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Lava Beds Vegetation Classification National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Classification and Mapping Lava Beds National Monument Natural Resource Report NPS/LABE/NRR—2015/1098 ON THIS PAGE Rubber Rabbitbrush Shrubland (Ericameria nauseosa Shrubland) in the foreground. Mountain Big Sagebrush - Antelope Bitterbrush / Bluebunch Wheatgrass Shrubland (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana - Purshia tridentata / Pseudoroegneria spicata Shrubland) and Western Juniper / Mountain Big Sagebrush Woodland (Juniperus occidentalis / Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana Woodland) are in the midground. Mt. Shasta is off in the distance. ON THE COVER View from Schonchin Butte looking north to the Tule Lake Basin. Mountain Big Sagebrush - Antelope Bitterbrush / Bluebunch Wheatgrass Shrubland (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana - Purshia tridentata / Pseudoroegneria spicata Shrubland) and Western Juniper / Curl-leaf Mountain-mahogany / Bluebunch Wheatgrass Woodland (Juniperus occidentalis / Cercocarpus ledifolius / Pseudoroegneria spicata Woodland) are in the foreground and midground. Photo courtesy of Lava Beds National Monument. Vegetation Classification and Mapping Lava Beds National Monument Natural Resource Report NPS/LABE/NRR—2015/1098 Dominic A. DiPaolo1, Sean B. Smith2, Dennis C. Odion1, Jace H. Ives1, and Daniel A. Sarr2, 3 1Southern Oregon University 1250 Siskiyou Blvd. Ashland, OR 97520 2National Park Service Klamath Network Inventory and Monitoring Program 1250 Siskiyou Blvd. Ashland, OR 97520 3This report is dedicated to Daniel A. Sarr (1964-2015). Daniel was the first Klamath Network Inventory and Monitoring Program Manager. He served in this capacity for 13 years and one of his many contributions was initiating vegetation inventories for park units in the Klamath Network. December 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Klamath Inventory and Monitoring Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/klmn/index.cfm), and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: DiPaolo, D. A., S. B. Smith, D. C. Odion, J. H. Ives, and D. A. Sarr. 2015. Vegetation classification and mapping: Lava Beds National Monument. Natural Resource Report NPS/LABE/NRR— 2015/1098. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 147/130836, December 2015 ii Contents Page Figures.................................................................................................................................................... v Tables ..................................................................................................................................................... v Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ vi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. vii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background (National Mapping and Data Protocols) .............................................................. 1 1.2 NPS Natural Resource Challenge and the Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program .......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Klamath Network ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Lava Beds National Monument ................................................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Location and Setting ......................................................................................................... 4 1.4.2 Geological and Environmental History ............................................................................ 6 1.4.3 Current Climate .............................................................................................................. 10 1.4.4 Vegetation and Flora ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4.5 Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 14 1.4.6 Natural Resource Concerns ............................................................................................ 15 1.5 Lava Beds National Monument Vegetation Inventory Project .............................................. 19 1.6 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................ 20 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.1 Planning, Data Gathering and Coordination .......................................................................... 21 2.2 Field Surveys .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Vegetation Classification ........................................................................................................ 25 2.4 Assessing Existing Vegetation Data ....................................................................................... 26 2.5 Digital Imagery and Interpretation ......................................................................................... 26 2.6 Accuracy Assessment ............................................................................................................. 28 3 Results ............................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1 Vegetation Classification ........................................................................................................ 33 iii Contents (continued) Page 3.2 Digital Imagery and Interpretation ......................................................................................... 38 3.2.1 Vegetation Map .............................................................................................................. 38 3.3 Accuracy Assessment ............................................................................................................. 42 4 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Vegetation Classification ........................................................................................................ 45 4.2 Accuracy Assessment ............................................................................................................. 46 4.3 Natural Resource Concerns .................................................................................................... 46 4.3.1 Bunchgrasses .................................................................................................................. 46 4.3.2 Invasive Non-Native Species ......................................................................................... 47 4.3.3 Wildlife Habitat .............................................................................................................
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