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Supplement of User-Oriented Hydrological Indices For
Supplement of Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1969–1992, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1969-2021-supplement © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Supplement of User-oriented hydrological indices for early warning systems with validation using post-event surveys: flood case studies in the Central Apennine District Annalina Lombardi et al. Correspondence to: Annalina Lombardi ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the article licence. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Web links to information sources listed in Table 2: CS01 Umbria Region http://www.cfumbria.it/supporto/download/Rapporti_evento/03_Novembre_2013/CFDUmbria_RapportoE Reports: vento_Nov2013.pdf https://www.ilgiornaledellaprotezionecivile.it/?act=filterdate&pg=24&f_day=11&f_month=11&f_year=20 13&f_zona=centro Press https://www.ilgiornaledellaprotezionecivile.it/?act=filterdate&pg=24&f_day=12&f_month=11&f_year=20 Reviews: 13&f_zona=centro https://www.ilgiornaledellaprotezionecivile.it/?act=filterdate&pg=24&f_day=13&f_month=11&f_year=20 13&f_zona=centro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCfy7GOxmkk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Tv_jZjrNI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13N6caKVV0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hG0Vp5Rsew Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6q4D99t-2U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8Tv_jZjrNI http://www.umbria24.it/video/alluvione-in-umbria-gli-allagamenti-a-perugia-e-dintorni https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Bg0w8o07Ng https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-Lf8ZMxzBM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13N6caKVV0E -
Linea Gotica
Linea Gotica Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera Linea Gotica Parte della campagna d'Italia della seconda guerra mondiale La Linea Gotica nell'agosto 1944. In blu le manovre alleate Data 25 agosto 1944 - 21 aprile 1945 Luogo Appennino tosco-emiliano e riviera adriatica tra Fano e Rimini Esito Sfondamento Alleato della linea e successivo collasso delle forze tedesche in Italia Schieramenti Regno Unito Germania • Canada Repubblica Sociale • Nuova Italiana Zelanda • Sudafrica • India britannica Stati Uniti d'America Francia libera Polonia Regno d'Italia Brasile Grecia Comandanti Comandanti delle armate Comandanti gruppo in Italia - 15° Army armate C[3][2] Group:[1][2] Albert Kesselring Harold Alexander Heinrich von fino nov. '44 poi Vietinghoff Mark Clark Comandanti della 10ª Comandanti dell'8ª armata: armata: Heinrich von Oliver Leese fino Vietinghoff sett. '44 poi Joachim Lemelsen[4] Richard McCreery Traugott Herr Comandanti della 5ª Comandanti della 14ª armata: armata: Mark Clark fino nov. Joachim Lemelsen '44 poi Fridolin von Senger Lucian K. Truscott und Etterlin Heinz Ziegler Traugott Herr Kurt von Tippelskirch Joachim Lemelsen Comandanti dell'Armata Liguria: Rodolfo Graziani Effettivi 8ª armata britannica 10ª armata tedesca 5ª armata statunitense 14ª armata tedesca Armata Liguria Perdite tra 26 agosto e il 7 tra 26 agosto e il 7 ottobre: ottobre: 30.000 uomini di cui 42.000 uomini (stima oltre 4.500 canadesi del generale (stima del generale Alexander) Alexander) circa 60.000 civili italiani La Linea Gotica (in tedesco Gotenstellung, in inglese Gothic Line) fu la linea difensiva istituita dal feldmaresciallo tedesco Albert Kesselring nel 1944 nel tentativo di rallentare l'avanzata dell'esercito alleato comandato dal generale Harold Alexander verso il nord Italia. -
Benthic Communities Along a Littoral of the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy)
Benthic communities along a littoral of the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy) Federica Semprucci, Paola Boi, Anita Manti, Anabella Covazzi Harriague, Marco Rocchi, Paolo Colantoni, Stefano Papa, Maria Balsamo To cite this version: Federica Semprucci, Paola Boi, Anita Manti, Anabella Covazzi Harriague, Marco Rocchi, et al.. Ben- thic communities along a littoral of the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy). Helgoland Marine Research, Springer Verlag, 2009, 64 (2), pp.101-115. 10.1007/s10152-009-0171-x. hal-00535205 HAL Id: hal-00535205 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535205 Submitted on 11 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Helgol Mar Res (2010) 64:101–115 DOI 10.1007/s10152-009-0171-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Benthic communities along a littoral of the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy) Federica Semprucci Æ Paola Boi Æ Anita Manti Æ Anabella Covazzi Harriague Æ Marco Rocchi Æ Paolo Colantoni Æ Stefano Papa Æ Maria Balsamo Received: 24 August 2008 / Revised: 7 September 2009 / Accepted: 10 September 2009 / Published online: 22 September 2009 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2009 Abstract Bacteria, meio- and macrofauna were investi- Keywords Bacteria Á Meiofauna Á Macrofauna Á gated at different depths in a coastal area of the Central Adriatic Sea Adriatic Sea, yielding information about the composition and abundance of the benthic community. -
Discovery Marche.Pdf
the MARCHE region Discovering VADEMECUM FOR THE TOURIST OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM Discovering THE MARCHE REGION MARCHE Italy’s Land of Infinite Discovery the MARCHE region “...For me the Marche is the East, the Orient, the sun that comes at dawn, the light in Urbino in Summer...” Discovering Mario Luzi (Poet, 1914-2005) Overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the centre of Italy, with slightly more than a million and a half inhabitants spread among its five provinces of Ancona, the regional seat, Pesaro and Urbino, Macerata, Fermo and Ascoli Piceno, with just one in four of its municipalities containing more than five thousand residents, the Marche, which has always been Italyʼs “Gateway to the East”, is the countryʼs only region with a plural name. Featuring the mountains of the Apennine chain, which gently slope towards the sea along parallel val- leys, the region is set apart by its rare beauty and noteworthy figures such as Giacomo Leopardi, Raphael, Giovan Battista Pergolesi, Gioachino Rossini, Gaspare Spontini, Father Matteo Ricci and Frederick II, all of whom were born here. This guidebook is meant to acquaint tourists of the third millennium with the most important features of our terri- tory, convincing them to come and visit Marche. Discovering the Marche means taking a path in search of beauty; discovering the Marche means getting to know a land of excellence, close at hand and just waiting to be enjoyed. Discovering the Marche means discovering a region where both culture and the environment are very much a part of the Made in Marche brand. 3 GEOGRAPHY On one side the Apen nines, THE CLIMATE od for beach tourism is July on the other the Adriatic The regionʼs climate is as and August. -
A War of Reputation and Pride
A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….………………. -
Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East
Kiev 1941 In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle’s dramatic course and after- math, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany’s ‘panzer groups’ despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany’s war in the east. David Stahel is an independent researcher based in Berlin. His previous publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, 2009). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Kiev 1941 Hitler’s Battle for Supremacy in the East David Stahel Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107014596 c David Stahel 2012 This publication is in copyright. -
The Gothic Line
Green is Bologna Discover the Gothic Line © Martino Viviani © Martino Viviani Walking along the paths of the Gothic Line means retracing the history and the events that involved the men and women who fought in what was the last German defensive outpost during the Italian Campaign. Between October 1944 and April 1945, the Bologna Apennines were the setting of large battles between the German army and the allied forces advancing from the south of the Italian peninsula. The historic itinerary unwinds from west to east: it starts at Lake Scaffaiolo in the Corno alle Scale Regional Park and arrives in Tossignano in the Park of the Vena del Gesso Romagnolo. Milan Venice Bologna Florence Rome How to find us Bologna is easy to reach using the main means of transport. Bologna Bologna G. Marconi Airport Bologna Central Station Motorways (A1-A14) Gothic Line Trekking Lake Scaffaiolo 1st Stage: Length: 15.8 km Difference in level:+600 -1,800 Duration: 6 h Rocca Corneta 2nd Stage: Length: 14 km Difference in level:+600 -1150 Duration: 5 h Abetaia 3rd Stage: Iola Length: 15,1 km Difference in level:+500 -490 Duration: 5 h Castel d’Aiano 4th Stage: MdSpè Length: 20 km Difference in level:+750 -1,300 Duration: 7 h Vergato 5th Stage: Monte Salvaro Length: 15,6 km Difference in level:+850 -660 Duration: 6 h Monte Sole 6th Stage: Vado Length: 21 km Difference in level:+1050 -1000 Duration: 7 h Brento Livergnano 7th Stage: Monte delle Formiche Length: 16,5 km Difference in level:+1100 -1200 Duration: 6 h Monterenzio 8th Stage: Monte Cerere Length: 21 km Difference in level:+700 -800 Duration: 7 h S. -
Drainage on Evolving Fold-Thrust Belts: a Study of Transverse Canyons in the Apennines W
Basin Research (1999) 11, 267–284 Drainage on evolving fold-thrust belts: a study of transverse canyons in the Apennines W. Alvarez Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, USA, and Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro (MC), Italy ABSTRACT Anticlinal ridges of the actively deforming Umbria–Marche Apennines fold-thrust belt are transected by deep gorges, accommodating a drainage pattern which almost completely ignores the presence of pronounced anticlinal mountains. Because the region was below sea level until the folds began to form, simple antecedence cannot explain these transverse canyons. In addition, the fold belt is too young for there to have been a flat-lying cover from which the rivers could have been superposed. In 1978, Mazzanti & Trevisan proposed an explanation for these gorges which deserves wider recognition. They suggested that the Apennine fold ridges emerged from the sea in sequence, with the erosional debris from each ridge piling up against the next incipient ridge to emerge, gradually extending the coastal plain seaward. The new coastal plain adjacent to each incipient anticline provided a flat surface on which a newly elongated river could cross the fold, positioning it to cut a gorge as the fold grew. Their mechanism is thus a combination of antecedence and superposition in which folds, overlying sedimentary cover and downstream elongations of the rivers all form at the same time. A study of Apennine drainage, using the sequence of older-to-younger transected Apennine folds as a proxy for the historical evolution of drainage cutting through a single fold, shows that transverse drainage forms when sedimentation dominates at the advancing coastline. -
1 Battle Weariness and the 2Nd New Zealand Division During the Italian Campaign, 1943-45
‘As a matter of fact I’ve just about had enough’;1 Battle weariness and the 2nd New Zealand Division during the Italian Campaign, 1943-45. A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University New Zealand. Ian Clive Appleton 2015 1 Unknown private, 24 Battalion, 2nd New Zealand Division. Censorship summaries, DA 508/2 - DA 508/3, (ANZ), Censorship Report No 6/45, 4 Feb to 10 Feb 45, part 2, p.1. Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Abstract By the time that the 2nd New Zealand Division reached Italy in late 1943, many of the soldiers within it had been overseas since early 1941. Most had fought across North Africa during 1942/43 – some had even seen combat earlier, in Greece and Crete in 1941. The strain of combat was beginning to show, a fact recognised by the division’s commanding officer, Lieutenant-General Bernard Freyberg. Freyberg used the term ‘battle weary’ to describe both the division and the men within it on a number of occasions throughout 1944, suggesting at one stage the New Zealanders be withdrawn from operations completely. This study examines key factors that drove battle weariness within the division: issues around manpower, the operational difficulties faced by the division in Italy, the skill and tenacity of their German opponent, and the realities of modern combat. -
Kursk-Orel-Dnepr. Erlebnisse Und
WALTER BUSSMANN KURSK-OREL-DNJEPR Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen im Stab des XXXXVI. Panzerkorps während des „Unternehmens Zitadelle" Spätestens mit dem Auslaufen der Operation „Zitadelle" im Juli 1943 - der Deck name steht für die letzte Großoffensive der Wehrmacht an der Ostfront - hatte die deutsche Seite die Initiative endgültig an die Rote Armee abgegeben. Nachdem diese Operation aus der Perspektive der höchsten militärischen Führung erschöp fend dargestellt und analysiert worden ist1, soll hier versucht werden, jene „Pan zerschlacht von Kursk" in ihrem Verlauf wie in ihren Wirkungen aus der Sicht eines beteiligten Panzerkorps nachzuvollziehen. Es handelt sich um das XXXXVI. Panzerkorps2, dessen Tagebuch der Verfasser in jenen Tagen geführt 1 Als kriegsgeschichtliche Darstellung aus deutscher Sicht immer noch grundlegend die Arbeit von: Klink, Ernst: Das Gesetz des Handelns. Die Operation „Zitadelle" 1943, Stuttgart 1966; dort auch eine Zusammenfassung der älteren Literatur. Außerdem: Rendulic, Lothar: Die Schlacht von Orel 1943. Wahl und Bildung des Schwerpunktes, in: Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift 1 (1963), H. 3, S. 130-138; Jukes, Geoffrey: Kursk, the Clash of Armour, New York 1969 (dt. Übersetzung: Die Schlacht der 6000 Panzer. Kursk und Orel 1943, Rastatt 1982); Wünsche, Wolfgang: Kursk 1943. Die Entschlußfassung der faschistischen deutschen Führung für „Zitadelle", in: Militärgeschichte 12 (1973), H.3, S. 272-283; Engelmann, Joachim: Zitadelle. Die größte Panzerschlacht im Osten 1943, Friedberg 1980; Piekalkiewicz, Janusz: Unternehmen Zitadelle. Kursk und Orel: Die größte Panzer schlacht des 2. Weltkriegs, Bergisch-Gladbach 1983; Zins, Alfred: Die Operation Zitadelle. Die mili tärgeschichtliche Diskussion und ihr Niederschlag im öffentlichen Bewußtsein als didaktisches Problem, Frankfurt a.M./Bern/NewYork 1986. Aus sowjetischer Sicht: Markin, Ilja Ivanovic: Kurskaja Bitva (1943), Moskau 1958 (dt. -
1 Serena Zaccara 2 Department of Theoretical and Applied
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bournemouth University Research Online 1 Correspondence: 2 Serena Zaccara 3 Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. 4 Dunant, 3 – 21100 – Varese (VA), Italy. 5 Phone: +39 0332 421422 6 E-mail: [email protected] 7 8 Morphologic and genetic variability in the Barbus fishes (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) of 9 Central Italy 10 11 12 ZACCARA SERENA1, QUADRONI SILVIA1, VANETTI ISABELLA1, CAROSI 13 ANTONELLA2, LA PORTA GIANANDREA2, CROSA GIUSEPPE1, BRITTON ROBERT 14 3, LORENZONI MASSIMO2 15 16 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese (VA) - 17 Italy 18 2Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia 19 (PG) - Italy 20 3Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Bournemouth University, 21 Poole, Dorset - UK 22 23 Running title: Barbels dispersion in central Italy 24 Zaccara et al. 25 Zaccara et al. 1 26 Zaccara, S. (2018) New patterns of morphologic and genetic variability of barbels 27 (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in central Italy. Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000-000. 28 29 Abstract 30 31 Italian freshwaters are highly biodiverse, with species present including the native 32 fishes Barbus plebejus and Barbus tyberinus that are threatened by habitat alteration, 33 fish stocking and invasive fishes, especially European barbel Barbus barbus. In central 34 Italy, native fluvio-lacustrine barbels are mainly allopatric and so provide an excellent 35 natural system to evaluate the permeability of the Apennine Mountains. Here, the 36 morphologic and genetic distinctiveness was determined for 611 Barbus fishes collected 37 along the Padany-Venetian (Adriatic basins; PV) and Tuscany-Latium (Tyrrhenian 38 basins; TL) districts. -
US Fifth Army History
FIFTH ARMY HISTORY 5 JUNE - 15 AUGUST 1944^ FIFTH ARMY HISTORY **.***•* **• ••*..•• PART VI "Pursuit to the ^rno ************* CONFIDENTIAL t , v-.. hi Lieutenant General MARK W. CLARK . commanding CONTENTS. page CHAPTER I. CROSSING THE TIBER RIVE R ......... i A. Rome Falls to Fifth Army i B. Terrain from Rome to the Arno Ri\ er . 3 C. The Enemy Situation 6 CHAPTER II. THE PURSUIT IS ORGANIZED 9 A. Allied Strategy in Italy 9 B. Fifth Army Orders 10 C. Regrouping of Fifth Army Units 12 D. Characteristics of the Pursuit Action 14 1. Tactics of the Army 14 2. The Italian Partisans .... .. 16 CHAPTER III. SECURING THE FIRST OBJECTIVES 19 A. VI Corps Begins the Pursuit, 5-11 June 20 1. Progress along the Coast 21 2. Battles on the Inland Route 22 3. Relief of VI Corps 24 B. II Corps North of Rome, 5-10 June 25 1. The 85th Division Advances 26 2. Action of the 88th Division 28 CHAPTER IV. TO THE OMBRONE - ORCIA VALLEY .... 31 A. IV Corps on the Left, 11-20 June 32 1. Action to the Ombrone River 33 2. Clearing the Grosseto Area 36 3. Right Flank Task Force 38 B. The FEC Drive, 10-20 June 4 1 1. Advance to Highway 74 4 2 2. Gains on the Left .. 43 3. Action on the Right / • • 45 C. The Capture of Elba • • • • 4^ VII page CHAPTER V. THE ADVANCE 70 HIGHWAY 68 49 A. IV Corps along the Coast, 21 June-2 July 51 1. Last Action of the 36th Division _^_ 5 1 2.