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Home , Joyce Sikakane, Township (South Africa)

le. le. ANTI NEWS, The Newspaper of the Anti-ApartheidMovement p Report tells of sadism in Rhodesian prison MORE details of the horrifying Nearly all those heldthereare 3 ozs of vegetables and acup officer, Macleod, refuses to are frequently taken away conditionsatKhemiMaximum politicalprisoners, ofblackcoffeeaday.There treatthem and the visiting and tortured SeourityPs inRhodesiahav Thelatestreportsaysthat arenotenoughplatestogo prison servicedoctor.r ]Awaiting-trial prisoners e been smuggled out of the gaol. An El The health of prisoners is roundsoeverydaysonse Lewis, tells prisoners to go to not allowed to communicate earlierreporttoldhowtwo deterioratingrapidlybecese people go withouteanthesm Moscow or Peking for treat- with their lawyers, are not prisonersdiedlastyearbecause4 ofgrossovercrowding,poor rations, ment given food, cigarettes and they were deliberately given wrong food and bad hygiene. 0 Several prisoners he serious 0 The prison chaplain doesnot clothessentin bytheir medicinesbyawarder(JuneAA Commonillnesseslike flu, illnesses - one has kidney transmit prisonersrequests families and get no exercise. NEWS). ulcers,colds,diarrhoeaare trouble,onehasaliverern- for aid for their families to The smuggled letter says that Theprisonnowholds673 rampant plaint,onehashernia theChristianCare aid someprisoners"arenothingbut prisoners in two barrack-type ]Prisonersarekeptona troubleandanotherhashigh orgenisetion moving skeletons" and because of ouldig - althoughitwasbuiltto starvationdiet of1%lbsof bloodpressure.Butthe 0Prisoners who have already the terribie condition "prisoners hold a snessmum of 475 men. mealie=meal, 2 ozs of meat, residentwhitemedical been convicted and sentenced die each and every year". Mass stay-at-home in Jo'burg [ousands march on 'On Mondays they hang my comrades' ONE of the last acts of an pretext that the iIagars had demonstrations and meetings all over the countrynd at least -in'i ::raf~llpn~nedugot=g This was in spite of a massive police operation, with heavily armed police patrolling thi streets of , spot sea-ches of train and bus passengeq and roadblocks on all the roads into . Eleven people are known to have been shot dead by police six of them in Kabah outside : many more were injured, among them at least nine Soweto students, In at least 50 per cent of black workers stayed away from wprk, in response to a call from Soweto student leaders. In Soweto itself all schools and shops were closed in mourning for those who died last year. At the big Regina Mundi church in Soweto police fired teargas as a congregation of several thousand left the church after attending a four-hour service and meeting. In , outside , 10,000-strong march of school students we attacked by police with teargs. Big meetings were held in Port Elizabeth and in the eastern Cape. and afterwards more than 120 people were charged with attending illegal gatherings. In the Cape township of Inkabah there were more meetings and at least two people were shot On June 14, two days before the anniversary, the railway line V e morial serei the South African security police between and was damaged by an explosion, which the police admitted was sabotage. On the day of the anniversary, two commuter railway lines in Johannesburg were damaged by sabotage blasts. The first ocorred just before 1 am when a passenger train detonated an explosive device on the line from Orlando township. At 2.45 am the track near New Canada junction was damaged by a second explosion. Three dals before, two men were shot dead by three black youths opposite Square police station in Johannesburg. At least 20 people were taken into detention the weekend before the anniversary - among them the President of the Soweto Students Representative Council, Sechaba Montsitsi, and its entire Executive Committee. Five white students at the University of the Witwatersrand were also detained - they were all involved in plans to commemorate the anniversary at the university. How the world remembered Soweto, page 12 At a press conference in London on June 10 Joshua Nkomo said that it was the duty of the British Government to stop the hangings, rmassacres and starvation in Zimbabwe. ,He stated that the only wy a satisfactory constitution could evolve for Zimbabwe was by the removal of the Smith regime. The British Government could contribute to this by ensuring an end to all oil supplies to Rhodesia. Atrocities He listed some examples of the appalling atrocities which had been committed by the Smith regime. Among them were o the murder of 45 men, women and children by Rhodesian troops in Ndanga tribal trust land near Fort Victoria. People had gathered for a traditional ceremony when soldiers arrived and embarked on indiscriminate shooting and bombing, claiming that the meeting had been organised by "terrorists" o the killing of at least 20 people and the burning of Tanya Village in Nyajena tribal trust land on the Patriotic Front takes the country "at the pointof agun" all its supporters will have perished at the point of a gun. "At the moment," he said, "they are killng people indiscriminately in pursuance of that objective," Geneva Forllwing the decision of the Geneva Diplomatic Conference to grant guerrillgs prisoner-of'wgr status, the Patriotic Front has drafted a declaratonof intent in the event of new protocols being accepted. Joshua Nkomo mid thatwhile he did not expect Smith to formally ratify thsew protocols, he expected a reciprocal statement saying that Smith would respect them. The Patriotic Front has discussed the amendments to the Geneva Conveations with the Red Cross; at the same time he has asked them to try and prevent the Smith regime from hanging any more of its prisoners, Geneva Convention protocols, page 5

ACTION-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL Britain Exeter THE Co-operative Society's South West Region has voted to ban all South African products from Co-op shops. The vote was a victory for local anti-apartheid supporters who have been campaigning for several years in support of a boycott, and comes after the important decision by the big London Co-operative Society to arrange a phased withdrawal of South African products from its shops (June AA NEWS). Over a hundred people attended the Co-op Members Meeting in Exeter, and only 21 voted against the ban. Voting at meetings in Bridgewater, Yeovil, Taunton and North Devon followed a similar pattern. Delegates from the South West Region will now be mandated to support moves for a ban on South African products within the national Co

Anti-Apartheid News July-August 1977 Page 3 AS 11 men and one woman went on trial under the Terrorism Act in Pretoria on June 20, an international campaign for their release was launched in London. Two of the 12, Martin Ramokgadi and Joe Gqabi, have been charged with being heads of the central structure of the African National Congress in Johannesburg and five are accused of mounting sabotage operations. The others are alleged to have been in possession of firearms and explosives and to have recruited people for military training (June AA NEWS). The one woman on trial, Paulina Mohale, is charged with having recruited someone for military training and with having typed a leaflet headed "The Voice of the ANC (Spear of the Nation)". All face a minimum sentence of five years imprisonment and a maximum penalty of death, and it is likely that the prosecution will call for the death penalty for at least some of those accused. On the first day of the trial, a prosecution witness told the court that he had recruited 260 people to the African National Congress after leaving school in Soweto in 1974. He said that he had made 8 trips from South Africa to Swaziland IN A sinister development more people in South Africa's black townships have disappeared, some of them after reporting to the security police. They are presumed by their relatives To have been detained by the police, but the authorities deny any knowledge of their whereabouts. Among them are Nomsa and Charlotte Mbatha, who are 19 and 17 years of age, who disappeared at the time of their father's arrest under the Terrorism Act in January. He was subsequently where he was taught to handle explosives. In a second trial under the Terrorism Act, six men appeared in a Johannesburg Magistrates Court on June 17 accused of being in possession of weapons and explosives. They are alleged to have undergone military training between June 1 1976 and January 21 1977. The six are Mahwidi Phala, John Thabo, Setsie Mashinini, Solomon Musi, Bafna Nkosi and Philip Khoza. The two are the latest of numerous other Terrorism Act trials which have been held all over South Africa in the past few month months. In other trials I] Two men, Stanley Nkosi and Petrus Mothlanthe, were gaoled for 10 years after being convicted of handling explosives and recruiting people to the ANC 0 The Ten, who have been accused of recruiting people for military training and furthering the aims of the ANC, are waiting for judgment to be given on July 15. O Three men, Walter Tshikila, Joseph Madyo and Penrose Ndwandwa were sentenced to 13, 5 and 5 years respectively released but nothing has been heard of his daughters. A former, detainee, Phindile Mfethi, who was released after spending a year in detention, has not been seen since the day he left to report to the police the day after he was banned. Many more people were detained under the Terrorism Act in June - among them many school students, officials of the Black Community Programme and several married couples whose children have been left destitute. 'I. for participating in Pan Africanist Congress activities in East London 0 Jan Malatji and Kerwin Zwane were sentenced to 18 months' gaol for furthering the aims of the ANC 0 A woman, Edith Mbala, was sentenced to three years' imprisonment for photocopying an ANC pamphlet 0 Breyten Breytenbach, who is already serving a 9-year gaof sentence, appeared in court on June 20 on new charges of "endangering law and order" FREETHEPRETORIA'hELVEI CAMPAIGNMATERIAL " tew Prime Ony Poster 15Pea a Leaflet X5/1000 Postcard (to sendtoVorster) lOp ea Psu.na Mohale, the onlywomanamongthe12accusedinthe Background PretoriaTerrorismActtrial,givesaclenchedfistsoluteasshegoesinto Briefing'Paper 5P .... court enclose'Remember Soweto' IName- i R em em ber * .....I...... Address ...... -I-...... Tel ...... tennis m atch dem os Returnthisformto: m Anti-ApartheidMovement J SHOUTSof"RememberSoweto" Secretaryof theAnti-Apartheid 89 Charlotte St, London WIP 2D drowned the umpire's calls during Movment, and Hugh Bayley, Terror Act accused get 666 years gaol THREE hundred and seventy eight people have been charged under South Africa's security laws during the last 10 months in 77 separate trials, according to a report published by the South African Institute of Rac Relations. Sentences So far 110 of them have been convicted and sentenced to a total of 666 years in gaol - trials of 107 people are still proceeding, 101 people were acquitted and chares against 46 were withdrawn. 'Stop NamiianSianiy of those accue were charged under the Terrorism Act and 11 of them hae so far been imports'_newcampaign ad1ofhmeefreo convicted and sentenced to a total CANUC (Campaign Against the CANUC will hold a public meet- of 79 years in gaol: trials of 32 are Namibian Uranium Contract) is ing in July. Date and venue to be still proceeding and 17 were raising withlabourmovement announced. acquitted.Three hundred and two organisatioms the question of the The railwaymen's union ASLEF people have been accused of saboimport of Namibian uranium into has asked the TUC and the Inter- tage: 94 of them he so far been Britain, in an attempt to make it an national Transport Federation to convicted and 107 are still on trial. issue at the Labour Party Confer- take action to stop the import of Among those convicted are 39 ence in October. The campaign is uranium from Namibia into Britain. youths under the age'of IS who all being chaired by Alex Lyon MP. The National Union of Seamen has received the mandatory minimom The campaign is calling for the also agreed to consider what action sentence of five years' imprisoncancellation of the contract it can take to stop Namibian mant under the Sabotage Act. between British Nuclear Fuels and uranium reaching its destination. Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation for the supply of bigquantities of uranium AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA from RTZ'smineatRossingin BenefitNight Narnibia. at the CANUChasalreadycircularised OTHERCINEMA Constituency Labour Parties all 25 Tottenham Street London WI over the country asking them to demand that the Government cancels the contract, Itisalsoaskingorgenisations directedbyOusmaneSembene opposed to South Africa'a occupa- Saturday July 16 6.30 pm tion of Namfseia to sign a letter to ickets £1.20 the Government asking it to review African National Congress of South Africa, 49 Rathbone Street, its policy and decide to terminate London WI Tel 01-580 5303 the contract. the reeration Cup matches in Eastbourne in June. The demon' strators were Protesting against the participation of a white South African team in the tournament. On three days of the tournament the protesters picketed the ground and walked around the outside sIouting slogans. At one stage police threatened to arrest anyone who remained in one spot from which the shouting was disrupting play inside. On Sunday June 12 over Bo people marched through Eastbourne to picket the Cavendish Hotel where the South African players were staying. Earlier a packed public meeting at Eastbourne Liberal Party headquarters heard a representative of the local trades council, Tony Riddington, say that racism must be fought wherever it reared its head - in Britain and Southern Africa. A platform which included Dennis Brutus, Chairman of SANROC (South African NonRacial Olympic Committee), South African tennis player Jasmat Dhiraj, Mike Terry, Executive spoke about the facts of segregated sport in South Africa and the importance of isolating apartheid sports teams, The Federation Cup was the only one of three sports events scheduled to take place in south coast resorts this summer, in which invitations extended to South African teams were allowed to stand. The English Women's Bowling Association withdrew its invitation to a team from South Africa to participate [n the Women's Bowling Championships in May, in response to anti-apartheid pressure. Then the Derek Robins Xi announced that it had cancelled its plans to play two South African cricket teams in Hastings at the end of June (June AA NEWS). 'Boycott racist tennis' - SA body THE non-racial Southern Africa Lawn Tennis Federation has cabled the IL TF telling it that there is no racially-mixed tennis in South Africa. "No ream representing the Republic, "it says, "has been chosen on genuine merit." JOIN THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT NAME Address ------Tel No Minimum membership fee: £3; students/apprentices £2 O"Onasas: Surface mail/Europe £3; Airmail £6 Affiliation: national organisations, £10; regional organisatsions, £5; local organssations, £3 (All above rates include subscription to AA NEWS) Subscription to AA NEWS only: UK/Europe £2; Outside Europe surface mail £2; airmail £4 AAM 89 Charlotte St, London WIP 2DO Tel 01-580 5311 Pretoria Twelve on trial for their lives Detainees disappear in police custody

Page4 JUly-stuguss I11 Southern African issues dominate Commonwealth conference 'Armed struggle is inevitable' HEADS of Government reviewed the situation in Southern Africa and took note of a number of significant developments which had taken place since they last met together in Kingston. They expressed satisfaction that the attainment of independence by Mozambique and Angola had greatly strengthened the cause of liberation throughout the entire region. They reaffirmed their total support for the struggle in Zimbabwe and Namibia and for the just demands of the oppressed in South "We have no romantic views about it, but when people have no way out, they must fight for their rights." Kenneth Kaund President of Zambia Africa. They recognised, however, that events had moved into a phase of acute crisis. In this connexion they expressed deep concern over the increasing danger.to international peace and securiti in view of the dramatic escalation of the armed struggle in Zimbabwe and Namibia arising from the continuing intransigence of the racist minority regimes in Zimbabwe and South Africa In particular they condemned the repeated threats to and violations of the territorial integrity of Angola, Botswana, Mozambique and Zambia as exemplified by the recent attack on and occupation of Mozambican territory by the armed forces of the illegal Smith regime. In addition they took account of the deepening crisis in Namibia, caused by South Africa's persistent defiance of the United Nations and the international community as a whole. Heads of Government recognised' that the capacity of the racist minority regimes to survive is in large measure due to the continuing material, military and economic support which they receive through collaboration with external sources. Heads of Government reiterated that the independence of Zimbabwe must be achieved on the basis of majority rule. In this connexion they noted that the armed struggle has become complementary to other efforts including a negotiated settlement and agreed that its maintenance was inevitable. Heads of Government condemned South Africa for the military and economic support which it continues to give to the illegal regime. In particular, they deplored and condemned the provision of military equipment and the supply of petroleum and petroleum products which buttress the illegal regime. They therefore called on South Africa to desist forthwith from complicity in repression and on all countries to take effective steps to ensure that South Africa no longer sustains the illegal regime in defiance of the Resolutions of the Security Council. They recognised that the breach of sanctions, particularly in respect of petroleum and petroleum products, is a crucial factor in the survival of the illegal (Rhodesian) regime. Heads of Government requested the Commonwealth Sanctions Committee to undertake urgently a study on the matter and make recommendations. They also under- took to reexamine legislation with a view to strengthening enforcement procedures in their respective countries so as to prohibit the export, by their corporate entities and nationals, of petroleum and petroleum products which might find their way to Rhodesia. Heads of Government conL demned South Africa's continued illegal occupation of Namibia. They recognised that the heroic "If we had the resolution to fight fascist tyranny in 1939 we should at least be capable of the moral consistency to support those who are obliged to fight racist tyranny in Southern Africa with the ultimate weapon of armed struggle." Michael Manley Prime Minister of Jamaica people of Namibia have had to resort to several methods, including the armed struggle, to achieve their liberation. . (left), Acting President of the African National Congress of South Africa, at a reception held by the Anti-Apartheid Movement during the Commonwealth Conference on June 13. It was also attended by Josiah Chinamano, Vice President of ZAPU, and Misheke Muyongo, Vice President of SWAPO They called on South Africa to ate arms embargo against South act immediately to end its illegal Africa and to make such an occupation, to release all political embargo effective. prisoners and, in consultation with Heads of Government conthe appropriate organs of the demned the brutal racist repressi United Nations, to transfer power inherent in the system of apartwithin the framework of principles head demonstrated, for example, established by UN resolutions the situations which have given ri Heads of Government noted to numerous uprisings culminatir that two of their members were in the Soweto massacre last year. involved in the five-power initiative They considered that the polli in relation to Namibia and expres- and actions of the South African sed the hope that it would contri- regime, both at home and abroad bute to this purpose constituteagravethreattothe In this connexion they urged the security and stability of internainternational community to take tional peace and the whole area. urgent action to apply an immedi- They urged the international NZ backs down to save Games IN abid to save the Commonwealth maintaining sports links With Games, due to be held in Edmon- apartheid teams. ton, Canada, next year, the Commonwealth representatives Commonwealth conference agreed affirmed that as a result of their on a statement of principle on consultations there were "unlikely sporting contacts with South Africa. to be future sporting contacts of Many Commonwealth countries any significance between Commonhad earlier said that they would wealth countries or their nationals boycott the Games in protest and South Africa". against New Zealand's policy of on in se ni cies community totake effective measures to compel South Africa to bring about majority rule. Heads of Government expressed concern about the fact that South Africa has the potential for the development of nuclear weapons and might soon become a nuclear weapon state. They urged any government which collaborates with South Africa in the development of its nuclear industry to desist from doing so. THE International Conference in Support of the Peoples of Zimbabwe and Namibia met in Mozambique's capital, Maputo, May 16-21. It was attended by representatives of 92 countries, as well as the Southern African liberation movements, the OAU, UN bodies and intergovernmental and nongovernmental organisations. High on the list of action proposals in the "Programme of Action for the Liberation of Zimbabwe and Namibia" adopted by the conference was a call on governments to 0 Enact legislation declaring the recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries to be punishable as a criminal act o Prevent oil companies registered in their territories from supplying oil, directly or indirectly, to the Smith regime 0 Take stringent enforcement measures to ensure strict compliance by all individuals and organisations under their jurisdiction with the sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council against the illegal Rhodesian regime Maputo conference lists action on Zimbabwe and Namibia 5 Invalidate passports and other documents for travel to Southern Rhodesia [ Ensure an end to foreign economic activities and terminate any consular representation in Namibia [ Implement fully the arms embargo against South Africa "without any exceptions or reservations" The UN was asked to 0 extend sanctions to include all the measures envisaged under Article 41 of the UN Charter El extend sanctions to cover marine and air insurance in order to prevent ships and aeroplanes carrying passengers or cargoes to or from Rhodesia being insured 0 establish a University of Namibia, plans for which would be formulated by the UN Council for Namibia and SWAPO, with the assistance of UNESCO Among measures which other organisations were asked to take was action by trade unions to boycott vessels, aircraft and any other vehicle carrying Namibian goods. The "Maputo Declaration in Support of the Peoples of Zim"Southern Africa constitutes one theatre of struggle, with its heart and pivot in South Africa itself." Statement by African National Congress of South Africa babwe and Namibia", drawn up by the conference, affirmed that Britain had "the primary responsibility" as administering power for Southern Rhodesia. It stressed the importance of the armed struggle in creating "positive conditions" for a negotiated settlement and stated that the conference "takes note of the efforts of the UK. . to achieve a negotiated settlement with the objective of securing independence for Zimbabwe under majority rule in 1978". It also called for "the utmost assistance" to be given to Botswana, Mozambique and Zambia by the international community to discourage further armed attacks on them by the Smith regime. On Namibia the Declaration proclaimed the conference's full support for SWAPO as the "sole and authentic liberation movement" of the Namibian people. It described South Africa's illegal occupation of Namibia as a "violently repressive racist system" which is carrying out "massive transfers of popolation causing untold suffering to thousands of innocent men, women and children". It condemned the increasing militarization of Namibia by the Pretoria regime and affirmed: "In order to meet the continuous threat of the minority regime to international peace and security in Southern Africa, the Security Council should be called upon to impose a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa." The Declaration finally accused the South African apartheid regime of being "the bastion of racism and colonialism in Southern Africa" and "the main opponent of the efforts of the UN and the international community to promote self-determination and independence in Southern Africa". Representatives of the five Western members of the UN Security Council - US, Britain, France, West Germany and Canada - took part in part of the conference. Speaking on their behalf US Assistant Secretary of State William Maynes said that they could not associate themselves with some of the provisions of the Declaration and Programme of Action because this would prejudice their negotiations over Namibia. S Africa expelled by atomic energylodyTHE International Atomic Energy Board expelled South Africa as the official representative of the African region at a meeting in Vienna on June 16. The vote was 18 countries in favour of expelling South Afric and 13 - including the members of the EEC, US, Canada and Japan - against. .SOUTHERN Africa was the main issue discussed by Commonwealth Heads of Government when they met in London, June 8-15. The conference especially condemned the repeated acts of aggression by the Vorster and Smith regimes against Angola, Botswana, Mozambique and Zambia. It also stressed that the minority regimes could not survive without the support they receive from other western countries. The following is part of the text of the communique issued after the conference.

Smith launches open war against iMozambique MOZAMBIQUE's President and so on. This destruction has metres southwest of the town of Samora Machoal has asked the cost out people mre than 300 TAte, on the morning of Saturday UN SecretaryGeneralKurt millionescudos. May28.Theywerebackedbywar Walheito onz Uiir l a nthe past few days, he went planes which dropped napalmin aldei n on,"theviolationsandmassacres thearea. the UN Secur"ityCuncil so have reached an unprecedented The attack was the second in thi that it can discuss the itua- level and the enemyforces are area in two weeks: on May 14 haeltion arising rogm the Smith carrying out well prepared and borne troops disembarked in the regimne's escalating aggression programmed operational plans with Chioco area and were driven heck against Mozambist well determined objectives, across the border. Inu a radio broadcast to the especially civilian targets. According to Mozambique peoplIe of Mozambique on "We have also observed that the sources, the attacks did not amoant June 18, President Machal said enemy uses modern and sophistica- to fall-sciale occupation, as Rhodethat the Smith regime was now tad war equipment, heavy artillery, sian spokesmen claimed. The troops "in open war" against MozaM- tanks, armoured cars, helicopters, fled from direct confrontation, biciue and that its actions were reconnaissance aircraft and according to the Mozaesbique "alreadytantamountto Mirages." InformationAgency,andthen invasion". PresidentMachel'sspeech triedto present "as something followed two large-scale attacks heroic the simple fact of having Ha detailed the aggression by against Mozambique by Rhodesian taken advantage of natural condiRhodesian troops against Mozam- troops in the weekend May 28-29 tions in a district such as Chicualabique in the 12 months up to March - one against Mapai in Gaza cuala, which occupies two thirds of this year: in this period the Smith province and one in the Chioco area the province of Gaza but contains regime launched143separate of Tate province, onlytwopercentoftheprovince's attacks, 56 in the province of Tete, In Gaza, Smith troops began by. population". 54in Gaza and 33 in Manica. attacking Mozambican defence Thesources suggest that the Between May 1976 and June 15 posts at Chicualacuala and Chitanga Smith regime has two motives for thisyear, according to President on the border. After being dirven the raids. The first is to keep up th Machel- a total of 1432 civilians back from these, they moved into morale of its armed forces, by had bean killed in the attacks and Mozambique in strength through allowing them to go on the rampag, 0wounded. tn addition, many unpopulated areas of the Chicua- in Mozambique, in the face of their members of the Mozambican Lacuela district and advanced along obvious failure to stop the intenslaryn epes militias had a river to the town of Mapai. fication of guerrilta activityinside die inth igtig At Mapai they were-smat by Zimbebe. "Dozens of villages ndtowns," Mozambican army units and Thsecdisto internationalie wich paful peple intense fighting followed. After the the situsation:1 n tewi of *and who mere setting about Rhodesian troops had been driven Presidnt Mahehl, "to push beyond reconstructing their country with beck from Mapai, they continued the borders contradictions great effort and enthusiasm, were to bombard railway stations, farms, alienatinhifml from thepoof completely destroyed. schools and small settlements in the Zimbabwe" and "divert world "Massingenito, Mapai,Giogo, areafromtheair, publicopinion fromthecenta Mavonde are just burnt remains of In Tete province heliborne question, which is the national what used to be houses, schools, forces of the Smith regime entered liberation of the people of hospitals, people's stores, factories the area of Chioco, about 120 kilo- Zimbabwe". DPP refuses to prosecute sanctions -busting university SURREY University has been advertising jobs in Rhodesia, among them posta in the illegal reginme's civil service - but the Director of Public Prosecutions has decided not to prosecute, The advertisements appear in a book which has been on display in the university's Careers Advisory Office, "Opportunaties for Graduates in Southern Africa 1976 -7", They are for jobs in several of the regime's administrative departmeets and for private companies in Rhodesia. The book was sent to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office who asked the DPP to investigate - now, almost incradibly, the DPP has decided not to bring any court prociledings. The decision is the latest in a series of cases which show how the Government and the courts hae no real will to implement the UK sanctions Iqlislation. In April a Hertfordshire inourance salesman, Roy Dovaston, was acquitted on e technicality of charges of encouraging people to emigrate to Rhodesia. Evidence was led which showed that he sent migration papers issued by the illegal regime Solicitor General to publish the to six British eitien encouraging number of cases of alleged contrathem to take jobs there. He also -ention of sanctions which had ran newspaper adertisements been investigated by the DPP and offering jobs at up to £150 a week. the number of cases in which One of the men who answered the prosecutions had been brought. He ads said: "I had no doubt that also asked him if he would make a £150 a week would he for military statement on the effectiveness of employment, and I was given the Rhodesian sanctions legislation. recruiting literature for the In reply the Solicitor General, Rhodesian Army and e booklet Peter Archer MP, saidthat them about life in the armed forces." had been 27 prosecutions under the In the House of Commons on legislation - 17 of them brought by June 13, Bob Hughes MP asked the HM Customs and Excise. Zimbabweans condemn Smith A public meeting on Zimbabwe racialism in Britain and support organised by Liberation in for the white minorityregimes in LondononJune9was SouthernAfrica.Hecalledon addressed by Samuel British trade unionists to step up Munodawafa, National Chairman their solidarity action. qf ZAPU, and Hamad Zirip, MikeTerry, ExecutiveSecreExecutive memberofZANU. The tary of the Anti-Apartheid speakers drew attention to the Movenment, accused the British stepping up of the Smith regime's Government of a two-faced campaign of murder and repres- policy on Zimbabwe. sioninsideZimbabwe. Themeetingalsoheard Alan Sapper, General Secretary messages of support from the of the film technicians union African National Congress of ACTT, stressed the link between South Africa and SWAPO. e New war code to cover guerrillas by' THE scope of the Geneva reciprocal declaration of intent by Conventionshasbeen theregimeinSalisburytotheeffect widened to cover the conduct that they shalt at least comply with of liberation struggles or the basic principles of the huansnl"armed confictsinwhich tarianlaw, in their treatmentof tli peple r ig~tingagainst freedom fig$her." colonialdomnq ion. .n.and Up until recently, the Smith against racist regimee in tse eime has maintainedthat the exercise of their right ofself- siuationinZimtbabweis not oe ofdcetermiation itrnal War,but that the activities of the conflict situations such as secuity forces areea policeOperacihilors atlinsurrections. thin agains "crisfnal elements " The Diplomatic Ciferece on This position shifted with the the Hursedntarian Law of 1ar in creation of a uew Cabinet post of Genera veted urnanimously on June Minister of Combined Operations 10 to add two rew protocols to the last February. At theend of March Con ventions which have the effect the Rhodesian Sunday Mail of according prisoner-of-war status announced that "the terrorist war to nationalist guerrilla fighters The ... has now become a war in the conference was attended by dele- fullestsenseandisbeingtreatedas got" from97nations. such by the Government'" The first of the new protocols This does not mean, however, also Prohibits the stareation of that there will be any change in the civilians, the destruction of crops regme's attitude toswards captured and saturation bombing ofcities guerrilla fighters According to the The protocols will be opened for Minister of Defence, guerrillas are signature on December 11 1977 by "scum and must be treated as the depository state, Switzerland. such". The Zimbabwean Patriotic Front According to the regime's has responded to the new agree- Minister of Combined Operations, ments by issuing a Declaration of Roger Hawkins, "the terrorists are Intent to Ratify, indicating the not soldiers, who are nationals of Front's "readiness to comply with another country at war with the high ideals contained in the Rhodesia, they are Rhodesians humanitarian law, which ideals are guilty of treason to their country". in accord with the philosophy of Despite the regime's encouageour organisations and practices of ment, in other contexts, oftheideaourfighters'" thatRhodesiaisunderattackfrom The statement goes on. "We external sources, it is clear that as cannot expect the illegal Smith far as the judiciary are concerned regime to formally ratify these guerrillas will continue to be protocols, but we do expect a treated as criminals. Memorial for murdered priest A memorial service for Reed Basil ministered to the communityat St Nyabadla was held at St Philip's Francis for over 20 years. Last year Church, Stepney, on July 3. He was he was imprisoned for 80 days in murdered outside his church, St Umtli gaol with his fellow church Francis, in Rusape, Rhodesia, on member Maurice Nyagumbo, March 31 bytwo men dressed in He is mourned by his wife, who military uniforms who fired ten witnessed the murder, his six bulletsintohisbody. childrenwh wrestu.dyingin Basl Nyabadra was an outstan- Britain, and by his many friends in ding Christian leader who had Zimbabwe and in Britain.

Pge 6 July-August 1977 Anti-Apartheid News II THI IAPRHID No rights for Africans under battery of repressive laws THE South African Government has a battery of repressive laws which enable it to detain its opponents without trial, to baenor banish them, or to sentence them to long years of imprisonment on the flimsiest of charges. The Internal Security Act, Terrorism Act and General Law Amendment Act all provide for detention without trial: under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act the police may arrest anyone they believe is withholding information about offences under the Act and .bold them indefinitely in solitary confinement without informing their families or lawyers. The Terrorism Act and the Sabotage Act both containvery wide definitions of what constitutes an offence, including such actions as "embarrassing the administration of the affairs of the State". Both Acts place the maximum sentence of death. The Government has powers to ban organisations opposed to apartheid under the Suppression of Communism Act of 1950 and the Unlawful Organisations Act of 1960. The Suppression of Communism Act defines "Communism" to include "any doctrine which aims at changing the South African status quo". The Unlawful Organisations Act specifically outlawed the African National Congress and the PanAfricanist Congress and provided for the banning of any other organisation which the State considers is carrying on "similar activities". Under the Prohibition of Political Interference Act of 1968 it is a criminal offence to engage in any form of racially mixed politics. Africans have virtually no right to hold meetings or engage sion of Communism Act, and Africans living in urban areas cannot hold any gathering of more than 10 people without obtaining a permit from the local township superintendent.During the past year alone more than 1000 people are known to have been detained and held incommunicado by the South African security police: in April 1977 471 were known to be-still in custody. One of the most sinister effects of South Africa's security legislation is that under it people can be detained without anyone being informed of their detention so that the true number of those detained is almost certainly higher. Another sinister feature is the way that torture is built in to the system - solitary confinement is itself a form of torture. Since the death of Lookshart 1976 and 1977. The evidence of many detainees arrested since June 1976 shows that torture is now an almost routine practice. Among those who have made sworn statements telling how they were beaten, given shock treatment and kept without sleep for long periods are former BBC journalist Nat Serache, trade unionists who are now on trial in South Africa, and students from Morris Isaacson High School According to the South African authorities there were 332 convicted prisoners on in May 1977 serving sentences under the security laws; 10 white political prisoners are held in Pretoria Local Prison. Among them are the President and Secretary General of the African National Congress, and ,and the six other members of the ANC and its military wing Jmkhonto We Sizwe sente d to life imprisonment at the Trial in 1963. ALNLIK*BLANKES ALLEEN: * EUROPEANSOL i ALLEENLIK CHINESE CHINEse ON.ILY apa THE South Afri depends on chea - but the bleck,, denied any share great wealth. Wg Africans enjoyo standards of livir while black SoUt or below subaist Blacks form 9 workforce in the cent in agricultar in manufacturing But whitesw cent of the total receive 67 per o ings, while Africa cent, ; Indians 3 per as In mining the whites is 20 time wage for African faturing indust white receives six of the average bh In absolute tet rates are abysmal as £15, E16 or El country where1 and basic necesil able to those in F All this is mad laws which deprls of bargaining righ pass law system authorities to enc urban areas any h demands a Wag Under the Ind

Anti-Apartheid News JulyAillst 1977 Page 7 POPULATION (1974 estimate) Africans 17.7million Whites 4.2 million Coloureds 2.3million Asians 0.7 million LAND DISTRIBUTION (allocation under 1936 Land Act) Africans 13.7percent Whites 86.3percent No land has been given to the Coloureds or Asians. Over 7 million Africans live in the "homelands". EDUCATION The Government spends £403 a year on every white pupil and £26 on every African pupil. The pupil : teacher ratio for Whites is 20:1; for Africans it is 54:1. The education system is segregated at all levels and there are different syllabuses for Whites and Blacks WAGES The average wage for Whites is 20 times the average wage for Africans in mining, and 6 times the African wage in manufacturing HEALTH There is one white doctor for every 475 Whites and one African doctor to every 200,000 Africans. (A snuber of white doctors ftreqtAfricans.) Huge increase in South Africa's military spendt p black labur fuels witheid economy tion Act, African trade unions cannot be registered and are excluded from the collective bargaining system set up bythe Act. In the last few years there has been a new growth of African trade unions - but companies practically always refuse to reognise them and in this they are backed up by the whole weight of South African industrial legislation and practice. BritIsh-owned companies have as bed a record on this as their South African counterparts. Only one British firm, Smith and Nephew, is known to have recognisd an African trade union, and British Leyland has adamantly refused to negotiate with the Metal and Allied Workers Union which represented the majority of its workforca at its plant at Mobeni, near Durban. It is almost impossible for Africans to hold a legal strike: in 1973 the Bantu Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act was amended to allow African workers to strike in some industries after going through lengthy and complex procedures. In 1976 workers at a glass plant owned by Pilkingtons operated this machinery and called a legal strike. Other sections of the repressive apartheid machinery were then used to smash the strike - the workers were sacked, questioned by the security police and forced out of the area to the "homelands". Under the pass law system, Africans can only remain in the so-called "white" urban areas, even if they have been born there and lived there all their lives, so long as they are allowed to by the authorities. In practice this means that when their labour is no longer required they can be endorsed out to the "homelands". Hundreds of thousands of African workers come to the cities as migrant workers on 12- or 18month contracts, leaving their families behind in the "homelands". In this way the pass law system is being used to deprive African workers of any security of residence and to turn the "homelands" into huge pools of reserve labour. Further reading Apartheid Quiz. Published by international Defence and Aid Fund. 20p Apartheid in Practice. Published by UN. 15p A comprehensive list of pamphlets on different aspects of apartheid is available from AAM, 89 Charlotte Street, London WtP 2D0 rican economy sap black labour kworkforce is re in the country's Mite South one of the highest dog in the world, uthsAfricans live at teste level. 19per cent of the he mines, 91 per .wre and 76 per cent ng industry. who form 16.8 per at population, cent of total earnicavs earn 23 per ns7 per cant and cent. ie average wage for n-t tje average ins, and in manutry the average six times the wage black. terms black wage ial - often as low E13 a week in a V& prices of food ites are compari Britain. ade possible by rise African unions ights and by the cwhich enables the mdorse Out of the Vblack worker who n rise. ndastrial Concilia- INSIDE SOUTHERN AFRICA SouthAfrica Miners strike for more pay IN a massive strike at an AngloAmerican coal mine in the Orange Free State, 3600 black miners stobped work at the beginning of June. The walkout took place after the corporation had told the men that they would not get pay rises due in June because of the "ieconomic situation". After a two-day stoppage, over 1000 miners were transported to their "homelands" in company huses. They had shouted that they no longer wished to work at the mine, after being told that anyone wanting to go back to work would be gives police protection. During the strike, miners looted a beerhall, and police reinforcements were brought in to disperse them with smoke grenades. Two weeks before 30 black employees of the Witbank Coal Agency in Johannesburg were convicted of going on strike. They had stopped work after a day's wages had been deducted from their pay because they had stayed at home on a public holiday. Over 350 workers at a paper mill in Natal want on strike in May and went back after a 1 2-hour stoppage. Tswanas to get 'independence' AFTERt the Transkei Bophsathatswana. The Tswana " "homeland" will become "independent" on December 6 this year, according to a bill introdtuced into the South African Parliament in May. In an Alice-in-Wonderland clause, the bill states that a citizen of Bophuthatswana may renounce his citizenship after "independence" subject to conditions agreed upon by the South African government and the 's administration. But th Vorster regime has made it abundantly clear that it will not agree to any renunciation of citizenship. Facts of life about the new "stale" are 0 two thirds of Bophuthatswana's "citizens" live outside the "homeland" 0 70 per cent of its income comes from South Africa o there is one doctor for every 16,000 people and one post office for every 78,000 Over 2000 people attended a meeting to reject the "indepen. dence" plan at a meeting inside the "homeland" in May. Winnie Mandela charged with breaking ban WINNIE Mandela appeared in court in at the beginning of June - only three weeks after she was banished to the remote Orange Free State settlement of Brandfort. She was accused of breaking her banning order, but details of the charges against her were not revealed and she was remanded to June 17. This new act of persecution by the authorities followed herforced removal to Brantfort from her home in Soweto in May. Four car loadsof police arrived at her house at B am, removed all her belongings and furniture and transported her to Brandfort. In Durban.hundreds of people" attended a public meeting convened by a wide range of organisations to protest against the banishwent order. Death -penalty for rejecting Bantustan A BI LL at present going through the Transkei National Assembly will make it an offence to advocate that the Transkei should be "reunited" with South Africa. Under the Public Security Bill rejection of the "inde. pendence" of the Transkei will be an offence punishable by a mandatory minimum sentence of five years gaol and a maximum penalty of death. The bill incorporates all the main features of South Africa's "security" legislation - including indefinite detention without trial, banning by administrative decree, the outlawing of the African National Congress and PanAfricanist Congress, and the prohibition of Communism as defined in the all-embracing terms of the 1950 Suppression of Communism Act. It also enables the authorities to move whole population groups .without warning, if they consider it to be in the "public interest". Fence built on northern bordier SOUTH Africa has built a 2 metre high fence along pert of ita border with Swaziland. The fence is made of diamondmesh and cost R 1 million Farmers along the border have been warned that they moust ensure that thejr migrant labour force is fully registered. Maidela faces Namibia prison charges White official AFRICAN National Congress leader Neson Mandela is facing disciplinary charges on Robben Island - but the nature of them is unknown because of the blanket of censorship which surrounds the geol. The charges have been brought under Prison Regulation 991C which covers "insolent or dimespectful behaviour towards... any person employed in the prison or towards an official or any other visitor to the prison". In Durban an ex-prisoner who spent 12 years on Robben Island 'Mac' Maharaj, has filed a complaint with the South African Press Council about recent whitewash press reports on conditions at the gaol. The accounts followed a guided press tour of Robben Island which was arranged by the authorities last April. Botswana Disease threat to export trade BOTSWANA's beef export trade is being threatened by illegal imports of cattle from Rhodesia which the, authorities are afraid could bring foot and mouth disease into0the country. Foot and mouth disease is rife on the Rhodesian side of the border because government veterinary services are ceasing to operate as guerrilla fighters take over control of the border areas. ambushed by SWAPO SWAPO has warned civilians, including foreign nationals, to keep away from military bases and installations in Namibia. In a statement issued on June 21, it says that it now has the necessary military hardware to cause "devastating damage" to enemy bases. The warning follows two ambitious attacks by SWAPO guerrillas - the first against a South African security force base in the Caprii Strip on June 8, when a camp housing 700 troops was extensively damaged and several soldiers were killed or wounded. On June 16 South Africa's top white official in Namibia,, Commisioner-General Jannie de Wet, was ambushed on the main road between Ruacana, on the Namibian-Angolan border, and Oshakati. He was accompanied by the local security police chief, Willem Schoon, the head of the in Namibia, Martin Pool, and a contingent of troops. According to SWAPQ sousrces, although Jannie de Wet escaped, about 20 of the soldiers accompsevying him were-killed. Earlier, in May 26, Zambian ian South African forces exchanged fire alongthe Namibian'Zambian border in the Caprivi Strip. A " Zambian spokesman said that South African forces had provoked Zambian troops at a border settlement. earn£10aweek youcouldafford to give that to Anti-Apartheid Events are moving fast in Southern Africa - it is essential that the Anti-Apartheid Movenant is able to respond by mounting bigger and stronger campaigns against all forms of Brifish backing for the white minority regimes. To do this the Movement needs a regular guaranteed income - and for this is depends almost entirely on its members and supporters. Regular donations by Bankers Order are a good way of ensuring this. Please give generously. BANKERS ORDER FORM To: The Manager (name of Bank) (address of Bank) Please credit account no 0143688 of the Anti-Apartheid Movement at Lloyds Bank Ltd. 88 Tottenham Court Road, London Wl, with the sum of £ ...... on ...... (date) next and at annual/ quarterly/monthly* intervals thereafter. Signature...... Nam e (please print) ...... Address...... I...... I...... I...... Date signed ...... Account No ...... *Delete where not applicable Please return this form to the Anti-Apartheid Movement 89 Charlotte Street London W1P 2D, where it will be recorded and sent on to your Bank Pr8 July-August 1*77 Anti'Apart d News

New and decisive stage in Namibian liberation struggle Western pressure forces Vorster to disguise plan ACCORDING to Western West Africa Constitution Amend- through the tribal framewo spokesmen, Vorster has made ment Bill was presented to the already devised by the Turn major concessions over the South African Parliament to as the basisfor Namibia's in granting of independence to provide for the appointment of the pendence constitution. Namibia. While Vorsten has proposed Administrator-General, In terms of Vorster's "cc who would probably be a South sions", South African troop clearlybeen under so es Africanjudge. The Administrator. remain in Namibia to maint pressure from the West, whites General would act as the represen- "Iam and order" during the living in Namibia have received tative of the South African State lions and indeed throughou a rather different and certainly President and would have full interim period and would o more reassuring message. control over whatever procedures withdrawn at independence AA NEWS looks at what has and regulations are devised for the South Africa considered tha reallybeen going on. elections. ObviouslySouth Africa Namibia's "security" was in would favour some formula which way threatened. Press repor VORSTER has supposedly aban- threw up the in a new imminent withdrawal of Sol doned hiu plan to set up an interim gus.African troops have been ca government in Namibia based on guise.Afiatroshvbenc gohernentraiba ase on vou The Administrator-General, in cally denied by Vorster's Ft the Turnhalle tribal talks, in favour short, would simply be Vorster's Minister, Pik Botha. wo would pee ror-erathe representative.DirkMudge, a As ifaddinga final insult country until independence. member of the white delegation to injury, Vorster had made pr unth ansti pe c , the Turnhalle and regarded by in the Cc free elections would be held many as Vorster's choice for tion Bill to return the port innolng all parties, including Namibia's first prime minister, Bay once and for all to Soul SWAPO, to elect a constituent confirmed over South African Africa's control, iii blatant d assemblywhich would have the radio on the same day that South regard of repeated calls by responsibility of drafting a consti- Africa would "effectively be in full and the international comm tution for an independent Namibia, control of Namibia during the that it is and must remain a The AdministratorGeneralwould interimperiod", integralpertofNamibia. cooperate with a United Nations He also told his audience that In a statement issued in I representatiue appointed by the IN he was satisfied that there would during the 29th session of tI Secretary-General to supervise the be no "improper interference" by Liberation Committee, SWA electoral process. whoever was appointed to represent President Sam Nujornareaff lhe fact that South Africa is the United Nations. While Vorster that the immediate and tot now movieg quickly ahead to per has so far refused the spell out his drawal of all South African these new found plans into prastice view of the UN's role during the from Namibia is an unavoid and is apparently anxious to hold pre-independence elections it is Precondition for any kind o clear that it falls very far short of negotiations on when and hi etectios as soon as pOssib e is in the liberation movement's demand territory will proceed to ind itself a loud warting that ast for full Supervision and control.. . . for well.sItervicloarathatotteoV.rster regime ias ne intntinowhatrsoecer The Turnhalle tribal chiefs and WhsIeSWAPO remains pr of consulting she Namibian people ther pro-South African groupings to talk to the Pretvria regim overonseltiopseNinsideNamibiaarenowrapidly suchdiscussionsmustbeon over the proposals, other than its transforming themselves into basis of surrender of power own Nationalist Party suporters political parties in the hope of Namibian people. As long as end the puppet chiefs who have .. carrying the hoard in an early SWAPO's conditions fail to been attending the Turnhalle. election. Any such victory would the armed struggle will cont As earlyas June 13, a South leave the wayonen for nushing and will be stepped up. SWAPO condemns S rk halle de oncesis would ain elect the nly be if at ts of an uth tegorioreign to ovision nstituof Walvis t is SWAPO unity n Luanda he OAU iPO's irmed I withtroops able ow the lepeneared e, any the to the be met, inue SWAPO medical kits in use Chief Medical Officer reports DR Libertine Amathile, SWAPO's Chief Medical Officer in Zambia. has been able to report back to AA NEWS on the arrival in Angola of the first ten SWAPO medical kite. "The contents are lovely," she said during a visit to London in June: "I hae taken out one or two things and added others," pertly to keep the weight down and also to ensure that the kits are geared to the prevailing needs in the war zones - malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, worms, malnutrition and first aid in battie. One point for those who make up the kits to note - the lightcoloured shoulder bags that hae baes used so far pose something of a security risk and would he safer camouflaged in dark gry or green. Dr Amathile told AA NEWS that SWAPO could make use of up to 100 kits by the end of this year, after which she would be able to replenish the shoulder bags from medicines purchased in Zambia. She is now preparing a training and instruction manual, in English and later in the vernacular, for inclusion in the kits, As Chief Medical Officer, Dr Amathille is responsible for the health of 1500 Namibisas at SWAPO's Education and Health Centre in Zambia -dround 400 pf whom are children under 5 - and for running a training programme for nurses and medical assistants. She also buys drugs and acts as consultant for medical teams working directly with the freedom fighters and in the war zones of northern Namibia, in liaison with SWAPO colleagues in Angola. She is planning soon to open a rehabili. tation centre for war victims in Zambia - these who have lost limbs or eyes in South African bombing raids and attacks, and those who have suffered psychological damage. Inside Namibia, as well a in the camps, medical needs are enormous. "rhe South African government has built beautiful hospitals," she said, "but they are just to fool people." The service provided inside is outdated and inadequate, and the nurses share the arrogant attitudes of their apartheid bosses. Black patients ave used as guinea. pigs by white medical students, and many die on the operating table. Mission hospitals provide far batter facilities but most of them in the north have been closed down on the orders of the South African Defence Force. Pictur by The Guardian Dr Libertine Asmthile South African troops in fact claim to he providing medical services in the north as part of their much- pblicised "hearts and mind" campaign - but "I haven't seen any evidence of it," Dr Amethile said. Medical aid is now coming from Sweden, Norway and Holland, with the British Government as Dr Amethile's next target. So far the British Government has given nothing towards SWAPO's medical programme, despite its claims to he providing humanitarian assistance to the Namibian liberation movement. five power talks THE talks between the five Western powers and the Vorster regime over Namibia were unequivocally condemned by SWAPO President Sam Nujoma at a conference held in Lisbon, June 17-20. The 'World Conference Against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism" was called to mobilise further solidarity, especially in Western Europe, with the people of Southern Africa. Sam Nuiona described the fivepower talks as "incredible and ridiculous" and underlined SWAPO's concern that not only were the-ambassadors of the five Britain, US, France, West Germany and Canada - talking to Vorster, but they were now talking to representatives of the Turnhalle conference. He said that SWAPO would only talk to Vorster when its demands had been met. They were 0 the withdrawal of all South African troops from Namibia 0 the release of all political prisoners in Namibia and all imprisoned Namibians in South Africa 0 the admission by the South African regime that Walvis Bay is part of Namibia 0 recognition of the UN Council for Namibia as the only legal authority in Namibia. In its final Programme of Action and General Dec/a ation, the confer- ence adopted a comprehensive series of recommendations for solidarity activity. Proposals were grouped around three main points: support for the liberation movements, the isolation of South Africa and increased educational work and dissemination of information. Governments were ,urged to end all forms of collaboration, especially in the milita y and economic fields. Oliver Tambo, Acting President of the African National Congress of South Africa and Joshua Nkoro and Robert Mugabe, joint leaders of the Patriotic Front of Zimbabwe, all stressed the need for enhanced solidarity efforts in the face of intensified repression and Western moves to undermine the armed struggle. Representatives of the UN, OAU and 200 other international, national and other organisations attended the mening, including delegates from anti-apartheid movements and solidarity groups, political parties, governments, church bodies, trade union and youth organisations Some came from as far as USA and Japan. The British delegation to the conference consisted of representatives of the AAM, the Labour Party, National Union of Students, Inter. national Defence and Aii Fund, Liberation and other organisation. Namibian put to death by Vorster's hangmen A Namibian, Philemon Nangolo, International Committee of the was executed in on :Red Cross, urging them to interMay 30 after being convicted last vane to obtain a stayof execution October on charges under the in order to get the death sentence Terrorism Act. He was severely commuted. paralysed as a result of being shot In the black township of bythe South African police just Katutura, near Windhoek, over before he was arrested. 1000 mourners attended Nangolo's He had been convicted of taking funeral. A SWAPO spokesman, part in the shooting of four people Philip Tjerije, declared him "a hero - all of them white - at a remote and martyr in the struggle for the farm outside Windhoek. liberation of Namibia". The Vorster regime went ahead SWAPO Secretary for Informawith the hanging in spite of appeals tion, Peter Katjvivi, issued a by the five Western permanent statement condemning the hanging members of the UN Security asa"brutalexecution"."The Council, concerned about the South African occupation of credibility of their negotiations Namibia is illegal," he said, "and over Namibia. The British Nangolo's execution is to be Ambassador in , Sir regarded as murder." David Scott, protested before the He went on: "We dismiss the hanging and the Foreign Office notion that Nangolo's case is not a expressed "great regret" after it had political one. The illegal South takenplace. African occupation of Namibia is Before the execution SWAPO founded on violence and repression appealed to the UN Secretary and Nangolo's actions, while not General Kurt Waldheim, Prime endorsed bySWAPO, must be Minister Callaghan, the International understood in this context." Commission of Jurists and the Medical Kits for Namibia Fund-raising Party Saturday July 23 8 p Keskidee Centre, Gifford Street, London N1 0 African freedom songs , Live music from Namibia I] 0 Dancing - Food 0 Tickets £1 (including meal) Namibia Support Committee 21/25 Tabernacle St, London EC2 Y

IS the argument for a cultural boycott of South Africa still a valid one? DAVID EDGAR shows how the argument that playwrights and artists should build bridges with white South Africans is being eroded IT has been a bad few months for those who believe in the cultural isolation of apartheid. A leading British playwright, Tom Stoppard, has agreed to allow his play Dirty Linen to be performed to segregated audiences in South Africa. And the film and television technicians union, ACTT, has lifted its instruction to members not to work in or handle material from the Republic. What is interesting about both these decisions, however, is not that they were made, but how. No, the fascinating story is not of the matter but the manner. For, at the ACTT conference, we saw the old-fashioned liberal arguments (individual-conscience-buildingbridges-What-About-Russia?) melt away, exposing the sharp rocks of brute self-interest. The conference was faced with a finely-orchestrated right-wing cam. paign and two motions. The first had a worthyand apologetic tinge: vestating abhorrence of apartheid, a talking merely of "the rJght of, individual members to make their own decisiops" on " political and mra8l questions". The second motion, however, was the one that ws passed, and this had an together different tone: "This conference considers that the prime function of this Union is 'to nreguard its membership and, whilst not condoning the policies of South Africa and those of many other countries, instructs Conference to withdraw from its South African policyand, in future consider carefully the ramifications of implementing any political policies before making thew policies." The arguments used in the debate, lacked a familiar ring. fo doors were kept open. No bridges were constructed. No, it was simply a matter of the rights of ACTT members to make money out of racism if they wi shed to. And even ACTT President Robert Bolt, who was elected because of his stand against apartheid, left the chair to point out that the policy was unworkable, without mentioning that the reason it was difficult to implement was that it had been consistently undermined by the right-wing on the union Executive. Bolt, of course, did reaffirm his condemnation of apartheid. His fellow well-heeled playwright Stoppard may, too, object to the system which will segregate the audiences of his play. And all sorts of liberal arguments (such as those employed by South African playwright Athol Fugerd, at least until his two actors were arrested in the Transkei for performing his play) may have been at the back of his mind, such as Isn'tRussia-Just-As-Bad. However, that is more difficult to believe since the announcement that Stoppard has dedicated his latest play to Soviet dissidents Bukovsky and Fainberg. Clearly he views oppression in the Soviet Union as a matter on which neutrality is impossible (and there I agree with him). However, this throws his South African line into an interesting relief. Has the "Both As Bad" argument been converted into "Russia A Lot Worse" for liberal playwrights, as it has for the increasing number of Tory MPs who find capitalist-backed minority rule a greet degl preferable to Communist or even nonaligned majority rule? The evaporation of the conventional liberal arguments does indicate that the battle lines may be, in the wake of Soweto and the Zimbabwe liberation war, much starker than supposed. One is for a cultural boycott, or one is for amoral self-interest, or one is for the continuance in power of the South African regime. The bridgebuilders and door-openers have left their bridges to totter and their doors to slam. David Edge -is author ofa large number of political plays including Dick Deterred, Operation Ilrt, The Dunkirk Spirit and, most recently, Destiny, an anti-fascist play that has recently hida successuI run at the Aldwych Theatre, London. He is Vice-Chairman of the 'iters'Section of the ACTT, i and a member of the union's Committee on Equality. Battle lines are drawn in arts boycott SOUTH Africa has had television for eighteen months now. Like other public services there it is run predominantly by and for whites. By the end of this year to per cent of the white population will live in areas with TV reception. Blacks in these areas will also be able to switch on - if they are among the lucky few township dwellers with electricity. In the rural black areas there will be neither TV nor electricity nor many other things in the forseable future. Television programmes are virtually all-white too. There are no black announcers or presenters, and very few black performers. The variety department has put an unofficial ban on black South African singers being featured. "International" blacks liked by Europeans, such as Johnny Mathis, are OK, but local black singers like Margaret Singena have never appeared on the South African box. A small number of black faces have been seen, in their "proper" roles as servants in domestic soap operas. SATV is directly statecontrolled, with a Board appointed on Cabinet recommendation. An opening directive from one of the executives stated that programmes should "follow government policy". The net result is that South African programmes arep.edctable and dull, heavilyfavouring wildlife, classical music and sport. Even here problems arise. When the All Blacks played the Springoks, for instance, the camera never once lingered on the crowd at the black end of the ground, and passed very quickly over the New Zealanders' gals lest the black spectators' enthusiasm for the visiting team be too apparent. Given the political straitjacket, not many TV producers from other countries are lured to work for SATV even at the attractive salaries offered. One who has gone is Alan Johnson, a former ITV cameraman and assistant producer, now in charge of sport programmes on SATV. He laments the fact that SATV has only 14 outside broadcast cameras altogether, comparing it with the total of 17 used to cover the British Cup Final alone. Perhaps that was why South Africa was so keen to see the Cup Final by satellite. In general it is technicians and engineers who are most likely to be recruited abroad. Randall Miles, formerly of the BBC and Telefis Eireann, spent three years in South Africa as supervisor and instructor in the lighting division. Because of the dearth of good local programmes, SATV imports a lot of foreign material, mainly series from Britain and the US. The British Equity ben on the sale of programmes including British actors has curbed this flow con. siderably, but there are several Elias Motsoaledi -prisoner of apartheid IN the second of its series of portraits of political prisoners in South Africa, AA NEWS tells the story of Elias Motsoaledi, who was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Rivonla Trial in 1964. AS a young man Elias Motsoaledi was forced to leave school after Standard VI because his family could not afford to keep him there and to take a succession of low-paying jobs. He quickly became interested in trade unionism which cost him job after job. Soon he joined both the Communist Party and the African National Congress and was later elected to the ANC's Provisional Executive in the Transvaal. In 1949 he was elected chairman of the African Furniture, Mattress and Bedding Workers Union and the Transvaal Council of NonEuropean Trade Unions. In 1952 came his first spell in prison, when he was detained for his part in the Defiance Campaign. After his release he was served with stringent banning orders while he was still in hospital, recovering from tuberculosis. He was detained again - this time for three months - during the 1960 State of Emergency after . In 1963 he was held under the 90-day law and kept in solitary confinement for 50 days. He was then brought to court with Nelson Mandela and other ANC leaders and sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage. He told the court that he had joined the ANC's military wing, , at the end of 1962 and had been a member of the Technical Committee of the Johannesburg Regional Command. In that capacity, he had helped to recruit men for overseas training. He also described how he had been tortured by the police while he was being held in detention. During the trial his wife Caroline was detained for 161 days and forced to leave her 7 children, including her 6-month .old baby. ways round it. SATV kicked off, for instance, with "World at War" and the "Avengers" and the "Sweeney" quickly followed escaping the ban on the grounds that they are "international productions". Much of the equipment for the television service has of course come from abroad. The general manager of London Weekend Television, Vic Gardiner, visited South Africa in February 1975 to arrange for the sale of some new electronic equipment manufactured by a London Weekend Television subsidiary. Earlier he had sold South Africa the design combines for video cameras. The black people of South Africa see television as a luxury which is taking priority over the provision of essential services such as housing and education. They have showe their feelings by publicly rejecting the offerof "Bantu TV", a separate black channel intended to complete the concept of segregated TV. The idea has now been scrapped - for financial reasons. Finance has also dictated the introduction of commercials in 1978. Here is an area in which foreign expertise will be in demand, and many of those now making adverts for ITV will no doubt be approached. Whet jingle would you use to advertise apartheid? PEACE NEWS for non-violent struggles and making alternatives. Information, analysis, strategies for social change. £3 for 6 months subscription. £1 for trial six issues, From 8 Efms Avenue, Nottingham. LABOUR's independent monthly - LABOUR LEADER - for socialism'and the Labour Party. Annual subsoription £1.30. Send for a sample copy from ILP, 49 Top Moor Side, Leeds LS1 I 9LW. CHALLENGE, monthly paper of the Young Communist League. Price 8P. Subscription £2.24 12 issues. Send to 28 Bedford St, London WC2. YOUR Rights and the Police. Pamphlet published by NCCL, 186 Kings Cross Road, London WCX 9DE. 20p inc postage. Bulk orders: £1.75 for 10 copies; £7.50 for 50 copies; £10 for 100 copies. SANITY, the Paper of the Cam. paign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), keeps you in touch with the arms race, the threat of war and hopes for peace. £1 a year from CND, Eastbourne House, Bullards Place, London El OPT. SOME British Christian Magazines and Periodicals - directory of over 100 Christian and other small magazines. Published by the Uouncil of ONE for Christian Renewal. Available from ONE Publications, 169 Forest Road, Loughborough, Leics. Price 30p. PHOTO CRAFT 4 Heath Street London NW3 Photographic dealers and Blacks as servants only on S African television SOUTH AFRICAN GREETINGS CARDS THE International University Exchange Fund is pleased to offer a set of ten Greetings Cards to honour the memory of those massacred by the South African police in Soweto and other townships in South Africa since June 1976. The cards have all been designed by a South African artist, Dumi l Feni, himself a freedom fighter and a victim of the system of oppression and apartheid in South Africa. Any income derived from their sale will be used to support the various organisations forming the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa to help them in their work for freedom and justice. Each card: 8 in x 6 in (200 x 150mm), printed black, with envelope Price £1.20 per set of ten (post free) To: International University Exchange Fund, 21/25 Tabernacle St, London EC2 Iencosee... to pay for ..... sets of cards Name ...... Address ...... ------..... OUT NOW! People's Power special double issue Nos 7 and a Documents from FRELIMO Third Congress Failed Putsch in Angola Single issue 60p + postage From: Mozambique, Angola and Guine Information Centre, 12 Little Newport St, LondonrWC2

VREV] -Life in Soweto a struggle for survival JOYCE Sikakane started writing her book 'Window Into Soweto" soon after she left South Africa in 1973. She says that the people of Soweto were angry and desperate then, and she felt that they would need very little further pushing before they took action. She wanted the outside world to know, when the time came, how much provocation the black people of South Africa had.suffered. In June t976 came the news of the school students' demonstration in Soweto, and the shootings, which led to more demonstrations and more shootings in other parts of the country as well as in Soweto itself. Some months later, the people of Soweto demonstrated with such force and determination against the decision to raise their .rents, that the rent rise was postponed indefinitely. In June 1977. on the anniversary of the demonstrations of 1976, there were more demonstrations, and demonstrators were again shot by the police. And now we hae Joyce ? Sikakane's book. It is compulsive reading, and intensely informative. She herself is the window we look through when we read, for she grew up in Sqweto and has spent most of her life there. She tells her own story, and there emerges from it, clear and vivid, a picture of life in the township and, more generally, a picture of black urban life in Sob.th Africa. She shows us a world where mere survival is a struggle for both ASIA AND AFRICA TODAY Great changes have taken place in Africa and Asia in the last few years - as more and more countries hane thrown off the -shackles of imperialism in their drive for national liberation and independence. A question frequently asked is: "What is the attitude of the Soviet Union to these new developments?" Now is your chance to find out - by subscribing to a new Englishlanguage journal - ASIA AND AFRICA TODAY - which is posted to you direct from Moscow. An illustrated hi-monthly, this journal looks at political, cultural and economic life in African and Asian countries. A subscription costs £1.50 for one year (6 issues) and £2.25 for two yeses (12 issues). Send this form, with your remittance, to Central Books Ltd, 37 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8PS Please supply AFRICA AND ASIA TODAY for 1 yearl2 years Nam e ...... Address ...... enclose...... Joice Sikakane sexes, and an even more arduous struggle if there are school-going children in the family. (Joyce herself was oneof the two per cent of African children who matricalate.) It is a wtrld where there is no argument about who is to do the housework, because all members of the family work long hours, and all must take a turn at rising early in the morning to light the stove. Joyce Sikakane shows us Soweto itself as a place where there are few jobs and little means of earning a living, for work mast he sought in the city, a long bus ride away: she herself, when confined there under a banning order, tried to make a living by selling knitted garments, and found she could not, for Soweto women have little spare money for new clothes. She gives us a picture of South Africa as a place where a love affair between white and black is illegal, and even ordinary friendly conversation between the races can evoke disapproval, abuse and even threats from whites who witness it. Joyce Sikakane spent over a year in prison, without being convicted, for, acquitted in her trial, she was rearrested before she had left the court and placed once more in solitary confinement under the Terrorism Act. When I met Joyca, she described again the sad crying of the prison babies, left in the calls all day while their mothers were at work. We discussed my own memory of lines of women prisoners in Barherton Prison and the Fort in Johannesburg, hurrying to work, while the wardresses heat them with the long leather straps attached to bunches of keys, so that if a woman carried a baby on her back, it was often the baby who was beaten. She told me how she used to hear the sounds of men and dogs going into the women's cells near hers, the sound of blows and the screams of women being beaten. She herself feels that her book does not give a full enough picture of the condition of ordinary black women prisoners in South African gaols. Sometimes, she says, cases of assault on black men prisoners come to court, but never a case of assault on black a woman. "A black woman," she says, 'Is the most illiterate of the community. She LEWS How racialism feeds on appeasement doesn't know her rights. She'll never take a case to court, because she won't know where to start." We agreed, ton, that the plight of women political prisoners in South Africa is less well-publicised than that of the men. Women political prisoners are held in gaols like Nylstroom, Barberton and Kroonstad, all a long way from the large cities, and they are therefore less frequently visited. Some years ago it was discovered that a whole group of black women political prisoners in gaol at Nylstroom had not had a visit of . any kind, nor any news of the outside world, for two years. This omission apart, however, it is remarkable how much information about the political and economic position of black people in South Africa is packed into Joyca Sikakane's apparently simple personal narrative, It ranks as one of the best books of its kind that has ever come out of South Africa. Jean Middleton A Window on Soweto by Joyce Sikakaeo is published by the International Defence and Aid Fund, 104 Newgate St, London ECI. Price sop., The National Front by Martin Walker Published by Fontana. Price £1. "YOUNGER members of the audience may not recognise the noise in the gallery. I first heard that noise in Nuremburg in 1936." Those words were uttered in 1970. The speaker was John Ennals, at that time Chairman of the AAM. The reference was to an attempt by National Front members to disrupt a public meeting called to protest against arms sales to South Africa. The perceptiveness of John Ennals' observation is made abundantly clear in this useful and informative book. It begins with an account of the development of British fascist ideas and organisations since Mosley in the 1930s. It goes on to explain how the National Front came to be formed in 1967, through a merger of the British National Party, the League of Empire Loyalists and the Greater Britain Movement. What emerges starkly from this history is that attempts by successive governments to appease racialism have failed lamentably and can never hope to succed. The most telling point made in the book's conclusion is that high unemployment and cuts in social spending have brought NF electoral gains in traditionally Labour-voting working-clas arms. The indignant denials by the Front's leaders that their Ideology is nazi or fascist have a'very hollow ring. As Martin Walker points out, John Tyndall, the Front's chairman, was celebrating Hitler's birthday as recently as 1966; in 1971 he was hobnobbing with former members of the German Nazi Party at a conference organised by an outfit calling itself the Northern League; and his contributions to the NF magazine Spearhead read like extracts from Mein Kampf. This makes it all the more extraordinary that the author declares in his introduction his belief that the NF "have a right to make their points to the electorate, to hire public halls, apd to stand for elections" and that "If they win a British general election, they are entitled to my respect". It is this kind of half-baked, sloppy liberalism which resulted not only in that noise in Nuremburg but also in cries of agony and' despair in Belsen, Buchenwald, Dachau and Auschwitz. Peter Jones Labour Government must act to outlaw mercenarism in Britain The Whores of War - Mercenaries Today by Wilfred Burchett and Derek Roebuck, Published by Penguin . Price 75p A YEAR and a half ago in the House of Lords, a Labour Minister stated: "We deplore, and we would seek to do everything in our power to stop, mercenary incursion from this country or any other country into Angola." And yet, just a few weeks before, a large number of British mercenaries had been allowed to leave the country with virtually no control. Over half had no passports and were allowed (without question or even proper identification) to sign the indemnity forms which permit one to leave Britain without a passport. Far more seriously, a number who boarded the plane to Brussels were wanted by the police. For example, John Barker (later captured, tried and executed by the Angolan authorities) jumped bail to become a mercenary. Another man was convicted after returning from Angola for an offence committed before he left. He had already been given a suspended sentence for a different offence In fact, the ease with which these men without passports got through the passport control can only lead to the suspicion that the Government or its agencies were actively assisting them. The only one who did not get to Angola was a Belgian who was arrested by the Belgian police in Brussels. These details of British complicity in the mercenary trail to Angola are given in this new and important book. It deals mainly with the activities of mercenaries operating in northern Angola, and is based on the trial of 13 of them in Luanda about a year ago. The incompetence of these particular mercenaries is shown the number of effective military operations they were involved in was small. Their brutality is also very evident. The infamous "Colonel" Callan ended his active participation in the war by mistaking an ammunition carrier for a tank. He fired an anti-tank missile at it from close range and was badlyinjured in the subsequent explosion. The circumstances of the execation of 14 of the mercenaries by Callan is pieced together in horrific detail both from the trial and from press reports from those who returned. The lack of real African support for Holden Roberto's FNLA is crystal clear. The main importance of the book is its revelation of the appalling way in which the mercenaries were quite openly recruited in the UK for this operation, were then recruited for the right wing faction in the Lebanon, and are still being recruited for the Rhodesian and South African armies. What is more, they are now being recruited for an army which is, on the whole, very efficient. The Rhodesian security forces have got mess of the arms, equipment and ammunition they want. What they do not have is personnel. The Angolan shambles is not being repeated, so the situation is far more serious What can be done? The writers of the book are sceptical about the British Government's view that the Foreign Enlistment Act of 1870 is unusable. They do a very careful analysis of the Diplock Report, which shows what a reactionary and dangerous document it is. It describes the laws for a selection of other countries - showing among other things how inadequate British law and practice is compared to some other countries. It reproduces a draft convention on the prevention and suppression of the use of mercenaries. Of course, in the case of Rhodesia, the sanctions legislation can be used to stop recruitment ment of almost any kind, let alone recruitment into a rebel army. The Whores of War is not an expensive book. It should be bought and read, and the information in it used to stop this evil and dangerous traffic in armed men. The authorities have adequate powers. What they do not have is the political will to use them. The refusal of the British Government to encourage draft dodging from the rebel Rhodesian regime's army is sadly consistent with its attitude to mercenaries. The Anti-Apartheid Movement and its brafhches must take a leading part in making certain that British mercenaries do not become one of the factors propping up the white regime in Southern Africa. It must supply the political will lacking in the Labour Government Kewflaeyv

X* 2 il-Agurt197 Ants-parhi -News$ The sun is rising on the end'l of fascism in South Africa' THOUSANDSofpeople wasarrengedby Southamptondemoin marched through the centre of trustees of the Christian Intitute London on June 18 to comme- of Southern Africa. shopping precinct moral thebeginning ofthe On June1 NkosazneaDismini 1976Soweto uprising end spoke ata meeting at the Africa SOUTHAMPTON Anti-Apartheid subsequent murder by the Centre to mark the anniverary of Group held a demonstration in the South African police of the beginning of the South African town's shopping precinct on Satur. hundrdsofblacksthroughout uprisings. dayJune11tocommemorate ISdouthAfica TheInternationalDfenceand thosewhodiedinthepolice AidFundsseeed165slde shootings last year in South Africa. , OrnitedbyNUS and NUSS, depicting scnes during the demton- Members held crosses in memory of n.edemnonstration of students, stations last year. Based on t the victims end distributed'over trade unionistsAntipareid ehitionshownat 1000leafletstosthoppers. groups and members of political the Africa Centre last Much, it Over 70 people attended aparties was led bythe banner of the showed both the brotaltyof the meeting organised by the Group on African National Congress. racist police and the growing ThursdayJune 16. Among the Stephen Diamini, executive resistance to the whole apartheid speakers were Robert Petersen, preeident of the South African systemThmeetingw representingSACTU,localLabour CongressofTraeUnione,and byEtheldoKeyser. MFBrianGould,andANCmember ANCexecutiememer,toldthe arndex-p0itical prisoner Stephen - allt:"lesnisrisingontheend Commemoration Gawe. of fascism In South Africa - the SouthemptonAAGroupis armedstrugleisgoingtoput service atStPaul's. planningtoholdaconferenceon Vorscer ad his gang in their grates ATA commemorationsevieheld Southern Africa for local ttade from which apartheid will never in rhe crypt ofSot Paul's Cathedral unionists in October. 'isit again."inhecp fS ulCteda "Bowd she principles onpe Glasgow AA holds ,slil inth F Catmrremebeethose who had died in esind i theFreedom rte the shootings in South Africa. consulate vigil of 15i, the ANC stands f or the Nkoszna Dlaminit, former creation of a South Africa in which Vceprfsdent of the bv th GLASGOW Anti-Apartheid Move ll w l ove ntand wealhAfrcanStudentsOftanaeio,said ment held a vigil outside the South o sharnthe thattheAfricaneppleo Africanconulate'sofficein onJ that .aPeopleh n* GlesgowonJune16.Itwasjoined Sow othe ~ cou try. basesee noonlff hi "SouthAfricaisthehe"of ldbuofed ondfthr byChurchofScotiandmidisters, D Imperialism essbconvtinent. They eraf tode tradeunionistsandmanyothers Zimbabwe andNamibiaaethe Thuewoffreedto elaedth oeet prhed h libbtnoneofSouthernAfrice demnsraoroaiaridrs wreaoiinpthe llfreeuntilwedestroytthe ahecohn als,head of foyerofthecosulateTH hevadof racistimbsperialisms in thsaw onColnPrsdn ofthosewhodiedinlestyeas m Mae-"ouhfr theInternationalDefenceadAid m po m rs cr M. Fn, adna -uiefn fdd police shootings in Souith Africa. Nlge ~SephnDmnispn 7 udyear,mg fromtheco ab rt n' er o- edanthenotoriousnblsen ActingPresidentoftheAfrican Hoarr N o CotgressOliveanCe. *'End collaboration0oma , Ilninte1M wathn Therewere readings byGlenda -n Ban t ,~s Ih banntedadbanishedtoarrnote Jesn Barreg meetid wnitenh ParsofNetalforthenests7years, Jackson,Moruifrom ei C anBatya asdtie n rutusandm~usicfromMayibuye BANTAt-prtedGop -l sat lest ye~wasdesead end and the choir of the African Nation BARNET Anti-Apartheid Groyp cel/e torturedfor7nonthsbefore NationalCongress. heldapublicmeeting"Soweto poli escaping to Mozambique. - One Year On" at Friends Meet- the I "itweethefirsttimeinmylife Embassy picket ihgHouse,Finchley,onJune14.1t Sout thatIstoodonfreeoil,"hemeid sentaresolutiontoPrime Minister ae ofhisarrivalinMaputo. AROUND200membersand CallaghancallingontheBritish The rally was also addressed by supporters of the Anti-Apartheid Government to end all forms of Sue Slipean, President-Elect of Movement piketed the South collaboration with the Vorster NUS, Dan Hppeweil, Presidmnt of' African Embassy in Trafalgar regime and to give its full backing NUSS, and NssnzaaDlammi Square and South African Aiiways totheSouth African freedom Vic President of the South African office at Oxford Circus at lench- struggle. Students Oreanisation (SASOI. time on June 16. Theydistributed Robin Malin, speaking on C-hurchmen hld a vigil in the leaflets asking People to "Remnem- behalf of the African National crypt of St Martin's in the Fields barSoweto" and to oppos Congress, said that the uprisings in OV to ommemorate those who died British military and sconomic South Africa had shaken the pick lit last yar's lsooti.Thevigil support forapartheid. control oftheVorsterregime. oit SUTHERN AfRICA AT THE COMlIUHU NIVEP41TY CUL 9 takes place July 9-17 at the University of London Union Course and events will include "Southern Africa: Problems of Marxist Theory and Politics" Sunday July 10 Discussan of the relationship of dw and netionlim in Southern Africa, the Problem involved in the transition to socialism In Angola .and Mozambique and the natura of Imperialism in the area Cntrlbutors: Billy Nmnen, Paul Fouvet, Christabl Gurney and Misheke Clsinarraso MondayJuly11 7,30 - 10.00 pm Student Union, University College "Revolution in Southern Africa" A programme of speakers, slides, songa and poetry British trade union and Southern African liberation movement speakers International Defence and Aid Fund exhibition: "Soweto and the uprisings of 1976 in South Africa" aingarid Music by MAYIBUYE ation 8 (£2 deposit) Further information: Sally Hibbin. CUL 9, clol6 King St, London WC2 Paul Joseph, a former South African political prisoner with a long history of involvement in the liberation struggle, said that he looked forward to the day when those who had acted in solidarity with the liberation movement overseas would be able to visit a free South Africa. The meeting stood in silence to honour all those who have given their lives in the struggle for freedom in Southern Africa. French bishops express support FRENCH bishops expressed solidarity with the stand taken by South Africa's Roman Catholic bishops against apartheid. Their message said: "We wish to tell you how much we feel in connection with you in your call for man's rights and dignity." ER 100 Hull University students eted a meeting of the univerS Court on June16 in support public statement condemning apartheid. The Court rejected the motion put to it by students, who also asked it to organise a public meeting against apartheid and to reinvest the approximately £2 million worth of shares which the university holds in companies with subsidiaries in South Africa. The Court's meeting was the climax of a week of intensive activity on Southern Africa. Speakers at meetings held during the week included Jan Hoogendyk from the Anti-Apartheid Movement and Ignatius Chigwendere of the CIIR. Throughout the week the Student Union building was divided into "black" and "white" sections to bring home to students what apartheid means. At the Court meeting itself the university's Vice Chancellor, Professor S R Denison, opposed the first part of the motion, saying "I do not think that it is the proper function of a University to act as an arbiter or make moral judgments." Despite this he introduced an amendment which read: "The Court condemns the system of discrimination iredcational opportunities which operates in South Africa and the suppression of freedom in universities in the various dictatorships in Africa." In a strongly-worded statement bitterly disappointed students who had expected the first two parts of the motion to be passed, stated that '"We feel the University has shown itself afraid of discussion, afraid of debate and perhaps most disturbingly afraid of the search for truth, where that search will arouse controversy or argument." The students pledged themselves to continue to fight against support for racism in Southern Africa and "to continue to pressure the University to show itself similarly opposed to apartheid". Nick Hartiwick Pull out of SA' -Hull tudents tell university ~I S t