29, 1943, 8 ½ months after his a battle that began in Europe on the 1 of enlistment, he was assigned to the new December 1939. boat, PC-1262, along with 58 other crewmembers, which was commissioned in The USA had entered WWII on 7 Dec 1941, New Orleans, LA. as result of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On the 19 of December, 12 days later, a The PC-1262 was a ship built by Leathem draft was enacted that required all males D Smith Shipbuilding in Sturgeon Bay, from age 18-64 be registered. One year WI. Many of the PC’s were built in an later, on December 5, 1942, a drawing was assembly line, which allowed them to be held to determine the order that people who completed in about 1 week. Even so, though had not previously joined the armed forces, each PC was similar to the others, each was would be called up. an individual, and not a clone of another. A PC, or “Patrol Craft,” was 1/10 the size of a Art worked on his parent’s family farm near destroyer and could maneuver more quickly Dike, Iowa as a laborer, working 60 hours a and with its shallow draft (6 feet 2.5 inches), week with his brother Harry Henriksen and it functioned easily in as little as 10 feet of might have been considered exempt from water, allowing it to pass into much tighter military service. -
Ships Built by the Charlestown Navy Yard
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Boston National Historical Park Charlestown Navy Yard Ships Built By The Charlestown Navy Yard Prepared by Stephen P. Carlson Division of Cultural Resources Boston National Historical Park 2005 Author’s Note This booklet is a reproduction of an appendix to a historic resource study of the Charlestown Navy Yard, which in turn was a revision of a 1995 supplement to Boston National Historical Park’s information bulletin, The Broadside. That supplement was a condensation of a larger study of the same title prepared by the author in 1992. The information has been derived not only from standard published sources such as the Naval Historical Center’s multi-volume Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships but also from the Records of the Boston Naval Shipyard and the Charlestown Navy Yard Photograph Collection in the archives of Boston National Historical Park. All of the photographs in this publication are official U.S. Navy photographs from the collections of Boston National Historical Park or the Naval Historical Center. Front Cover: One of the most famous ships built by the Charlestown Navy Yard, the screw sloop USS Hartford (IX-13) is seen under full sail in Long Island Sound on August 10, 1905. Because of her role in the Civil War as Adm. David Glasgow Farragut’s flagship, she was routinely exempted from Congressional bans on repairing wooden warships, although she finally succumbed to inattention when she sank at her berth on November 20, 1956, two years short of her 100th birthday. BOSTS-11370 Appendix B Ships Built By The Navy Yard HIS APPENDIX is a revised and updated version of “Ships although many LSTs and some other ships were sold for conver- Built by the Charlestown Navy Yard, 1814-1957,” which sion to commercial service. -
Merekaitseliit 1933-1940/1992-2015
MEREKAITSELIIT 1933–1940 / 1992–2015 Tallinn 2015 Väljaandja: Kaitseliit Koostaja: Tanel Lään Keelenõu: Piret Pääsuke Toimetaja: major Tanel Rütman Küljendus: Arielle Carroll Kaane kujundus: Erkki Pung Trükk: Hepter Grupp OÜ Esikaanel: Kaitseliidu Narva maleva „Nordost“ Merekaitseliidu 1937. a. sügisõppusel. Ringis: Kaitseliidu Saaremaa maleva pealik kolonelleitnant Kristjan Moora lööb naela Meremalevkonna lipu vardasse, tema selja taga kapten Jaen Teär 23. juunil 2014. Tagakaanel: Signalistid lähevad võistluspaika Narva-Jõesuus 1939. a. juu- nis. Õppetund mootoriklassis mereüksuste pealikute kursusel 1938. aastal. Veeteede Ameti hüdrograafialaev ja AS PKL vedurlaev „Helmut Kanter“ 2006. a. võidupühal Küdema lahel ISBN 978-9949-9443-1-6 Eessõna Hea Lugeja! Sa hoiad käes raamatut, mis püüab linnulennult anda ülevaate Kaitseliidu meren- dusalasest tegevusest läbi aegade. Algmaterjalina on käesoleva väljaande esimeses osas kasutatud lisaks vähestele arhiivimaterjalidele kirjandust, mälestusi, intervjuusid ja Kaitseliidu ajakirja Kaitse Kodu! ning malevate Teated 1930-1940. aastate numbreid. Viimastes aval- datud käskkirjad ja erinevad protokollid võimaldavad taastada suhteliselt täpselt Merekaitseliidu tolleaegse kronoloogia. Olukirjeldusi õppustest ja tegemistest leidub aga ajakirjas Kaitse Kodu!. Käesolev kogumik annab hea ajaloolise ülevaate Eestis rannikukaitse arendami- seks tehtud ettepanekutest ja otsustest aastatel 1930-1940. Võrdlusena saa- me ülevaate ka sellest, mida me pärast taasiseseisvumist oleme samas valdkonnas tänaseks -
UK National Archives Or (Mainly) 39
Date: 20.04.2017 T N A _____ U.K. NATIONAL ARCHIVES (formerly known as the "PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE") NATIONAL ARCHIVES NATIONAL ARCHIVES Chancery Lane Ruskin Avenue London WC2A 1LR Kew Tel.(01)405 0741 Richmond Surrey TW9 4DU Tel.(01)876 3444 LIST OF FILES AT THE U.K. NATIONAL ARCHIVES, THE FORMER 'PRO' (PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE) FOR WHICH SOME INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE (IN MOST CASES JUST THE RECORD-TITLE) OR FROM WHICH COPIES WERE ALREADY OBTAINED. FILES LISTED REFER MAINLY TO DOCUMENTS WHICH MIGHT BE USEFUL TO A PERSON INTERESTED IN GERMAN WARSHIPS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND RELATED SUBJECTS. THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE. RECORDS LISTED MAY BE SEEN ONLY AT THE NA, KEW. THERE ARE LEAFLETS (IN THE LOBBY AT KEW) ON MANY OF THE MOST POPULAR SUBJECTS OF STUDY. THESE COULD BE CHECKED ALSO TO SEE WHICH CLASSES OF RECORDS ARE LIKELY TO BE USEFUL. * = Please check the separate enclosure for more information on this record. Checks by 81 done solely with regard for attacks of escort vessels on Uboats. GROUP LIST ADM - ADMIRALTY ADM 1: Admiralty, papers of secretariat, operational records 7: Miscellaneous 41: Hired armed vessels, ships' muster books 51: HM surface ship's logs, till ADM54 inclusive 91: Ships and vessels 92: Signalling 93: Telecommunications & radio 116: Admiralty, papers of secretariat, operational records 136: Ship's books 137: Historical section 138: Ships' Covers Series I (transferred to NMM, Greenwhich) 173: HM submarine logs 177: Navy list, confidential edition 178: Sensitive Admiralty papers (mainly court martials) 179: Portsmouth -
The Cold War and Beyond
Contents Puge FOREWORD ...................... u 1947-56 ......................... 1 1957-66 ........................ 19 1967-76 ........................ 45 1977-86 ........................ 81 1987-97 ........................ 117 iii Foreword This chronology commemorates the golden anniversary of the establishment of the United States Air Force (USAF) as an independent service. Dedicated to the men and women of the USAF past, present, and future, it records significant events and achievements from 18 September 1947 through 9 April 1997. Since its establishment, the USAF has played a significant role in the events that have shaped modem history. Initially, the reassuring drone of USAF transports announced the aerial lifeline that broke the Berlin blockade, the Cold War’s first test of wills. In the tense decades that followed, the USAF deployed a strategic force of nuclear- capable intercontinental bombers and missiles that deterred open armed conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. During the Cold War’s deadly flash points, USAF jets roared through the skies of Korea and Southeast Asia, wresting air superiority from their communist opponents and bringing air power to the support of friendly ground forces. In the great global competition for the hearts and minds of the Third World, hundreds of USAF humanitarian missions relieved victims of war, famine, and natural disaster. The Air Force performed similar disaster relief services on the home front. Over Grenada, Panama, and Libya, the USAF participated in key contingency actions that presaged post-Cold War operations. In the aftermath of the Cold War the USAF became deeply involved in constructing a new world order. As the Soviet Union disintegrated, USAF flights succored the populations of the newly independent states. -
Issue 5 Alumni & Affiliates Newsletter
Manchester & Salford Universities Royal Naval Unit M&S URNU Issue 5 Alumni & Affiliates Newsletter Message from the Boss Issue 5 I can hardly believe it’s been contractors and our own to find our sea legs again and July 2013 six months since I last took engineers have delivered the visit some of our most loved the opportunity to write in this most up to date and capable ports whilst again achieving newsletter but in the I P2000 in the Royal Navy. the URNU Mission Statement. ntervening period, the unit Despite a lack of ship, the We will again return to a busy has been extremely busy and unit and it’ members have in autumn programme of has gone through immense no way been idle and this time recruiting and inducting new change. The greatest chal- has allowed us to strengthen members. The annual HMS BITER lenge of recent months has our links with the wider armed Trafalgar night dinner and a BFPO 229 undoubtedly been the forces. As you will read later hectic series of Sea Training M&S URNU extended maintenance period in this newsletter, members weekends. The busy University Barracks and re-engineering of HMS have travelled the length and academic term will culminate Boundary Lane MANCHESTER BITER. What began as a breadth of the world, on a in the Re-dedication of HMS M15 6DH simple 8 week overhaul and plethora of RN ships and BITER. This will be a huge engine replacement quickly yachts and we are all a little event, held at the Imperial T: 0161 237 3308 developed into a major fitter for the amount of sport War Museum North when we [email protected] project. -
Ship Hull Classification Codes
Ship Hull Classification Codes Warships USS Constitution, Maine, and Texas MSO Minesweeper, Ocean AKA Attack Cargo Ship MSS Minesweeper, Special (Device) APA Attack Transport PC Patrol Coastal APD High Speed Transport PCE Patrol Escort BB Battleship PCG Patrol Chaser Missile CA Gun Cruiser PCH Patrol Craft (Hydrofoil) CC Command Ship PF Patrol Frigate CG Guided Missile Cruiser PG Patrol Combatant CGN Guided Missile Cruiser (Nuclear Propulsion) PGG Patrol Gunboat (Missile) CL Light Cruiser PGH Patrol Gunboat (Hydrofoil) CLG Guided Missile Light Cruiser PHM Patrol Combatant Missile (Hydrofoil) CV Multipurpose Aircraft Carrier PTF Fast Patrol Craft CVA Attack Aircraft Carrier SS Submarine CVE Escort Aircraft Carrier SSAG Auxiliary Submarine CVHE Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier SSBN Ballistic Missile Submarine (Nuclear Powered) CVL Light Carrier SSG Guided Missile Submarine CVN Multipurpose Aircraft Carrier (Nuclear Propulsion) SSN Submarine (Nuclear Powered) CVS ASW Support Aircraft Carrier DD Destroyer DDG Guided Missile Destroyer DE Escort Ship DER Radar Picket Escort Ship DL Frigate EDDG Self Defense Test Ship FF Frigate FFG Guided Missile Frigate FFR Radar Picket Frigate FFT Frigate (Reserve Training) IX Unclassified Miscellaneous LCC Amphibious Command Ship LFR Inshore Fire Support Ship LHA Amphibious Assault Ship (General Purpose) LHD Amphibious Assault Ship (Multi-purpose) LKA Amphibious Cargo Ship LPA Amphibious Transport LPD Amphibious Transport Dock LPH Amphibious Assault Ship (Helicopter) LPR Amphibious Transport, Small LPSS Amphibious Transport Submarine LSD Dock Landing Ship LSM Medium Landing Ship LST Tank Landing Ship MCM Mine Countermeasure Ship MCS Mine Countermeasure Support Ship MHC Mine Hunter, Coastal MMD Mine Layer, Fast MSC Minesweeper, Coastal (Nonmagnetic) MSCO Minesweeper, Coastal (Old) MSF Minesweeper, Fleet Steel Hulled 10/17/03 Copyright (C) 2003.