Merekaitseliit 1933-1940/1992-2015
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4 Convoy Presentation Final V1.1
ALLIED CONVOY OPERATIONS IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC 1939-43 INTRODUCTION • History of Allied convoy operations IS the history of the Battle of the Atlantic • Scope of this effort: convoy operations along major transatlantic convoy routes • Detailed overview • Focus on role of Allied intelligence in the Battle of the Atlantic OUTLINE • Convoy Operations in the First Battle of the Atlantic, 1914-18 • Anglo-Canadian Convoy Operations, September 1939 – September 1941 • Enter The Americans: Allied Convoy Operations, September 1941 – Fall 1942 • The Allied Convoy System Fully Realized: Allied Convoy Operations, Fall 1942 – Summer 1943 THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • 1914-17: No convoy operations § All vessels sailed independently • Kaiserliche Marine use of U-boats primarily focused on starving Britain into submission § Prize rules • February 1915: “Unrestricted submarine warfare” § May 7, 1915 – RMS Lusitania u U-20 u 1,198 dead – 128 Americans • February 1917: unrestricted submarine warfare resumed § Directly led to US entry into WWI THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • Unrestricted submarine warfare initially very effective § 25% of all shipping bound for Britain in March 1917 lost to U-boat attack • Transatlantic convoys instituted in May 1917 § Dramatically cut Allied losses • Post-war, Dönitz conceptualizes Rudeltaktik as countermeasure to convoys ANGLO-CANADIAN CONVOY OPERATIONS, SEPTEMBER 1939 – SEPTEMBER 1941 GERMAN U-BOAT FORCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR • On the outbreak of WWII, Hitler directed U-boat force -
Issue 5 Alumni & Affiliates Newsletter
Manchester & Salford Universities Royal Naval Unit M&S URNU Issue 5 Alumni & Affiliates Newsletter Message from the Boss Issue 5 I can hardly believe it’s been contractors and our own to find our sea legs again and July 2013 six months since I last took engineers have delivered the visit some of our most loved the opportunity to write in this most up to date and capable ports whilst again achieving newsletter but in the I P2000 in the Royal Navy. the URNU Mission Statement. ntervening period, the unit Despite a lack of ship, the We will again return to a busy has been extremely busy and unit and it’ members have in autumn programme of has gone through immense no way been idle and this time recruiting and inducting new change. The greatest chal- has allowed us to strengthen members. The annual HMS BITER lenge of recent months has our links with the wider armed Trafalgar night dinner and a BFPO 229 undoubtedly been the forces. As you will read later hectic series of Sea Training M&S URNU extended maintenance period in this newsletter, members weekends. The busy University Barracks and re-engineering of HMS have travelled the length and academic term will culminate Boundary Lane MANCHESTER BITER. What began as a breadth of the world, on a in the Re-dedication of HMS M15 6DH simple 8 week overhaul and plethora of RN ships and BITER. This will be a huge engine replacement quickly yachts and we are all a little event, held at the Imperial T: 0161 237 3308 developed into a major fitter for the amount of sport War Museum North when we [email protected] project. -
BRIEF HISTORY of HMCS AMHERST the “Flower” Class
BRIEF HISTORY OF HMCS AMHERST The “Flower” Class corvette, HMCS AMHERST, pennant number K-148, was the first of three ships of the same class completed by the Saint John Drydock and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.1 Laid down on 25 May 1940, she was launched on 4 December the same year, Mrs. Frederick F. Mathers, wife of the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, sponsoring the ship.2 HMCS AMHERST may be justly called a “fighting ship.” Built quickly in a time of emergency, when ships were scare and the need great, she lived fully in a time of war and, with the coming of peace, vanished. Her’s was a lifetime of fire and peril when, it can be quite truthfully said, she did not know for months on end when the torpedoes which ended the lives of the merchant ships she shepherded and sometimes those of her mates, would come out of the dark night and destroy her too. Endurance trials for the corvette were held in July 1941 and acceptance trials on the 4th of the following month. On 5 August 1941, HMCS AMHERST was commissioned with Lieutenant-Commander A. K. Young, RCNR, as her first Commanding Officer.3 The ship was named after Amherst, the shire town of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. Earlier, this town had been called Les Planches by the French, but was given its present name in 1759 in honour of General Amherst, Commander-in-Chief of the forces in North America and, a year later, Governor-General of British North America. Even before she was commissioned, AMHERST became a special charge of the War Workers of the Toronto Evening Telegram. -
Avenger Class Escort Carrier
28 - Avenger Class EC Version 5 1 Avenger Class Escort Carrier [1] [2] [3] Commissioned Ships of class Ships lost HMS Avenger2 Mar 42 15 Nov 1942 (U 155 west of Gibraltar) HMS Biter May 42 HMS Dasher Jul 42 27 Mar 1943 (Internal explosion in the Clyde Estuary) HMS Charger3 Mar 42 HMS Dasher [4] 1 Lend lease vessels built in US and converted from merchantmen whilst still in build. US classification was BAVG and it was a modified US Long Island Class. 2 Avenger had no Island. 3 Retained in US and used for training of USN and FAA personnel. 1 28 - Avenger Class EC Version 5 HMS Dasher [4] HMS Dasher [4] Sea Hurricane Mk 1b, on lift of HMS Avenger, Sept 1942 [5] 2 28 - Avenger Class EC Version 5 HULL DATA Length (pp) Length (oa) 150.04 m [6] Beam 20.35 m [6] Full load displacement 9,144 tonne [1] Propulsion Machinery 4 x Diesel engines [6]4 1 shaft [6] 16.5 knots [6] 8,500 SHP [6] Complement 555 [6] 56 Aircraft 15 [6] ARMAMENT DATA Main Armament [6] 3 x 4 inch Single mountings [7]. 2 fwd and 1 aft. Secondary Armament [6] 15 x 20 mm 4 x twin mounting 7 x single mounting [7] 4” outload [8, p. C5] 330 rpg 990 20 mm outload 15,000 estimated Depth Charge [9, pp. a1-3] Mk II* 104 Torpedo outload [10, pp. 13, Oct 44] 18 inch 14 Demolition Charges [11, p. 95] Block TNT 1¼ lb 100 7 Bombs [12, p. -
Autumn 2017 Starshell ‘A Little Light on What’S Going On!’
Volume VII, No. 80, Autumn 2017 Starshell ‘A little light on what’s going on!’ Naval Association of Canada “The Barber Pole” The Flower-class corvette HMCS Sackville (Canada’s Naval Memorial) preserved and exhibited in Halifax, NS), displays the “barber pole” stripes on her stack indicating she was a member of the 5th Escort Squadron during the Battle of the Atlantic. Starshell For more information see “The Story of the Barber Pole” on page 47. Silent ISSN-1191-1166 Photo courtesy “For Posterity’s Sake” and “Wikipedia” National magazine of the Naval Association of Canada To make the Type 26 the world’s most Magazine nationale de L’Association Navale du Canada advanced anti-submarine frigate, we have www.navalassoc.ca made it exceptionally quiet by reducing the sound signature of its hull and In this edition… PATRON • HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh engines. It’s an essential advantage. HONORARY PRESIDENT • H. R. (Harry) Steele A Parting Note from your Editor 4 From the Bridge 4 PRESIDENT • Bill Conconi, [email protected] • The Front Desk 5 PAST PRESIDENT Jim Carruthers, [email protected] VICE PRESIDENT • Barry Walker, [email protected] The 2017 NAC Conference, St. John’s, Newfoundland 7 TREASURER • King Wan, [email protected] Starshell Editor Required Immediately 9 NAVAL AFFAIRS • Ian Parker, [email protected] Stong, Secure and Engaged 10 HISTORY & HERITAGE • Dr. Alec Douglas, [email protected] Request from the Naval Museum of Manitoba 13 HONORARY COUNSEL • Donald Grant, [email protected] Schober’s Quiz #77 15 ARCHIVIST • Richard Gimblett, [email protected] The Briefing Room 16 AUSN LIAISON • Fred F. -
World War TWO
WORCESTER’S WENT TO WAR World War TWO By TONY MASKELL OW Chapter One. 1939 and 1940 To those of you who were born 65 years ago (1945) World War II is somewhat academic, but the previous 6 years had a tremendous effect on your lives. The training ship HMS Worcester was to provide a large quantity of cadets (Though not from the actual ship during the war, but from Footscray Place ashore), who fought in that war all over the globe, from North Russian convoys, the Atlantic, North and South, to the Mediterranean and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Of the 1907 cadets that left HMS Worcester, over the period 1920 to 1945, 537 ex-cadets joined the Royal Navy in its various colours, that is RN 23%, RNR 58%, RNVR 9%, RCN 4%, RIN 2% with a few joining the RAN, RNZN And the Royal Marines, and 38 of them were killed in action. On land 128 ex-cadets joined the Army, with two KIA, the Airforce attracted 145 ex-cadets, of whom 10 died in action. While 20% of cadets remained at sea in the Merchant Navy, with 144 of them perishing at sea or in bombing raids on harbours in the UK and overseas. As it was in World War I, Great Britain suffered two disasters at the beginning of the conflict, the sinking of the Athenia on the first day, 3rd September 1939 didn’t help either which was the start of the longest battle, the Battle of the Atlantic which lasted until May 1945, 1933 days. -
Aeroplane Photo Supply Index APS Data 1000Aircraftphotos Known Page On-Line Archive No
Index August 29, 2021 UNDER CONTINUOUS CONSTRUCTION Aeroplane Photo Supply Index APS data 1000aircraftphotos known page on-line archive no. manufacturer model registration / remarks source 4864 no. 2030 2280 √ 1 Airspeed AS.10 Oxford Mk.I L4576 1 I 22+462030 1 - 2 Armstrong WhitworthA.W.38 Whitley B.Mk.IV - 1 P - - - √ 3 Avro 652A Anson Mk.I K6159 1 P 2400 1 - √ 4 Blackburn B-6 Shark Mk.I K4352 1 P 2401 1 - √ 5 Blackburn B-24 Skua Mk.II L2883 1 I 46 2402 1 - √ 6 Blackburn B-25 Roc Mk.I L3118 1 P 2031 1 - √ 7 Boulton Paul P.82 Defiant K8310 1 P 11756 1 - √ 8 Bristol 152 Beaufort B.Mk.I L4449 c/n 8310 1 P 2824 1 - √ 9 Bristol 149 Blenheim Mk.I K7037 1 P - - 1 √ 10 Bristol 149 Blenheim Mk.IV L4859 c/n 8874 1 I 46 2032 1 - √ 11 Bristol 130 Bombay Mk.II L5808 c/n SH.1 1 P 2681 1 - √ 12 de Havilland D.H.82A Tiger Moth R5130 c/n 83012 1 P 2403 1 - √ 13 Fairey Albacore Mk.I - 1 P 2033 1 - √ 14 Fairey Battle Mk.I K7650 c/n F.2408 1 I 22+462404 1 - √ 15 Fairey Seafox Mk.I K8587 c/n F.2285 1 P - - 1 √ 16 Fairey Swordfish Mk.I K5933 c/n F.2152 1 P - - 1 √ 17 Gloster Gladiator Mk.I K6132 1 P 2405 1 - √ 18 Gloster G.38 F.5/34 K5604 1 P 10985 1 - √ 19 Handley Page H.P.52 Hampden B.Mk.I L4159 1 P 2034 1 - √ 20 Handley Page H.P.52 Hereford B.Mk.I L6003 1 P 13355 1 - √ 21 Hawker P.V.3 I-PV3 1 P 2406 1 - √ 22 Hawker Henley TT.Mk.III L3261 1 P 7747 1 - √ 23 Hawker Hurricane Mk.I N2358, P2569, P2575, et al 1 P 2035 1 - √ 24 Saunders-Roe S.36 Lerwick Mk.I L7248 1 P 2407 1 - √ 25 Short S.19 Singapore Mk.III - 1 P 2408 1 - √ 26 Short S.25 Sunderland Mk.I L2163 -
U-Boat Loss Register.Xls
CU49 - U-boat Loss Register.xls Vessel Type Commander Date of Action Location " Victor " Officer Remarks U 556 VII C KL Herbert Wohlfarth 27-Jun-1941 60.24 N & 29.00 W H.M.S. Celandine Conflicting Note operational history. U 570 VII C KL Hans-Joachim Rahmlow 27-Aug-1941 62.15 N & 18.35 W 269 Squadron # S S/L J.H. Thompson Note operational history. LT. ( jg ) Robert B. Hopgood, U.S.N.R. # Note operational history. U 464 XIV KL Otto Harms 21-Aug-1942 61.25 N & 14.40 W VP(B)-73 # P-9 85575 Sunk on August 20, 1942 ? U 94 VII C OL Otto Ites 28-Aug-1942 17.40 N & 74.30 W VPB-92 # P-5 LT. Gordon Ralph Fiss, U.S.N. # 76509 Note operational history. U 619 VII C KL Kurt Makowski 5-Oct-1942 58.41 N & 22.58 W 269 Squadron # N F/O J. Markham Note operational history. LT. ( jg ) Gustav F. Swanson, U.S.N.R. # U-582 VII C KL Werner Schulte 5-Oct-1942 58.52 N & 21.42 W VP(B)-73 # P-8 98311 Note operational history. U 265 VII C OL Leonhard Aufhammer 3-Feb-1943 56.35 N & 22.49 W 220 Squadron # N P/O K. Ramsden Note operational history. U 624 VII C KL Ulrich Graf von Soden-Fraunhofen 7-Feb-1943 55.42 N & 26.17 W 220 Squadron # J P/O G. Robertson Note operational history. U 646 VII C OL Heinrich Wulff 17-May-1943 62.10 N & 14.30 W 269 Squadron # J SGT. -
The London Gazette of TUESDAY, 2And MARCH, 1949
38569 1509 SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette OF TUESDAY, 2and MARCH, 1949 Registered as a Newspaper WEDNESDAY, 23 MARCH, 1949 THE LANDINGS IN NORTH AFRICA The following Despatch was submitted to the on the 5th/6th November and the continuous Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces on the entry and departure of -all -classes of ships for 3Qth March, 1943, by Admiral of the Fleet 'fuelling placed a heavy strain on the resources Sir ANDREW B. CUNNINGHAM, G.C.B., and organisation of Gibraltar. The manner in D.S.O., Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean. .which, this strain was withstood reflects credit Office of the Commander-in-Chief, on the Vice-Admiral, Gibraltar and Com- Mediterranean, modore Superintendent, Gibraltar and their Algiers. staffs. 30th March, 1943. 4. It is also a tribute to the skill and seaman- ship of individual Commanding Officers that OPERATION "TORCH"—REPORT this continuous flow of movements and berth- OF PROCEEDINGS. ing in a congested harbour and anchorage in I have the honour to render the following the dark was accomplished with but a single report on Operation "Torch" .covering the minor collision. period 22nd October to 17th November, 1942, 5. The only major incident inside the from the sailings of the assault convoy from the Mediterranean before the assaults was the United Kingdom until the occupation of Bone. torpedoing of United States Ship THOMAS This report deals mainly with the British naval STONE at 0535 on 7th November. A notably assaults, since the naval operations of the courageous decision was taken by Captain Western Naval Task Force have already been O. -
HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History
U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons Historical Monographs Special Collections 2012 HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History Craig C. Felker Marcus O. Jones Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs Recommended Citation Felker, Craig C. and Jones, Marcus O., "HM 20: New Interpretations in Naval History" (2012). Historical Monographs. 20. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/20 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Monographs by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS New Interpretations in Naval History Selected Papers from the Sixteenth Naval History Symposium Held at the United States Naval Academy 10–11 September 2009 New Interpretations in Naval History Interpretations inNaval New Edited by Craig C. Felker and Marcus O. Jones O. andMarcus Felker C. Craig by Edited Edited by Craig C. Felker and Marcus O. Jones NNWC_HM20_A-WTypeRPic.inddWC_HM20_A-WTypeRPic.indd 1 22/15/2012/15/2012 33:23:40:23:40 PPMM COVER The Four Days’ Battle of 1666, by Richard Endsor. Reproduced by courtesy of Mr. Endsor and of Frank L. Fox, author of A Distant Storm: The Four Days’ Battle of 1666 (Rotherfi eld, U.K.: Press of Sail, 1996). The inset (and title-page background image) is a detail of a group photo of the midshipmen of the U.S. -
N° 3465 Assemblée Nationale
— 1 — N° 3465 ______ ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE CONSTITUTION DU 4 OCTOBRE 1958 QUINZIÈME LÉGISLATURE Enregistré à la Présidence de l’Assemblée nationale le 21 octobre 2020. AVIS FAIT AU NOM DE LA COMMISSION DE LA DÉFENSE NATIONALE ET DES FORCES ARMÉES SUR LE PROJET DE LOI de finances pour 2021 (n° 3360) TOME V DÉFENSE PRÉPARATION ET EMPLOI DES FORCES : MARINE PAR M. DIDIER LE GAC Député —— Voir le numéro : 3399 (annexe 14) — 3 — SOMMAIRE ___ Pages INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : LES CRÉDITS DEMANDES PAR LA MARINE POUR 2021 ...................................................................................................................... 11 I. LE PROJET DE LOI DE FINANCES POUR 2021 EST UN REFLET FIDÈLE DE LA LOI DE PROGRAMMATION MILITAIRE .................................................... 11 A. LA MARINE NATIONALE RESTE AU CŒUR DES ENJEUX DU RÉARMEMENT ....................................................................................................... 11 1. La forte sollicitation de la Marine est appelée à se poursuivre ............................... 11 a. Un rythme d’engagement soutenu ........................................................................ 11 b. La marine confrontée à une inquiétante évolution internationale .......................... 14 2. La loi de programmation militaire vise au réarmement naval ................................ 15 a. Une réponse aux besoins en équipements ............................................................ -
E ONI 54 R • RESTRICTED
U. S. BATTLESHIPS ONI 54-R • RESTRICTED e The appearance of U, S, Battleships, since the outbreak of the war, has evolved into a predominantly one-stack design, Although simi lar in general outline, these one-stackers may be differentiated by their armament dispositions and hull lines. Of the two stack BB's, COLORADO alone is likely to undergo radical alteration of appearan.ce. SOUTH DAKOTA CLASS TENNESSEE e NEW MEXICO CLASS NEW YORK CLASS ''• '~ PENNSYLVANIA ARKANSAS e ~ e ONJ 54 R • .RESTRICTED Division of Naval InlelligeT:tce-Identification Ond Chaiacteristics Section U.S. BATTLESHIPS IOWA CLASS e NORTH CAROLINA CLASS COLORADO CLASS •oo S. DAK . ·' .(;_,: ... e ARK. N.Y. NEV. PENN. TENN. N.MEX. ,...- 0 '0. S. CRUISERS Supplement 4 · 8,'4,43 ONI 54 R RESTRICTED e CA-BALTIMORE CLASS (A- WICHITA CL- CLEVELAND CLASS CL-BROOKL YN- PHOENIX CLASSES e • ,J -,.. ·~ ...... CL-ATLANTA- OAKLAND CLASSES CL -ST LOUIS BALTIMORE e) CLEVELAND ATLANTA WICHITA BROOKLYN ST LOUIS e ONJ 54 R • RESTRICTED Division of Naval Intelligence- Identification and Characteristics Section· U. S. CRUISERS CA ~PORTLAND CLASS CA~NEW ORLEANS CLASS .... e CA~AUGUSTA CA~PENSACOLA CLASS " . CA ~NORTHAMPTON CLASS CL~OMAHA CLASS ~~--100 e PORTLAND AUGUSTA NORTH AMPTON NEW ORLEANS PENSACOLA OMAHA ...- U.S. CARRIERS Supplement 4 8 {4{43 ONJ 54 R • RESTRICTED cv CVE SARATOGA LONG ISLAND CHARGER e ENTERPRISE BOGUE-PRINCE WILLIAM CLASSES t ,,. "il' ";;._ RANGER CASABLANCA CLASS INDEPENDENCE CLASS SANGAMON CLASS e 100 e ONJ 54 R • R-=STRJCTED Division of Naval lntelligence--ldenlificahon and Choroctanshcs Section SUBMARINES BA LAO • I . D • .F"bYc ., TAMBOR SARGO SALMONcznt!M¥%i" 'hp;,f#L?ii,.