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THE MASS SURRENDER OF GERMAN TROOPS TO THE 347th INFANTRY REGIMENT ON MAY 6, 1945 By Tom Stafford, L-347 In coordination with Ray Miles, I-347 John McAuliffe, M-347 Lew Goad, L-347 Contents Prologue.......................................................................................................3 The Capture of Plauen.................................................................................6 East Meets West - The Movement Toward Czechoslovakia........................9 An Unforgettable Procession .....................................................................17 The Journey Home, Then Onto Japan ........................................................32 Appendix ....................................................................................................37 About the Author ........................................................................................39 2 Prologue Earlier this year, while reviewing the 87th Infantry Division's history on the Internet, I was surprised to read that our Division is credited with capturing only 10,282 German Prisoners of War during World War II. Having been personally involved in the acceptance on May 6, 1945 of the formal surrender of over 40,000 Wehrmacht (German Regular Army) and Schutzstaffel (SS) troops1, including a considerable number of high ranking general officers -- a day before the Unconditional Surrender of all German Forces was signed and three days before active operations were ordered to cease -- I contacted John “Mac” McAuliffe2 to determine if he had any information regarding what I consider to be an obvious discrepancy in our Division's history. It is interesting to note that a review of the official records contained in the National Archives pertaining to our Division, particularly those of the 347th Infantry and its 3rd Battalion, clearly reveal that a number of these surrendering Wehrmacht and SS troops began to enter our lines on May 7, two days before ALL active operations were to cease at 001B, 9 May, 1945 between the Germans and the Allied Expeditionary Forces (AEF). -
Linea Gotica
Linea Gotica Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera Linea Gotica Parte della campagna d'Italia della seconda guerra mondiale La Linea Gotica nell'agosto 1944. In blu le manovre alleate Data 25 agosto 1944 - 21 aprile 1945 Luogo Appennino tosco-emiliano e riviera adriatica tra Fano e Rimini Esito Sfondamento Alleato della linea e successivo collasso delle forze tedesche in Italia Schieramenti Regno Unito Germania • Canada Repubblica Sociale • Nuova Italiana Zelanda • Sudafrica • India britannica Stati Uniti d'America Francia libera Polonia Regno d'Italia Brasile Grecia Comandanti Comandanti delle armate Comandanti gruppo in Italia - 15° Army armate C[3][2] Group:[1][2] Albert Kesselring Harold Alexander Heinrich von fino nov. '44 poi Vietinghoff Mark Clark Comandanti della 10ª Comandanti dell'8ª armata: armata: Heinrich von Oliver Leese fino Vietinghoff sett. '44 poi Joachim Lemelsen[4] Richard McCreery Traugott Herr Comandanti della 5ª Comandanti della 14ª armata: armata: Mark Clark fino nov. Joachim Lemelsen '44 poi Fridolin von Senger Lucian K. Truscott und Etterlin Heinz Ziegler Traugott Herr Kurt von Tippelskirch Joachim Lemelsen Comandanti dell'Armata Liguria: Rodolfo Graziani Effettivi 8ª armata britannica 10ª armata tedesca 5ª armata statunitense 14ª armata tedesca Armata Liguria Perdite tra 26 agosto e il 7 tra 26 agosto e il 7 ottobre: ottobre: 30.000 uomini di cui 42.000 uomini (stima oltre 4.500 canadesi del generale (stima del generale Alexander) Alexander) circa 60.000 civili italiani La Linea Gotica (in tedesco Gotenstellung, in inglese Gothic Line) fu la linea difensiva istituita dal feldmaresciallo tedesco Albert Kesselring nel 1944 nel tentativo di rallentare l'avanzata dell'esercito alleato comandato dal generale Harold Alexander verso il nord Italia. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6"X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing theUMI World’s Information since 1938 300 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8820321 Operational art and the German command system in World War I Meyer, Bradley John, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1088 by Meyer, Bradley John. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 OPERATIONAL ART AND THE GERMAN COMMAND SYSTEM IN WORLD WAR I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bradley J. -
Deutsche Generäle in Britischer Gefangenschaft 1942–1945. Eine
289 Von vielen deutschen Generälen des Zweiten Weltkriegs sind häufig nur die Laufbahndaten bekannt; Briefe und Tagebücher liegen nur wenige vor. Für die For schung sind sie oft genug nur eingeschränkt zugänglich. So fällt es nach wie vor schwer, zu beurteilen, wie die Generale selbst die militärischen und politischen Geschehnisse der Zeit zwischen 1939 und 1945 rezipiert haben und welche Folgerungen sie daraus zogen. Wichtige Aufschlüsse über ihre Kenntnisse von den nationalsozialistischen Massenmorden oder ihr Urteil über den deutschen Widerstand gegen Hitler bieten jedoch die Abhörprotokolle deutscher Stabsoffiziere in britischer Kriegsgefangen schaft. Sönke Neitzel Deutsche Generäle in britischer Gefangenschaft 1942-1945 Eine Auswahledition der Abhörprotokolle des Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre UK Die deutsche Generalität hat sich der öffentlichen Reflexion über ihre Rolle wäh rend des Zweiten Weltkrieges weitgehend verschlossen. Das Bild, das sie vor allem in ihren Memoiren von sich selbst zeichnete, läßt sich verkürzt auf die Formel bringen: Sie hat einen sauberen Krieg geführt, hatte von Kriegsverbrechen größe ren Ausmaßes keine oder kaum Kenntnis, und die militärische Niederlage war zu einem Gutteil den dilettantischen Eingriffen Hitlers als Obersten Befehlshaber in die Kriegführung zuzuschreiben. Es erübrigt sich näher darauf einzugehen, daß dieses Bild von der Geschichts wissenschaft längst gründlich widerlegt worden ist. Aber nach wie vor wissen wir wenig darüber, wie die Generäle die Zeit zwischen 1939 und 1945 rezipiert haben, welche Kenntnis sie von den militärischen und politischen Geschehnissen hatten, die über ihren engen Arbeitsbereich hinausgingen, und welche Schlußfolgerungen sie hieraus zogen. Zur Durchleuchtung dieses Komplexes ist vor allem der Rück griff auf persönliche Quellen wie Briefe und Tagebücher notwendig, die allerdings nur von einem kleinen Personenkreis vorliegen und zudem oft auch nur beschränkt zugänglich sind, da sie sich in Privatbesitz befinden1. -
A War of Reputation and Pride
A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….………………. -
The Betrayal Belgium and Germany 1931
1 The Betrayal Belgium and Germany 1931 On Sunday 1 November 1931 Hans Thilo Schmidt, a forty-three-year- old executive at the German Defence Ministry Cipher Office in Berlin, took a step from which there was no turning back. He booked into the Grand Hotel in Verviers, a small Belgium town on the border with Germany, for his first meeting with a French Secret Service agent. Schmidt had been contemplating making this move for months. During June 1931 he had paid a visit to the French Embassy in Berlin to find out who he should contact in Paris if he wanted to sell some secret documents to the French government.1 Three weeks later he had followed up the advice given by the Em- bassy staff and had written a letter to the French Deuxième Bureau, the umbrella organisation which on France’s behalf carried out many of the task performed in Britain by MI 5 and MI 6.2 In his letter he ex- plained that he had access to documents which might be of interest to France, and he specifically mentioned that he was in a position to hand over the manuals for a coding machine which had been used in Germany since June 1930. If the Deuxième Bureau was interested he was happy to meet up with its representative in Belgium or Holland, he wrote. It was in response to this letter that the meeting in Verviers had been arranged, and the scene was set for Schmidt’s first act of treachery. In normal circumstances Schmidt would probably never have considered becoming a traitor. -
Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East
Kiev 1941 In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle’s dramatic course and after- math, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany’s ‘panzer groups’ despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany’s war in the east. David Stahel is an independent researcher based in Berlin. His previous publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, 2009). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Kiev 1941 Hitler’s Battle for Supremacy in the East David Stahel Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107014596 c David Stahel 2012 This publication is in copyright. -
Timeline - May 1940
TIMELINE - MAY 1940 As the month begins the battle for Norway continues. Just to recap, German naval and ground forces had begun invading both Norway and Denmark on 9th April. Denmark had quickly capitulated but Norway had resisted. British forces were sent to Andalsnes on 18th April to 1st May, Namsos on 16th April to 3rd May, and Narvik from 15th April to 8th June. They were joined by Norwegian, French and Polish forces. But as May begins the evacuation of Allied troops from some of these areas is already underway and nearing completion. With the failure of the campaign for central Norway attention shifts to Narvik in the far north, strategically vital to the Germans for the shipping of iron ore from Sweden. 1 On 2nd May German troops reached Andalsnes, and on the following day Norwegian troops south of Trondheim surrendered to the Germans. The allied evacuation at Namsos was completed, but German aircraft located part of the evacuation fleet and sank the destroyers Afridi and Bison. The Bison was a French destroyer and she was the first to be sunk with the loss of 136 of her crew. The surviving crew were then picked up by the Afridi. But when that ship came under attack a further 35 of her crew were lost, along with 53 of the Afridi’s crew and 13 soldiers - the only casualties among the whole force of 12,000 troops evacuated from Åndalsnes and Namsos On 5th May the Battle of Hegra Fortress ended when the fortress capitulated. The Germans had now achieved complete victory on Norway’s southern front. -
1 Battle Weariness and the 2Nd New Zealand Division During the Italian Campaign, 1943-45
‘As a matter of fact I’ve just about had enough’;1 Battle weariness and the 2nd New Zealand Division during the Italian Campaign, 1943-45. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University New Zealand. Ian Clive Appleton 2015 1 Unknown private, 24 Battalion, 2nd New Zealand Division. Censorship summaries, DA 508/2 - DA 508/3, (ANZ), Censorship Report No 6/45, 4 Feb to 10 Feb 45, part 2, p.1. Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Abstract By the time that the 2nd New Zealand Division reached Italy in late 1943, many of the soldiers within it had been overseas since early 1941. Most had fought across North Africa during 1942/43 – some had even seen combat earlier, in Greece and Crete in 1941. The strain of combat was beginning to show, a fact recognised by the division’s commanding officer, Lieutenant-General Bernard Freyberg. Freyberg used the term ‘battle weary’ to describe both the division and the men within it on a number of occasions throughout 1944, suggesting at one stage the New Zealanders be withdrawn from operations completely. This study examines key factors that drove battle weariness within the division: issues around manpower, the operational difficulties faced by the division in Italy, the skill and tenacity of their German opponent, and the realities of modern combat. -
Kursk-Orel-Dnepr. Erlebnisse Und
WALTER BUSSMANN KURSK-OREL-DNJEPR Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen im Stab des XXXXVI. Panzerkorps während des „Unternehmens Zitadelle" Spätestens mit dem Auslaufen der Operation „Zitadelle" im Juli 1943 - der Deck name steht für die letzte Großoffensive der Wehrmacht an der Ostfront - hatte die deutsche Seite die Initiative endgültig an die Rote Armee abgegeben. Nachdem diese Operation aus der Perspektive der höchsten militärischen Führung erschöp fend dargestellt und analysiert worden ist1, soll hier versucht werden, jene „Pan zerschlacht von Kursk" in ihrem Verlauf wie in ihren Wirkungen aus der Sicht eines beteiligten Panzerkorps nachzuvollziehen. Es handelt sich um das XXXXVI. Panzerkorps2, dessen Tagebuch der Verfasser in jenen Tagen geführt 1 Als kriegsgeschichtliche Darstellung aus deutscher Sicht immer noch grundlegend die Arbeit von: Klink, Ernst: Das Gesetz des Handelns. Die Operation „Zitadelle" 1943, Stuttgart 1966; dort auch eine Zusammenfassung der älteren Literatur. Außerdem: Rendulic, Lothar: Die Schlacht von Orel 1943. Wahl und Bildung des Schwerpunktes, in: Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift 1 (1963), H. 3, S. 130-138; Jukes, Geoffrey: Kursk, the Clash of Armour, New York 1969 (dt. Übersetzung: Die Schlacht der 6000 Panzer. Kursk und Orel 1943, Rastatt 1982); Wünsche, Wolfgang: Kursk 1943. Die Entschlußfassung der faschistischen deutschen Führung für „Zitadelle", in: Militärgeschichte 12 (1973), H.3, S. 272-283; Engelmann, Joachim: Zitadelle. Die größte Panzerschlacht im Osten 1943, Friedberg 1980; Piekalkiewicz, Janusz: Unternehmen Zitadelle. Kursk und Orel: Die größte Panzer schlacht des 2. Weltkriegs, Bergisch-Gladbach 1983; Zins, Alfred: Die Operation Zitadelle. Die mili tärgeschichtliche Diskussion und ihr Niederschlag im öffentlichen Bewußtsein als didaktisches Problem, Frankfurt a.M./Bern/NewYork 1986. Aus sowjetischer Sicht: Markin, Ilja Ivanovic: Kurskaja Bitva (1943), Moskau 1958 (dt. -
Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 15 July
Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 15 July Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests JUL 00 1940 – U.S. Army: 1st Airborne Unit » In 1930, the U.S. Army experimented with the concept of parachuting three-man heavy-machine-gun teams. Nothing came of these early experiments. The first U.S. airborne unit began as a test platoon formed from part of the 29th Infantry Regiment, in July 1940. The platoon leader was 1st Lieutenant William T. Ryder, who made the first jump on August 16, 1940 at Lawson Field, Fort Benning, Georgia from a B-18 Bomber. He was immediately followed by Private William N. King, the first enlisted soldier to make a parachute jump. Although airborne units were not popular with the top U.S. Armed Forces commanders, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sponsored the concept, and Major General William C. Lee organized the first paratroop platoon. On a tour of Europe he had first observed the revolutionary new German airborne forces which he believed the U.S. Army should adopt. This led to the Provisional Parachute Group, and then the United States Army Airborne Command. General Lee was the first commander at the new parachute school at Fort Benning, in west-central Georgia. The U.S. Armed Forces regards Major General William C. Lee as the father of the Airborne. The first U.S. combat jump was near Oran, Algeria, in North Africa on November 8, 1942, conducted by elements of the 2nd Battalion, 509th Parachute Infantry Regiment. -
Ich Bin Gekommen, Ihnen Die Stadt Zu Übergeben Und Bitte Um Den Schutz Für Die Einwohner.“ (Dr
Vortrag Dr. Reinhold Brunner „Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges am 6. April 1945 in Eisenach“ „Ich bin gekommen, Ihnen die Stadt zu übergeben und bitte um den Schutz für die Einwohner.“ (Dr. Rudolf Lotz an Ltn. Colonel Harry Murray in den Morgenstunden des 6. April 1945) Eisenach und das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges Lutherhaus 1944 Spuren des Krieges in Eisenach Die amerikanischen militärischen Einheiten 89. Infanterie-Division Kommandeur: Generalmajor Thomas G. Finley 353. Infanterie-Regiment Kommandeur: Colonel F. R. Maerdian 1. 1. Bataillon 2. Bataillon 3. Bataillon Chef: Lt. Col. J.S. Morris Chef: Lt. Col. H.L. Murray Chef: Lt.Col. Hawkins Executive Officer: Mj. I.G. Shepard Mj. R.V. Chase Mj. C.E. Allen Kompanien: Hauptquartierkompanie Hauptquartierkompanie Hauptquartierkompanie Kompanie A Kompanie E Kompanie I Kompanie B Kompanie F Kompanie K Kompanie C 1. Zug. Earl Oot Kompanie L Kompanie D 2. Zug: Carl L. Petterson Kompanie M Kompanie G Kompanie H Pro Kompanie etwa 220 Soldaten Die deutschen militärischen Einheiten Oberbefehlshaber West: Generaloberst Albert Kesselring 7. Armee: Generalleutnant Hans von Obstfelder LXXXV. Armeekorps: General der Panzertruppe: Smilo Fhr. von Lüttwitz 347. Inf.Div.: General Max Siry 11. Pz.Div.: Generalleutnant Wend von Wietersheim Kampgruppe Oberst Wissmann Kampfgruppe Oberst Kloppenburg Stadtkommandant: Major Weber Standortältester: Oberstleutnant: Grohè Die militärische Lage am 3. April 1945 Karte von Eisenach und Umgebung Gehörte zu den amerikanischen Soldaten, die Eisenach befreiten • Lester Zelle, Angehöriger des 355. Infanterie- Regimentes, 89. Inf.Div. • War später Bürgermeister von Eisenachs Partnerstadt Waverly Die „deutsche zivile Seite“ • NSDAP-Kreisleiter: Hermann Köhler verließ Eisenach am 4. April 1945 Die „deutsche zivile Seite“ • Oberbürgermeister: Dr.