THE C ONFEDERATE NAVAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER Issue Number Two — October 1989

C.S.S. Alabama Accord Signed By France And facts will take many years and many millions of dollars, much The United States — Opens Avenues For U.S., of which needs to be raised be- French, And British Cooperation fore further work can be done. Either haste or personal/regional On October 3rd, at 5:30 P.M. work on the ship. disagreements as to the specific France signed an agreement with Who is going to appoint the disposition of the ship's artifacts the U.S. concerning the rights and committee members is not cov- could spell disaster to this agree- handling procedures governing the ered, nor is the recognition of U.S. ment and its subsequent projects. wreck of the C.S.S. Alabama off title to the wreck or its artifacts The heritage wrapped up in the Cherbourg. In the agreement, actually spelled out. However, an C.S.S. Alabama belongs to the France retains its right to maintain accompanying State Department peoples of all three nations con- a "zone of protection" around the release claims that such title has cerned and not to any one indi- site, which lies near its most im- been recognized by the French vidual or group therein. Thus it portant submarine base. In addi- and that the committee will be set behooves all interested parties in tion, the French government will up in the next three months. the matter to act with this pur- pose in mind in future develop- ment so that the interests of the ship herself and those of the pub- lic at large be properly served. Captain Raphael Semmes pre- ferred that she sink before being taken as a prize — it is hoped his efforts will not be proved in vain. We expect there will be many more positive and tangible devel- opments to report on this subject by the time of the publication of our next newsletter, so stay tuned... InThisIssue: CSN Historical Impact, New CNM Direetor...... 2 C.S.S. Alabama in print based on Gehagen plan rendering Ironclad Da(ahase...... 3 handle all authorizations for work Furthermore, the agreement can C.S.S. Florida .4 on the wreck. Each country will be cancelled by either party on Ironclad Video, have the right to one observer on three months' notice, so the future C.S.SSkemndoah, C.W. the site and there is to be a "scien- of the Alabama is by no means Naval Chronology...... 6 tific committee" made up of two resolved. The careful cooperation Low Uniform & Pennant, government representatives from of all concerned parties in the each side and assorted experts to U.S., France, and England will be M.F. Maury House determine what measures will be required to bring any long-range Threatened...... ,,....? taken. The same committee will development of the project to frui- Research Queries...... ^ also authorize and determine what tion. Proper excavation of the part Britain will play in future wreck and conservation of its arti- EDITORIAL: CNHS Board Mem- The Surprising (To Some) Historical Impact ber Kevin Foster To Of The Confederate Navy... Be New Director Of One of the pleasant responsi- Along the same lines, the con- Confederate Naval bilities of a Board member of the cept of the submarine had been CNHS is speaking to various around since the 1600's, but none Museum in Georgia groups about the Confederate was used successfully in warfare CNHS Vice-President Kevin Navy — what it stood for, how it until the CS.S. Hunley destroyed Foster has been appointed Acting was organized, its accomplish- the V.S.S. Housatonic, awaken- Director of the Confederate Na- ments, and particularly its dispro- ing the world to the new reality val Museum in Columbus, Geor- portionate impact upon subse- that what lurked beneath the gia, to replace Bob Holcombe quent naval history. waves could be far more deadly who has stepped down to contin- The latter is what usually than what floated upon them. ue his degree program at East draws a laugh at first — after all, Outside of technical innova- Carolina University. Mr. Hol- what possible impact could a tions, the CSN also seized a stra- combe is expected to return as tiny, underbudgeted and under- tegic window that had just curator of the museum at a later armed 6,000-man navy with a opened in the worldwide destruc- date with Mr. Foster retaining the brief life of only four years have tion of an enemy's merchant fleet post of director, perhaps within upon the vast seagoing armed by naval commerce raiders. the next year or so. forces of the major world pow- Thanks to the oceanographic Mr. Foster will have the chal- ers? The answers are multiple, charts researched by M.F.Maury lenge of spearheading a $10 mil- and to some surprising. First, (who later invented the electric lion development project, the there is the technical end. Dur- mine for the CSN), the world's goal of which will be relocation ing a period of rapid develop- sail-powered shipping during the to a newly-chosen riverside mu- ment of naval technology, the 1850's had concentrated itself seum site and greatly expanded CSN was the first to decide to into narrow sea lanes vulnerable facilities, programs, and exhibits. jump headfirst into ironclads as to attack by fast, steam-powered A formal reception will be the bulwark of the fleet. While cruisers that could destroy help- held at the museum to celebrate other navies, including the U.S., less merchantmen, yet outmaneu- the new appointment, coinciding were undecided as to their value ver more heavily armed naval with the next CNHS Board Of (which seems obvious to us in vessels sent to catch them. This Directors Meeting in Columbus hindsight today), Mallory's com- uniquely successful strategy did on the weekend of November 10- mitment was unequivocal, fol- not fall on deaf ears, but pres-^ 11. lowing his own previous advice aged the rise of the commerce The CNHS congratulates Mr. as U.S. Senate Chairman of the raider in both World Wars as Foster on his new position and Committee on Naval Affairs. well as the pocket battleship. looks forward to future coopera- Before the War was over, it was Of all the world powers that tive projects with the Confeder- clear that the ironclad was the noted the Confederate example, ate Naval Museum. wave of the future worldwide. Germany probably derived the Similarly, there had been vari- most from Mallory's desperate This newsletter is published quarterly by ous experiments made with fixed strategies ~ probably because The Confederate Naval Historical Society, underwater torpedoes (mines) in Germany shared many of the Inc., the non-profit corporation for the pres- ervation of the maritime history of the Con- various countries, but it was the Confederacy's naval limitations, federacy, for distribution to its Associates. CSN that not only rapidly accel- having to rely on a small, moti- All material ©copyright 1989 by The Con- erated their development, includ- vated, high-yield navy based by federate Naval Historical Society, Inc. As- ing the electric mine, but formu- necessity on quality, not quantity. sociate membership in the CNHS is availa- lated their use as a primary form It is worthy of note that Raphael ble at the following ranks: Lieutenant ($20), of strategic defense system in riv- Semmes's Service Afloat was Captain ($50), Commodore ($1000+), and ers and harbors nationwide. This made required reading for all of- Rear Admiral ($10,000+). All associates re- development, ignored by the ficers, level captain and above, in ceive a 15"xl8" CSN Commission for their North until the extreme toll by the German navy. ranks, Cpt. and above receive special presen- mine warfare made itself evident, The CSN was a navy driven by tations commensurate with their stations. was quickly adopted as a primary necessity, in whose wake many All contributions are tax deductible. CNHS, 710 Ocran Road, White Stone, VA home defense strategy by all the were to follow, more than most 22578, U.S.A. Phone: (804) 435-0014. world powers. remember...— John Townley Editor: JohnTownley. The Confederate Naval Historical Society ~ 2 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 Where They Lie: U.S. Naval Historical Society Begins Civil War Data- base — Locations And Conditions Of Ironclads Are First Listings In Continuing Project The U.S. Naval Historical Center has recently begun a data base of the location and condition of Civil War wrecks, beginning with the ironclads, under the direction of Capt. M.D. Roberts, MSC, USNR-R. The fol- lowing list has been compiled so far, and those wishing to add further information should contact him at the U.S. Naval Historical Center, Historical Research Branch, Bldg. 57, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, B.C. 20374. This is a major project and one which could result in the rescue of many ships and the retrieval of much invaluable historical information. Our congratulations on this excellent undertaking!

NAME OF VESSEL RECENT SITE OF SINKING CONDITION SURVEY CSS Richmond No Chapin's Bluff Unknown, unverified 30% remaining CSS Fredericksburg 1871 Drewry's Bluff Unknown, buried, unverified 100% intact CSS Virginia II 1871 Drewry's Bluff Unknown, buried, unverified 100% intact CSS Virginia I 1980 Craney Island Salvaged, large pieces may remain USS Monitor 1985 Hatteras, NC Poor, badly deteriorated CSS Neuse Raised Kinston, NC 70% hull, no deck/casemate CSS North Carolina Yes Smithfield, NC Possibly intact, stripped during Civil War CSS Raleigh Yes Cape Fear, NC Broken up in 1870 by Corps of Engineers CSS Chicora No Charleston, SC Removed at end of Civil War, pieces left CSS Palmetto State No Charleston, SC Removed at end of Civil War, pieces left USS Weehauken No Charleston, SC Hull remains, salvaged post-Civil War USS Keokuk No Charleston, SC Hull remains, salvaged post-Civil War USS Patapsco No Charleston, SC Hull remains, salvaged post-Civil War CSS Miltedgeville No Savannah, GA Removed from channel by Corps CSS Savannah No Savannah, GA Generally intact, buried by dredging CSS Georgia Yes Savannah, GA Hull remains, some deck/casemate CSS Jackson Raised Columbus, GA 60% hull, 4 Brooke RB, no machinery USS Tecumseh Yes Mobile, AL 100% intact, some hull deterioration USS Milwaukee No Mobile, AL Not intact, salvaged post-Civil War CSS Phoenix Yes Mobile, AL Burned, hull basically intact CSS Tuscaloosa Yes Mobile, AL 100% intact, hull partially covered CSS Huntsville Yes Mobile, AL 100% intact, hull partially covered CSS Tombigbee #3 No Tombigbee River Burned, hull intact CSS Tombigbee #4 No Tombigbee River Burned, hull intact CSS Louisiana No New Orleans, LA Unknown, possible site location CSS Mississippi No New Orleans, LA Unknown CSS Manassas ? New Orleans, LA Unknown, possible site location USS Eastport No Grand Ecore, AR Burned, portions of hull remain CSS Arkansas No Baton Rouge, LA Unknown, possible site location USS Cairo Raised Vicksburg, MS Essentially intact, damaged USS Baron DeKalb Yes Below Yazoo City Portion of hull remains CSS Tennessee I No Memphis, TN Unknown, believed totally destroyed

Destroyed, No Remains 2 Location/Condition Unknown 4 Location Known/Condition Unknown 8 Location Known/Surveyed 15 Raised, on display 3 Total... ..32

The Confederate Naval Historical Society ~ 3 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 Where They Lie: C.S.S. FLORIDA ..SCUTTLED IN HAMPTON ROADS?

C.S.S. Florida pursues a Union prize in this 1862 painting by Samuel Walters. In the coming issues of the also well-known, though largely immediately struck by yellow fe- newsletter we will be spotlighting forgotten by the people who live ver, and her commander, former various CSN ships and giving an and work only a few hundred blockade-runner John Newland update on their location, condi- yards from her wreck in Newport Maffitt, discovered to his dismay tion, and current circumstances. News, Virginia. that in the process of arming her, We begin with the cruiser The Florida was built in Liv- various pieces of equipment C.S.S. Florida, as this November erpool by the firm of W.C. Miller needed to operate her guns had 28th marks the 125th anniversary and Sons, and was the first of the been forgotten, so she was inca- of her sinking in Hampton Roads. famous British-built cruisers to pable of fighting. With his crew Of the several CSN cruisers go to sea — she left the Mersey dwindling from disease and him- and commerce-raiders, next to on March 22, 1862 and made her self weak from the fever, Maffitt the Alabama, the Florida and way to the Bahamas where she dashed unarmed through the Un- the Shenandoah are probably was armed and then commis- ion blockade at Mobile and suc- the best known. Her location is sioned on August 17. She was cessfully anchored under the The Confederate Naval Historical Society -- 4 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 guns of Fort Morgan on Septem- attempted to ram the unsuspect- But at the end of the diving ber 4th, with serious but repara- ing Florida. Delivering only a season, all permits were perma- ble damage to the ship. glancing blow, he opened fire on nently suspended because the After a long period of repair her with small arms and cannon U.S. Navy laid claim to the and crew-gathering, Maffitt ran and quickly took her and her wreck, alleging it to have been the blockade again on January skeleton crew captive. Hurried- Navy property upon its sinking 16, 1863 and embarked on a ly, he ordered a tow line attached and not to have been abandoned cruise of devastation to Union and towed her out under fire since. Upon this claim, the Navy shipping that rivalled her sister from the forts to the open sea, took possession of all the arti- ship Alabama (which had already unsuccessfully pursued by sever- facts recovered and has been sit- been cruising for nearly six al Brazilian warships when they ting on it ever since, stymying all months and was in fact quite were able to make steam. The attempts by NUMA, VRCA, and nearby in the Gulf, where she Florida was towed into Hamp- UAJC to do further work at the would take on the U.S.S. Hatte- ton Roads, where after an acci- site. ras off Galveston only a few dental collision had put her in a Does the Navy really own the days later). After six months of leaking condition she was even- C.5.5. Florida? Not likely, be- cruising, which resulted in a va- tually anchored only a few hun- cause she was illegally seized. riety of successful catches in- dred yards from where the U.S.S. The illegality of the seizure was cluding the clipper ship Jacob Cumberland's masts protruded openly admitted with due apolo- Bell, valued at $2,000,000, Maf- from the water, victim of the gy in a letter to the Imperial Le- fitt put in at Brest and left the Southern ironclad Virginia. gation of Brazil from U.S. Secre- ship to recover from the residual Despite a watch put aboard her to tary of State William H. Seward and cumulative effects of yellow see she was continually pumped dated December 26, 1864, which fever. There he turned the Flori- out, she suddenly sank abruptly abrogates any legitimate claim da over to Commodore J.N. Bar- and mysteriously. upon the ship the Navy might ney, whose subsequent illness re- This was a happy convenience make. It is likely the Navy was sulted in the ship being put under for the Federal government unaware of this when its claims the command of Lt. C.M. Morris, which, after multiple internation- were made, but nothing so far who took her back out to sea on al protests from Brazil and other has been done to correct the situ- February 10, 1864. nations, had admitted that the ation. On this second cruise, prizes Florida had been illegally seized So if the Navy doesn't own it, were harder to find (most North- and had agreed to send her back who does? Clearly, the General ern shipping having fled to for- to Brazil for subsequent return to Services Administration (GSA), eign flags), and the cause of the the Confederacy. The embarass- as all Confederate government Confederacy was waning abroad ment of such a return was thus property officially devolved upon as well as at home, which made forever forestalled. that agency at the close of the coaling and resupply ports scarc- Since then, the Florida has War - - but that may be even er and more hostile. Finally, she lain forgotten and undisturbed in worse, as GSA has shown little pulled into the neutral port of Ba- her grave until 1980 when novel- interest in involving itself with hia, Brazil, in early September of ist (and CNHS Cpt.) Clive Cuss- marine archaeological matters, 1864, where she found the U.S.S. ler embarked on an attempt to lo- and just finding someone who Wachusett anchored as well. cate the wreck and that of the will take the responsibility of Worried that a confrontation Cumberland not far from her. even discussing it has so far been might occur in their waters, the His non-profit historical organi- impossible. Feelers have also Brazilian government was as- zation the National Underwater been put forward to Newport sured by the U.S. Consul and Marine Agency (NUMA) in con- News and the State of Virginia to Wachusett's Commander Napo- junction with the state archaeo- move on this, as it is also their leon Collins that their neutrality logical agency the Virginia Re- history and retrieval of it would would be respected. search Center For Archaeology be to their joint credit and advan- Accordingly, Morris moved (VRCA) searched for the wrecks tage, but so far, no one is inter- the Florida closer to shore for without success until contracting ested. safety's sake and took the larger archaeologist Sam Margolin's So while nations vie for rights part of her crew ashore on liber- Underwater Archaeological Joint and artifacts of the Alabama, her ty, leaving only a nominal party Ventures (UAJC), which in 1981 older sister lies abandoned and on watch aboard. In the dead of successfully located both wrecks apparently unwanted six fathoms the night, Collins ordered the and retrieved a few sample arti- deep, buried beneath the mud of Wachusett to get underway and facts for identification purposes. the James River.

The Confederate Naval Historical Society ~ 5 — Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 Review: and outright panic felt by many in the North (including Secretary U.S.S. Monitor / C.S.S. Virginia Video Features of War Edwin L. Stanton) upon First-Class Production, Attractive Price hearing news of the Virginia's at- tack on the Union wooden fleet. Also lacking from the program CNHS Capt. Bill Koff sends us etchings, paintings, and photos, is any mapwork, other than a this review — he heads Volun- interspersed with interviews with map printed on the back cover of teers, the newsletter of Civil War a number of historians. the tape box. Current-day views gaming at 146 Chimney Lane, The development of the iron- of the battle site of Hampton Wilmington, NC 28403. clad warship is placed in the Roads, perhaps even including proper historical context by pre- some aerial views of the region, Ironclads: The Monitor and senting images of the European would have enhanced the presen- the Merrimac, produced by At- predecessors to America's first tation. The program closes with las Video. The fine production of ironclads. Construction of both recent underwater footage of the this thirty minute videotape pro- Union and Confederate vessels is wreck of the Monitor, along with gram contributes greatly to its ca- described, with the benefit of a discussion of current archaeo- pacity both to enlighten and to such aids as a section of armor logical efforts and future plans entertain, even upon repeated plating from the C.S.S. Virginia for this historic treasure. viewing. The tape's professional- and blueprints and an original Since this is the only Civil ism is evident in the narration by builder's model of the U.S.S. War naval videotape available, reknowned commentator Edwin Monitor. even if it were mediocre or over- Newman, as well as in the period A fairly detailed account of the priced it would have a ready au- and original music score by 1862 battle between these two dience. As it turns out, this Grammy Award winner Jon Car- vessels is given, including an ex- seamless production, at a price of roll. The format relies largely planation of why both sides $19.95, should prove to be very upon scanned, magnified, and claimed victory. The narration popular among Civil War naval full-view images of period prints, fails to mention the consternation enthusiasts. Shenandoah 125th To James River Squad- New Edition Of Civil Be Held In Australia ron Remains Safe ~ War Naval Chronicle As the 125th anniversary of the Support Sought For In Preparation C.S.S. Shenandoah's visit to Aus- Excavations, Repli- CNHS Advisor William Dud- tralia this January and February ley at the U. S. Naval Historical draws near, the Australian Civil cas, And Museum... Center has advised us he is work- War Round Table and the govern- ing on a newly-edited version of ment post office are preparing to We are happy to report that the the Civil War Naval Chronology, mark the event with a special endangered James River Squad- which has been out of print for souvenir pictorial postmark at ron remains safe from dredges as the last several years. This mas- Williamstown, where the ship was the Richmond Port Authority sive 1100-page work was origi- put up for repair and a nice book- conducts research to determine nally published in six volumes in let covering the history of the visit the exact location of the wrecks 1971 by the U.S. Printing Office prepared by Barry Crompton and so as to avoid them. and was subsequently repub- Dale Blair. Those interested in re- Meanwhile, CNHS James Riv- lished in a single volume. It has ceiving a copy of the booklet or a er Squadron Committee Chair- been an invaluable resource for souvenir cover should contact Bar- man Joe Ayers has been organiz- all interested in Civil War Naval ry at 14 Sunlight Crescent, East ing local interest in the recovery events and developments, as it Brighton, Victoria 3187, Australia. of the vessels for museum dis- covers the entire war on a day by Also in the planning stages at play and developing the concept day basis, as well as giving ex- press time was the dedication of a of an ironclad or Maury gunboat tensive background on every- "Shenandoah Ballroom" at Craig's replica to be built to once more thing from the ships and their Hotel in nearby Ballarat, the origi- patrol the James and serve as a histories to contemporary naval nal ballroom where the ship's offi- focus for local history and tour- popular sheet music. cers were entertained at a "Bucca- ism. Those wishing to partici- The new edition is scheduled neer's Ball" by the hotel's wealthy pate contact him at Box 790, Co- for release sometime next year. American owners. lumbia, VA 23038. The Confederate Naval Historical Society -- 6 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 The University has refused to sell SOUND GENERAL QUARTERS! it to them, and in the meantime termite damage to the house has Matthew Fontaine Maury caused it to be condemned, forc- ing out the offices and making it House In Richmond In Dan- impossible to safely move the building. The Alumni Association ger Of Destruction By V.C.U. would still like to move it, brick Major innovations often have by brick, reconstructing the dam- humble beginnings, which is cer- aged timber structure, to provide tainly the case of the invention of a rebuilt/restored version of the the electric mine — this deadly de- house which would house a Mau- vice was developed by Commo- ry museum and alumni offices on dore Matthew Fontaine Maury in the side. As of this date, the Uni- the upstairs bathtub of his cousin's versity has made no further of- house at 1105 Clay St. in Rich- fers of cooperation, and the mond, Virginia where Maury re- scheduled building of the clinic sided during the first part of the in 1990 could spell the end of the War. Now there only remains a Maury house in the very near fu- small plaque to remind the visitor ture. of the occasion, but before long It seems strange to us that the there may be nothing there at all, house where the legendary "Path- as Virginia Commonwealth Uni- finder Of The Seas" - the man versity, which owns the land, in- who singlehandedly invented tends to raze the modest Greek- modem ocean geography — made revival building to make way for a such important contributions new outpatient clinic for its medi- should be so callously tossed cal college. away. It is even more tragic that the University had promised to this could happen when there is The college's Alumni Associa- trade them for the one the house tion, which owns the building it- money available and an associa- currently stands on. The Alumni tion committed to saving it, at no self, has made a valiant effort to Association originally used the save and preserve the building inconvenience to the University. house for its offices, but the The bottom line of all this is over the last nine years. They space has been insufficient and it have over half a million dollars in Virginia politics. The deal that also needed to buy an additional had already been struck was tor- a building fund to move the build- piece of land next to the new lot ing to a lot across the street which pedoed (!) by a change of state to build additional office space. governorship and a land ex- change scandal at another state John Low Uniform, Alabama Pennant On university. Now it seems safer to the University to see the land- Display At New Market Museum mark torn down than to proceed While travelling the length of labelled uniform of Lt. John Low with an arrangement that might Virginia recently, some of our of Alabama and Tuscaloosa be subjected to scrutiny by an ad- number stopped along the end- fame, and next to it his post-War ministration that may not support less ribbon of Interstate 81 to fi- British master's license and it. This does credit neither to the nally get a look at the Newmar- sword. Also acquired at the University nor to the state gov- ket Battlefield Museum. The same time, but not yet on display ernment who would rather let the glass cases displayed a variety of when we were there, is the pen- treasure slip through the cracks swords and uniforms until sud- nant of the Alabama that was to destruction than take the effort denly, one unmarked case re- plucked from the waters off to cooperate in its preservation. vealed a CSN Lieutenants gray Cherbourg by a passing yacht If you have suggestions to help uniform with deepwater buttons! and sent to Low in 1880. stop this needless travesty, con- A quick inquiry with curator Newmarket Battlefield, Box tact Alumni Association Presi- John Bracken revealed this to be 1131, Rt 305, New Market, VA dent Francis W. Kay, Box 156 the newly-acquired and not yet 22844. (703)740-8065. MCV Sta., Richmond, VA 23298. (804)786-0434. The Confederate Naval Historical Society ~ 7 ~ Newsletter Number Two, October 1989 New Section: Coming ft? Our Next Issue: CSN Research, Requests, and >» NUMA At Mobile Bay In September, Clive Cussler s in- Commentary... trepid divers tackled the site of Looking for research answers? master in the Confederate Navy one of the War's biggest naval At the CNHS offices we try to help battles to try to determine more who in 1861 designed a submarine about the location and condition with information and references — built at Tredegar Iron Works. In of over a dozen Confederate and if we can't locate what you need, 1862 he was in charge of torpe- Union ships, including the Phoe- we'll refer it to our greatest re- does in the James River. Do you nix, Toscaioosa, Huntsvitte, Mil- source — our Associates — in this have any more details on Mr. waukee, Tecvmseh, and many column, along with other timely Cheeney's activities or his sub de- requests and comments. more. We It have a full report on sign?" what they've found, what s safe, We've had a few requests we'd From Meigs Brainard, 200 Mill- like to fill -- especially for CNHS and what's endangered... wood Circle #813, Maumelle, Ar- »> Major Developments At regalia of one sort or another, la- kansas 72118: The Confederate Naval Mu- pel pins, stickers, T-shirts, and the "I am working on an article seum. The only museum dedi- like. They will be coming, we about the Confederate gunboats promise, as soon as the budget al- cated to the CSN has aia/0r plans Maurepas, commanded by Cpt. for expansion $10 million lows! Similarly, we've had a Joseph Fry, and the Ponchartrain, worth. A report on how they'll couple of requests to officially commanded by Lt. J. W. Dunning- bring the Marines into this outfit ton. raise it, and how they 11 spend it. and issue a CS Marine commis- >» Plus, the latest news on CSN "I need pictures or drawings of developments, our second 'Where sion. We'd love to, given the either vessel, even pre-war when They Lie' research article, fea- money (our CSN commission they were the Grosse tete and the looks expensive, and was) and the tures, reviews, comments, and ed- Lizzie Simmons. Also the wherea- itorials, coming at year s end! whereabouts of an original to re- bouts of Cpt. Fry's naval log and if produce. Anybody know where it was captured by the crew of the N.B.; If you liked the front-page picture of one is? Federal ship Lexington and turned the C.S.S. Alabama, you can get the full-color From Dr. Robert Latorre, 300- over to Col. Fitch who command- 16"x20" print from which we shot it for $25 7BE Lake Marina Dr., New Or- ed the 46th Indiana Infantry. I ppd from Sail and Steam, Box 8930, Norfolk, leans, LA 70124: also need a picture of Lt. Dunning- VA 23502-0930. They also have one of the "I was referred to your group ton and any other info about these blockade runner Will-Of-The-Wisp, also from regarding Mr. W.G.Cheeney, a ships' histories and commanders." a Gehagen rendering, for the same price.

THE CONFEDERATE NAVAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, INC. 710 Ocran Road, White Stone, Virginia, U.S.A. 22578