Ancient Civilizations
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wjert, 2016, Vol. 2, Issue 6, 109 -124 Review Article ISSN 2454-695X Hassaan . World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology World Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor: 3.419 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN ANCIENT EGYPT, PART XXXI: HUMAN WOODEN STATUES (PREDYNASTIC TO 13th DYNASTY) Prof. Dr. Galal Ali Hassaan* Emeritus Professor, Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt. Article Received on 12/10/2016 Article Revised on 01/11/2016 Article Accepted on 21/11/2016 ABSTRACT *Corresponding Author This is the 31st research paper exploring the evolution of Mechanical Prof. Dr. Galal Ali Hassaan Engineering in Ancient Egypt. The paper investigates the production of Emeritus Professor, human wooden statues in ancient Egypt starting from the Predynastic Department of Mechanical Period up to the 13th Dynasty. The design of the wooden statues, the Design & Production, used raw material, date and present location are investigated. The Faculty of Engineering, clothing and headdress of the statues is highlighted and the beauty Cairo University, Egypt. aspects associated with some wooden statues. The analysis outlined also the degree of sophistication of the used mechanical technology producing amazing statues. KEYWORDS: History of mechanical engineering, ancient Egypt, human wooden statues, Predynastic to 13th Dynasty. INTRODUCTION This is the 31st research paper in a series aiming at exploring the evolution of mechanical engineering in ancient Egypt through the different activities of their wonderful civilization. The ancient Egyptians used different materials for the production of their human statues such as wood, ivory, clay, pottery, faience, brass, bronze and stone. -
Monumental Tombs of Ancient Alexandria
P1: ILM/IKJ P2: ILM/SPH QC: ILM CB427-Venit-FM CB427-Venit April 10, 2002 13:36 Char Count= 0 MONUMENTAL TOMBS OF ANCIENT ALEXANDRIA The Theater of the Dead marjorie susan venit University of Maryland iii P1: ILM/IKJ P2: ILM/SPH QC: ILM CB427-Venit-FM CB427-Venit April 10, 2002 13:36 Char Count= 0 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211,USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http: // www.cambridge.org C Marjorie Susan Venit 2002 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2002 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Sabon 10/13 pt. System LATEX2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Venit, Marjorie Susan. Monumental tombs of ancient Alexandria : the theater of the dead / Marjorie Susan Venit. p. cm. isbn 0-521-80659-3 1. Tombs – Egypt – Alexandria. 2. Alexandria (Egypt) – Antiquities. 3. Alexandria (Egypt) – Social conditions. 4.Art– Egypt – Alexandria. I. Title. dt73.a4 v47 2002 932 – dc21 2001037994 -
International Selection Panel Traveler's Guide
INTERNATIONAL SELECTION PANEL MARCH 13-15, 2019 TRAVELER’S GUIDE You are coming to EGYPT, and we are looking forward to hosting you in our country. We partnered up with Excel Travel Agency to give you special packages if you wish to travel around Egypt, or do a day tour of Cairo and Alexandria, before or after the ISP. The following packages are only suggested itineraries and are not limited to the dates and places included herein. You can tailor a trip with Excel Travel by contacting them directly (contact information on the last page). A designated contact person at the company for Endeavor guests has been already assigned to make your stay more special. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS: The Destinations • Egypt • Cairo • Journey of The Pharaohs: Luxor & Aswan • Red Sea Authentic Escape: Hurghada, Sahl Hasheesh and Sharm El Sheikh Must-See Spots in: Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan & Sharm El Sheikh Proposed One-Day Excursions Recommended Trips • Nile Cruise • Sahl Hasheesh • Sharm El Sheikh Services in Cairo • Meet & Assist, Lounges & Visa • Airport Transfer Contact Details THE DESTINATIONS EGYPT Egypt, the incredible and diverse country, has one of a few age-old civilizations and is the home of two of the ancient wonders of the world. The Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River more than 7000 years ago. It is recognizable for its temples, hieroglyphs, mummies, and above all, the Pyramids. Apart from visiting and seeing the ancient temples and artefacts of ancient Egypt, there is also a lot to see in each city. Each city in Egypt has its own charm and its own history, culture, activities. -
A Lion in a Lettuce? Some Ideas on a Group of Late Old Kingdom Maceheads*
A lion in a lettuce? Some ideas on a group of late Old Kingdom maceheads* Andrés Diego Espinel Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo – CSIC, Madrid [email protected] th URING THE FIRST DECADES of the 20 century several piriform or ḥḏ-maceheads carved with a hard-tipped leaf scale motif were retrieved around the mortuary D complex of king Teti (6th dynasty) at Saqqara [fig. 1]. In 1906-1907, Quibell discovered “parts of two of them made of reddish limestone” probably at the east of the king’s pyramid1. At least three other limestone maceheads “were found in the offering room or in the rubbish near it” by Firth and Gunn while digging in the Teti pyramid temple in the early 1920s2. Two of the former were given by the Egyptian Antiquities Service to the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston in 19243. The rest, along with other ones probably discovered about the same time, went to the Cairo Museum. Five of them are currently on display in the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara4. Almost all of the published examples are made of limestone, but, at least, there is a wooden example at Boston5. According to the images at hand of the four published limestone examples, all of them were inscribed with the Horus name of Teti (s.ḥtp tȝ.wy (rḏỉ ʿnḫ)) and a brief phrase connected to the practical use of these weapons: “subduing the znṯy.w-rebels (dȝ znṯ(y.)w)”6. Moreover, two of them contain a cartouche with the name of * I thank Francisco Borrego Gallardo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) for the critical reading of a preliminary draft of this article and for his comments that have enriched significantly this paper. -
A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970
A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23 -
Protection of the People Contents Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No
Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No. 11, April 2011 Under the PROTECTION of the People Contents Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No. 11, April 2011 Published by the Media Department Director, BA Editorial General Supervisor To Speak and to Hear: Two Ismail Serageldin Sides of the Same Coin 4 Editor-in-Chief Khaled Azab BA Highlights The 25 January Revolution 10 Managing Editor at the BA: What Happened and What is Next Ayman Elsherbiny ? Features of 18 Days of 16 Staff Writer Egyptian Protests in the Sarah Elhaddad Eyes of the Media Contributing Writer The Digital Library of Inscriptions and 22 Kholoud Said Calligraphies Proofreading Identity Preservation in 26 Perihan Fahmy Renewed Uses of Ancient Ghada Nabeel Monuments Photographers Mohamed Nafea Contributions Mohamed Mounir The Coptic Church 30 Hassan Mady Archaeology Graphic Designer Shadi El Nagar Words to Remember 34 © Bibliotheca Alexandrina 2011 Information in this Newsletter has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, with due credit to the source. Contributions do not represent the editorial views of the Library of Alexandria. Kindly send your feedback, and contributions to [email protected] Bibliotheca Alexandrina P.O. Box 138, Chatby 21526, Alexandria, Egypt Phone: + (203) 4839999; Ext: 2271 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bibalex.org Editorial protected cultural institutions such as the Egyptian Museum and the Library of Alexandria, which many considered as their own. -
Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa
Arab Republic of Egypt Kingdom of Morocco THE WORLD Republic of Tunisia BANK Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa Phase 1 : Risk Assessment for the Present Situation and Horizon 2030 – Alexandria Area Draft Final Version 31 January 2011 Project Web Site: http://www.egis-bceominternational.com/pbm/ AASTMT / Egis Bceom Int. / IAU-IDF / BRGM Document quality information Document quality information General information Author(s) AASTMT / Egis BCEOM International Project name Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness in the Coastal Cities of North Africa Document name Phase 1 : Risk Assessment for the Present Situation and Horizon 2030 – Alexandria Area Date 31 January 2011 Reference GED 80823T Addressee(s) Sent to: Name Organization Sent on (date): A. Bigio The World Bank 31 January 2011 Copy to: Name Organization Sent on (date): S. Rouhana The World Bank 31 January 2011 A. Tiwari The World Bank 31 January 2011 A. Amasha AASTMT 31 January 2011 History of modifications Version Date Written by Approved & signed by: AASTMT / Egis BCEOM Version 1 13 June 2010 International AASTMT / Egis BCEOM Version 2 06 August 2010 International 05 December AASTMT / Egis BCEOM Version 3 2010 International Climate Change Adaptation and Natural Disasters Preparedness Page 2 in the Coastal Cities of North Africa Draft Final Version AASTMT / Egis Bceom Int. / IAU-IDF / BRGM Document quality information Supervision and Management of the Study The present study is financed by the World Bank as well as the following fiduciary funds: NTF- PSI, TFESSD and GFDRR, which are administered by the World Bank. -
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae Venice Ibrahim Shehatta Attia Villa 66, Khaled Ibn El-Waleed St, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt Mobile: 0100 1017689 E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] Education: -1991 Bachelor Degree in Science Major Chemistry/Microbiology, Ain-Shams University. -3 years High school, Gamal Abd El-Naser Secondary school, Zagazig, Egypt. -1 year Preparatory school, Zagazig Girls Prep School, Zagazig, Egypt. -9 years ElementarySchool, Anka Local Elementary shool, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Employment Experience: -October 2011- present, senior conservator/ conservation scientist, Conservation department, Coptic Museum, Cairo, Egypt. -September 2009- September 2011, Head of Mummies & Human Remains Lab, Conservation Center, Grand Egyptian Museum project, Giza, Egypt. -October 2006-september 2009, conservator in the Conservation Unit, Grand Egyptian Museum project, Cairo, Egypt. -August 2008- September 2008, conservator accompanying the Exhibition of TUT Ankh- Amon& the Golden Era in London, England -October 1999- July2006, participating in the development, restoration and conservation of the Coptic museum monuments and artifacts of various kinds & materials in preparation of its renovation and reopening, Cairo, Egypt. -August 1993- July2006, conservator/Chemist in the Restoration & conservation department-Coptic museum, Cairo, Egypt. -2002-2004, part timer in the department of Registration, documentation& scientific research in the projects sector in the Supreme Council of Antiquities, Egyptian ministry of Culture, Cairo, Egypt. -November 1992- July 1993, working with the Dutch Institute on the Object ID Computer software program project concerned with the Coptic museums ID(monument& artifacts registration & documentation), Cairo, Egypt. -December 1991- November 1992, Microbiologist/ Chemist, blood chemistry laboratories, El–Sahel Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Practical Experience: Working on the conservation and preservation of various artifacts of both Pharaonic and Coptic eras made of various materials as follows: - Human and birds mummies. -
9783110726305.Pdf
Shared Margins ZMO-Studien Studien des Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient Herausgegeben von Ulrike Freitag Band 41 Samuli Schielke and Mukhtar Saad Shehata Shared Margins An Ethnography with Writers in Alexandria after the Revolution This publication was supported by the Leibniz Open Access Monograph Publishing Fund. ISBN 978-3-11-072677-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-072630-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-072636-7 DOI https://doi.org/10.1515/ 9783110726305 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021937483 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Samuli Schielke and Mukhtar Saad Shehata Cover image: Eman Salah writing in her notebook. Photo by Samuli Schielke, Alexandria, 2015. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com To Mahmoud Abu Rageh (1971–2018) Contents Acknowledgments ix On names, pronouns, and spelling xiii List of illustrations xiv Introduction: Where is literature? Samuli Schielke 1 Where is literature? 2 Anecdotal evidence 5 Outline of chapters 11 Part I. About writing Samuli Schielke, Mukhtar Saad Shehata 1 Why write, and why not stop? 15 An urge to express 16 ‘Something that has me in it’ 21 Why not stop? 27 A winding path through milieus 31 2 Infrastructures of imagination 39 The formation of scenes 43 A provincial setting 48 The Writers’ Union 51 Mukhtabar al-Sardiyat 54 El Cabina 56 Fabrica 60 Lines of division 63 Milieus at intersection 71 Openings and closures 73 3 The writing of lives 77 Materialities of marginality 79 The symposium as life 84 Being Abdelfattah Morsi 91 How to become a writer in many difficult steps 96 Holding the microphone 101 ‘I hate reality’ 105 ‘It’s a piece of me’ 107 Outsides of power 111 viii Contents Part II. -
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Tracing the History of Museums in Egypt from the Ptolemaic Period to the Fall of Mohamed Ali’s Dynasty (323 BC – AD 1952) Rania Ali Maher, Noha Moustafa Shalaby Knowing that there were places for learning within the precincts of Egyptian temples,9 the idea of education within a temple, Tracing the History of Museums in Egypt from the Ptolemaic Period preferably dedicated to the goddesses of knowledge, could have been then transmitted to Pythagoras who applied it in Italy. Intriguingly, Plato also studied in Egypt under priest-scholars.10 On the other hand, there is no clear indication that Aristotle to the Fall of Mohamed Ali’s Dynasty (323 BC – AD 1952) visited Egypt;11 however, being Plato›s student12 is enough to confirm the Egyptian influence on him. In all cases, such earlier institutions, i.e. Plato›s Academy and Aristotle›s School, were never termed Mouseion by early historians13 despite the fact that Rania Ali Maher and Noha Moustafa Shalaby they were both institutions of research and learning centered around a shrine for the muses, with the former being specialized mainly in Mathematics and the latter having wide range of subjects embracing almost all areas of interest to humanity;14 they can Abstract be rather regarded as prototypes or forerunners of the global scaled and first-termed Mouseion in the ancient world. Establishing museums was an ancient tradition that was only revived at the beginning of the Renaissance period. In the distant Alexandria: Birthplace of Materializing Museum Notion past, Egypt was the home of the first institution-termed museum that was founded and very well maintained by the early Ptolemies. -
The Arab Story of the Destruction of the Ancient Library of Alexandria
THE ARAB STORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ANCIENT LIBRARY OF ALEXANDRIA Qassem Abdou Qassem The Ancient Library of Alexandria, built by the Ptolemies in the third century B.C., played a very important role in the development of scientifi c and intellectual activities of the Mediterranean world over several centuries. In some ways, this Library with its annexations can be considered a kind of continuation of the temple libraries of ancient Egypt,1 but undoubtedly, it was by far the most important and renowned Library in the ancient world. Since Edward Gibbon fi rst started the debate about the fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria in the eighteenth century, this subject has aroused vehement controversies among historians during the last two centuries. The revival of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a few years ago, has stimulated the debate once more and this paper deals with the Arab version of the story of the fate of the Ancient Library. Notably enough, the Arabic story did not appear until the last decade of the sixth century A.H./twelfth A.D. The earliest Arabic source was by the Muslim physician and traveler, Abd al-Latīf al-Baghdādī who visited Egypt in 595 A.H./1200 A.D.; he mentioned that he saw some of the monuments in Alexandria, including what he believed to have been the Library, “set up by Alexander when he founded his city,” and that it was the place where “Aristotle and his successors taught.” He continues to mention in a brief statement that it was, “the book-store which was burnt by Amr, by order of Caliph Umar.” This report cannot be taken seriously as it is undocumented, besides stating inac- curate historical facts.2 More important with regard to the story of the destruction of the Ancient Library of Alexandria, is the account given by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn al-Qiftī who lived during the Ayyubid era and died in the year 646 1 Cf. -
Ministry of Antiquities Ibis Bird Mallawi Museum Newsletter of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities * Issue 4 * September 2016
Ministry of Antiquities Ibis bird Mallawi Museum Newsletter of the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities * Issue 4 * September 2016 Reopening of Mallawi Museum in Minya H.E. Minister of Antiquities reopened Mallawi Museum in Minya. The ceremony was attended by the governor of Minya, MoA representatives, ambassadors, cultural attaches and representatives of foreign archaeological institutions, and missions in Egypt (22 September 2016). The museum was first inaugurated on 23rd July, 1963. It is situated in a region rich in archaeological sites. Two of the most important archaeological sites in the vicinity are Tuna al-Gebel and el-Ashmunein. In August 2013, looters vandalised the museum. Of 1089 objects originally on display, 1043 were smashed, burnt or looted. Authorities have since managed to recover 656 of the missing items, which have been restored. Today, the new display houses 944 items, of which 503 are new additions brought in from an antiquities storehouse at al-Ashmunein, or were part of the collections of the old Mallawi Museum that were stored elsewhere. All the new additions are from local excavations. An additional five objects were brought in from the Coptic Museum. Ministry of Antiquities Newsletter-Issue 4 -September 2016 1 Several field projects have started their work in September: Durham University and Egypt Exploration Society joint mission, U.K., at Sais (Sa el-Hagar); MoA-University of Leipzig (Germany) at Heliopolis/Matariyyah - Field University of Milan (Italy) and IFAO at Umm-el-Breigat in Fayoum - University of Birmingham (U.K.) at Qubbet al-Hawa – University of Warsaw (Poland) at Deir al-Naqlun – Museum of Soissons (France) at San El-Hagar (Tell Debqo); Work University of Geneva (Switzerland) at the Cemetery of Pepi I in Saqqara - University of Yale (USA) and University of Bologna (Italy) joint mission in Kom Ombo, Aswan; German Archaeological Institute at Kom El-Gier in Buto; Ancient Egypt Research Associates at Memphis.