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THE C ONFEDERATE NAVAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER Issue Number Two — October 1989

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THE C ONFEDERATE NAVAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER Issue Number Two — October 1989 THE C ONFEDERATE NAVAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER Issue Number Two — October 1989 C.S.S. Alabama Accord Signed By France And facts will take many years and many millions of dollars, much The United States — Opens Avenues For U.S., of which needs to be raised be- French, And British Cooperation fore further work can be done. Either haste or personal/regional On October 3rd, at 5:30 P.M. work on the ship. disagreements as to the specific France signed an agreement with Who is going to appoint the disposition of the ship's artifacts the U.S. concerning the rights and committee members is not cov- could spell disaster to this agree- handling procedures governing the ered, nor is the recognition of U.S. ment and its subsequent projects. wreck of the C.S.S. Alabama off title to the wreck or its artifacts The heritage wrapped up in the Cherbourg. In the agreement, actually spelled out. However, an C.S.S. Alabama belongs to the France retains its right to maintain accompanying State Department peoples of all three nations con- a "zone of protection" around the release claims that such title has cerned and not to any one indi- site, which lies near its most im- been recognized by the French vidual or group therein. Thus it portant submarine base. In addi- and that the committee will be set behooves all interested parties in tion, the French government will up in the next three months. the matter to act with this pur- pose in mind in future develop- ment so that the interests of the ship herself and those of the pub- lic at large be properly served. Captain Raphael Semmes pre- ferred that she sink before being taken as a prize — it is hoped his efforts will not be proved in vain. We expect there will be many more positive and tangible devel- opments to report on this subject by the time of the publication of our next newsletter, so stay tuned... InThisIssue: CSN Historical Impact, New CNM Direetor........2 C.S.S. Alabama in print based on Gehagen plan rendering Ironclad Da(ahase..........3 handle all authorizations for work Furthermore, the agreement can C.S.S. Florida .4 on the wreck. Each country will be cancelled by either party on Ironclad Video, have the right to one observer on three months' notice, so the future C.S.SSkemndoah, C.W. the site and there is to be a "scien- of the Alabama is by no means Naval Chronology..........6 tific committee" made up of two resolved. The careful cooperation Low Uniform & Pennant, government representatives from of all concerned parties in the each side and assorted experts to U.S., France, and England will be M.F. Maury House determine what measures will be required to bring any long-range Threatened...............,,....? taken. The same committee will development of the project to frui- Research Queries...........^ also authorize and determine what tion. Proper excavation of the part Britain will play in future wreck and conservation of its arti- EDITORIAL: CNHS Board Mem- The Surprising (To Some) Historical Impact ber Kevin Foster To Of The Confederate Navy... Be New Director Of One of the pleasant responsi- Along the same lines, the con- Confederate Naval bilities of a Board member of the cept of the submarine had been CNHS is speaking to various around since the 1600's, but none Museum in Georgia groups about the Confederate was used successfully in warfare CNHS Vice-President Kevin Navy — what it stood for, how it until the CS.S. Hunley destroyed Foster has been appointed Acting was organized, its accomplish- the V.S.S. Housatonic, awaken- Director of the Confederate Na- ments, and particularly its dispro- ing the world to the new reality val Museum in Columbus, Geor- portionate impact upon subse- that what lurked beneath the gia, to replace Bob Holcombe quent naval history. waves could be far more deadly who has stepped down to contin- The latter is what usually than what floated upon them. ue his degree program at East draws a laugh at first — after all, Outside of technical innova- Carolina University. Mr. Hol- what possible impact could a tions, the CSN also seized a stra- combe is expected to return as tiny, underbudgeted and under- tegic window that had just curator of the museum at a later armed 6,000-man navy with a opened in the worldwide destruc- date with Mr. Foster retaining the brief life of only four years have tion of an enemy's merchant fleet post of director, perhaps within upon the vast seagoing armed by naval commerce raiders. the next year or so. forces of the major world pow- Thanks to the oceanographic Mr. Foster will have the chal- ers? The answers are multiple, charts researched by M.F.Maury lenge of spearheading a $10 mil- and to some surprising. First, (who later invented the electric lion development project, the there is the technical end. Dur- mine for the CSN), the world's goal of which will be relocation ing a period of rapid develop- sail-powered shipping during the to a newly-chosen riverside mu- ment of naval technology, the 1850's had concentrated itself seum site and greatly expanded CSN was the first to decide to into narrow sea lanes vulnerable facilities, programs, and exhibits. jump headfirst into ironclads as to attack by fast, steam-powered A formal reception will be the bulwark of the fleet. While cruisers that could destroy help- held at the museum to celebrate other navies, including the U.S., less merchantmen, yet outmaneu- the new appointment, coinciding were undecided as to their value ver more heavily armed naval with the next CNHS Board Of (which seems obvious to us in vessels sent to catch them. This Directors Meeting in Columbus hindsight today), Mallory's com- uniquely successful strategy did on the weekend of November 10- mitment was unequivocal, fol- not fall on deaf ears, but pres-^ 11. lowing his own previous advice aged the rise of the commerce The CNHS congratulates Mr. as U.S. Senate Chairman of the raider in both World Wars as Foster on his new position and Committee on Naval Affairs. well as the pocket battleship. looks forward to future coopera- Before the War was over, it was Of all the world powers that tive projects with the Confeder- clear that the ironclad was the noted the Confederate example, ate Naval Museum. wave of the future worldwide. Germany probably derived the Similarly, there had been vari- most from Mallory's desperate This newsletter is published quarterly by ous experiments made with fixed strategies ~ probably because The Confederate Naval Historical Society, underwater torpedoes (mines) in Germany shared many of the Inc., the non-profit corporation for the pres- ervation of the maritime history of the Con- various countries, but it was the Confederacy's naval limitations, federacy, for distribution to its Associates. CSN that not only rapidly accel- having to rely on a small, moti- All material ©copyright 1989 by The Con- erated their development, includ- vated, high-yield navy based by federate Naval Historical Society, Inc. As- ing the electric mine, but formu- necessity on quality, not quantity. sociate membership in the CNHS is availa- lated their use as a primary form It is worthy of note that Raphael ble at the following ranks: Lieutenant ($20), of strategic defense system in riv- Semmes's Service Afloat was Captain ($50), Commodore ($1000+), and ers and harbors nationwide. This made required reading for all of- Rear Admiral ($10,000+). All associates re- development, ignored by the ficers, level captain and above, in ceive a 15"xl8" CSN Commission for their North until the extreme toll by the German navy. ranks, Cpt. and above receive special presen- mine warfare made itself evident, The CSN was a navy driven by tations commensurate with their stations. was quickly adopted as a primary necessity, in whose wake many All contributions are tax deductible. CNHS, 710 Ocran Road, White Stone, VA home defense strategy by all the were to follow, more than most 22578, U.S.A. Phone: (804) 435-0014. world powers. remember...— John Townley Editor: JohnTownley. The Confederate Naval Historical Society ~ 2 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 Where They Lie: U.S. Naval Historical Society Begins Civil War Data- base — Locations And Conditions Of Ironclads Are First Listings In Continuing Project The U.S. Naval Historical Center has recently begun a data base of the location and condition of Civil War wrecks, beginning with the ironclads, under the direction of Capt. M.D. Roberts, MSC, USNR-R. The fol- lowing list has been compiled so far, and those wishing to add further information should contact him at the U.S. Naval Historical Center, Historical Research Branch, Bldg. 57, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, B.C. 20374. This is a major project and one which could result in the rescue of many ships and the retrieval of much invaluable historical information. Our congratulations on this excellent undertaking! NAME OF VESSEL RECENT SITE OF SINKING CONDITION SURVEY CSS Richmond No Chapin's Bluff Unknown, unverified 30% remaining CSS Fredericksburg 1871 Drewry's Bluff Unknown, buried, unverified 100% intact CSS Virginia II 1871 Drewry's Bluff Unknown, buried, unverified 100% intact CSS Virginia I 1980 Craney Island Salvaged, large pieces may remain USS Monitor 1985 Hatteras, NC Poor, badly deteriorated CSS Neuse Raised Kinston, NC 70% hull, no deck/casemate CSS North Carolina Yes Smithfield, NC Possibly intact, stripped during Civil War CSS Raleigh Yes Cape Fear, NC Broken up in 1870 by Corps of Engineers CSS Chicora No Charleston, SC Removed at end of Civil War, pieces left CSS Palmetto State No Charleston,
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