Protection of the People Contents Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No

Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No. 11, April 2011 Under the PROTECTION of the People Contents Bibliotheca Alexandrina Newsletter Quarterly Issue No. 11, April 2011 Published by the Media Department Director, BA Editorial General Supervisor To Speak and to Hear: Two Ismail Serageldin Sides of the Same Coin 4 Editor-in-Chief Khaled Azab BA Highlights The 25 January Revolution 10 Managing Editor at the BA: What Happened and What is Next Ayman Elsherbiny ? Features of 18 Days of 16 Staff Writer Egyptian Protests in the Sarah Elhaddad Eyes of the Media Contributing Writer The Digital Library of Inscriptions and 22 Kholoud Said Calligraphies Proofreading Identity Preservation in 26 Perihan Fahmy Renewed Uses of Ancient Ghada Nabeel Monuments Photographers Mohamed Nafea Contributions Mohamed Mounir The Coptic Church 30 Hassan Mady Archaeology Graphic Designer Shadi El Nagar Words to Remember 34 © Bibliotheca Alexandrina 2011 Information in this Newsletter has been produced with the intent that it be readily available for personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, with due credit to the source. Contributions do not represent the editorial views of the Library of Alexandria. Kindly send your feedback, and contributions to [email protected] Bibliotheca Alexandrina P.O. Box 138, Chatby 21526, Alexandria, Egypt Phone: + (203) 4839999; Ext: 2271 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bibalex.org Editorial protected cultural institutions such as the Egyptian Museum and the Library of Alexandria, which many considered as their own. th On the 25 January Revolution Today, the people are all celebrating the stepping down of Former President Mubarak and the start of a new era; but TO SPEAK AND TO HEAR: the road ahead is going to be difficult. We must ensure that this moment of euphoria and the solidarity created TWO SIDES OF THE SAME by this revolutionary movement launched by our youth on 25 January COIN are effectively transformed into the institutions and laws that will be the real guarantors of a true democracy. Ismail Serageldin Following the demonstrations, the battles, and the celebrations in the streets, we must now perform the In the 18 days that shook the world, men equally demanding work of designing and women, young and old, Muslims new institutions, selecting new leaders and Christians, rich and poor came and creating new laws—to fashion together as never before. The Army the wise constraints that make people never unleashed a volley against any of free. the millions of demonstrators. All melded I have unlimited confidence in Egypt’s together and showed the true mettle youth. It is the dawn of a new day. of “the people”. They redefined the meaning of Egyptian greatness. During those long days of struggle, days when Freedom of Expression the police forces were either attacking the demonstrators or totally absent We need to establish a “New Egypt” from the scene, there was not one where democracy, justice, solidarity, incident of sectarian tension. Indeed, and the rule of law are essential. This o all our friends around the world: we saw Christians and Muslims praying requires a national dialogue and thank you for your many messages by the thousands in Tahrir Square, each respect to all points of view. We have to of solidarity and support throughout T protecting and respecting the other. focus on the Freedom of Expression and the days of the revolution; and a Hundreds of thousands of young men Access to Information. They are topics salute to Egypt’s wonderful youth, who and women demonstrated for days on close to my heart, and loom large in my changed the course of history through end, and not one case of harassment mind. peaceful demonstrations. The moral was noted. Volunteers provided power of non-violence was never more I am a totally committed supporter of safety and order, and neighbors ably deployed for the cause of more freedom of expression even when it is came together to form neighborhood freedom, more justice and to lay the difficult, perhaps especially when it is watches to protect their homes and foundations of better tomorrows. By the difficult. families against thugs and ruffians who moral force of their solidarity, and the attacked homes and looted public nobility of their cause, they challenged Without free speech, no search for buildings, and to provide public services all expectations, and triumphed. The truth is possible, no discovery of truth is by sharing as never before. The people Egyptian Revolution of 25 January 2011 useful, and no progress is possible. got to know each other better than ever now belongs to history books. It is a before. Neighborhoods became more Freedom of expression requires that we brilliant chapter in the unfolding story of than physical definitions, they became protect abusive and obnoxious speech, the struggle for human dignity and the communities again. The demonstrators because it is precisely that speech values of our common humanity. 4 5 Editorial that requires protection. Acceptable Limits on Freedom of How do you criticize corrupt public exalting Christianity. The once shocking speech requires no protection, officials without attacking their honor has become not only accepted, but precisely because it is acceptable to Expression or reputation? Unfortunately, the much honored. the majority. attacks may also be misplaced and There are boundaries to our freedoms against innocent people. Laws of libel Societies need to hear the dissenting It is the contrarian view that is the that are set when they impact and slander protect against that in old voices, the contrarian views, the new birthplace of innovation, of change negatively on the rights of others. fashioned media, but Internet attacks ideas, the new findings in research. and of progress. For progress is all about The Universal Declaration of Human are virtually immune from these laws by Censorship tries to deny the public change and innovation, it is not about Rights (UDHR) has recognized some of easily disguising the authors. access to these dissenting voices, to stability and the status quo. these aspects, and its own statements these new ideas, to these contrarian can be seen to require judgment in Or take the following from Article views, to these unsettling findings. The Not every obnoxious talk leads to enforcing freedom of expression. Thus 29(b): “In the exercise of his rights and public does not necessarily want to progress, but we cannot define which note in Article 7: “All are equal before freedoms, everyone shall be subject only hear, much less to act on unsettling unusual idea, which seditious thought the Law, and are entitled without any to such limitations as are determined by or disturbing findings, as was brilliantly will be tomorrow’s accepted truth discrimination to equal protection Law solely for the purpose of securing exposed by Ibsen in his Enemy of the and enshrined right.. after all, what we of the Law. All are entitled to equal due recognition and respect for the State. take for granted, was once deemed protection against any discrimination in rights and freedoms of others and extremely objectionable. violation of this Declaration and against of meeting the just requirements of Thus, troublingly, censorship can any incitement to such discrimination.” be, and is frequently supported by So, not knowing where the next big morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.” the majority of the population, and step in the progress of human civilization Incitement is a form of expression. therefore many would criticize my will come from, we open our ears, our How do we curb that without getting How do we protect free speech, when position as being undemocratic on minds and our hearts to the new, the onto the slippery slope of curtailing all it may well be seen by the majority insisting on the right of freedom of unusual and the contrarian. dissent and all troubling and contrarian of the population as something that expression, and as we shall see for speech? We promote pluralism, not dogma. We undermines the “just requirements of freedom of access. However, I remind morality, public order and the general them that democracy must be more critique, we do not accept uncritically. It is a difficult region to navigate. We question and we debate, and over welfare in a democratic society”? than two wolves and a sheep voting Legislation can play a role in changing on what to have for dinner. Democracy time we will separate the wheat from the attitudes. Thus, segregation in America It requires judgment. As Justice chaff. We will separate the worthwhile is as much about protecting the rights was ended by legislation. As Martin Holmes, US Supreme Court, memorably of the minority from the tyranny of the from the misguided in all the new ideas Luther King Jr. said about civil rights said: “The most stringent protection of and new voices that we hear. majority, as it is to seek the consent of legislation: “Morality cannot be free speech would not protect a man the majority on actions to take. legislated, but behavior can be However, we cannot do that if we in falsely shouting fire in a theater and regulated. Judicial decrees may not enclose ourselves from the contrarian causing panic”. Censorship denies the right of that change the heart but they can restrain view, or simply suppress the views innovative or dissenting minority. the heartless.” Legislating against free speech is Censorship does this either by directly of those who would challenge the always perilous. Worse, in some countries accepted and the known. silencing the dissenting or innovative The fruits of King’s efforts came to pass and contexts, lawsuits have been used voice, or more recently, and insidiously, with the election of Barack Obama, To my compatriots and co-religionists, to harass those who hold dissenting or by denying the public the right to hear who realized the dream that King I say listen to the modern voice of Ibn contrarian views.

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