Los Poemas Lonccos Evidences of Language Contact in Arequipa
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Enhanced Input in LCTL Pedagogy
Enhanced Input in LCTL Pedagogy Marilyn S. Manley Rowan University Abstract Language materials for the more-commonly-taught languages (MCTLs) often include visual input enhancement (Sharwood Smith 1991, 1993) which makes use of typographical cues like bolding and underlining to enhance the saliency of targeted forms. For a variety of reasons, this paper argues that the use of enhanced input, both visual and oral, is especially important as a tool for the less- commonly-taught languages (LCTLs). As there continues to be a scarcity of teaching resources for the LCTLs, individual teachers must take it upon themselves to incorporate enhanced input into their own self-made materials. Specific examples of how to incorpo- rate both visual and oral enhanced input into language teaching are drawn from the author’s own experiences teaching Cuzco Quechua. Additionally, survey results are presented from the author’s Fall 2010 semester Cuzco Quechua language students, supporting the use of both visual and oral enhanced input. Introduction Sharwood Smith’s input enhancement hypothesis (1991, 1993) responds to why it is that L2 learners often seem to ignore tar- get language norms present in the linguistic input they have received, resulting in non-target-like output. According to Sharwood Smith (1991, 1993), these learners may not be noticing, and therefore not consequently learning, particular target language forms due to the fact that they lack perceptual salience in the linguistic input. Therefore, in order to stimulate the intake of form as well as meaning, Sharwood Smith (1991, 1993) proposes improving the quality of language input through input enhancement, involving increasing the saliency of lin- guistic features for both visual input (ex. -
New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions. -
Text Segmentation by Language Using Minimum Description Length
Text Segmentation by Language Using Minimum Description Length Hiroshi Yamaguchi Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii Graduate School of Faculty and Graduate School of Information Information Science and Technology, Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo Kyushu University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract addressed in this paper is rare. The most similar The problem addressed in this paper is to seg- previous work that we know of comes from two ment a given multilingual document into seg- sources and can be summarized as follows. First, ments for each language and then identify the (Teahan, 2000) attempted to segment multilingual language of each segment. The problem was texts by using text segmentation methods used for motivated by an attempt to collect a large non-segmented languages. For this purpose, he used amount of linguistic data for non-major lan- a gold standard of multilingual texts annotated by guages from the web. The problem is formu- lated in terms of obtaining the minimum de- borders and languages. This segmentation approach scription length of a text, and the proposed so- is similar to that of word segmentation for non- lution finds the segments and their languages segmented texts, and he tested it on six different through dynamic programming. Empirical re- European languages. Although the problem set- sults demonstrating the potential of this ap- ting is similar to ours, the formulation and solution proach are presented for experiments using are different, particularly in that our method uses texts taken from the Universal Declaration of only a monolingual gold standard, not a multilin- Human Rights and Wikipedia, covering more than 200 languages. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
Translation Policy and Indigenous Languages in Hispanic Latin America
Howard R, Pedro Ricoy R de, Andrade L. Translation policy and indigenous languages in Hispanic Latin America. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, 251, 19-36. Copyright: This is the final published version of an article that has been published De Gruyter, 2018 DOI link to article: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0002 Date deposited: 20/04/2018 Embargo release date: 12 April 2019 Newcastle University ePrints - eprint.ncl.ac.uk IJSL 2018; 251: 19–36 Rosaleen Howard*, Raquel De Pedro Ricoy and Luis Andrade Ciudad Translation policy and indigenous languages in Hispanic Latin America https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0002 Abstract: This article examines the status of translation policy as it relates to public service interfaces between the dominant Spanish-speaking sectors of society and speakers of some of the many indigenous languages of Latin America. The article focuses on Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Peru is used as a case study based on recent first-hand research. Translation policy is inherently bound up with language policy, where the latter exists. However, there is variation from state to state as to whether language rights legislation has been passed, whether it is implemented through policy, and the extent to which translation policy is part of the legislative framework. The case of Peru illustrates the need for translation and interpreting (T&I) services following conflicts and painful human rights infringements. Across the board, T&I have hitherto been ad hoc practices, giving rise to translation policy de facto. Formalized T&I training initiatives and legislative processes are now underway in Peru, and may give rise to explicit translation policies evolving there and elsewhere in the region in the future. -
The Linguistic Debate in Chile: Ideologies and Representations of Languages and Multilingual Practices in the National Online News
The linguistic debate in Chile: ideologies and representations of languages and multilingual practices in the national online news HANNA SLIASHYNSKAYA Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Newcastle University School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences July 2019 ii Abstract Linguistic ideologies, or beliefs about languages and their use, are key to dynamics and changes in language choice, language minorisation and death. Linguistic ideologies, especially those of monolingualism, have long been part of nation-states’ policies (Shohamy, 2006; Fairclough, 2015) despite the prevalence of multilingualism in social domains (Meyerhoff, 2008). Chile, the context of this research project, is a multilingual country with a surprisingly limited amount of language legislation (Leclerc, 2015) most of which focuses on governmental plans to make Chile bilingual by 2030 (Minsegpres, Mineduc and Minec, 2014) and the foreign language education in schools, namely, the teaching of English, the only foreign language taught in public schools since 2010. At the same time, the use of indigenous languages is not regulated, and Spanish is the de facto official language. In view of such laissez-faire regulations of Chile’s linguistic setting, it is crucial to explore public domains beyond language policy to explain the ongoing minoritisation of indigenous languages and the growth of the dominant languages. Thus, this thesis examines how dominant and minoritised languages are represented in popular national online newspapers. The collected data includes 8877 news articles published in ten most widely-read Chilean online newspapers between 2010 and 2016 and containing references to Chile’s local (Mapudungún, Rapa Nui, Aimara, Quechua, Yámana, Huilliche, Qawasqar, Kunza and Spanish) and foreign languages (English), as well as variously labelled multilingual practices, such as bilingualism and multilingualism. -
Arxiv:1806.04291V1 [Cs.CL] 12 Jun 2018 Hnwrigo Hsfil.Sneidgnu Agae R Di Are Languages Indigenous Since P We field
Challenges of language technologies for the indigenous languages of the Americas Manuel Mager Ximena Gutierrez-Vasques Instituto de Investigaciones en Matem´aticas GIL IINGEN Aplicadas y en Sistemas Universidad Nacional Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico Aut´onoma de M´exico [email protected] [email protected] Gerardo Sierra Ivan Meza GIL IINGEN Instituto de Investigaciones en Matem´aticas Universidad Nacional Aplicadas y en Sistemas Aut´onoma de M´exico Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Indigenous languages of the American continent are highly diverse. However, they have received little attention from the technological perspective. In this paper, we review the research, the dig- ital resources and the available NLP systems that focus on these languages. We present the main challenges and research questions that arise when distant languages and low-resource scenarios are faced. We would like to encourage NLP research in linguistically rich and diverse areas like the Americas. Title and Abstract in Nahuatl Masehualtlahtoltecnologias ipan Americatlalli In nepapan Americatlalli imacehualtlahtol, inin tlahtolli ahmo quinpiah miac tlahtoltecnolog´ıas (“tecnolog´ıas del lenguaje”). Ipan inin amatl, tictemoah nochin macehualtlahtoltin intequiuh, nochin recursos digitales ihuan nochin tlahtoltecnolog´ıas in ye mochiuhqueh. Cequintin problemas monextiah ihcuac tlahtolli quinpiah tepitzin recursos kenin amoxtli, niman, ohuic quinchihuaz tecnolog´ıa ihuan ohuic quinchihuaz macehualtlahtolmatiliztli. Cenca importante in ocachi ticchihuilizqueh tlahtoltecnolog´ıas macehualtlahtolli, niman tipalehuilizqueh ahmo mopolozqueh inin tlahtolli. 1 Introduction The American continent is linguistically diverse, it comprises many indigenous languages that are nowa- days spoken from North to South America. -
The Impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America (Abya Yala)
PROJECT DOCUMENTS The impact of COVID-19 on indigenous peoples in Latin America (Abya Yala) Between invisibility and collective resistance Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps Project Documents The impact of COVID-19 on indigenous peoples in Latin America (Abya Yala) Between invisibility and collective resistance This document was prepared by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), jointly with the regional offices of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women); the International Labour Organization (ILO); the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO); the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean (FILAC), within the framework of the activities of the Regional Interagency Group on Indigenous Peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean (GIRPI). This document was prepared thanks to contributions from Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) of Germany. The boundaries and names shown -
Studies in South American Native Languages. by Daniel G. Brinton
1892.] 45 [Brlnloiv Studies in South American Native Languages. By Daniel G. Brinton, M.D. {Read before the American Philosophical Society, February 5,1892.) INTRODUCTORY. It is not too much to say that the languages of the native tribes of South America are the least known of any on the globe. The problems they present in their grammatical character and affinities remain the furthest from solution, and the materials to undertake such a task are the scantiest from any equal area on the earth's surface. In spite of the labors of such earnest workers as Von den Steinen, Ehrenreich, Adam, Ernst, Darapsky, Middendorff and others, there are numerous tongues of which we know absolutely nothing, or have but bare and imperfect vocabularies. In the present series of studies I present a variety of material from either unpublished or rare works, accompanied by such sug- gestions as to its character and relations as have occurred to me in its preparation, and by some observations on the ethnography of the tribes mentioned. As I am convinced that the only ethno- graphic classification possible of the native tribes of America is that based on language, I do not hesitate to apply this whenever possible. I. THE TACANA GROUP. In my work on The American Race?' I offered the following classification of this group: TACANA LINGUISTIC STOCK. Araonas, Isuiamas, Pukapakaris, Tumupasas, Atenes, Lecos, Sapiboconas, Tuyumiris. Cavinas, Maracanis, Tacanas, Equaris, Maropas, Toromonas, From this list we must strike out the Atenes or Atenianos and Lecos, as I shall show that these spoke a tongue nowise akin to the * The American Race: A Linguistic Classification and Ethnographic Description of the Native Tribes 0/ North and South America. -
On the External Relations of Purepecha: an Investigation Into Classification, Contact and Patterns of Word Formation Kate Bellamy
On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Kate Bellamy To cite this version: Kate Bellamy. On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation. Linguistics. Leiden University, 2018. English. tel-03280941 HAL Id: tel-03280941 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03280941 Submitted on 7 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/61624 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bellamy, K.R. Title: On the external relations of Purepecha : an investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Issue Date: 2018-04-26 On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Published by LOT Telephone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht Email: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Kate Bellamy. ISBN: 978-94-6093-282-3 NUR 616 Copyright © 2018: Kate Bellamy. All rights reserved. On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation PROEFSCHRIFT te verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. -
Kalt 2015 Proof Temp
Quechua Expressions of Stance and Deixis Edited by Marilyn S. Manley and Antje Muntendam !"#!$ | %&'(&$ !"#!!$%&'()*+&',+%-'.)',&/$012!',,+++< 143543617+++896593=+;% This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, )*+ , Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ),,- ./01-22/3 ),4- 50/-53 -36 -7/521-0 (hardback) ),4- 50/-53 -36 -753.3-2 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill $8 , Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill $8 incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijho 9f, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill $8 provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, :; 01923, <'; . Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. !"#!!$%&'()*+&',+%-'.)',&/$012!',,+++> 143543617+++896593=+;% Contents List of Tables and Figures ?) Notes on Contributors @ 1 Introduction 1 Marilyn S. Manley, Antje Muntendam and Susan E. Kalt 2 Pointing in Space and Time: Deixis and Directional Movement in Schoolchildren’s Quechua 25 Susan E. Kalt 3 Demonstrative Deixis in Two Dialects of Amazonian Quichua 75 Janis Nuckolls, Tod Swanson and Belinda Ramirez Spencer 4 Child Acquisition of Quechua Evidentiality and Deictic Meaning 101 Ellen H. -
EL SONIDO DE LA LUZ /Fj *,L-Qgj
t tU7Q£ - ~W'6N£ I { (d (J7fIfI·); (~ MARTiNEZ, G., Vila mesa ritual ell Sucre. La Paz, Hisbol, 1987. MEISCH, L.. "Spinning in Bolivia". Spin Off, 1986, Vol X. n° I. ..' jI1'I7l'bllCif eN1(o, IhJr. (m)lL -1R:A, 4rY!'1; InJ MOLINA, R. & BARRAGAN, R., De los senorlos a las comunidades: Hlslona EtnIca de IDS Quillacas. La Paz, 1987, ms. EL SONIDO DE LA LUZ *,l-Qgj MURRA, 1., Formaciones econc/micas y politicas del mUlldo alldillo. LIma. Inslilulo de 1 /fJ Estudios Peruanos, 1975. COMUNICACION EMERGENTE EN UN MURRA, J., La orgalliz.aci6n econ6mica del estado Inca. Mexico, Siglo Vemtlllno, 3da. Edici6n, 1980. .' DIALOGO CHAMANICO QUECHUA J pARSSINNEN, M., Tawantinsuyu. The Inca state and Its polwccd orgonl.l'OtllJ!1. Helsinki, SHS, 1992. PLATI, T., Espejos y matz.. Temas de 10 estructura sim/J6lica andina. La Paz, Cipca, 1976. (Cuadernos de Investigacion, n° 10). .' . PLATT, T., "Entre Ch'axwa y Muxsa. Para una historia del pensa~lento pohliCO Aymara", en Tres rejlexiones sabre el pensamiento andino. La Paz, Hlsbol, 19X7. RASNAKE, R., Autoridad Y poder en Los Andes. Los Kuraqkuna de Yum. La Paz, Hishol, 19X9. XV Y SAIGNES, T., En IW.I'cadel poblamiento etnico de 10.1' Andes bolivianos. (Slglo,l' XVI). La Paz, MUSEF, 1986. (Avances de Investigaci6n n° 3). SILVERMAN- P., G., "Cuatro Motivos Inti de Q'ero". Boletin de Lima, n° 43, aiio 8, Se vuelve cada vezmas arduo interpretar los testimonios orales andinos aislados de un amplip abanico de tecnicas de memoria visual. que a la vez presuponen e Enero, 1986.