Zenobia of Palmyra1
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A RESOLUTION to Honor and Commend David L. Solomon Upon Being Named to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Business and Industry Hall of Fame
Filed for intro on 03/11/2002 HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 732 By Harwell A RESOLUTION to honor and commend David L. Solomon upon being named to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Business and Industry Hall of Fame. WHEREAS, it is fitting that the members of this General Assembly should salute those citizens who through their extraordinary efforts have distinguished themselves both in their chosen professions and as community leaders of whom we can all be proud; and WHEREAS, one such noteworthy person is David L. Solomon, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director of NuVox Communications, who makes his home in Nashville, Tennessee; and WHEREAS, David Solomon embarked upon a career as an accountant when his father, Frazier Solomon, former Director of State Audit and Personnel Director of the Office of the Comptroller of the Treasury of the State of Tennessee, read bedtime stories to him from an accounting manual from the age of four; David grew up to be the husband of a CPA and the son-in-law of a CPA; and WHEREAS, Mr. Solomon earned a Bachelor of Science in accounting from David Lipscomb University in Nashville in 1981 and went to work for the public accounting firm of HJR0732 01251056 -1- KPMG Peat Marwick; during his thirteen years at KPMG Peat Marwick, he rose to the rank of partner, gaining experience in public and private capital markets, financial management and reporting; and WHEREAS, David Solomon left in 1994 to join Brooks Fiber Properties (BFP) as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, as well as Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director of Brooks Telecommunications Corporation until it was acquired by BFP in January 1996; while at BFP, he was involved in all aspects of strategic development, raised over $1.6 billion in equity and debt, and built or acquired systems in 44 markets; and WHEREAS, since 1998, when BFP was sold to MCI WorldCom in a $3.4 billion transaction, Mr. -
Monumental Tombs of Ancient Alexandria
P1: ILM/IKJ P2: ILM/SPH QC: ILM CB427-Venit-FM CB427-Venit April 10, 2002 13:36 Char Count= 0 MONUMENTAL TOMBS OF ANCIENT ALEXANDRIA The Theater of the Dead marjorie susan venit University of Maryland iii P1: ILM/IKJ P2: ILM/SPH QC: ILM CB427-Venit-FM CB427-Venit April 10, 2002 13:36 Char Count= 0 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211,USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http: // www.cambridge.org C Marjorie Susan Venit 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Sabon 10/13 pt. System LATEX2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Venit, Marjorie Susan. Monumental tombs of ancient Alexandria : the theater of the dead / Marjorie Susan Venit. p. cm. isbn 0-521-80659-3 1. Tombs – Egypt – Alexandria. 2. Alexandria (Egypt) – Antiquities. 3. Alexandria (Egypt) – Social conditions. 4.Art– Egypt – Alexandria. I. Title. dt73.a4 v47 2002 932 – dc21 2001037994 -
Neo-Assyrian Palaces and the Creation of Courtly Culture
Journal of Ancient History 2019; 7(1): 1–31 Melanie Groß* and David Kertai Becoming Empire: Neo-Assyrian palaces and the creation of courtly culture https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0026 Abstract: Assyria (911–612 BCE) can be described as the founder of the imperial model of kingship in the ancient Near East. The Assyrian court itself, however, remains poorly understood. Scholarship has treated the court as a disembodied, textual entity, separated from the physical spaces it occupied – namely, the pa- laces. At the same time, architectural analyses have examined the physical struc- tures of the Assyrian palaces, without consideration for how these structures were connected to people’s lives and works. The palaces are often described as se- cluded, inaccessible locations. This study presents the first model of the Assyrian court contextualized in its actual palaces. It provides a nuanced model highlight- ing how the court organized the immense flow of information, people and goods entering the palace as a result of the empire’s increased size and complexity. It argues that access to the king was regulated by three gates of control which were manned by specific types of personnel and a more situational organization that moved within the physical spaces of the palace and was contingent on the king’s activity. Keywords: court culture, kingship, Assyrian Empire, royal palace As the first in a long sequence of empires to rule the Middle East, Assyria can be described as the founder of the imperial model of kingship. Its experiments in becoming an empire and the resulting courtly culture informed the empires that Anmerkung: This joined study has been supported by the Martin Buber Society of Fellows in the Humanities and Social Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. -
Pushing the Limit: an Analysis of the Women of the Severan Dynasty
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects Greek and Roman Studies 4-24-2015 Pushing the Limit: An Analysis of the Women of the Severan Dynasty Colleen Melone Illinois Wesleyan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/grs_honproj Part of the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Recommended Citation Melone, Colleen, "Pushing the Limit: An Analysis of the Women of the Severan Dynasty" (2015). Honors Projects. 5. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/grs_honproj/5 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Colleen Melone Pushing the Limit: An Analysis of the Women of the Severan Dynasty Abstract By applying Judith Butler’s theories of identity to the imperial women of the Severan dynasty in ancient Rome, this paper proves that while the Severan women had many identities, such as wife, mother, philosopher, or mourner, their imperial identity was most valued due to its ability to give them the freedom to step outside many aspects of their gender and to behave in ways which would customarily be deemed inappropriate. -
The Gallic Empire (260-274): Rome Breaks Apart
The Gallic Empire (260-274): Rome Breaks Apart Six Silver Coins Collection An empire fractures Roman chariots All coins in each set are protected in an archival capsule and beautifully displayed in a mahogany-like box. The box set is accompanied with a story card, certificate of authenticity, and a black gift box. By the middle of the third century, the Roman Empire began to show signs of collapse. A parade of emperors took the throne, mostly from the ranks of the military. Years of civil war and open revolt led to an erosion of territory. In the year 260, in a battle on the Eastern front, the emperor Valerian was taken prisoner by the hated Persians. He died in captivity, and his corpse was stuffed and hung on the wall of the palace of the Persian king. Valerian’s capture threw the already-fractured empire into complete disarray. His son and co-emperor, Gallienus, was unable to quell the unrest. Charismatic generals sought to consolidate their own power, but none was as powerful, or as ambitious, as Postumus. Born in an outpost of the Empire, of common stock, Postumus rose swiftly through the ranks, eventually commanding Roman forces “among the Celts”—a territory that included modern-day France, Belgium, Holland, and England. In the aftermath of Valerian’s abduction in 260, his soldiers proclaimed Postumus emperor. Thus was born the so-called Gallic Empire. After nine years of relative peace and prosperity, Postumus was murdered by his own troops, and the Gallic Empire, which had depended on the force of his personality, began to crumble. -
Hanigalbat and the Land Hani
Arnhem (nl) 2015 – 3 Anatolia in the bronze age. © Joost Blasweiler student Leiden University - [email protected] Hanigal9bat and the land Hana. From the annals of Hattusili I we know that in his 3rd year the Hurrian enemy attacked his kingdom. Thanks to the text of Hattusili I (“ruler of Kussara and (who) reign the city of Hattusa”) we can be certain that c. 60 years after the abandonment of the city of Kanesh, Hurrian armies extensively entered the kingdom of Hatti. Remarkable is that Hattusili mentioned that it was not a king or a kingdom who had attacked, but had used an expression “the Hurrian enemy”. Which might point that formerly attacks, raids or wars with Hurrians armies were known by Hattusili king of Kussara. And therefore the threatening expression had arisen in Hittite: “the Hurrian enemy”. Translation of Gary Beckman 2008, The Ancient Near East, editor Mark W. Chavalas, 220. The cuneiform texts of the annal are bilingual: Babylonian and Nesili (Hittite). Note: 16. Babylonian text: ‘the enemy from Ḫanikalbat entered my land’. The Babylonian text of the bilingual is more specific: “the enemy of Ḫanigal9 bat”. Therefore the scholar N.B. Jankowska1 thought that apparently the Hurrian kingdom Hanigalbat had existed probably from an earlier date before the reign of Hattusili i.e. before c. 1650 BC. Normally with the term Mittani one is pointing to the mighty Hurrian kingdom of the 15th century BC 2. Ignace J. Gelb reported 3 on “the dragomans of the Habigalbatian soldiers/workers” in an Old Babylonian tablet of Amisaduqa, who was a contemporary with Hattusili I. -
Ancient Civilizations
Ancient civilizations Mediterranean EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Cruise 8 DAYS /7 NIGHTS ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gregolimano CRUISE ON THE CLUB MED 2 Welcome aboard Club Med 2, for a unique experience that provides a gateway to the world. Elegance and comfort are the essence of this magnificent 5-masted sailing ship EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Mediterranean Ancient civilizations Cruise ◆ From 29/08/2020 to 05/09/2020 - 8 days / 7 ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gnirgehgtsolimano Your cruise Days Stages Arrival Departure Nautical Hall 1. Saturday ANTALYA .. 20:00 CLOSED 2. Sunday PAPHOS 12:00 19:00 CLOSED 3. Monday ALEXANDRIA 13:00 CLOSED 4. Tuesday ALEXANDRIA .. 21:00 CLOSED 5. Wednesday RHODES 21:00 CLOSED 6. Thursday RHODES .. 19:00 CLOSED 7. Friday SANTORINI 08:00 19:00 CLOSED 8. Saturday ATHENS 08:00 CLOSED Day 1 : Boarding from 16h to 19h Day 8 : Landing from 9h to 11h Date of publication: 10/03/2020 The information contained in this document is valid on this date, and is subject to change. For full, up-to-date information, contact your travel agent or the Club Med website. The images are non contractual, and serve only as an indication. 2 EUROPE & MEDITERRANEAN COASTS / ANTALYA TO ATHENS Mediterranean Ancient civilizations Cruise ◆ From 29/08/2020 to 05/09/2020 - 8 days / 7 ◆ EXTEND YOUR STAY IN A CLUB MED RESORT: Gnirgehgtsolimano Itinerary of your cruise Nicknamed the "Turkish Riviera", this seaside resort, which is the most popular in the country, is home to an old city which contains fine Day 1 - Saturday Antalya examples of local architecture, beautifully carved woodwork, mosques, etc. -
The Roman Augustae: the Most Powerful Women Who Ever Lived a Collection of Six Silver Coins
The Roman Augustae: The Most Powerful Women Who Ever Lived A Collection of Six Silver Coins Frieze of Severan Dynasty All coins in each set are protected in an archival capsule and beautifully displayed in a mahogany-like box. The box set is accompanied with a story card, certificate of authenticity, and a black gift box. The best-known names of ancient Rome are invariably male, and in the 500 years between the reigns of Caesar Augustus and Justinian I, not a single woman held the Roman throne—not even during the chaotic Crisis of the Third Century, when new emperors claimed the throne every other year. This does not mean that women were not vital to the greatest empire the world has ever known. Indeed, much of the time, the real wielders of imperial might were the wives, sisters, and mothers of the emperors. Never was this more true than during the 193-235, when three women—the sisters Julia Maesa and Julia Domna, and Julia Maesa’s daughter Julia Avita Mamaea—secured the succession of their husbands, sons, and grandsons to the imperial throne, thus guaranteeing that they would remain in control. The dynasty is known in the history books as “the Severan,” for Julia Domna’s husband Septimius Severus, but it was the three Julias—and none of the men—who were really responsible for this relatively transition of power. These remarkable women, working in a patriarchal system that officially excluded them from assuming absolute power, nevertheless managed to have their way. Our story begins in Emesa, capital of the Roman client kingdom of Syria, in the year 187 CE. -
Women’S History Month: Zenobia “The Warrior
Women's History Month: Zenobia "The Warrior Queen" Author : Robert D. Cobb So very often women’s rights and powerful women are thought to be limited to the very recent past, and powerful, strong women in history get forgotten. I think that it’s not only important to remember the Alexander the Great’s, or Napoleons of the past, but also the Cleopatra’s, Joan of Arc’s, and in this case: Zenobia’s of the past. Zenobia was known to her followers as “the Warrior Queen”. She drank with her generals and marched with her soldiers, she spoke 4 languages and knew her place in the world: at the top. While her family tree cannot be perfectly traced, she herself claimed lineage to both Cleopatra, and Dido, the Queen of Carthage. One thing was certain: she was well educated in both the ways of combat and in the classroom, and she commanded respect both on and off the battlefield, from friend and foe alike. By the year 258, Zenobia had married Odaenathus, the King of Palmyra. As his second wife, she bore him a child and raised his first son Hairan until both he and his father were assassinated. Zenobia, a woman who was not satisfied with her role as queen, and was ready to take the world by force if necessary is believed by some to have orchestrated the conspiracy that cost both her husband and her stepson their lives. According to Historia Augusta, Maeonius killed them both during a celebration due to a conspiracy arranged by the queen. -
The Calendars of Ebla. Part III. Conclusion
Andrews Unir~ersitySeminary Studies, Summer 1981, Vol. 19, No. 2, 115-126 Copyright 1981 by Andrews University Press. THE CALENDARS OF EBLA PART 111: CONCLUSION WILLIAM H. SHEA Andrews University In my two preceding studies of the Old and New Calendars of Ebla (see AUSS 18 [1980]: 127-137, and 19 [1981]: 59-69), interpreta- tions for the meanings of 22 out of 24 of their month names have been suggested. From these studies, it is evident that the month names of the two calendars can be analyzed quite readily from the standpoint of comparative Semitic linguistics. In other words, the calendars are truly Semitic, not Sumerian. Sumerian logograms were used for the names of two months of the Old Calendar and three months of the New Calendar, but it is most likely that the scribes at Ebla read these logograms with a Semitic equivalent. In the cases of the three logograms in the New Calendar these equiva- lents are reasonably clear, but the meanings of the names of the seventh and eighth months in the Old Calendar remain obscure. Not only do these month names lend themselves to a ready analysis on the basis of comparative Semitic linguistics, but, as we have also seen, almost all of them can be analyzed satisfactorily just by comparing them with the vocabulary of biblical Hebrew. Given some simple and well-known phonetic shifts, Hebrew cognates can be suggested for some 20 out of 24 of the month names in these two calendars. Some of the etymologies I have suggested may, of course, be wrong; but even so, the rather full spectrum of Hebrew cognates available for comparison probably would not be diminished greatly. -
Roman Britain in the Third Century AD
Roman Britain in the third century AD Despite Claudius’s invasion of Britain in AD 43, the population was still largely British with the local administrative capital at Venta Belgarum - now Winchester. By the 3rd century there was political unrest across the Roman Empire, with a rapid succession of rulers and usurpers. Some were in power for only a few months before being killed by rivals or during wars, or dying from disease. The situation became even more unstable in AD 260 when Postumus, who was Governor of Lower Germany, rebelled against the central rule of Rome and set up the breakaway Gallic Empire. For the next 14 years the Central and Gallic Empires were ruled separately and issued their own coinage. Despite the turmoil in the Empire as a whole, Britain appears to have experienced a period of peace and prosperity. More villas were built, for example, and there is little evidence of the barbarian raids that ravaged other parts of the Empire. Map showing the Gallic and Central Empires, courtesy of Merritt Cartographic 1 The Boldre Hoard The Boldre Hoard contains 1,608 coins, dating from AD 249 to 276 and issued by 12 different emperors. The coins are all radiates, so-called because of the radiate crown worn by the emperors they depict. Although silver, the coins contain so little of that metal (sometimes only 1%) that they appear bronze. Many of the coins in the Boldre Hoard are extremely common, but some unusual examples are also present. There are three coins of Marius, for example, which are scarce in Britain as he ruled the Gallic Empire for just 12 weeks in AD 269. -
Of the Roman Empire
EDITIONLAUSANNE Limited to one tbousand registered sets N0.4'7 THE DECLINEAND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE VOL. I1 THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BY EDWARD GIBBON EDITED BY J. B. BURY, M.A. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE RT. HON. W. E. H. LECKY VOL. I1 NEW YORK FRED DE FAU & COMPANY PUBLISHERS COPYRIGHT,I+, FRED DE FAU & COMPANY. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME PACE... LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS......... xu1 CHAPTER X The Emperors Decks. Gallus. Amilianus. Valerian. and Galliersur - The General Irruption of the Barbarians - The Thirty Tyrads A.D. 248-268 The Nature of the Subject .......i The Emperor Philip .........a 249 Services.Revolt. Victory. and Reign of the Emperor Decius . a 250 He marchesagainst the Goths ......3 Origin of the Goths from Scandinavia .....4 Religion of the Goths ........5 Institutions and Death of Odin .......6 Agreeable. but uncertainHypothesis concerning Odin . 6 Emigration of the Goths fromScandinavia into Prussia . 7 -from Prussia to theUkraine ...... 8 The Gothic Nation increases in its March .... 9 Distinction of the Germans and Sarmatians ....10 Description ofUkraine the ......10 The Goths invade the Roman Provinces .....11 250 Various Events of the Gothic War ... ..12 251 Decius revives the ofice of Censor in the Person of Valerian . 14 The Design Impracticable. and without Effect ....15 Defeat and Death of Decius and his Son .....16 251 Election of Gallus .........IS 252 Retreat of the Goths ....... 18 gallus purchases Peace by the Payment of an annual Tnbut; 18 Popular Discontent .........19 253 Victory and Revolt of Ahilianus ......20 Gallus abandoned and slain .......20 Valerian revenges the Death of Gallus .....21 Is acknowledged Emperor ........21 'i Character of Valerian ....