National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Pipe Spring National Monument

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR–2008/131 ON THE COVER Wetland below West Cabin, Pipe Spring National Monument, Arizona. Photo by Walter Fertig. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Pipe Spring National Monument

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR–2008/131

Authors Walter Fertig Moenave Botanical Consulting 1117 W. Grand Canyon Dr. Kanab, UT 84741

Jason Alexander Curator, UVU Herbarium Utah Valley University 800 West University Parkway Orem, UT 84058

Editing and Design Alice Wondrak Biel Northern Colorado Plateau Network P.O. Box 848 Moab, UT 84532

October 2008

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientifi c community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifi cally credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner.

The Natural Resource Technical Report series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientifi c studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission. The reports provide contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. Current examples of such reports include the results of research that addresses natural resource management issues; natural resource inventory and monitoring activities; resource assessment reports; scientifi c literature reviews; and peer- reviewed proceedings of technical workshops, conferences, or symposia.

Views, statements, fi ndings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect views and policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service.

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Northern Colorado Plateau Network P.O. Box 848 Moab, UT 84532

This report is also available electronically from the Northern Colorado Plateau Network website, http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/NCPN/, or at http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM.

When original printed copies are exhausted, copies can be obtained from: Technical Information Center (TIC) Denver Service Center National Park Service P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287

Please cite this publication as: Fertig, W., and J. Alexander. 2008. Annotated checklist of vascular fl ora: Pipe Spring National Monument. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR–2008/131. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

NPS D-222, October 2008 ii Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Contents

Figures ...... v Tables ...... vii Abstract ...... ix Acknowledgements ...... xi

1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background and justifi cation ...... 1 1.2 Objectives ...... 1 1.3 Study area ...... 1 1.3.1 History and setting ...... 1 1.3.2 Geology ...... 2 1.3.3 Vegetation ...... 2 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies ...... 4

2 Methods ...... 7

3 Results ...... 9 3.1 Summary of the fl ora of Pipe Spring National Monument ...... 9 3.2 Life form and biogeographic diversity ...... 10 3.3 Plants of special concern ...... 10 3.4 Noxious weeds ...... 11 4 Discussion ...... 13

5 Literature Cited ...... 15

6 Appendices ...... 17 Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes. . 20 Appendix B. Potential (unconfi rmed) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument...... 44 Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument...... 47 Appendix D. Confi rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form and common name with ecological notes...... 48

Contents iii iv Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Figures

Figure 1.3.1. Location of Pipe Spring National Monument, Mohave County, Arizona. Map created by Aneth Wight of NCPN (derived from Evenden et al. 2002)...... 3 Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa confi rmed as present in Pipe Spring National Monument by decade, 1930–2008...... 6

Contents v vi Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Tables

Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant-collecting efforts in Pipe Spring National Monument...... 5 Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the fl ora of Pipe Spring National Monument...... 9 Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern from Pipe Spring National Monument...... 11

Contents vii viii Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Abstract

In 2005–2006, the National Park Service’s Northern Colorado Plateau Network received funding to develop a revised checklist of the vascular plant fl ora of Pipe Spring National Monument. This entailed a thorough review of existing literature, re-examination of specimens from the Pipe Spring National Monument herbarium and other state and national museum collections, and additional fi eld work to corroborate unverifi ed species reports or locate new species. Based on this study, 277 vascu- lar plant taxa have been confi rmed or reliably reported as occuring in the monument (215 are known from validated herbarium specimens and 62 from unvouchered literature reports). Another 15 species formerly considered part of the monument fl ora have now been shown to be falsely reported. The current fl ora of Pipe Spring National Monument represents 6.5% of the known fl ora of Arizona and 11% of the fl ora of northern Arizona and the Arizona Strip. Although no federally listed threatened or endangered species are known from the monument, two occur in the vicinity. Three plant species from Pipe Spring National Monument are currently tracked as species of concern by the State of Arizona’s Natural Heritage Program. Introduced plants make up nearly 21% of the monument fl ora (58 species), of which only 4 species are considered noxious weeds by the State of Arizona. Further surveys in Pipe Spring National Monument are likely to fi nd additional new species (46 are known from similar habi- tats outside the monument boundary), especially among late-season fl owering, weedy, or wetland taxa.

Contents ix x Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project. Botanist Dr. Angela Evenden, former leader of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network in Moab, Utah, was an active proponent of this project and helped secure funding for fi eld work and herbarium studies in 2006. John Hiscock and Andrea Bornemeier provided data from monument archives and assisted with research permits. Cheryl Decker and Denise Louie, of Zion National Park, assisted with fi eld surveys of the monument in 2001. Heather Karnes and An Glorieux helped with fi eld work and data entry in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Libby Nance, database specialist with the NCPN, assisted with development and quality control of the monument’s NPSpecies database. Libby Nance, Janet Coles, and Helen Thomas also provided data from recent vegetation mapping and wetland inventories on the monument. Drs. Stanley Welsh and Duane Atwood provided access to herbarium collections at Brigham Young University. Dr. Michael Piep provided access to collections at the Utah State University (Intermountain) herbarium. Dr. Ron Hartman and Ernie Nelson provided access and specimen loans from the Rocky Mountain Herbarium at the University of Wyoming. Thanks to the technical reviewers (Angela Evenden, Dr. Dusty Perkins, and Libby Nance) for their comments and suggestions. To any others whom we may have inadvertently forgotten, please accept our apologies (and thanks).

Research was conducted under permit # PISP-2006-SCI-0002 for study number PISP-00005. Funding was provided by the National Park Service through an agreement with the Rocky Mountains Coopera- tive Ecosystem Studies Unit and the University of Wyoming.

Contents xi xii Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument (Evenden et al. 2002). This eff ort has entailed re- 1 Introduction viewing existing species checklists, corroborating the identifi cation of specimens in park museum In 2006, the National Park Service (NPS) estab- and herbarium collections, locating additional lished a cooperative agreement with the Univer- specimen records from other museums, mining sity of Wyoming, through the Rocky Mountains relevant literature and datasets, and conducting Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, to produce fi eld surveys to locate new taxa1 or confi rm un- a series of technical reports summarizing the vas- substantiated reports. All of these data have been cular plant fl ora of each of the 16 national park synthesized in NPSpecies, the park service’s stan- units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network dardized database for documenting park status (NCPN). These reports are based on existing in- (present, probably present, unconfi rmed, falsely formation in the park service’s NPSpecies data- reported), abundance, residency, nativity, and base system and augmented by further data min- rarity. With the production of a technical series of ing, reviews of state and regional herbaria, and reports on the fl ora of each park, the NPSpecies new fi eld surveys to resolve the status of many data will now be available to a broader audience. reported and unconfi rmed species. The objec- tive of these reports is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the fl ora of each park for 1.2 Objectives the benefi t of NPS biologists and interpretive The objectives of this project are to: staff , outside researchers, and the general public. The following report addresses the vascular fl ora 1. Document the current status (present, of Pipe Spring National Monument, in northern reported, potential, or falsely reported) of Arizona. Other NCPN park units are addressed all vascular plant species that have been in separate reports. cited as occurring in Pipe Spring National Monument based on a review of herbarium collections and past literature; and 1.1 Background and justifi cation One of the primary missions of NPS is “to con- 2. Develop an annotated checklist of the fl ora serve unimpaired the natural and cultural resourc- of Pipe Spring National Monument with es and values of the national park system for the supplemental information on taxonomic enjoyment of this and future generations” (NPS synonyms, distribution, within-park abun- 2000). Due to their high degree of protection and dance, fl owering period, growth form, nativ- distribution across a wide variety of habitat types, ity, habitat, and sources for each record. the nation’s national park units make a signifi - cant contribution to the protection of biological 1.3 Study area diversity (Noss and Cooperrider 1994). Unfortu- nately, the full contribution of the NPS system is 1.3.1 History and setting not known, as many park units have traditionally As one of the few reliable water sources in a large lacked comprehensive biological inventories or desert area, Pipe Spring has been a focal area of monitoring programs to identify the composition human activity for many centuries. Prior to about and condition of their biota. Knowing the status 300 B.C., the Arizona Strip was inhabited by semi- of park fl ora and fauna is critical for eff ective park nomadic hunter-gatherers who left little physical management and for systematically identifying evidence behind. Over the next thousand years, and fi lling gaps in the nation’s protected area net- the region was inhabited by Ancestral Puebloan work (Margules and Pressey 2000). peoples who engaged in agriculture and hunting and produced abundant artifacts, including pit- To rectify this shortcoming, Congress passed the house sites, woven baskets, pottery sherds, and National Parks Omnibus Management Act in 1998 arrowheads. Prolonged drought was one likely to provide guidance and funding for an inventory factor that brought an end to the Puebloan cul- and monitoring program across the entire Na- ture in the local area by 1250 A.D. Subsequent tional Park System. Since 2000, the NCPN Inven- inhabitants of the Arizona Strip were semi-no- tory and Monitoring Program has been develop- madic Southern Paiute bands; the Kaibab Paiute ing and verifying species lists of vertebrates and occupied the area at the time of contact with vascular plants for each park unit in the network

1Taxa refer to all named species, subspecies, and varieties.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 European cultures (McKoy 2000, Leach 1999). formation overlies Kayenta strata derived from early Jurassic river sediments. Navajo Sandstone Mormon missionary Jacob Hamblin passed is more permeable than the Kayenta, and the con- through Pipe Spring in 1858; fi ve years later, St. tact between the two formations is notable as a George, Utah, resident James Whitmore estab- source of springs throughout the Colorado Pla- lished a cattle ranch there. In January 1866, Whit- teau. The juxtaposition of this contact zone with more was murdered during a trip to retrieve live- the Sevier Fault (separating the mesa from the stock driven off by an Indian party (Leach 1999, adjacent Moenkopi and Chinle beds to the east) McKoy 2000). The Church of Jesus Christ of accounts for the size and fl ow of the three springs Latter-Day Saints acquired the property in 1870, in the monument (Pipe Spring, itself, and the constructed a fort (Winsor Castle) that controlled smaller Tunnel and Cabin springs). Holocene-age the outlet of Pipe Spring, and managed the site as alluvium covers the eastern and southern ends of a tithing ranch. During the 1870s, the native desert the monument, burying the Triassic Chinle and grasslands were subjected to grazing by more than Moenkopi formations (Billingsley 2004). 2,500 head of cattle and 11,000 sheep (Alexander 1998a). The ranch passed into private ownership 1.3.3 Vegetation in 1895, and remained as such with the establish- ment of the Kaibab Paiute Indian Reservation in Unfortunately, the pre-settlement vegetation of 1909 (McKoy 2000). Pipe Spring and the Arizona Strip was never stud- ied in detail using modern scientifi c methods. While traveling to Zion National Park in 1920, Anecdotal reports by local ranchers describe the National Park Service Director Stephen Mather Strip as a “sea of grass” in the late 1860s (Alex- hatched the idea of preserving the site as a nation- ander 1998a). In 1882, geologist Charles Dut- al monument. With the support of local boosters ton wrote that the Pipe Spring area had changed anticipating improved road access and tourism from being “covered with abundant grasses, af- income, President Warren Harding established fording rich pasturage to horses and cattle” to a Pipe Spring National Monument in May 1923, place where “hardly a blade of grass is to be found to “serve as a memorial of western pioneer life.” within ten miles of the spring, unless upon the (McKoy 2000). The monument’s mission has crags and mesas of the Vermilion Cliff s behind it” since been expanded to also convey American In- in just 10 years (Dutton 1882, cited in Alexander dian culture and history and to protect the spring 1998a). Based on historic diaries, archives, and and associated natural environment (Evenden et photographs, Alexander (1998a) reported that al. 2002). the mesa northwest of Pipe Spring was devoid of trees by the time NPS took over management Pipe Spring National Monument is located about in 1923, and the fl ats surrounding the fort were 15 miles west of Fredonia in eastern Mohave mostly bare ground. County, Arizona (Figure 1.3.1). The monument is situated on the northern end of the Uinkaret Vegetation has slowly recovered in the monu- Plateau, below the Vermilion Cliff s within the Ari- ment. Today, three main plant communities can zona Strip (the northern portion of the state cut be recognized. Sandy fl ats and south-facing mesa off by the Grand Canyon). The entire monument slopes are inhabited by desert shrub vegetation, covers 40 acres (16 ha) and is embedded within dominated by greenish rabbitbrush (Chrysotham- the Kaibab Paiute Indian Reservation. Elevation nus nauseosus), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex ca- within Pipe Spring National Monument ranges nescens), and sand sagebrush (Artemisia fi lifolia) from 4,923 to 5,100 feet (1,500–1,555 m). Winter (Alexander 1998b). Steeper Navajo Sandstone temperatures vary from 0 to 40°F, while summer slopes are dominated by open Utah juniper (Juni- temperatures reach highs of 90–115°F (Evenden perus osteosperma) and two-needle pinyon (Pinus et al. 2002). edulis) woodlands with an understory of turbi- nella live oak (Quercus turbinella) and Utah ser- 1.3.2 Geology viceberry (Amelanchier utahensis). Wet meadow vegetation consisting of baltic rush (Juncus arcti- The sandstone ridge to the northwest of Win- cus), rabbitbrush, and scratchgrass (Muhlenbergia sor Castle is comprised of Jurassic-age Navajo asperifolia) occurs below Cabin Spring (by West Sandstone deposited as part of a Sahara-like dune Cabin). A human-made pond, located just out- system that extended from Nevada to Wyoming side Winsor Castle, is dominated by planted white approximately 180 million years ago. The Navajo poplar (Populus alba), Fremont cottonwood (P.

2 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Pipe Spring National Monument Utah

Visitor Center

To St. George, UT To Fredonia, AZ 389

Legend:

Established May 31, 1923 Intermittent Streams Park Boundary (NPS) 1,500−1,555 meters elevation Paved Road Kaibab Reservation (IR) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 (4,923−5,100 feet elevation) Kilometers 16 hectares (40 acres) Unpaved Road 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Miles Unimproved/4WD Road

Figure 1.3.1. Location of Pipe Spring National Monument, Mohave County, Arizona. Map created by Aneth Wight of NCPN (derived from Evenden et al. 2002).

Chapter 1: Introduction 3 fremontii), Carolina poplar (P. x canadensis), Si- discovered (in hindsight, a reasonable prediction). berian elm (Ulmus pumila), and tree-of-heaven Robert Peebles (co-author of Arizona Flora) and (Ailanthus altissima). Much of the remainder of A. R. Purchase added six new species in 1936, and the grounds is dedicated to cultivated orchards later found two more in a 1940 visit—including and a replica pioneer garden. the fi rst report of Opuntia pinkavae (Pinkava’s pricklypear), not recognized as a new species to 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies science until 1997. Utah botanist Walter Cottam and Kathy Parker also collected a few new taxa in The fi rst botanist to visit Pipe Spring was proba- the 1940s. bly Ellen Powell Thompson, sister of John Wesley Powell and resident of Kanab, Utah, in the early Over the next quarter century, relatively little bo- 1870s (Alexander 2004). It is not known wheth- tanical work was done in the monument, except er Thompson collected specimens at the future for some sporadic study in the early to mid-1960s. monument. Marcus E. Jones investigated the fl ora Ruth Nelson visited Pipe Spring twice starting of Kanab and the Arizona Strip in the 1880s, but in 1971, and added fi ve new species to the fl ora. it is also unknown whether he specifi cally collect- Richard King, a range conservationist with the ed at Pipe Spring. Albert Siler, a pioneer rancher Fredonia offi ce of the Soil Conservation Service, and naturalist in southern Utah, collected the compiled a species list in 1977 that included 82 type specimen of Utahia sileri (later renamed plant species (with an emphasis on shrubs and Pediocactus sileri), Siler’s pincushion cactus, from grass species) (King 1977). King’s list contained “Cottonwood Springs and Pipe Springs, southern 39 new species for the monument, of which all Utah” (actually Arizona) in 1883 (Benson 1982). but 18 have since been confi rmed with vouchers. This collection is now believed to have come from just outside the monument on the Kaibab Paiute The most intensive botanical surveys of Pipe Indian Reservation, as the exacting habitat condi- Spring National Monument since the mid-1930s tions required by this rare cactus are not present have taken place in the last decade. Zion National within monument boundaries. Park biologists Karen Mason and Bill LaBarre, who conducted a noxious-weed inventory in The holotype of Pipe Spring pricklypear (Opun- 1997, reported 13 new species for the monument tia erinacea var. aurea, O. basilaris var. aurea, or (Kurth 1998). In 1998, Jason Alexander was hired O. aurea, depending on one’s taxonomic pref- by the NPS to research vegetation change within erence) was collected “1/2 mile north of Pipe the monument and compile a revised species list. Spring” by McCabe and McCabe in 1930 (Ben- Alexander (1998b) documented 166 taxa for Pipe son 1982). This locality is either within or barely Spring National Monument, of which 63 repre- outside the monument’s boundary, but the spe- sented new species. In 2001, Alexander, Denise cies is well documented elsewhere in Pipe Spring Louie of Zion National Park, and Angie Even- National Monument. If accepted as being col- den of the NCPN staff in Moab, Utah, collected lected in the monument, the McCabe collection 116 vouchers for the PISP herbarium (more than would stand as the earliest known specimen from doubling it in size) and recorded 22 new species the area (Table 1.3.4, Figure 1.3.4). for the fl ora. This team also verifi ed 60 previous literature reports with specimen vouchers (Table Leonard Heaton, custodian of Pipe Spring Na- 1.3.4). More recently, we, along with Janet Coles tional Monument (PISP), began collecting plants of the NCPN vegetation staff , found 10 new spe- for the PISP herbarium in 1934. Over the next cies for the monument in fall 2007, and relocated seven years, Heaton and J. Whitehead collected 18 more species known only from historical or 112 specimens for the herbarium, representing 98 unvouchered reports. species. Heaton (1935) compiled the fi rst check- list of monument fl ora in 1935, citing 42 species Additional details on plant-collecting eff orts at and estimating that another 100 remained to be PISP can be found in Table 1.3.4.

4 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant-collecting efforts in Pipe Spring National Monument. # of new Year Collector(s) Comments taxa 1883 A. L. Siler 0 Albert L. Siler collected the holotype of Pediocactus sileri from “Cottonwood Springs and Pipe Springs, southern Utah” [Arizona] in 1883. Based on the specifi c habitat requirements of this species, it is now believed that the collection came from the adjacent Kaibab Paiute Indian Reservation rather than Pipe Spring National Monument, itself. 1930 McCabe and 1 McCabe and McCabe collected the holotype of Opuntia erinacea var. aurea McCabe “1/2 mile north of Pipe Spring” within or very near Pipe Spring National Monument. 1934–1939 L. Heaton, J. 98 + 7 Leonard Heaton, custodian of Pipe Spring National Monument, Whitehead, A. R. reported compiled a vascular plant species list with 42 species in 1935 and noted Purchase, and “there are about 100 more plants that have not been [n]amed or classifi ed...” R. H. Peebles (Heaton 1935). All but 7 of these species have been subsequently vouchered. From 1934–1939, Heaton and J. Whitehead collected 104 voucher specimens for the PISP herbarium and documented 92 plant taxa. In 1936, Robert H. Peebles discovered 4 new species for the monument and A.R. Purchase added 2 new grass species. 1940–1946 R. H. Peebles, 9 R. H. Peebles discovered 2 new species for PISP in 1940, including the fi rst W. Cottam, L. record of Opuntia pinkavae (later described as a new taxon by Bruce Parfi tt Heaton, and K. F. in 1997). Walter Cottam and Leonard Heaton found 6 new taxa in 1941, Parker including the earliest report of Lepidium montanum var. stellae (Stella’s pepperwort; later described as a new taxon by Stan Welsh in 1978). Kathy Parker discovered Convolvulus arvensis (fi eld bindweed) in the monument in 1946. 1961 F. Fanning 1 F. Fanning collected Amsonia jonesii (Jones’ amsonia) in the monument (specimen at the Desert Botanical Garden herbarium). 1965–1967 E. Lehto and M. 5 Ganz and Lehto made at least 16 collections at Pipe Spring (deposited Ganz at Arizona State University, University of Arizona, and Northern Arizona University). 1971–1973 R. A. Nelson and 5 Ruth Nelson and M. G. MacLeod made collections at PISP during visits in M. G. MacLeod 1971 and 1973 (specimens are deposited at Arizona State University and the University of Wyoming). 1977 R. J. King 21 + 18 Richard King, range conservationist with the Soil Conservation Service in reported Fredonia, Arizona, compiled an annotated checklist of 82 species for the monument (King 1977), including 39 that had not previously been reported. In subsequent years, 21 of King’s new taxa were documented with vouchers. 1995 A. M. Phillips III 1 Arthur Phillips made 9 collections in the monument, including the fi rst of Rhus aromatica var. simplicifolia (squawbush). 1997 K. Mason and B. 8 + 5 Zion NP biological science technicians Karen Mason and Bill LaBarre conducted LaBarre reported a weed survey of PISP, reporting 13 new species for the area (Kurth 1998), of which 8 have been subsequently vouchered. 1998 J. Alexander 34 + 29 Alexander (1998b) examined historic records and conducted a ground survey reported of the monument to compile a revised checklist of 166 vascular plant taxa for PISP. This list included 63 new species, of which 33 were later vouchered (29 are still known only from literature reports). 2001 J. Alexander, D. 22 Jason Alexander, Denise Louie, and Angie Evenden collected 116 voucher Louie, and A. specimens (doubling the size of the PISP herbarium) and documented 22 new Evenden species as well as making vouchers of over 60 previously reported taxa. 2007 W. Fertig and J. 10 Walter Fertig and Janet Coles conducted surveys and vegetation sampling Coles and added 33 specimens for the PISP herbarium, including 10 new to the monument and 18 that were previously considered historical or had been reported without a voucher.

Chapter 1: Introduction 5 250

200

150

100

50 Number of vascular plant taxa

0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

Year

Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa confi rmed as present in Pipe Spring National Monument by decade, 1930–2008.

6 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument ium records), and relevant synonymy and taxo- 2 Methods nomic problems (based on review of Barkworth et al. 2003, 2007, Barneby 1989, Cronquist 1994, Under contract with the National Park Service, Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997, Dorn Jason Alexander reviewed all mounted speci- 2001, Flora of North America Editorial Commit- mens in the PISP herbarium in 2004 to determine tee 1993, 1997, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, whether each was correctly identifi ed to species, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, Holmgren et al. 2005, Mc- subspecies, or variety following the nomenclature Dougall 1973, and Weber and Wittmann 2001). of Welsh et al. (2003). As necessary, he made cor- The annotations to these lists and label data from rections and annotations to each specimen and to the PISP herbarium review were then incorpo- the voucher records in PISP’s Automated Nation- rated into the NPSpecies database for the monu- al Cataloging System (ANCS+) and NPSpecies ment. database. Based on Alexander’s herbarium work, we developed a revised checklist of species that Work in 2007 focused on confi rmation of report- were present in the monument (confi rmed by an ed and potential species for the monument fl ora authenticated voucher) and those that were re- through fi eld surveys and review of collections ported in the literature but not corroborated with from state and regional herbaria. We made one a voucher (equivalent to “probably present” in collecting trip to PISP, in October 2007, to target NPSpecies terminology). Species that were now missing species, emphasizing under-sampled wet- known to be misidentifi ed or highly questionable land, weedy, and late-fl owering taxa. Herbarium were moved to a third list of rejected taxa. Finally, studies were undertaken at Brigham Young Uni- we developed a list of potential species (“uncon- versity, Utah State University, and the University fi rmed” in NPspecies) known from the vicinity of of Wyoming in March, June, and October 2006, Pipe Spring National Monument using an unpub- and February and March 2007. We also docu- lished list generated by Dr. N. Duane Atwood of mented monument specimens from the digital Brigham Young University. herbarium database of Arizona State University (http://seinet.asu.edu/seinet/collections/selec- Each list was annotated with supplemental infor- tion.jsp?cat=plantae) and its links to comparable mation on life form, geographic range (within the databases for the Desert Botanical Garden, Uni- context of Arizona), population size in the monu- versity of Arizona, and Northern Arizona Univer- ment (derived from Jason Alexander’s NPSpecies sity. Finally, we conducted an internet search of dataset for PISP and fi eld observations), fl ower- the virtual herbarium database of the New York ing period, distribution across general vegetation Botanical Garden (http://sciweb.nybg.org/sci- types, nativity, data source (collector and collec- ence2/hcol/intf/index.asp) and examined plot tion number from a sample specimen or literature data from the NCPN vegetation mapping crew citation), year of earliest collection (from herbar- (NCPN, in ed.).

Chapter 2: Methods 7 8 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument mens found through a database search of the 3 Results Arizona State University digital database. Field surveys in 2007 netted another 26 new species 3.1 Summary of the fl ora of Pipe (including 16 that were previously reported with- out a voucher). Overall, the documented fl ora of Spring National Monument Pipe Spring National Monument has increased In 2004, Jason Alexander completed a thorough by 53 species (24.7%), bringing the total number review of the 227 vascular plant vouchers in the of vouchered taxa to 215 (Table 3.1, Appendices PISP herbarium (only 112 of which were col- A, D). lected prior to 2001). He found that 8 specimens were misidentifi ed (3.5%), 3 needed to be revised Currently, 62 additional taxa have been reported to a more current name (1.3%), 27 needed vari- for PISP but have yet to be corroborated with a ety or subspecies names added (11.9%), and 189 voucher specimen (Table 3.1, Appendix A). Of were correctly determined (83.3%). Based solely these, 7 were reported by Heaton (1935), 18 by on these collections, the confi rmed fl ora of Pipe King (1977), 5 by Kurth (1998), and 32 by Alexan- Spring National Monument stood at 162 taxa. der (1998b). Taken together, the number of con- From 2005 to 2007, we located an additional 27 fi rmed and reported vascular plant taxa in Pipe taxa from collections at the University of Wyo- Spring National Monument stands at 277 taxa ming’s Rocky Mountain Herbarium and speci- (Table 3.1, Appendix A).

Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the fl ora of Pipe Spring National Monument. Number Number Category confi rmed additionally Total in park reported for park Taxonomic diversity Total taxa 215 62 277 (including varieties and subspecies) Full species 203 59 262 (excluding varieties and subspecies) Families 54 2 56 Life form diversity Tree taxa 8 2 10 Shrub taxa 34 6 40 Perennial forb taxa 72 26 98 Annual forb taxa 72 9 81 Perennial graminoid taxa 21 15 36 Annual graminoid taxa 8 4 12 Fern taxa 0 0 0 Biogeographic diversity Introduced taxa 35 23 58 Native taxa Locally endemic taxa 4 0 4 Regionally endemic taxa 14 7 21 Disjunct taxa 0 0 0 Peripheral taxa 4 1 5 Sparse taxa 1 0 1 Widespread taxa 157 31 188 Total native taxa 180 39 219 The number of taxa and families is based on taxonomic concepts of Welsh et al. (2003). See Appendices, “Codes and Defi nitions”, for an explanation of the various categories.

Chapter 3: Results 9 Entering the 2007 fi eld season, 41 taxa were rec- an area of less than 1° of latitude × 2° of longi- ognized as potentially occurring in PISP based tude; see Appendix A for complete defi nitions on the proximity of the monument to known of biogeographic categories). Regional endemics populations (Alexander NPSpecies database). (largely restricted to the Colorado Plateau) com- Including fi ve additional species identifi ed by prise an additional 9.6% of the monument fl ora Duane Atwood, the current number of potential (Table 3.1). Species at the edge of their range (pe- species for Pipe Spring National Monument is 46 ripheral) or found sparsely across the state make (Appendix B). up just 2.8% of the total fl ora.

Based on his evaluation of the PISP herbarium, Jason Alexander found 8 taxa that were falsely re- 3.3 Plants of special concern ported due to misidentifi cation. We consider an Pipe Spring National Monument has no plants additional seven species cited (but not vouchered) listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. by Heaton (1935) and King (1977) to be question- Endangered Species Act (ESA). Siler’s pincush- able based on the absence of suitable habitat or ion cactus (Pediocactus sileri), listed as threatened the distance of Pipe Spring National Monument under the ESA, is known from adjacent areas of to the known or expected range of each species the Kaibab Pauite Indian Reservation (Siler’s type (Appendix C). specimen comes from “Pipe Spring”), but is not thought to occur within the monument itself due The confi rmed and reported fl ora of Pipe Spring to a lack of suitable gypsiferous Moenkopi soils National Monument represents 6.5% of the 4,241 (ARPC, no date). The federally threatened Jones’ native and naturalized taxa documented for the cycladenia (Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii) is also state of Arizona by Kartesz (2003) and 34.8% of known from Chinle soils west of Pipe Spring, but the state’s 161 plant families (Table 3.1). Within is unlikely to be found in the monument. Mohave County, the monument fl ora captures 17.4% of the 1,588 taxa reported by Kartesz The Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGF)’s (2003). At the ecoregional scale, Pipe Spring Na- Heritage Data Management System (2008) tracks tional Monument contains 11.0% of the 2,517 three cactus species from PISP as species of con- species of seed plants and pteridophytes reported cern (Table 3.3). All are listed as Salvage Restrict- for northern Arizona by McDougall (1973) and ed (collection prohibited except with a permit) the Flora of North America Editorial Committee under the 1993 Arizona Native Plant Law (ARPC, (1993). no date). Atwood’s wild-buckwheat (Eriogonum thompsoniae var. atwoodii) and Morton wild- 3.2 Life form and biogeographic buckwheat (E. mortonianum) are also tracked as species of concern by AGF and known from the diversity Kaibab Paiute Indian Reservation, but have not Although ecologically dominant, tree and shrub been documented in Pipe Spring National Monu- species make up only 18% of the confi rmed and ment. reported plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Mon- ument (Table 3.1). Perennial forbs are the most Two recently described species with narrow geo- species-rich life form in the monument’s fl ora, graphic ranges currently lack any protective status with 98 known and reported taxa (35.4% of the but might warrant management attention. Stella’s total fl ora). Annual forbs and grass-like plants are pepperwort (Lepidium montanum var. stellae) is unusually species-rich in the monument (relative restricted to southern Utah and northern Arizona to other fl oras in the Colorado Plateau), compris- (Welsh et al. 2003), where it typically occurs on ing 33.5% of all taxa. Like trees and shrubs, pe- gypsum-rich, Moenkopi-derived soils. Leon- rennial graminoids are ecologically important but ard Heaton collected this species at or near Pipe relatively species-poor, representing just 13% of Spring in 1941 (suitable habitat is more likely just the total fl ora. No ferns or fern-allies have been outside the monument), but it remained uniden- found in PISP (Table 3.1). tifi ed until annotated by Jason Alexander in 2004. Pinkava’s pricklypear (Opuntia pinkavae) is also Of the monument’s 219 native taxa, 188 (85.8%) restricted to the Utah–Arizona border and was are widespread across Arizona and western fi rst recorded at Pipe Spring in 1940 by Robert North America. Only four species (1.8% of the Peebles. The holotype of O. pinkavae comes from monument’s native fl ora) have extremely limited Bulrush Canyon, south of Pipe Spring (Parfi tt global distributions (local endemics found within 1997).

10 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern from Pipe Spring National Monument. TNC global Family Species Common name Federal legal status AZ status2 rank1 Cactaceae Opuntia erinacea var. aurea (O. Pipe Spring G3 None Salvage basilaris var. aurea) pricklypear Restricted, S3 Cactaceae Opuntia whipplei var. whipplei Whipple’s cholla G4?T4? None Salvage Restricted, S1 Cactaceae Sclerocactus whipplei var. roseus small-fl ower G4T3? None Salvage (S. parvifl orus ssp. intermedius) fi shhook cactus Restricted, S2 This list is derived from Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage Data Management System (2008) and Arizona Rare Plant Committee (no date). 1TNC global rank assesses abundance and conservation priority on a scale of 1–5 (1 being extremely vulnerable and 5 being secure) for full species (G) and varieties or subspecies (T) across their entire range. A “?” indicates uncertainty in the rank. A comparable scoring system is used to measure state abundance (S) in Arizona under the column “AZ status”. 2AZ status includes protection afforded under the 1993 Arizona Native Plant Law.

3.4 Noxious weeds Kurth (1998) cited 34 non-native species of man- agement concern, based on a 1997 survey of the Introduced plant species (not historically native monument by Karen Mason and Bill LaBarre to Arizona or North America) make up 20.9% of of Zion National Park. These consisted primar- the confi rmed and reported fl ora of Pipe Spring ily of introduced ornamental trees that have be- National Monument (Table 3.1). This fi gure is come weedy or exotic forbs and grasses that are substantially higher than the statewide average common agricultural or rangeland pests. Using a of 12.7% non-native species (Kartesz 2003). Of matrix of signifi cance of impact and feasibility of the 58 introduced plant species confi rmed or re- control, Kurth classifi ed these species into four ported for PISP (Table 3.1), only four are listed as groups: low threat/easy to control, low threat/ noxious by the State of Arizona (ADAPSD 2005). hard to control, serious threat/easy to control, Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium) is on the and serious threat/hard to control. Four species state’s prohibited and restricted noxious weed were recommended for immediate control: tree- lists, while fi eld bindweed (Convolvulus arven- of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima), white poplar sis), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and (Populus alba), tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis), and puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) are listed as Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila). prohibited and regulated noxious weeds.

Chapter 3: Results 11 12 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument historic records (pre-dating 1970) that should 4 Discussion be a priority for re-location to confi rm that they are still extant. Further examination of monu- Beginning with Leonard Heaton’s fi rst species list ment collections from other herbaria in Arizona in 1935, the known fl ora of Pipe Spring National or major national collections (such as Harvard Monument has grown from 42 species to 277 University’s Gray Herbarium, the New York Bo- taxa (Tables 1.3.4 and 3.1, Figure 1.3.4, Appendix tanical Garden, and the Smithsonian Institution’s A). Based on available habitats and proximity, at U.S. National Herbarium) may result in the confi - least another 46 plant taxa may occur within the mation of additional records of historical species monument (Appendix B). Should all of these po- for the monument. Additional fi eld studies would tential species be found, the documented fl ora of also be useful to better refi ne the abundance PISP would increase by nearly 14%. Many of the and distribution of species of high management “missing” potential or reported taxa consist of interest (especially rare plants and invasive non- cryptic species that fl ower late in the growing sea- natives). Surveys following wet winters would son, or occur in undersampled wetland or weedy likely lead to the discovery of new annual native habitats. Confi rmation of reported species should and exotic species. Lastly, better documentation remain a high priority, as some of these taxa may of plant species previously or currently grown in ultimately prove to be erroneous. Pipe Spring also the monument’s orchard and pioneer garden is has a high percentage of plants known only from needed.

Chapter 4: Discussion 13 14 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument 5 Literature Cited Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. Cronquist, A. 1994. Volume 5, Asterales. In Alexander, J. 1998a. Pipe Spring National Monu- Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. ment presettlement vegetation literature Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, survey. Pipe Spring National Monument, Az. eds., Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of 43 pp. the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 496 pp. —— . 1998b. Pipe Spring National Monument master vegetation species list. Report pre- Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, pared for the National Park Service, Pipe and J. L. Reveal, eds. 1972. Volume 1, Geo- Spring National Monument. logical and botanical history of the region, its plant geography and a glossary: The —— . 2004. A summary of fl oristics at Pipe Spring vascular cryptogams and the gymnosperms. National Monument. Pipe Spring National Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the Monument, Az. 3 pp. Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: Arizona Department of Agriculture, Plant Ser- New York Botanical Garden. 270 pp. vices Division (ADAPSD). 2005. Prohibited, Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Hol- regulated and restricted noxious weeds. mgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage eds. 1977. Volume 6, The Monocotyledons. Data Management System. 2008. Special Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the status species by taxon, scientifi c name. Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/edits/hdms _spe- New York Botanical Garden. 584 pp. cies_lists.shtml —— . 1984. Volume 4, Subclass Asteridae (except Arizona Rare Plant Committee (ARPC). No date. Asteraceae). Intermountain fl ora: Vascular Arizona rare plant fi eld guide: A collabora- plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. tion of agencies and organizations. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 573 pp. Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, and M. B. Piep, eds. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Com- Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K. Hol- melinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Flora of mgren, eds. 1997. Volume 3, Part A, Subclass North America north of Mexico, volume 25. Rosidae (except Fabales). Intermountain New York: Oxford University Press. 783 pp. fl ora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botani- Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, L. K. cal Garden. 446 pp. Anderton, and M. B. Piep, eds. 2007. Mag- noliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poa- Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular plants of Wyoming. ceae, part 1. Flora of North America north Third edition. Cheyenne, Wy.: Mountain of Mexico, volume 24. New York: Oxford West Publishing. 412 pp. University Press. 911 pp. Evenden, A., M. Miller, M. Beer, E. Nance, S. Barneby, R. C. 1989. Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. Daw, A. Wight, M. Estenson, and L. Cudlip. In Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. 2002. Northern Colorado Plateau Vital Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, Signs Network and Prototype Cluster, plan eds., Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of for natural resources monitoring: Phase I the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: Report [two volumes]. National Park Ser- New York Botanical Garden. 279 pp. vice, Northern Colorado Plateau Network, Moab, Ut. 138 pp + app. Benson, L. 1982. The cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford, Ca.: Stanford Univer- Flora of North America Editorial Committee. sity Press. 1044 pp. 1993. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Flora of North America north of Mexico, Billingsley, G. H., S. S. Priest, and T. J. Felger. Volume 2. New York: Oxford University 2004. Geologic map of Pipe Spring National Press. 475 pp. Monument and the western Kaibab-Pai- ute Indian Reservation, Mohave County, —— . 1997. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Arizona. Pamphlet to accompany Scientifi c Hamamelidae. Flora of North America Investigations Map 2863. U.S. Geological north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Ox-

Chapter 5: Literature Cited 15 ford University Press. 590 pp. King, R. J. 1977. The fl ora of Pipe Spring Na- tional Monument. Report prepared for the —— . 2000. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Are- National Park Service by the Soil Conserva- cidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingi- tion Service, Fredonia, Arizona. beridae. Flora of North America north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Oxford Kurth, L. 1998. Pipe Spring National Monu- University Press. 352 pp. ment non-native plants survey report, 1997. Report prepared for Pipe Spring National —— . 2002a. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in Monument by Zion National Park. 3 pp. part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Ox- Leach, N. 1999. Pipe Spring National Monu- ford University Press. 608 pp. ment: An ancient oasis on a storied frontier. Springdale, Ut.: Zion Natural History As- —— . 2002b. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and sociation. Orchidales. Flora of North America north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Oxford Margules, C. R., and R. L. Pressey. 2000. Sys- University Press. 723 pp. tematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243–253. —— . 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. Flora of North America north of Mexico, McDougall, W. B. 1973. Seed plants of northern Volume 2. New York: Oxford University Arizona. Flagstaff : Museum of Northern Press. 559 pp. Arizona. 594 pp. —— . 2005. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part McKoy, K. L. 2000. Cultures at a crossroads: 2. Flora of North America north of Mexico, An administrative history of Pipe Spring Volume 2. New York: Oxford University National Monument. Cultural Resources Press. 656 pp. Selections No. 15, Intermountain Region. Denver, Co.: National Park Service. —— . 2006a. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1. Flora of North America National Park Service (NPS). 2000. Management north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Ox- Policies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department ford University Press. 579 pp. of Interior, National Park Service. Publica- tion # NPS D1416. 137 pp. —— . 2006b. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Asteraceae, part 2. Flora of North America Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN). north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Ox- in ed. Pipe Spring National Monument veg- ford University Press. 666 pp. etation classifi cation and mapping project. —— . 2006c. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Noss, R. F., and A. Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving Asteraceae, part 3. Flora of North America nature’s legacy: Protecting and restoring north of Mexico, Volume 2. New York: Ox- biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. ford University Press. 616 pp. 416 pp. Heaton, L. 1935. Plants from Pipe Spring Na- Parfi tt, B. D. 1997. Opuntia pinkavae (Cacta- tional Monument. ceae), a new species from Arizona and Utah. Rhodora 99:223–228. Holmgren, N. H., P. K. Holmgren, and A. Cron- quist. 2005. Volume 2, Part B Subclass Dille- Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittmann. 2001. Colo- niidae. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants rado fl ora: Western Slope. Third edition. of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, Boulder: University Press of Colorado. 488 N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 488 pp. pp. Kartesz, J. T. 2003. Synthesis of the North Ameri- Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. can fl ora, Version 2.0. http://www.bonap. C. Higgins. 2003. A Utah fl ora. Third edition, org/synth.html. revised. Provo, Ut.: Brigham Young Univer- sity. 912 pp. Kearney, T. H., and R. H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona fl ora. Second edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1085 pp. (with supplement by J. T. Howell, E. McClintock, and collabo- rators).

16 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument 6 Appendices Family (Appendices A, B, C, and D) Family concepts and nomenclature follow A Utah The following appendices contain annotated Flora (Welsh et al. 2003). Alternative family names checklists of the vascular fl ora of Pipe Spring Na- and treatments from other regional fl oras (Dorn tional Monument. 2001, Flora of North America Editorial Commit- tee 1993, 2002b, Holmgren et al. 2005, Kearney Appendix A lists all species that have been con- and Peebles 1960, McDougall 1973,Weber and fi rmed for the fl ora with an authenticated vouch- Wittman 2001) are listed in parentheses. er specimen (including extant and historical re- cords), or that have been reliably reported for the Species name (Appendices A, B, C, monument in the literature (Heaton 1935, King and D) 1977, Alexander 1998b). Vouchers were exam- ined from the PISP herbarium and collections Nomenclature for scientifi c names and taxonom- from Brigham Young University (BRY), the Uni- ic concepts are derived from Welsh et al. (2003). versity of Wyoming (RM), and the digital muse- Scientifi c names are listed in alphabetical rather um databases of the New York Botanical Garden than phylogenetic order. (NY), Northern Arizona University, Arizona State University, University of Arizona, and the Desert Synonyms/Taxonomic notes Botanical Garden. Species entries in Appendix A (Appendices A, B, and C) are organized alphabetically by family and genus. Pertinent synonyms are included for species with Species listed in Appendix B are known from the alternative scientifi c names in other recent state vicinity of Pipe Spring National Monument, but and regional fl oras (Barkworth et al. 2003, 2007, have not previously been reported or confi rmed Barneby 1989, Cronquist 1994, Cronquist et for the monument; that is, these species may po- al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997, Dorn 2001, Flora of tentially occur within PISP, based on the prox- North America Editorial Committee 1993, 1997, imity of the monument to other populations or 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, the presence of suitable habitat. Species on this 2006c, Holmgren et al. 2005, Kearney and Peebles list are derived from a checklist of potential spe- 1960, McDougall 1973, and Weber and Wittmann cies for NCPN parks prepared by Dr. N. Duane 2001). No eff ort has been made to identify ad- Atwood, of Brigham Young University, in 2001, ditional synonyms from monographs and fl oras and Jason Alexander for the PISP NPSpecies da- preceding the early 1970s. tabase. Some species from Appendix C could be considered as potentially occurring in the monu- Common name (Appendices A, B, C, ment, but are not included here. and D) Appendix C lists species that have been previ- Common names are derived primarily from ously reported for Pipe Spring National Monu- Welsh et al. (2003) and the Intermountain Flora ment from published and unpublished literature (Barneby 1989, Cronquist 1994, Cronquist et al. (Alexander 1998a, Heaton 1935, King 1977) or 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997, Holmgren et al. 2005). from herbarium specimens, but are now consid- ered erroneous because they were based on mis- Life form (Appendices A, B, C, and D) identifi ed specimens (False Reports or FalsRep), questionable literature records, or because the Life form is based on the stature and growth habit monument is well outside the known or expected of typical members of a species at reproductive range of the species (Questionable or Ques?). maturity. Annual Forbs (AnnF) are broad-leaved dicots or monocots with non-woody stems that Appendix D contains the same confi rmed, his- complete their life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) torical, and reported taxa as in Appendix A, but in one year. Annual Graminoids (AnnG) are lin- organized by life form rather than by family in or- ear-leaved, grass-like monocots that complete der to better meet the needs of NPS interpretive their life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) in one specialists. year. Ferns and fern-allies (Fern) are non-fl ow- ering vascular plants that reproduce by spores. The codes and references for each fi eld in the ap- Perennial Forbs (PerF) are broad-leaved dicots or propriate appendices are summarized below. monocots with non-woody stems (at least above

Appendices 17 ground level) that live for multiple years. Perenni- mens or are considered Questionable (Ques?) al Graminoids (PerG) are linear-leaved, grass-like because park reports are from well outside their monocots that live for multiple years. Shrubs are known or expected range. woody perennials with one to many trunks aris- ing from near the base of the plant and are usually Pop. size (Appendix A) less than 3.5 m tall. Trees are woody perennials with a single stem or trunk and are typically over Population size refers to the abundance and fre- 3.5 m tall. quency with which a species occurs within Pipe Spring National Monument. Abundance data are derived from the PISP NPSpecies database and Range (Appendices A, B, and C) personal observations. Abundant (Abun) taxa Range represents the distribution of a species have large populations, have a broad ecological within Arizona and the state’s contribution to the amplitude (often being dominant in one to sev- plant’s overall global range. Disjunct (Disj) taxa eral vegetation types), or occur extensively across have their Arizona distribution separated from the monument. Common (Com) taxa have large the main, contiguous portion of their range by a local populations but may be restricted to a single gap of more than 800 km (ca. 500 miles). Intro- vegetation type or do not occur across the entire duced (Intro) taxa are those that are not native monument. Uncommon (Unc) taxa have low to to Arizona or North America but have become medium-sized populations, typically have a nar- naturalized (breeding on their own without hu- row ecological amplitude (or at least contribute man assistance). Local Endemics (LocEn) are relatively little to total vegetative cover), or have taxa in which the entire global range is restricted a small range across the monument. Rare taxa to an area of less than 16,500 km2 (ca. 6,370 mi2, usually have low population numbers and are re- or 1° of latitude × 2° of longitude). Peripheral stricted to a single location within the monument. (Periph) taxa have a widespread global distribu- A “?” indicates that population size is unknown. tion but occur at the margin of their contiguous range in Arizona and occupy less than 5% of the Source (Appendix A) state’s area (usually only within a few miles of the state border). Regional Endemics (RegEn) are Sources are the evidence for the assigned park taxa with a global range of 16,500–250,000 km2 status. In the case of Present and Historical taxa, (an area about the size of the state of Wyoming). sources are herbarium records (with collector, Sparse taxa occur widely across Arizona or North collection number, and repository) that were cor- America but their range within Arizona is small roborated during this study. For reported taxa, and patchy, with populations restricted to special- the source is a published or unpublished refer- ized or uncommon habitats. Widespread (Wide) ence citing the species within the monument. taxa have global ranges exceeding 250,000 km2 Specimen repositories include the Pipe Spring and occur over at least 10% of the state. National Monument herbarium (PISP), Brigham Young University (BRY), Utah State University (USU), New York Botanical Garden (NY), the Park status (Appendices A, C, and D) University of Wyoming’s Rocky Mountain Her- Park status identifi es whether a species is Pres- barium (RM), Northern Arizona University, Ari- ent (Pres), Historical (Hist), or Reported (Rep) zona State University, University of Arizona, and for Pipe Spring National Monument. Species are Desert Botanical Garden. considered Present if a confi rmed voucher or documented observation has been made within Year doc. (Appendix A) monument boundaries since 1970. Historical species have been confi rmed with a voucher from Year documented indicates the fi rst year in which the monument but have not been relocated since a species was confi rmed or reported to occur in before 1970. Reported species are listed for the Pipe Spring National Monument. This year does monument in the literature (Heaton 1935, King not necessarily correspond with the date of the 1977, Alexander 1998b), but have not been cor- voucher specimen cited under Source. “NA” roborated with a voucher specimen. Species that indicates that the fi rst year is not known (used may potentially occur in PISP are listed in Appen- mostly for “reported” taxa). dix B. Rejected taxa (listed in Appendix C) have either been falsely reported (FalsRep) in the lit- erature based on misidentifi ed herbarium speci-

18 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments (Appendices A, B, C, and Habitat (Appendix D) D) The distribution of species across generalized This column includes additional comments on habitats in Pipe Spring National Monument is in- the status of a particular species in the monu- dicated by an “x” in the columns DesSh through ment, the place of origin for introduced species, Wet and is derived from the vegetation classifi ca- legal status, and other data. tion used by Alexander (1998b). DesSh = Desert shrub vegetation of fl ats and foothills below the monument’s Navajo Sandstone mesa dominated Nativity (Appendix D) by greenish rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseo- Nativity indicates whether a species is native to sus var. consimilis), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex Arizona or introduced (Intro) based on McDou- canescens), and sand sagebrush (Artemisia fi lifo- gall (1973) and Kartesz (2003). lia). PinJun = Pinyon-Juniper woodlands/rim- rock dominated by Utah juniper (Juniperus os- Flower time (Appendix D) teosperma), Two-needle pinyon (Pinus edulis), turbinella live oak (Quercus turbinella), and Utah Flower Time refers to the months in which a spe- serviceberry (Amelanchier utahensis). Wet = cies is most likely to be in fl ower. NA indicates Wet meadows associated with natural seeps and a species that is a non-fl owering fern or gymno- springs. Additional comments are included for sperm. species that are restricted to a particular soil/geo- logic type or are found mostly in disturbed sites.

Appendices 19

”

c name c brevifolia Y. vespertina Y. Amaranthus owers only) owers Comments Alexander, speci- Alexander, men might also be (collected with fl divide between Mt. Carmel & Kanab, Kane Co., UT (McKelvey 4347a A). USFWS: 3C “ sp.” USA the “ form Year Year doc. 1936 1977 According to J. 1936 1977 locality is Type 2001 King (1977) cited 2007 Native to SW 1995 1961 1936 PISP specimen is 1998 Source Louie PISP 25 (PISP) 1225 (PISP) 1254 (PISP) 1232 (PISP) (PISP) (NAU) (Desert Bot Garden) (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Sparse Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. Common name datil yucca Shrub Wide Pres Unc Evenden & whorled milkweed Kanab yucca Shrub LocEn Pres Unc Alexander prostrate pigweed grain amaranth AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23683 squawbush Shrub Wide Pres Unc Phillips 95-101 squawbushJones’ amsonia Shrub PerF Wide RegEn Rep Hist ? ? Heaton (1935) Fanning s.n. 1935 tomentose amsonia common dogbane broadleaf milkweed

var.

, & var. var. var. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic baccata A. galioides kanabensis R. trilobata simplicifolia R. trilobata trilobata A. eastwoodiana Includes vars. cannabinum, glaberrimum angustifolium

var. var. stenophylla vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family and scientifi rmed, historical, and reported Yucca baccataYucca baccata Y. Asclepias subverticillata Yucca kanabensisYucca angustissima Y. Amaranthus blitoides A. graecizans Amaranthus hypochondriacus Rhus aromatica simplicifolia Rhus aromatica trilobata Amsonia jonesii Amsonia tomentosa var. Apocynum cannabinum Asclepias latifolia with taxonomic and biogeographic notes. Appendix A. Confi FamilyAgavaceae (Liliaceae) Species name Asclepiadaceae Agavaceae (Liliaceae) Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae

20 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument

owers eld Co., UT echinoides Comments has unusually large fl var. var. is Paria Canyon, Garfi (Jones 5297p POM) “Southern Utah” (Parry 164 ) Year Year doc. 1936 1941 2001 PISP specimen 1937 1936 NA 1937 locality of Type 1937 1936 locality is Type 1937 2001 1936 c name with taxonomic Source (PISP) Louie PISP 14 (PISP) Louie PISP 15 (PISP) (RM) (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) Louie PISP 16 (PISP) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & AnnF RegEn Pres Unc Evenden & PerF Wide Pres Unc Nelson 9311 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander PerF RegEn Hist ? Heaton 24 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 14 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 13 AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. ower Common name cushion cryptanth cupseed stickseed basin yellow cryptanth Jones’ popcorn- fl thick-sepaled cryptanth plateau yellow cryptanth plateau cryptanth slender cryptanth redroot cryptanth wingnut cryptanth wingnut cryptanth bindweed heliotrope

ssp.

ava var. echinoides, Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic L. texana, marginata, L. redowskii cupulata Includes vars. fulvocanescens & Oreocarya fulvocanescens californica Euploca convolvulacea

avafl Oreocarya var. ora cupulata cycloptera pterocarya Cryptantha circumscissa Lappula occidentalis var. Cryptantha confertifl Plagiobothrys jonesii Cryptantha crassisepala elachantha Cryptantha fl Cryptantha fulvocanescens Cryptantha gracilis Cryptantha micrantha Cryptantha pterocarya var. Cryptantha pterocarya var. Heliotropium convolvulaceum rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyBoraginaceae Species name Boraginaceae and biogeographic notes, cont. Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae

Appendices 21 t Comments Alexander (1998b) NW of Bulrush Canyon S of Pipe Spring, Mohave Co., AZ (Parfi 2874 ASU) 1/2 mile N of Pipe Spring, Mohave Co., AZ (McCabe & McCabe s.n. DS) Year Year doc. 1998 1965 Also cited by 1936 1940 locality is Type 1940 1930 locality is Type 1971 1977 c name with taxonomic (1998b) Source (ASU) (PISP) (ASU) (ARIZ) (ASU) (ASU) Alexander (1998b) Pop. size Park status Range PerF RegEn Rep ? Alexander Life form PerF Wide Pres Unc Ganz 177 PerF LocEn Pres Unc Lehto s.n. PerF Wide Hist ? Peebles 14696 PerF LocEn Pres Com MacLeod 422 PerF Wide Pres Com MacLeod 428 PerF Wide Rep ? King (1977), Glen Canyon hedgehog cactus Common name large pricklypear claretcup PerF Wide Pres Unc Heaton s.n. Pinkava’s Pinkava’s pricklypear Mohave claretcup Pipe Spring pricklypear Utah pricklypear brittle pricklypear

O. O.

var. Utah Flora

inermis. Vars. not Vars.

in var. var. var. (2003) (2003) (2003) (2003); (2003) aurea Flora of North Flora of North Flora of North Flora of North (2003) decumbens. of North America recognized in Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Includes var. Includes var. Vars. not recognized Vars. in E. engelmannii America considered part of woodburyi, macrorhiza Flora Vars. not recognized Vars. in America O. aurea, basilaris var. polyacantha Var. not recognized Var. in America considered a few- spined variant of brachyartha Vars. not recognized Vars. in America

var.

var. var. var. major Echinocereus triglochidiatus melanacanthus Echinocereus engelmannii variegatus Opuntia pinkavae O. basilaris Echinocereus triglochidiatus mojavensis Opuntia erinacea aurea Opuntia erinacea var. Opuntia erinacea var. utahensis Opuntia fragilis O. fragilis Opuntia phaeacantha var. rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Cactaceae Appendix A. Confi FamilyCactaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae

22 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument is 9 S. Comments (but not vouchered) by W. Fertig, 2007 near St. George, Co., Washington UT (Goodding 810 NY) intermedius mi SW of Pipe Spring, Mohave Co., AZ (Peebles & Parker 14712 CAS) Year Year doc. 1977 Photographed 1936 locality is Type 1998 of Type 1935 Native to Asia 1935 1935 2001 2001 1966 1998 Native to Eurasia 2001 c name with taxonomic Source Alexander (1998b) (ARIZ) Louie PISP 26 (PISP) (PISP) 1187 (PISP) 1226 (PISP) 1236 (PISP) 1252 (PISP) 1212 (PISP) 1261 (PISP) 1192 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form Shrub RegEn Pres Unc King (1977), Shrub Wide Hist ? Peebles 13079 PerF Periph Pres Unc Evenden & AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Com Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Rep ? Heaton (1935) 1935 ower shhook cactus shhook Common name Whipple’s Whipple’s cholla shrubby winterfat smallfl fi Russian thistle AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23676 yellow beeplant AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander greasewood Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander silver orach AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Torrey’s Torrey’s seepweed fourwing saltbush lambsquarter AnnF Intro Pres Unc Alexander Fremont’s Fremont’s goosefoot narrowleaf goosefoot var. var.

Flora S. Includes var. & var. Vars. not Vars. orus, Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic intermedius. S. contortus Cylindropuntia whipplei (2003). of North America subspinosa. recognized in S. parvifl S. whipplei terrae-canyonae pestifer, S. australis pestifer, A. argentea S. moquinii, nigra, S. fruticosa A. canescens occidentalis C. album C. fremontii Eurotia lanata, Ceratoides lanata

var. var. var. var.

subspinosa var. var. roseus album Opuntia whipplei whipplei Sclerocactus whipplei var. Salsola tragus S. kali, iberica, Cleome lutea Sarcobatus vermiculatus Atriplex argentea argentea Suaeda torreyana torreyana Atriplex canescens canescens Chenopodium album var. Chenopodium fremontii fremontii Chenopodium leptophyllum Krascheninnikovia lanata rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCactaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Cactaceae Chenopodiaceae Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Chenopodiaceae (Sarcobataceae) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae

Appendices 23 eld eld Comments by J. Coles, 2007 by J. Coles and Fertig, 2007 W. Year Year doc. 1935 1977 1998 Observed in fi 2007 1977 1977 2001 1977 Observed in fi 1937 c name with taxonomic Source 1185 (PISP) 1257 (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) 1186 (PISP) (PISP) 1240 (PISP) (1998b) Evenden PISP- 10 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23674 AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23681 Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & Common name bur ragweed AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander sand sagebrush Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander sand wormwood tarragon PerF Wide Rep ? King (1977) 1977 basin big sagebrush common ragweed Louisiana wormwood Siskiyou aster PerF Wide Pres Rare Alexander Bigelow’s Bigelow’s sagebrush Gray’s Gray’s chaenactis

cus

var. Var. . var. ssp.

lifolius var. ssp ssp. ca, A. ca, (2006) ca, Oligosporus ca, cus, O. pacifi Flora of North glaucus, A. pacifi hesperius, Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Franseria acanthicarpa Oligosporus dracunculus ssp. dracunculoides. not recognized in Cronquist (1994) and America tridentatum A. ludoviciana A. artemisiifolia elatior albula pacifi campestris pacifi A. lanceolatus var. Symphyotrichum lanceolatum hesperium A. campestris ssp. Seriphidium tridentatum C. carphoclinia carphoclinia lifoliafi Oligosporus tridentata glauca albula scouleriana Ambrosia acanthicarpa Artemisia dracunculus ssp. Artemisia fi Ambrosia artemisiifolia Artemisia ludoviciana var. Aster hesperius A. coerulescens, Artemisia bigelovii Artemisia campestris var. Artemisia tridentata var. Chaenactis carphoclinia rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

24 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments Year Year doc. 1998 1936 1939 1998 2007 1998 2007 2001 c name with taxonomic Source 1247 (PISP) (PISP) 1207 (PISP) 1219 (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) 1193 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Shrub Wide Rep ? King (1977) 1977 Shrub Wide Pres Com Alexander AnnF Wide Rep ? Heaton (1935) 1935 Life form Shrub Wide Pres Com Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23665 Shrub Wide Rep ? Alexander Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Fertig 23678 Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander Common name green rabbitbrush spreading daisy PerF Wide Pres Unc Heaton s.n. slenderleaf rabbitbrush Canadian horseweed rose-heath PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander greenish rabbitbrush graystem rabbitbrush glabrate rabbitbrush rush rabbitbrush puberulent rabbitbrush

Flora ssp. var. var. by some var. (2006) orus orus consimilis, hololeucus, hololeuca graveolens, juncea Flora of North Erigeron canadensis, not recognized Vars. in E. divergens America (2006). of North America authors. Var. not authors. Var. recognized in Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Leucelene ericoides, Aster arenosus Included in var. Included in var. viscidifl Ericameria nauseosa var. E. nauseosa oreophila, C. nauseosus oreophilus C. nauseosus var. Ericameria nauseosa var. Ericameria nauseosa var. E. nauseosa glabrata Ericameria nauseosa var. Chrysothamnus viscidifl puberulus

var.

junceus

var. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. orus orus orus orus divergens Conyza canadensis glabrata Erigeron divergens var. Chaetopappa ericoides Chrysothamnus viscidifl viscidifl stenophyllus Chrysothamnus nauseosus consimilis Chrysothamnus nauseosus gnaphalodes Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus viscidifl puberulus Chrysothamnus viscidifl rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix A. Confi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

Appendices 25 Comments Year Year doc. 1998 1998 1998 1998 2001 1935 Native to Europe 1998 2001 1935 2001 1935 c name with taxonomic Source (1998b) 1202 (PISP) (1998b) 1217 (PISP) 1208 (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) Evenden PISP 8 (PISP) 1198 (PISP) 1258 (PISP) 1197 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Periph Rep ? Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF RegEn Rep ? Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Com Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander ower ower ower eabane Common name Navajo fl common hyalineherb Arizona blanketfl povertyweed PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Hopi blanketfl prickly lettuce AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23690 curlycup gumweed tidytips AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & thread snakeweed broom snakeweed common sunfl

Flora Flora

var.

var. var. lifolius Includes orus, var. ssp. not var. Vars. not Vars. (2006) G. lucida subglaber paucifl lifolius lifolius Flora of North lifolius Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic E. concinnus concinnus. var. var. lugens, H. fi var. H. fi megacephalus, H. fi tomentosus (2006). recognized in of North America axillaris. Vars. not recognized Vars. in America Includes (2006) recognized in of North America H. aridus; H. lugens, fi

da var. cinereus var. lenticularis serrulata lifolius Erigeron pumilus concinnus Gaillardia arizonica Iva axillaris I. axillaris Gaillardia pinnatifi Lactuca serriola Grindelia squarrosa var. Layia glandulosa Gutierrezia microcephala Gutierrezia sarothrae Helianthus annuus ssp. Hymenopappus fi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

26 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument cation Comments prohibited and restricted noxious weed. Native to Eurasia “Southern Utah” (Thompson s.n. GH) needed Year Year doc. 1936 1998 Native to Europe 1998 2001 1998 2001 1998 AZ state 1936 locality is Type 1935 1998 Identifi 1997 Native to Europe c name with taxonomic Source Louie PISP 31 (PISP) (1998b) 1215 (PISP) 1199 (PISP) (PISP) Louie PISP 27 (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) Louie PISP 35 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Intro Rep ? Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23668 AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 3 (PISP) 1937 PerF RegEn Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Pres Unc Whitehead s.n. AnnF Intro Pres Unc Evenden & ower liform desert- liform Common name common sowthistle hoary aster PerF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & tansyleaf aster AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander white-plume wire lettuce brown-plume wire lettuce fi dandelion sowthistle desert- dandelion Scotch thistle PerF Intro Repgreenstem paperfl ? Alexander Douglas’ groundsel spinyleaf sowthistle

var. var. exigua accidus var. ssp. canescens douglasii accidus accidus, S. fl Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Aster canescens, Dieteria canescens var. Aster tanacetifolius glabrata O. acanthium acanthium S. longilobus, S. fl fl var.

var.

var. sp. goldenrod PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander ora ora Machaeranthera canescens Sonchus oleraceus canescens Machaeranthera tanacetifolia Stephanomeria exigua S. exigua Malacothrix glabrata M. californica Stephanomeria paucifl Malacothrix sonchoides Onopordum acanthium Psilostrophe sparsifl Senecio douglasii longilobus Solidago Sonchus asper rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name Compositae (Asteraceae) and biogeographic notes, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

Appendices 27 Comments “Southern Utah” (Parry 109 GH) prohibited and regulated noxious weed. Native to Eurasia Year Year doc. 1937 locality is Type 2001 1939 1997 Native to Europe 1941 1935 1971 Native to Europe 1935 1936 1946 AZ state 1998 1937 Native to Europe 1935 c name with taxonomic 1204 (PISP) Source Evenden PISP 19 (PISP) (PISP) Louie PISP 28 (PISP) (PISP) 1188 (PISP) (RM) & King (1977) (PISP) (ARIZ) (1998b) (PISP) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Life form PerF Wide Pres Unc Louie & AnnF Periph Hist ? Heaton 1941-1 AnnF Wide Pres Unc Heaton 1941-2 AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Rep ? Heaton (1935) PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander AnnF Intro Hist ? Heaton 17 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. ixweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc9304 Nelson eld bindweed PerF Intro Hist ? Parker 6238 scapose greenthread Common name hoary townsendia western tansymustard yellow salsify PerF Intro Pres Unc Evenden & western tansymustard golden crownbeard fl rough cocklebur spectaclepod AnnF Wide Pres Unc Heaton s.n. fi perennial rockcress shepherd’s- purse western tansymustard

major D. ssp. by some var. (2006) (2006). var. var. Flora of North Flora of North Vars. not recognized Vars. in America Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic osmiarum Included in pinnata authors D. pinnata halictorum Ximenesia encelioides X. pensylvanicum, X. saccharatum. not recognized Vars. in America wislizeni Boechera perennans

var.

var. intermedia osmiarum exauriculata canadense glabra subnudum Thelesperma subnudum Townsendia incana Townsendia var. Tragopogon dubiusTragopogon dubius T. Descurainia pinnata var. Verbesina encelioides Verbesina var. Descurainia sophia Xanthium strumarium var. Dithyrea wislizeni Dimorphocarpa Convolvulus arvensis Arabis perennans perennans Capsella bursa-pastoris Descurainia pinnata var. Descurainia pinnata rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Convolvulaceae Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)

28 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments is St. George, Co., Washington UT (Jones 1636 NY) of Cannonville, Kane Co., UT (Reveal & Reveal 4454 BRY) Year Year doc. 1939 Native to Europe 1998 1936 1998 1937 locality Type 1938 1941 locality is SE Type 1966 Native to Europe 1997 Native to Europe 1941 Native to Europe 1939 1937 1935 1935 c name with taxonomic Source (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) 1244 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) 17 (PISP) (ARIZ) (PISP) 11 (PISP) Louie PISP 3 (PISP) (PISP) 1218 (PISP) 1246 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Intro Hist ? Heaton s.n. Tree Wide Rep ? Alexander AnnF Periph Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Pres Com Heaton s.n. PerG Wide Pres Rare Heaton s.n. PerF LocEn Hist ? Heaton 1941- AnnF Intro Hist ? Lehto 7172 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 18 ower ddle mustard ddle Common name spreading wallfl Rocky Mountain juniper prairie pepperwort Nebraska sedge PerG Wide Pres Rare Alexander Jones’ pepperwort blackcreeper sedge Stella’s Stella’s pepperwort clasping pepperwort watercress PerF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23692 tumble mustard AnnF Intro Pres Unc Heaton 1941- prince’s-plume PerF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & long-beak fi buffalo gourdbuffalo PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Utah juniper Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander

var. var. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Includes var. Includes var. macrocarpum L. montanum cinereum aquaticum pinnata Sabina osteosperma orum cinalenasturtium- Rorippa ramosum jonesii stellae Erysimum repandum Juniperus scopulorum Sabina scopulorum Lepidium densifl var. Carex nebrascensis C. nebraskensis Lepidium montanum var. Carex praegracilis Lepidium montanum var. Lepidium perfoliatum Nasturtium offi Sisymbrium altissimum Stanleya pinnata S. pinnata Streptanthella longirostris Cucurbita foetidissima Juniperus osteosperma rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCruciferae (Brassicaceae) Species name Cupressaceae and biogeographic notes, cont. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cyperaceae Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cyperaceae Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cucurbitaceae Cupressaceae

Appendices 29 cation Comments needed North America upper valley of the Virgin, Kane Co., UT (Siler s.n. ISC) vegetatively by Fertig, 2007 Year Year doc. 1998 Identifi 1998 2007 Native to eastern 1998 1935 1977 locality is Type 2007 1977 1965 Observed 1998 1939 1936 c name with taxonomic (1998b) Source 1242 (PISP) (PISP) 1243 (PISP) 1249 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) 1201 (PISP) (ARIZ) (1998b) 1203 (PISP) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerG Wide Pres Rare Alexander AnnF Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23691 PerG Wide Pres Rare Alexander Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Fertig 23667 Shrub Wide Pres Rare Fertig 23669 Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Ganz s.n. PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Com Heaton s.n. at-sedge AnnF Intro Rep ? Alexander Common name Parish’s Parish’s spikerush prostrate spurge three-square bulrush turbinella live- oak roundleaf buffaloberry Torrey’s Torrey’s ephedra green ephedra Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander Cutler’s Cutler’s ephedra rattlesnake- weed Fendler’s spurgeFendler’s PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander ridge-seeded spurge

var. var. longispicatus, polyphyllus, Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic E. chamaesyce Scripus pungens var. Schoenoplectus pungens Scirpus americanus var. longispicatus, Schoenoplectus pungens polyphyllus E. viridis E. cutleri Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbia glyptosperma

var. var. var. sp. fl Cyperus Eleocharis parishii Scirpus pungens longispicatus Quercus turbinella Shepherdia rotundifolia Ephedra torreyana Ephedra viridis viridis Ephedra viridis viscida Chamaesyce albomarginata Chamaesyce fendleri Euphorbia fendleri Chamaesyce glyptosperma Chamaesyce prostrata Euphorbia prostrata, rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyCyperaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Fagaceae Elaeagnaceae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae

30 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments near St. George, Co., Washington UT (Palmer s.n. US) Buckskin Mtns, Kaibab Plateau “on the southern edge of Utah”, Kane Co., UT (Jones s.n. POM) and Africa Year Year doc. 1936 1936 locality is Type 1998 locality is Type 1997 Native to Europe 1998 Native to Eurasia 1941 1935 c name with taxonomic Source (PISP) (ARIZ) (1998b) 1213 (PISP) 1241 (PISP) 1210 (PISP) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Hist ? Peebles 13080 PerG Intro Rep ? King (1977) 1977 Native to Eurasia PerG Wide Pres Com Alexander Common name golden corydalis white-margined swertia Utah swertia PerF RegEn Rep ? Alexander stork’s-bill AnnF Intro Pres Com Alexander redtop PerG Intro Pres Unc Alexander crested wheatgrass purple three- awn sixweeks grama AnnG Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23671

ssp. &

ssp. Includes var. var. ssp. barbata Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic C. curvisiliqua occidentalis Frasera albomarginata cristatum, A. cristatum pectinatum, A. pectinatum, A. sibiricum, A. fragile, A. mongolicum, desertorum purpurea fendleriana, A. fendleriana, A. purpurea longiseta barbatum. vars. rothrockii

var. Corydalis aurea occidentalis Swertia albomarginata Swertia utahensis Frasera paniculata Erodium cicutarium Agrostis stolonifera A. alba, gigantea Agropyron cristatum A. cristatum Aristida purpurea A. glauca, Bouteloua barbata Chondrosum rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyFumariaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae)

Appendices 31 Comments Year Year doc. 1977 1936 1977 Native to Eurasia 1998 Native to Eurasia 1938 Native to Eurasia 1977 1998 Native to Eurasia 1977 c name with taxonomic Source 1250 (PISP) (ARIZ) Evenden PISP 22 (PISP) Evenden PISP 34 (PISP) 14 (PISP) Alexander (1998b) (1998b) Alexander (1998b) Pop. size Park status Range Life form eld sandbur AnnG Wide Rep ? Kurth (1998) 1997 Common name sideoats grama PerG Wideblack grama Rep PerG ? Wide Pres King (1977) Unc 1977 Alexander blue grama PerG Wide Pres Unc Purchase 272 ripgut brome AnnG Intro Pres Unc Louie & smooth brome PerGred brome Intro Rep AnnG ? Intro Pres King (1977) Com Louie & 1977 Native to Eurasia cheatgrassfi AnnG Introdesert saltgrass Pres PerG Wide Com Rep Heaton 1941- ? King (1977), barnyard-grass AnnG Intro Rep ? Alexander tall wheatgrass PerG Intro Repsquirreltail ? PerG Kurth (1998) Wide 1997 Rep Native to Eurasia ? King (1977),

stricta, & var. var. var. var. var. E. orus Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic eriopodum caespitosa Includes vars. curtipendula diandra Bromopsis inermis, Bromus inermis D. stricta microstachya Includes microstachya, E. muricata ponticus, Agropyron elongatum, Thinopyrum ponticum E. elymoides elymoides

var. Bouteloua eriopoda Chondrosum Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Chondrosum gracile Bromus diandrus B. rigidus, Anisantha Bromus inermis inermis Bromus rubens Bromus tectorum Anisantha tectorum Distichlis spicata D. spicata Cenchrus longispinus C. paucifl Echinochloa crus-galli Elymus elongatus E. elongatus Elymus elymoides Sitanion hystrix, rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix A. Confi FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae)

32 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments western North America Year Year doc. 1977 1938 1998 Native to 1977 1977 Native to Europe 1936 c name with taxonomic Alexander (1998b) Source (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) Alexander (1998b) 1209 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range PerG Intro Rep ? King (1977) 1977 Native to Eurasia PerG Wide Rep ? King (1977), Life form PerG Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. AnnG Intro Rep ? Alexander uffgrass PerG Wide Rep ?(1935) Heaton 1935 intermediate wheatgrass western wheatgrass Common name slender wheatgrass stinkgrassMexican AnnGlovegrass Intro Rep ? King (1977) 1977 Native to Eurasia tufted lovegrass AnnG Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23682 fl tall fescue PerG Intro Rep ? King (1977), galleta PerG Wide Pres Unc Alexander foxtail barley PerG Wide Rep ? King (1977) 1977

smithii var. latiglumis, trachycaulus, palmeri Pascopyrum smithii; includes vars. hispidus, Thinopyrum intermedium & Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic intermedium, Elytrigia intermedia, E. hispidus var. E. alaskanus ssp. Agropyron caninum, A. subsecundum, A. trachycaulum, latiglume Dasyochloa pulchella, pulchellus Tridens phoenix, S. arundinaceus, Lolium arundinaceum Elymus smithii Agropyron smithii, Elymus hispidus Agropyron Elymus trachycaulus E. trachycaulus Eragrostis cilianensis Eragrostis mexicana E. orcuttiana Eragrostis pectinacea E. diffusa Erioneuron pulchellum Festuca arundinacea Schedonorus Hilaria jamesii Pleuraphis jamesii Hordeum jubatum Critesion jubatum rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix A. Confi FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae)

Appendices 33 Comments vegetatively by Fertig, 2007 and Africa and Africa Year Year doc. 1938 1977 1977 1977 2007 1998 1977 Native to Europe 1998 Native to Eurasia 1998 Native to Eurasia 1977 1936 1936 1977 c name with taxonomic Source (PISP) Evenden PISP 28 (PISP) 1223 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) Alexander (1998b) (PISP) (1998b) Alexander (1998b) 1221 (PISP) (ARIZ) 1220 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerG Wide Pres Unc Louie & AnnG Wide Pres Rare Fertig 23670 PerG Intro Rep ? King (1977), AnnG Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23686 PerG Intro Rep ? Alexander Common name rabbit barley AnnG Intro Pres Unc Heaton 1941-3 needle-and- thread scratchgrass PerG Wide Pres Unc Alexander Indian ricegrass PerG Wide Pres Unc King (1977) 1977 Observed bush muhly PerG Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23680 false buffalograss muttongrass PerG Wide Rep ? Alexander Kentucky bluegrass rabbitsfoot- grass water polypogon alkali sacaton PerG Wide Rep ? King (1977), spike dropseed PerG Wide Pres Unc Alexander sand dropseed PerG Wide Pres Unc Purchase 271 mesa dropseed PerG Wide Pres Unc Alexander

ssp. ssp. comata Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic H. murinum Hesperostipa comata var. leporinum, Critesion glaucum hymenoides, Achnatherum hymenoides fendleriana longiligula Agrostis semiverticillata, P. viridis S. airoides

var. exuosus airoides Hordeum murinum H. leporinum, Stipa comata comata Muhlenbergia asperifolia Stipa hymenoides Oryzopsis Muhlenbergia porteri Munroa squarrosa Monroa squarrosa Poa fendleriana longiligula, P. P. Poa pratensis Poa agassizensis Polypogon monspeliensis Polypogon semiverticillatus Sporobolus airoides var. Sporobolus contractus Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus fl rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name (Poaceae) and biogeographic notes, cont. Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae

34 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments Year Year doc. 1998 Native to Europe 1934 1977 1937 2001 1937 1998 1998 1938 1998 1935 Native to Eurasia c name with taxonomic Source 1190 (PISP) (PISP) Evenden PISP 23 (PISP) (PISP) Evenden PISP 6 (PISP) Evenden PISP 12 (PISP) (1998b) Louie 33 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) 1235 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range PerF RegEn Hist ? Heaton s.n. Life form PerG Wide Pres Unc Louie & AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & AnnF RegEn Hist ? Heaton 7 (PISP) 1937 PerF Intro Pres Unc Alexander Common name Sheldon’s Sheldon’s milkvetch Dorr’s sageDorr’s Shrub Wide Pres Unc Heaton 1 (PISP) 1937 desert needlegrass corrugate phacelia crenulate phacelia Ives’ phacelia AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & Goodding’s Goodding’s pretty phacelia blue-eyed grass PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander Baltic rush PerG Wide Pres rushTracy’s Unc PerG Evenden & Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. Torrey’s rushTorrey’s PerG Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23693 common horehound spearmint PerF Intro Pres Rare Alexander

J. balticus, var. ssp. by some var. var. var. brunnescens. includes var. includes var. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic speciosum, Jarava speciosum P. corrugata P. P. crenulata P. Included in ensifolius montanus, J. arcticus J. arcticus ater; mexicanus J. saximontanus forma montanus authors

var. var. var. var. dorrii S. carnosa ssp. vespertinus Astragalus amphioxys var. Stipa speciosa Achnatherum Salvia dorrii Phacelia crenulata corrugata Phacelia crenulata crenulata Phacelia ivesiana Phacelia pulchella gooddingii Sisyrinchium demissum brunnescens Juncus arcticus J. balticus Juncus ensifolius Juncus torreyi Marrubium vulgare Mentha spicata rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Appendix A. Confi FamilyGramineae (Poaceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Labiatae (Lamiaceae)

Appendices 35 Comments is near Kanab, Kane Co., UT (Thompson s.n. GH) Kanab, Kane Co., UT (Thompson s.n. GH) North America is near Kanab, Kane Co., UT (Thompson s.n.) Year Year doc. 1998 1935 locality Type 1998 1998 1977 Native to Europe 1937 1998 1998 Native to Europe 2001 locality is Type 1998 Native to eastern 1936 locality Type c name with taxonomic Source Louie PISP 21 (PISP) Evenden PISP 1 (PISP) (PISP) Decker 1444 (PISP) Alexander (1998b) Louie PISP 17 (PISP) (1998b) (1998b) 1251 (PISP) 1256 (PISP) (Univ Arizona) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & PerF Wide Pres Unc Louie & PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander & AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & AnnF Intro Rep ? King (1977), PerF Intro Rep ? Alexander PerF RegEn Pres Rare Alexander ax AnnF Wide Pres Unc23675 Fertig Common name painted milkvetch stinking milkvetch broomfl white-stem blazingstar white sweetclover Nuttall’s licoriceNuttall’s PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander yellow sweetclover dwarf lupine AnnFalfalfa Wide Hist ? PerF Intro Heaton 2 (PISP) Rep 1937 ? Kurth (1998) 1997 Native to Europe Thompson’s Thompson’s peteria black locust Tree Intro Pres Unc Alexander pink funnel-lily PerF Wide Hist ? Peebles 13078 sinuous mariposa by

sativa var. ssp. included ssp. cinalis M. offi Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic albicaulus, A. gracilis some authors lepidota in pusillus L. pusillus Brodiaea paysonii

var. exuosus cinalis orum ceramicus praelongus Astragalus ceramicus var. Astragalus praelongus var. Linum aristatumMentzelia albicaulis Mesynium aristatum M. obscura, Acrolasia Glycyrrhiza lepidota G. lepidota Melilotus offi Medicago sativaMelilotus alba M. sativa M. albus, Lupinus pusillus pusillus Peteria thompsoniae Robinia pseudoacacia Androstephium brevifl Calochortus fl rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyLeguminosae (Fabaceae) Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Linaceae Loasaceae Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Liliaceae (Themidaceae) Liliaceae (Calochortaceae)

36 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Comments is Rockville, Co., Washington UT (Jones 6082c) near St. George, Co., Washington UT (Parry 72 GH) vegetatively by Fertig, 2007 Year Year doc. 1998 2001 1966 locality Type 1997 Native to Eurasia 1936 locality is Type 1936 1935 1936 1937 Observed 1935 1998 c name with taxonomic 1214 (PISP) Source Louie PISP 24 (PISP) (ARIZ) 1231 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) 1255 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) Evenden PISP 18 (PISP) 1200 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Intro Pres Com Alexander AnnF RegEn Hist ? Heaton 25 PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Hist ? Whitehead s.n. PerF Wide Pres Unc Heaton 20 PerF Wide Pres Unc Louie & PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & desert stickleaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander Common name Virgin stickleaf PerF Wide Hist ? Lehto 7037 hollyhockcommon mallow PerF Intro Rep ? Kurth (1998) 1997 Native to China Parry’s Parry’s camissonia tiny camissonia AnnF Periph Hist ? Heaton s.n. Mohave globemallow small-leaf globemallow fragrant sand- verbena showy four- o’clock rough menodora slender-pod slender-pod camissonia

var.

A.

var. var. var. var. ora, ora ora includes ora, Nuttallia ora, ora ora, M. ora, ora orum exuosa integra fl multifl Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic integra, M. pumila var. multifl multifl var. multifl multifl elliptica elliptica, A. nana harrisii, var. Quamoclidion multifl Oenothera chamaenerioides orapumila M. ora multifl M. ambigua Mentzelia integra M. multifl Althaea roseaMalva neglecta Alcea rosea Camissonia parryi Oenothera parryi Mentzelia multifl Sphaeralcea ambigua var. Camissonia parvula Oenothera contorta Sphaeralcea parvifolia Abronia fragrans A. fragrans Mirabilis multifl Menodora scabra Camissonia chamaenerioides rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyLoasaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Malvaceae Malvaceae Onagraceae Loasaceae Malvaceae Onagraceae Malvaceae Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Oleaceae Onagraceae

Appendices 37 Comments Europe is Paria River, is Paria River, Kane Co., UT (Cronquist 10202 MO) Year Year doc. 1935 1998 1935 1939 1998 Native to Eurasia 1998 1935 Mostly native to 1936 1998 locality Type 2001 1936 1935 NA c name with taxonomic Source Evenden PISP 5 (PISP) (1998b) 1248 (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) 1224 (PISP) 1189 (PISP) (PISP) Louie PISP 20 (PISP) 1205 (PISP) 1206 (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander Tree Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Intro Pres Rare Alexander AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF RegEn Pres Unc Evenden & PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide PresPerF Unc Wide Alexander Pres Unc Whitehead s.n. AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & AnnF RegEn Rep ? Alexander owered Common name northern willow-herb two-needle pinyon scarlet gaura PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. English plantain PerF Intro Rep ? Alexander small-fl gaura common plantain white-stem evening primrose Paria evening primrose California evening primrose pale evening primrose Cooper’s broomrape pygmy golden- poppy early evening primrose

O. Utah var.

var. from araneosa

includes & ora (1993) and vars. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic ciliatum, E. watsonii, E. adenocaulon Includes var. Includes var. pachyphylla cooperi Flora Includes var. Includes var. runcinata multifl Oenothera primiveris O. ludoviciana ludoviciana, O. cooperi;

var. oramollis G. ora navajoensis bufonus Epilobium ciliatum E. ciliatum Pinus edulis Gaura coccinea Plantago lanceolata Gaura parvifl Plantago major Oenothera albicaulis Oenothera caespitosa var. Oenothera californica Oenothera pallida pallida Oenothera primiveris var. Eschscholzia minutifl Orobanche ludoviciana rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyOnagraceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Pinaceae Onagraceae Plantaginaceae Onagraceae Plantaginaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Papaveraceae Orobanchaceae

38 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument and (2005). Flora of North Comments America plants from PISP represent vars. inconspicua sinuata is St. George, Washington Co., UT (Jones 6091 POM). Considered a local endemic restricted to the Shivwits area of Co. Washington in Year Year doc. 1941 1936 If recognized, 1937 1936 1937 1937 1939 1937 1936 1977 locality Type c name with taxonomic Source (PISP) Louie PISP 13 (PISP) (PISP) 1211 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) Alexander (1998b) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 21 PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 19 AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. Shrub RegEn Rep ? King (1977), ower owered Common name Mohave eriastrum shy gilia AnnF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & common gilia AnnFlong-fl Widegilia Hist ? Heaton s.n. spreading gilia AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton 30 Mohave langloisia cushion milkwort Thurber’s Thurber’s spinefl nodding wild buckwheat golden wild buckwheat

var.

sinuata, includes & ora (2005) glutinosum Flora of North Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Includes vars. inconspica G. ophthalmoides, sinuata, Gilia clokeyi Aliciella leptomeria subspinosa Vars. not recognized Vars. in America var. var. E. aureum,

var. oralongifl Gilia var. cernuum Eriastrum eremicum Gilia inconspicua Gilia leptomeria leptomeria Ipomopsis longifl Ipomopsis polycladon Gilia polycladon Langloisia setosissima Polygala subspinosa subspinosa P. Centrostegia thurberi Chorizanthe thurberi Eriogonum cernuum var. Eriogonum corymbosum aureum rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyPolemoniaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae

Appendices 39 ” arenastrum Comments prohibited and regulated noxious weed. Native to eastern North America PISP specimen is “ phase. Year Year doc. 1936 1935 1998 AZ state 2001 1977 1936 2001 1998 Native to Eurasia. 1998 c name with taxonomic (PISP) Louie PISP 36 (PISP) Source (PISP) 1228 (PISP) 1227 (PISP) (ARIZ) Evenden PISP 7 (PISP) 1230 (PISP) (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. Life form AnnF Intro Pres Com Fertig 23663 Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Louie & PerF Wide Rep ? Heaton (1935) 1935 skeletonweed wild buckwheat desert trumpet PerF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & Common name common purslane crispleaf wild buckwheat slender wild buckwheat pale larkspur PerF Wide Hist ? Peebles 13077 Palmer’s wild Palmer’s buckwheat water smartweed yard knotweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc Alexander curly dockcanaigre dock PerF PerF Wide Intro Pres Rep Unc ? Fertig 23672 Kurth (1998) 1997 Native to Eurasia

E. var. var.

var. var. ssp. davidse includes

& exum atum emersum, P. emersum, P. E. lancifolium exum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Includes vars. velutinum, divaricatum, erectum, defl E. infl E. simpsonii, microthecum foliosum; phoeniceum D. scaposum and P. aviculare P. aviculare P. amphibium P. var. coccineum, Persicaria coccinea, Persicaria amphibia

exumdefl E. atum var. var. atum infl scaposum Eriogonum corymbosum corymbosum Eriogonum infl var. Eriogonum microthecum simpsonii Delphinium andersonii var. Eriogonum defl Eriogonum palmerianum Polygonum aviculare arenastrum, P. Polygonum amphibium Rumex crispus Rumex hymenosepalus Portulaca oleracea rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyPolygonaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae) Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Portulacaceae

40 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument R. Comments is Toquerville, is Toquerville, Co., Washington UT (Jones 1716 GH) North America (1977) as arizonica Year Year doc. 1973 1971 locality Type 1998 1936 2007 1939 1998 Native to Europe 1998 Native to central 1936 1977 Cited by King 1997 Native to Eurasia 1998 1998 Native to Eurasia 2007 c name with taxonomic Source (RM) 1259 (PISP) Evenden PISP 38 (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) (PISP) 1239 (PISP) 1253 (PISP) 1260 (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) (RM) Pop. size Park status Range Life form Shrub Wide Pres Unc Nelson 9308 PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. Tree Wide Pres Unc Alexander Tree Intro Rep ? Alexander Common name Utah serviceberry coyote willow Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander Apache plume Shrub Wide Pres Unc Louie & golden currant Shrub Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23685 comb-leaf cinquefoil garden currant Shrub Intro Rep ? Alexander American plum Shrub Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23689 cliff-rose Shrub Wide Pres Unc Heaton s.n. Woods’ roseWoods’ Shrub Wide Pres Unc Alexander white poplar Tree Intro Pres Unc Alexander Fremont cottonwood Lombardy poplar Carolina poplar Tree Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23687 balm of Gilead Tree Intro Pres Unc Nelson s.n. . P. P. x

exigua var. P. nigra P. var. var. var. var. x var. R. manca Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic S. exigua aureum P. pectinisecta P. P. stansburiana, P. Cowania mexicana R. woodsii ultramontana. Includes P. fremontii, P. fremontii, P. P. deltoides fremontii Hybrid between deltoides Hybrid between balsamifera P. deltoides

var. var. var. var.

var. canadensis jackii x x Amelanchier utahensis Salix exigua stenophylla Fallugia paradoxa Ribes aureum R. aureum Potentilla gracilis elmeri Ribes sativum R. rubrum Prunus americana Purshia mexicana stansburyana Rosa woodsiiPopulus alba R. arizonica, Populus fremontii fremontii Populus nigra Populus Populus rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyRosaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Salicaceae Rosaceae Saxifragaceae (Grossulariaceae) Rosaceae Saxifragaceae (Grossulariaceae) Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae

Appendices 41 Comments is Springdale, Co., Washington UT (Jones 5250 in part US) 2.5 miles N of Kanab, Kane Co., UT (Maguire, Maguire, & Piranian 12279 UTC) Year Year doc. 2001 1998 1935 1998 locality Type 1998 locality is Type 1937 1935 Native to China 2007 1977 1939 1998 c name with taxonomic Source Louie 29 (PISP) 1195 (PISP) 1229 (PISP) (1998b) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (PISP) (1998b) Pop. size Park status Range Life form PerF Wide Pres Unc Evenden & PerF RegEn Rep ? Heaton (1935) 1935 PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander AnnF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF RegEn Rep ? Alexander PerF RegEn Pres Unc Fertig 23666 PerF Wide Hist ? Heaton 11 PerF Wide Pres Rare Fertig 23695 PerF Wide Rep ? Alexander ower Common name desert paintbrush Palmer’s Palmer’s ground-cherry Wyoming paintbrush smallfl bird’s-beak smooth penstemon Palmer’s Palmer’s penstemon Utah penstemon tree-of-heaven Tree Intro Pres Unc Fertig 23684 false nightshade angel’s trumpetangel’s AnnFpale wolfberry Wide Shrub Pres Wide Pres Unc Unc Heaton (1935) 1935 Fertig 23673 desert tobacco AnnF Wide Hist ? Heaton s.n. thick-leaved ground-cherry

var. &

var. martinii, C. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic angustifolia dubia ssp. palmeri palmeri N. obtusifolia; includes vars. trigonophylla P. hederaefolia P. orus eglandulosus palmeri Castilleja chromosa C. applegatei Castilleja linariifolia C. linariaefolia Cordylanthus parvifl Penstemon laevis Penstemon palmeri var. Penstemon utahensis Ailanthus altissima Chamaesaracha coronopus Datura wrightii pallidum Lycium Datura meteloides Nicotiana trigonophylla Physalis crassifolia Physalis hederifolia var. rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilyScrophulariaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Simaroubaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae

42 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Juniperus Comments America on osteosperma prohibited and regulated noxious weed. Native to Eurasia. Year Year doc. NA Native to South 1977 Native to Eurasia 1973 Native to Asia 1998 1937 1997 1998 parasitic Typically 2001 1997 AZ state c name with taxonomic Source (1998b) Kurth (1998) (RM) 1245 (PISP) Evenden PISP-2 (PISP) 1216 (PISP) (PISP) 1237 (PISP) 1233 (PISP) Pop. size Park status Range Life form AnnF Intro Rep ? Alexander Shrub Intro Rep ? King (1977), PerF Wide Pres Rare Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Louie & PerF Wide Pres Unc Alexander PerF Wide Pres Unc Fertig 23677 ve-stamen Common name ground-cherry nightshade fi tamarisk Siberian elm Tree Intro Pres Unc Nelson s.n. cutleaf water- parsnip purple-nerved spring-parsley prostrate vervain juniper mistletoe creosote bush Shrub Wide Pres Rare Alexander puncturevine AnnF Intro Pres Unc Alexander

var. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic physalifolium nitidibaccatum ramosissima B. erecta

var. Solanum sarrachoides S. villosum, Tamarix chinensisTamarix pentandra, T. T. Ulmus pumila Berula erecta incisa Cymopterus multinervatus Verbena bracteata Verbena Phoradendron juniperinum Larrea tridentata Tribulus terrestris Tribulus rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, organized by family scientifi Appendix A. Confi FamilySolanaceae Species name and biogeographic notes, cont. Tamaricaceae Ulmaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Verbenaceae Viscaceae Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae

Appendices 43 Mohave Co., AZ (Siler s.n. MO). USFWS: Threatened Range Comments Life form tumble pigweedredroot pigweedshowy milkweed AnnFdwarf cryptanth AnnFrecurved cryptanth Introcommon hound’s-tongue Intro PerF Native to tropical America showy stoneseed PerF Native to Central America PerF AnnF pincushion cactusSiler’s Wide Intro Wide Periph PerF Native to Eurasia PerF LocEn Wide locality is Pipe Spring, Type Rocky Mountain beeplant AbbFshadscale Wide Shrub Wide summer-cypressdesert goosefoot AnnF Intro AnnF Periph Native to Eurasia oakleaf goosefoothalogeton AnnF Wide AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia winterfatbarbwire Russian thistlegoldenhead AnnF Shrubburdock Intro Wide budsage Native to Eurasia hoary dusty-maiden Shrub dusty-maidenFremont’s Wide PerFstevia dusty-maiden AnnF PerF Wide Wide Shrub AnnF Intro Periph Wide Native to Eurasia Common name

& C. var. scoparia, ssp. douglasii Vars. not recognized Vars. Flora of North America Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic B. sieversiana Some authors include pratericola C. salinum Ceratoides lanata, Eurotia lanata. in (2003). A. sphaerocephalus sphaerocephalus Includes vars. montana cinale lanata var. exus salinum rmed) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument. Amaranthus albus Amaranthus retrofl Asclepias speciosa Cryptantha humilisCryptantha recurvata Oreocarya humilis Cynoglossum offi Lithospermum incisum Pediocactus sileri Utahia sileri Cleome serrulata Atriplex confertifolia Bassia scoparia Kochia scoparia Chenopodium desiccatum Chenopodium glaucum var. Halogeton glomeratus Krascheninnikovia lanata Salsola paulsenii Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Arctium minus Artemisia spinescensChaenactis douglasii Picrothamnus desertorum Chaenactis fremontii Chaenactis stevioides Amaranthaceae Asclepiadaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Cactaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyAmaranthaceae Species name Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

44 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument Kane Co., UT (Thompson s.n. GH). USFWS: 3C George, Washington Co., George, Washington UT (Palmer 6 GH) Kane Co., UT (Thompson s.n. GH) Range Comments Shrub RegEn locality is near Kanab, Type Life form PerF Wide ower AnnF Wide ower sandpuffs ower AnnF Wide ax-leaved plainsmustard ax-leaved PerF Wide Thompson’s wild Thompson’s buckwheat setose crustweed AnnF Wide locality is near St. Type prairie sunfl Common name common dandelionblue mustard pepperwortpoor-man’s PerF AnnFAfrican mustard Intro Wide AnnF Native to Eurasia Intro AnnF Native to Asia Intro Native to Africa fl hairy tridens PerG Wide sixweeks fescuewheatwoolly milkvetch AnnG Wide PerF Wide AnnG locality is Kanab, Type Intro Native to Eurasia silvery lupine PerF Wide small-fl hairy-throat evening- primrose woolly plantain evening-snow AnnF Wide AnnF Wide long-leaf phlox PerF Wide &

&

includes var. var. var. longifolia gnaphaloides, petiolaris ora; breviscapa & ora glauca, hirtella, Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic E. thompsoniae thompsoniae Includes var. Includes var. Sisymbrium linifolium vars. octofl Abronia micrantha, T. Abronia micrantha, T. pedunculatus purshii; patagonica, P. includes vars. spinulosa, Includes vars. stansburyi

var.

cinale var. oraoctofl Vulpia fallax pubescens thompsoniae rmed) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, cont. thompsoniae Glyptopleura setulosa Helianthus petiolaris ssp. Taraxacum offi Taraxacum Chorispora tenella Lepidium virginicum var. Malcolmia africana Schoenocrambe linifolia Erioneuron pilosum Festuca octofl Triticum aestivum Triticum Astragalus mollissimus var. Lupinus argenteus argenteus Tripterocalyx micranthus Plantago patagonica patagonica P. Oenothera coronopifolia Linanthus dichotomus Phlox longifolia Eriogonum corymbosum Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyCompositae (Asteraceae) Species name Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Nyctaginaceae Plantaginaceae Onagraceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae

Appendices 45 Range Comments Life form ax PerF Wide Eastwood’s paintbrushEastwood’s wolfberryAnderson’s PerF RegEn Shrub Wide willow-weed AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia drab buttercup PerF Wide bur buttercupbastard toadfl AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia Common name

var. Includes var. Includes var. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Persicaria lapathifolia inamoenus. alpeophilus. orthoceras C. pallida

var. pallida rmed) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument, cont. scabrida andersonii Lycium Polygonum lapathifolium Ranunculus inamoenus R. inamoenus Ranunculus testiculatus Ceratocephala testiculata, C. Comandra umbellata var. Castilleja scabrida Solanaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyPolygonaceae Species name Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Santalaceae Scrophulariaceae

46 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument . S. Y. O. Type Type orus crenulata. Type Type Not known var. var. var. var. ora. Native to Europe. G. inconspicua. C. multinervatus. O. cespitosa Plagiobothrys jonesii. M. multifl S. asper. crenulata P. M. albicaulis. Cordylanthus parvifl occurs in California but is . aurea. . ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of var. orus navajoensis. misidentifi Co., UT (Jones locality is St. George, Washington 1659 POM). C. parvifl misidentifi from Arizona ambigua. misidentifi Comments kanabensis. misidentifi Co., UT (Parry 171 locality is St. George, Washington GH). erinacea misidentifi A. canescens misidentifi AZ state prohibited noxious weed. Q. turbinella. dumosa not known from Arizona. misidentifi misidentifi misidentifi status Range Park PerF RegEn FalsRep Report from PISP herbarium based on a PerF Wide FalsRep Report from PISP herbarium based on a form Shrub RegEn Ques? Reported by Heaton (1935), but probably based on rock gilia bird’s-beakNevin’s AnnF AnnF Wide RegEn FalsRep Ques? Report from PISP herbarium based on a Reported by Heaton (1935), but probably based on Colorado Plateau spring-parsley caliche globe mallow PerFlong-tube evening- Wideprimrose Ques? Reported by King (1977), but probably based on narrowleaved yucca Shrubbearded cryptantha RegEn AnnF Ques? Wide Reported by King (1977), but probably based on beavertail cactus FalsRep Report from PISP herbarium based on a PerF Wide Ques? Reported by King (1977), but probably based on Common name Life Wyoming stickleaf PerF RegEn FalsRep Report from Alexander (1998a) based on a spiny-leaf sowthistle AnnF Introcoastal sage scrub oak FalsRep Report from PISP herbarium based on a valley saltbush Shrub RegEn Ques? Reported by Heaton (1935), but probably based on Jones’ phaceliacurvepod stickleaf AnnF AnnF Wide Wide FalsRep FalsRep Report from PISP herbarium based on a Report from PISP herbarium based on a mountain tarweeed AnnF Periph FalsRep Report from Alexander (1998a) based on a var. var. var. var. var. var. var. var. angustissima C. purpureus purpureus Y. angustissima Y. var. basilaris Taxonomic notes Taxonomic M. pumila P. crenulata P. ambigua jonesii A. cuneata

var. var. var. cuneata Gilia scopulorum Cordylanthus nevinii Cymopterus purpureus Sphaeralcea laxa Oenothera cespitosa marginata Yucca Yucca angustissima Cryptantha barbigera Opuntia basilaris O. basilaris pumila Atriplex gardneri var. Sonchus arvensis Quercus dumosa Phacelia ambigua Mentzelia nitens M. nitens Mentzelia pumila Madia glomerata Polemoniaceae Scrophulariaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Malvaceae Onagraceae Agavaceae (Liliaceae) Boraginaceae Cactaceae Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument. Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported Family Species name Synonyms/ Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Fagaceae Hydrophyllaceae Loasaceae Loasaceae Compositae (Asteraceae)

Appendices 47 Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Carolina poplarbalm of Gileadtree-of-heavenSiberian elm Intro Introdatil yucca Pres IntroKanab yucca Pressquawbush Apr–May Intro Pres Apr–Maysquawbush Pres Jun–Jul chollaWhipple’s Native Native Mar–Apr Presfourwing saltbush Pres Native Native Apr–Jun Presshrubby winterfat May–Jul Native Native Pres May–Jul Repgreasewood x Cultivated x Pres May–Jul Native Cultivated May–Jul sagebrushBigelow’s May–Sep Hist x x x Disturbed areas x Native Disturbed areas May–Jul x Native x Pres Pres x x Aug–Oct May–Aug x x x x Rocky Mountain juniperblack locust Nativetwo-needle pinyon Repwhite poplarFremont cottonwood NA Native IntroLombardy poplar Pres Native Pres Intro NA Pres x Intro Mar–Jun Pres May–Jun x Rep Mar–Jun Apr–May x x Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated sand sagebrush basin big sagebrushgreenish rabbitbrush Native Native Pres Pres Native Pres Jul–Oct Aug–Oct Aug–Oct x x x

var. var.

var. var.

trilobata var. var. var. var. var. lifolia jackii canadensis x x Populus Ailanthus altissima Ulmus pumila baccata Yucca kanabensis Yucca Rhus aromatica simplicifolia Rhus aromatica Opuntia whipplei whipplei Atriplex canescens canescens Krascheninnikovia lanata Sarcobatus vermiculatus Artemisia bigelovii Artemisia fi subspinosa Juniperus scopulorum Robinia pseudoacacia Pinus edulis Populus alba Populus fremontii fremontii Populus nigra Populus Artemisia tridentata tridentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus consimilis taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form and common name with rmed, historical, and reported Salicaceae Simaroubaceae Ulmaceae Shrubs Agavaceae (Liliaceae) Agavaceae (Liliaceae) Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Cactaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae (Sarcobataceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix D. Confi ecological notes. FamilyTrees Cupressaceae Species name Common name Nativity Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Pinaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

48 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status coyote willow Native Pres Apr–Aug x graystem rabbitbrushglabrate rabbitbrush Native Presrush rabbitbrush Native Aug–Oct Reppuberulent rabbitbrush Native Native x Aug–Octslenderleaf rabbitbrush Pres Pres Nativegreen rabbitbrush x Jul–Sep Pres Aug–Octthread snakeweed x Jul–Sepbroom snakeweed Native x Utah juniper Rep Native x roundleaf buffaloberry x Native ephedra x Torrey’s Pres Jul–Sep Nativegreen ephedra Pres x Pres Jul–Oct ephedraCutler’s Native x Jul–Octturbinella live-oak Native Mar–May Pres sageDorr’s x Pres Native x x Native NA Native Pres NAgolden wild buckwheat x Pres Pres x x Native NAcrispleaf wild buckwheat NA Native x Rep Native x Utah serviceberry Pres Pres Aug–OctApache plume x May–Jun x American plum Jul–Oct cliff-rose Native x Pres roseWoods’ Native x Intro x May–Jun Pres x Pres Apr–Aug Native Native Pres Pres x May–Jun May–Jul x x x x x Cultivated

var. var. var. var. var. var. orus orus orus

viridis viscida var. dorrii stenophylla var. var. var. ssp. orus puberulus stenophyllus viscidifl Chrysothamnus nauseosus gnaphalodes Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens Chrysothamnus nauseosus junceus Chrysothamnus viscidifl var. Chrysothamnus viscidifl var. Chrysothamnus viscidifl var. Gutierrezia microcephala Gutierrezia sarothrae Juniperus osteosperma Shepherdia rotundifolia Ephedra torreyana Ephedra viridis Ephedra viridis Quercus turbinella Salvia dorrii Eriogonum corymbosum aureum Eriogonum corymbosum corymbosum Amelanchier utahensis Fallugia paradoxa Prunus americana Purshia mexicana stansburyana Rosa woodsii Salix exigua rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Appendix D. Confi FamilyShrubs, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Species name Common name Nativity Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cupressaceae Elaeagnaceae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Fagaceae Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae

Appendices 49 tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Rep Mar–Jul x Native Pres Apr–May x x shhook ower fi ower ve-stamen tamarisk ve-stamen Intro Rep Apr–Sep x creosote bushJones’ amsonia Native Pres Native Hist Apr–Jun Apr–Jun x x x golden currantgarden currantpale wolfberry Nativefi Pres Intro Mar–Jul Rep Nativetomentose amsonia Pres Maycommon dogbane Mar–May Nativebroadleaf milkweed x Histwhorled milkweed Nativebasin yellow cryptanth Native Apr–Mayplateau yellow cryptanth Rep x Native Hist Native Nativeplateau cryptanth Disturbed areas x Pres Jun–Aug Pres Rep Jun–Aug Apr–Jun May–Sep Native Apr–Jun x Cultivated Hist x x x x May–Jun x x x Disturbed areas Glen Canyon hedgehog cactus cactus claretcupMohave claretcupPipe Spring pricklypearUtah pricklypear Native Native Native Histbrittle prickly-pear Pres Pres Native Apr–Jun May–Jun Apr–Jun Native Pres x x Rep May–Jun Jun–Jul x x x x x x x large pricklypear pricklypearPinkava’s small-fl Native Native Pres Pres Apr–Jul May–Jun x x x

var.

var. var. aurea var. ora var. var. ava melanacanthus mojavensis Larrea tridentata Amsonia jonesii Amsonia tomentosa Ribes aureum Ribes sativum pallidum Lycium chinensis Tamarix stenophylla Apocynum cannabinum Asclepias latifolia Asclepias subverticillata Cryptantha confertifl Cryptantha fl Cryptantha fulvocanescens Echinocereus engelmannii variegatus Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. Opuntia erinacea Opuntia erinacea utahensis Opuntia fragilis Opuntia phaeacantha major Opuntia pinkavae Sclerocactus whipplei roseus rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Zygophyllaceae Perennial Forbs Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Appendix D. Confi FamilyShrubs, cont. Saxifragaceae (Grossulariaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Saxifragaceae (Grossulariaceae) Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae

50 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status ower Native Hist May–Sep ower Native Pres Apr–Aug x x eabane Native Rep May–Aug x eld bindweed Intro Hist Jun–Aug Disturbed areas sand wormwoodtarragon NativeLouisiana wormwood RepSiskiyou aster Nativerose-heath Jul–Sep Pres Nativespreading daisy Jul–Oct Rep x Native Jul–Oct Pres Native Native Pres Jul–Sep Pres x x May–Sep May–Sep x x x x x perennial rockcress Native Rep Mar–Jul x scapose greenthreadhoary townsendia Nativeyellow salsify Presfi Native May–Aug Pres x Intro Apr–Jul Pres x x May–Jul x x Navajo fl Hopi blanketfl brown-plume wire lettuce Native Pres May–Oct x x curlycup gumweed Native Rep Jul–SepDouglas’ groundsel Native Pres May–Oct Disturbed areas x common hyalineherbpovertyweed Nativehoary aster PresScotch thistle May–Octgreenstem paperfl Native x Pres Native Intro Pres May–Sep Rep May–Sep Jun–Sep x x x x x

var.

var.

ssp. var. ora

var.

var. var. ora da var. var. var. lifolius sp. goldenrod Native Rep Jun–Oct x canescens Artemisia campestris scouleriana Artemisia dracunculus glauca Artemisia ludoviciana albula Aster hesperius Chaetopappa ericoides Erigeron divergens divergens Erigeron pumilus Arabis perennans perennans subnudum incana Townsendia dubius Tragopogon Convolvulus arvensis concinnus Gaillardia pinnatifi Stephanomeria paucifl Thelesperma subnudum Grindelia squarrosa serrulata Hymenopappus fi Senecio douglasii longilobus Solidago cinereus Iva axillaris Machaeranthera canescens var. Onopordum acanthium Psilostrophe sparsifl rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Compositae (Asteraceae) Species name Common name Nativity Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Convolvulaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae)

Appendices 51 tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status golden corydaliswhite-margined swertiaUtah swertia Native Nativeblue-eyed grass Hist Histcommon horehoundspearmint May–Jul milkvetchSheldon’s Intro Native Native x Reppainted milkvetch Pres Rep Nativestinking milkvetch Jun–Jul May–Oct Hist Apr–Aug x Intro x Native licoriceNuttall’s Mar–Jun x x Pres Presalfalfa Native x yellow sweetclover x Rep Jun–Aug Apr–Jun x peteria x Thompson’s Nativepink funnel-lily Apr–Jul x x Intro Repsinuous mariposa x Native Disturbed areas Rep May–Jul PresVirgin stickleaf Intro Nativedesert stickleaf Native May–Oct Apr–Junhollyhock Rep Hist x x Pres Native May–Sep Apr–May Apr–Jun x Native Hist Pres x x Apr–Oct x Intro Apr–Sep x x Rep Disturbed areas Jun–Oct Disturbed areas x Cultivated Jones’ pepperwort pepperwortStella’s Nativewatercress Pres Nativeprince’s-plume gourdbuffalo Hist Apr–Seprattlesnake-weed May–Jun spurgeFendler’s x Native Intro x Native Native Pres x Pres Native Pres Rep Apr–Sep May–Sep Pres May–Aug Apr–Sep May–Sep x x x x x x x x Disturbed areas

var. var. orum var. var. var.

ora var. cinale exuosus cinalis occidentalis Swertia albomarginata Swertia utahensis Sisyrinchium demissum Marrubium vulgare Mentha spicata Astragalus amphioxys vespertinus Astragalus ceramicus ceramicus Astragalus praelongus Glycyrrhiza lepidota Medicago sativa Melilotus offi Peteria thompsoniae Androstephium brevifl Calochortus fl Mentzelia integra Mentzelia multifl Althaea rosea praelongus Lepidium montanum jonesii Lepidium montanum stellae Nasturtium offi Stanleya pinnata Cucurbita foetidissima Chamaesyce albomarginata Chamaesyce fendleri Corydalis aurea rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Gentianaceae Gentianaceae Iridaceae Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Liliaceae (Themidaceae) Liliaceae (Calochortaceae) Loasaceae Loasaceae Malvaceae Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cucurbitaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fumariaceae

52 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Pres May–Jul x owered gilia owered Native Pres May–Aug x showy four-o’clockrough menodoranorthern willow-herb Nativescarlet gaura NativeParia evening primrose Pres Native Rep Native Pres Apr–JulCalifornia evening primrose Pres Jun–Aug Apr–Aug Native Apr–Jun Hist x May–Jul x x x x x Mohave globemallow Nativesmall-leaf globemallowfragrant sand-verbena Native Pres Native Hist Mar–Sep Pres Mar–Oct x Apr–Sep x x x smooth penstemon penstemonPalmer’s Native Native Rep Pres May–Jun May–Aug x x x pale evening primrose broomrapeCooper’s NativeEnglish plantain Prescommon plantain Nativelong-fl Pres May–Julcushion milkwort Intro Introdesert trumpet May–Jul x Rep Pres Native May–Aug Hist May–Aug Native x Pres May–Jun Mar–Oct x x x x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas slender wild buckwheat Nativewater smartweed Prescurly dockcanaigre dock Jun–Octpale larkspur Native Rep Native Intro Jun–Sep Native x Pres Rep Hist Apr–Jun May–Sep Apr–Jun x x x x x comb-leaf cinquefoildesert paintbrushWyoming paintbrush Native Hist Native Native Jun–Aug Pres Pres Jul–Aug Apr–Jun x x x x x

var.

var. pallida var. var. elmeri var. var. var. var. ora ora atum atum Menodora scabra Epilobium ciliatum Gaura coccinea Oenothera caespitosa navajoensis Oenothera californica ambigua Sphaeralcea parvifolia Abronia fragrans Mirabilis multifl Penstemon laevis Penstemon palmeri eglandulosus Sphaeralcea ambigua Oenothera pallida Orobanche ludoviciana Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Ipomopsis longifl Polygala subspinosa Eriogonum infl infl Eriogonum microthecum simpsonii Polygonum amphibium Rumex crispus Rumex hymenosepalus Delphinium andersonii Potentilla gracilis scaposum Castilleja chromosa Castilleja linariifolia rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Oleaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Malvaceae Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Scrophulariaceae Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Malvaceae Species name Common name Nativity Onagraceae Orobanchaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae) Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae

Appendices 53 tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Rep Mar–May x Native Pres Mar–Apr x ower Native Pres Apr–May x Utah penstemonfalse nightshadethick-leaved ground- cherry Native Native Hist Pres Apr–Jun Apr–Jul x x Palmer’s ground-cherryPalmer’s Native Rep May–Oct x cutleaf water-parsnippurple-nerved spring- parsley Native Pres Jun–Sep x prostrate vervainjuniper mistletoeprostrate pigweed Nativegrain amaranth Native Prescushion cryptanth Pres Native May–Sep Pres Jul–Sep Intro Native Jun–Sep Hist Pres Apr–Jul Jun–Oct x x x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Cultivated thick-sepaled cryptanth Nativeslender cryptanth Histredroot cryptanthwingnut cryptanth Apr–Jun Nativewingnut cryptanth Native Hist Native x Histbindweed heliotrope Hist Apr–Jul Native Mar–May x Native Pres Apr–Jul x x Hist Apr–Jul x May–Sep x x x x cupseed stickseedJones’ popcorn-fl yellow beeplant Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Apr–Sep x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas silver orachlambsquarter Native Intro Pres Pres Jun–Sep Jun–Sep Disturbed areas Disturbed areas

var.

var. var.

var. var. var. var. incisa var. Penstemon utahensis Chamaesaracha coronopus Physalis crassifolia Physalis hederifolia palmeri Berula erecta Cymopterus multinervatus Verbena bracteata Verbena Phoradendron juniperinum Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthus hypochondriacus Cryptantha circumscissa Cryptantha crassisepala elachantha Cryptantha gracilis Cryptantha micrantha Cryptantha pterocarya cycloptera Cryptantha pterocarya pterocarya Heliotropium convolvulaceum Lappula occidentalis cupulata Plagiobothrys jonesii Cleome lutea Atriplex argentea argentea Chenopodium album album rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs, cont. Scrophulariaceae Species name Common name Nativity Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) Verbenaceae Viscaceae Annual Forbs Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae

54 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Hist Apr–Jun x ower Native Rep Apr–May x ower Native Pres Jun–Sep x liform desert-dandelion liform Native Pres Apr–Jul x sowthistle desert- dandelion common sunfl prickly lettucetidytipstansyleaf asterfi Intro Pres Native Native Pres Jul–Sep Pres May–Sep Apr–Jul x x x x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Fremont’s goosefootFremont’s narrowleaf goosefoot NativeRussian thistle Pres Native Rep Aug–Oct Jul–Sep Intro x Pres x Jun–Sep x x Disturbed areas Torrey’s seepweedTorrey’s bur ragweed Nativecommon ragweed chaenactisGray’s PresCanadian horseweed Native Jun–Sep NativeArizona blanketfl Native Native Pres Pres Rep Pres Jul–Oct Jul–Oct Jul–Sep Apr–Jun x x x x spiny-leaf sow-thistlecommon sowthistle Introwhite-plume wire lettuce Disturbed areas x Nativegolden crownbeard Intro Pres Presrough cocklebur Rep Native Jul–Oct May–Sep shepherd’s-purse Pres Jul–Octwestern tansymustard Native May–Oct Nativewestern tansymustard Rep Intro x Hist Native Apr–Oct Hist Hist Mar–Aug x Apr–Sep x Mar–Aug x x x x Disturbed areas x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas

var.

var. var.

var. var. var. ssp. var. Malacothrix sonchoides lenticularis Lactuca serriola Layia glandulosa Machaeranthera tanacetifolia Malacothrix glabrata Chenopodium fremontii fremontii Chenopodium leptophyllum Salsola tragus Suaeda torreyana torreyana Ambrosia acanthicarpa Ambrosia artemisiifolia Chaenactis carphoclinia Conyza canadensis Gaillardia arizonica Helianthus annuus Sonchus asper Sonchus oleraceus Stephanomeria exigua encelioides Verbesina exauriculata Xanthium strumarium canadense Capsella bursa-pastoris Descurainia pinnata glabra Descurainia pinnata intermedia glabrata rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyAnnual Forbs, cont. Chenopodiaceae Species name Common name Nativity Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Compositae (Asteraceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)

Appendices 55 tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Hist Mar–Jun x Native Hist Apr–May x ower Intro Hist Apr–Jun ddlemustard Native Hist Mar–Jun x x ax Native Pres Apr–Jun x owered gaura Native Pres May–Aug Disturbed areas ixweed Intro Pres Mar–Aug xareas Disturbed at-sedge Intro Rep Jun–Separeas Disturbed small-fl white-stem evening primrose spectaclepodspreading wallfl Native Pres Apr–Sep x western tansymustard Nativefl Pres Mar–Aug x x ridge-seeded spurgeprostrate spurgestork’s-bill Nativecorrugate phacelia Pres Introcrenulate phacelia Jun–Aug Native PresIves’ phacelia Hist Intro x pretty Goodding’s Native May–Sepphacelia May–Jun Pres Pres May–Jun Feb–Oct x Native Pres x x Disturbed areas Apr–Jun x Disturbed areas x x Disturbed areas prairie pepperwortclasping pepperwort Nativetumble mustardlong-beak fi Intro Hist Hist May–Jul Intro May–Jul x Pres May–Aug x Disturbed areas x Disturbed areas white-stem blazingstarcommon mallow Native camissoniaslender-pod Pres camissoniaParry’s Nativetiny camissonia Intro Apr–Aug Pres Native Pres x Apr–Jun Hist Native Apr–Oct x Hist May–Jun May–Jun x x x Disturbed areas dwarf lupinewhite sweetcloverbroomfl Intro Native Rep Hist May–Oct Apr–Jul x x x x Disturbed areas

var.

var. pusillus var. var. var. var. orum ora sp. fl Oenothera albicaulis Dithyrea wislizeni Erysimum repandum Descurainia pinnata osmiarum Descurainia sophia Chamaesyce glyptosperma Chamaesyce prostrata Erodium cicutarium Phacelia crenulata Phacelia crenulata Phacelia ivesiana Phacelia pulchella gooddingii corrugata crenulata Lepidium densifl ramosum Lepidium perfoliatum Sisymbrium altissimum Streptanthella longirostris Cyperus Lupinus pusillus Mentzelia albicaulis Malva neglecta Camissonia chamaenerioides Camissonia parryi Camissonia parvula Gaura parvifl Melilotus alba Linum aristatum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Onagraceae Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyAnnual Forbs, cont. Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) Cyperaceae Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Loasaceae Malvaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Linaceae

56 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status Native Hist Apr–Oct x ower Native Hist Mar–Jul x ower bird’s-beak ower Native Pres Aug–Sep x early evening primrose Nativepygmy golden-poppyMohave eriastrum Rep Nativeshy gilia Mar–Maycommon gilia Pres Native x spreading gilia Fab–May HistMohave langloisia spinefl Thurber’s x Apr–Jun Native Nativenodding wild buckwheat Hist Native Native Native Presskeletonweed wild Hist Hist Hist May–Junbuckwheat Apr–Jul Mar–May Apr–Jun Apr–Oct x Sandy soil x x x x x x x angel’s trumpetangel’s desert tobaccoground-cherry nightshade Intropuncturevine Native Rep Native PresNebraska sedgeblackcreeper sedge May–Oct Hist Apr–Oct spikerushParish’s Introthree-square bulrush Mar–Oct Native Native Prescrested wheatgrass Pres Pres x Native Nativeredtop May–Sep Pres Pres May–Augpurple three-awn Introsideoats grama May–Aug Apr–Sep x Rep Disturbed areas Native Disturbed areas Jun–Aug Pres Native Intro Rep Mar–Sep x x Pres Disturbed areas Jul–Sep x x x Jun–Sep x x x Cultivated Disturbed areas x Palmer’s wild buckwheatPalmer’s Nativeyard knotweedcommon purslane Pressmallfl Mar–Oct Intro Intro Pres Pres May–Oct Jun–Sep x x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas

var. var.

ora orus var. var. exum Oenothera primiveris bufonus Eschscholzia minutifl Eriastrum eremicum Gilia inconspicua Gilia leptomeria leptomeria Ipomopsis polycladon Langloisia setosissima Centrostegia thurberi Eriogonum cernuum cernuum Eriogonum defl Datura wrightii Nicotiana trigonophylla Solanum sarrachoides terrestris Tribulus Carex nebrascensis Carex praegracilis Eleocharis parishii Scirpus pungens longispicatus Agropyron cristatum Agrostis stolonifera Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Eriogonum palmerianum Polygonum aviculare Portulaca oleracea Cordylanthus parvifl rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Appendix D. Confi FamilyAnnual Forbs, cont. Onagraceae Species name Common name Nativity Papaveraceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Zygophyllaceae Perennial Graminoids Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Scrophulariaceae

Appendices 57 tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status uffgrass Native Rep Apr–Aug x x tall fescuegalletafoxtail barleyscratchgrassbush muhlymuttongrass IntroKentucky bluegrass Native Repwater polypogon Native Rep Nativealkali sacaton Pres Intro Native May–Jul Pres Jun–Aug Nativespike dropseed Intro Pres May–Aug Rep Jul–Augsand dropseed Repmesa dropseed Jul–Oct x Rep May–Aug Native May–Augneedle-and-thread Native Rep Jul–AugIndian ricegrass x x x x Nativedesert needlegrass Pres Jun–Aug Native NativeBaltic rush x Pres Jun–Sep rush x Tracy’s Pres Pres x Native Native Jun–Aug x rush May–JulTorrey’s Jun–Sep x Pres Pres x x x May–Jul Apr–Jun x x Native x x Native Disturbed areas Pres x x Hist Native x x May–Jul Pres Jun–Aug x x Jun–Aug x x x smooth bromedesert saltgrasstall wheatgrasssquirreltail Introintermediate wheatgrass Native Introwestern wheatgrass Rep Introslender wheatgrass Rep Repfl Native Jun–Aug Rep Jun–Sep Native Jun–Aug Native Rep Jun–Aug Rep Hist Jun–Aug May–Aug Jun–Aug x x x x x x Disturbed areas x black gramablue grama Native Native Pres Pres Jun–Aug Jul–Sep x x x

var. inermis var. comata var. var. exuosus Festuca arundinacea Hilaria jamesii Hordeum jubatum Muhlenbergia asperifolia Muhlenbergia porteri Poa fendleriana Poa pratensis Polypogon semiverticillatus Sporobolus airoides airoides Sporobolus contractus Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus fl Stipa comata Stipa hymenoides Stipa speciosa Juncus arcticus Juncus ensifolius brunnescens Juncus torreyi Distichlis spicata Elymus elongatus Elymus elymoides Elymus hispidus Elymus smithii Elymus trachycaulus Erioneuron pulchellum Bouteloua eriopoda Bouteloua gracilis Bromus inermis rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Graminoids, cont. Gramineae (Poaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae)

58 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument tes, cont. Wet Comments Pin Jun DesSh Flower time Park status eld sandbur Native Rep Jul–Sep x Disturbed areas barnyardgrassstinkgrassMexican lovegrasstufted lovegrassrabbit barley Intro Introfalse buffalograss Reprabbitsfootgrass Intro Native Rep Aug–Sep Pres Native Rep Intro Jul–Oct Pres Intro Jul–Aug Jul–Sep Pres Jun–Sep Pres May–Jul Jun–Aug x x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas x Disturbed areas Disturbed areas sixweeks gramaripgut bromered bromecheatgrass Nativefi Pres Intro Aug–Oct Pres Intro Intro x Apr–Jun Pres Pres Mar–Jun x May–Jul x x x x Disturbed areas x Disturbed areas Echinochloa crus-galli Eragrostis cilianensis Eragrostis mexicana Eragrostis pectinacea Hordeum murinum Munroa squarrosa Polypogon monspeliensis Bouteloua barbata Bromus diandrus Bromus rubens Bromus tectorum Cenchrus longispinus rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Pipe Spring National Monument organized by life form common name with ecological no Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyAnnual Graminoids Gramineae (Poaceae) Species name Common name Nativity Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae) Gramineae (Poaceae)

Appendices 59 60 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Pipe Spring National Monument The Department of the Interior protects and manages the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientifi c and other information about those resources; and honors its special responsibilities to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affi liated Island Communities.

NPS D-222, October 2008 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

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