DOCSLIB.ORG

LEGAL TOLLS and the RULE of LAW: the JUDICIAL RESPONSE to POLICE KILLINGS in SOUTH AMERICA a Dissertation Submitted to the Gradu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LEGAL TOLLS and the RULE of LAW: the JUDICIAL RESPONSE to POLICE KILLINGS in SOUTH AMERICA a Dissertation Submitted to the Gradu LEGAL TOLLS AND THE RULE OF LAW: THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO POLICE KILLINGS IN SOUTH AMERICA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Daniel M. Brinks, A.B., J.D., M.A. __________________________________ Guillermo A. O’Donnell, Director Graduate Program in Political Science Notre Dame, Indiana April 2004 © Copyright by DANIEL M. BRINKS 2004 All rights reserved LEGAL TOLLS AND THE RULE OF LAW: THE JUDICIAL RESPONSE TO POLICE KILLINGS IN SOUTH AMERICA Abstract by Daniel M. Brinks This dissertation addresses core issues relating to law and democracy in Latin America. The judicial response to continuing high levels of police violence in Latin America is the empirical context used to explore the oft-mentioned but little studied gap between the law on the books and the law in practice in the region. The theoretical chapter presents a model that is applicable to many of the problems usually placed under the “rule of law” rubric, while the empirical chapters contribute new information on one of the key problems faced by these legal systems, the effectiveness and enforcement of civil rights. The dissertation addresses such key themes as equality before the law, access to justice, judicial independence and legal reform. The dissertation relies partly on an original database documenting the outcome of approximately 500 cases of police violence ending in death in Buenos Aires and Córdoba, Argentina, São Paulo and Salvador, Brazil, and all of Uruguay. The database includes information about the case, the victims, the perpetrators, and all the legal actors involved. This information is used to measure levels of effectiveness and inequality Daniel M. Brinks within and across social groups, cities, and countries. The comparison of five cities across three countries, in provincial and federal legal systems, allows controls on a wide variety of social, economic, political and institutional variables. Beginning with a heuristic model of the process of legal decision-making, and deriving implications for legal effectiveness from this model, the dissertation argues that disparate outcomes across cases are caused primarily by gaps in the supply of information to the legal system, compounded in certain systems by normative failures on the part of key decision-makers. It includes insights into possible institutional arrangements that might produce better results. DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation in the first place to my family – to my wife Sandra, who indulged me by leaving behind a secure lifestyle and a sunny Caribbean island to travel with me on my academic (and physical) journey from the Virgin Islands to South Bend, Indiana, to Latin America and back again; to my children, Derek and Aaron, who left their comfortable spaces to spend time in tiny apartments in São Paulo and damp houses in Buenos Aires, to walk the streets of Montevideo and the beaches of Salvador, and Liam, who enlivened the last two years of this odyssey; and, finally, to my parents, Raymond and Gladys Brinks, whose lifelong dedication to and service among the outcasts of society inspired me to make the journey in the first place. Without their encouragement and support this would have been a much darker, more difficult, and less interesting trip. I also dedicate this dissertation to the victims of police violence everywhere and to their families. It is all too easy to forget that behind the theory and the data and the cases discussed in these pages are real people – a young man dead, a woman executed by the police, parents who have lost a child, children who have lost a father. May their voices be heard. ii CONTENTS PREFACE......................................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION – EFFECTIVENESS AND INEQUALITY IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM .........................................................................................................1 A. THE RESEARCH QUESTION..........................................................................5 B. THE LITERATURE ON THE RULE OF LAW ......................................................9 C. THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE: LEGAL EFFECTIVENESS..................................15 1. Legal tolls and the rule of law ............................................................15 2. The process of adjudication................................................................21 D. PROPOSING AN EXPLANATION ..................................................................25 1. An interdependent model of the legal system.......................................26 2. Consequences of the model for prosecutions of police officers............31 3. Concrete implications of the theory ....................................................40 CHAPTER 2 METHODS, CASE SELECTION AND SAMPLING.........................42 A. CASE SELECTION .....................................................................................42 B. THE CHOICE OF DEPENDENT VARIABLE:....................................................46 C. DATA SOURCES AND SAMPLING................................................................50 1. Uruguay .............................................................................................51 2. Buenos Aires and Córdoba.................................................................52 3. São Paulo...........................................................................................59 4. Salvador da Bahia..............................................................................63 CHAPTER 3 THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE – LEGAL TOLLS AND ILLUSORY RIGHTS.......................................................................................................................65 A. URUGUAY ...............................................................................................68 1. Violations...........................................................................................69 2. Judicial response................................................................................74 iii B. BUENOS AIRES AND CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA ............................................81 1. Violations...........................................................................................82 2. Judicial response................................................................................88 C. SÃO PAULO .............................................................................................96 1. Violations...........................................................................................96 2. Judicial response..............................................................................102 D. SALVADOR DA BAHIA............................................................................110 1. Violations.........................................................................................111 2. Judicial response..............................................................................111 E. CONCLUSION: COMPARING THE JURISDICTIONS.......................................118 1. Pprior and ptoll: the likelihood of a violation across cities and within them .........................................................................................................119 2. ∆p and ptoll – the likelihood of a conviction across jurisdictions and victim class .........................................................................................................126 CHAPTER 4 BUENOS AIRES – POLITICAL INTERFERENCE AND INFORMATIONAL DEPENDENCE ......................................................................132 A. FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE..................................133 B. SOCIAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................138 1. Socio-economic context ....................................................................138 2. Socio-political context ......................................................................143 C. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE SOCIAL CONTEXT.149 1. Police forces active in the Buenos Aires area ...................................149 2. Non-state agents...............................................................................155 D. PROSECUTORS .......................................................................................159 E. JUDGES .................................................................................................162 F. SUMMARY.............................................................................................173 CHAPTER 5 SÃO PAULO – NORMATIVE AUTONOMY, UNEQUAL CONTEXT.................................................................................................................178 A. CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE............................................................180 B. SOCIAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................187 1. Socio-economic context ....................................................................187 2. Socio-political context ......................................................................190 C. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE SOCIAL CONTEXT.195 1. São Paulo police forces ....................................................................195 iv 2. Other state agencies .........................................................................203 3. Non-state agents...............................................................................205
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Africa 2016 Latin America 2016 Latin America 2015-2016
    In 2016 a large catch-up* in infrastructure investments is being confirmed by several Latin American countries, driven by the knowledge that economic growth relies heavily on quality infrastructure. The transport sector is going to firmly benefit from the expected increase in public and private funds. The continent being one of the most urbanized regions in the world, a large focus goes into urban rail projects: Mexico, Guatemala, Paraguay, Colombia, Chile, Brazil… are planning new projects for metro, light rail, high speed rail, monorail and passenger trains. One country is clearly taking the lead: Argentina. Besides boosting its investment climate and PPP laws, Argentina made public the ambitious 8-year 14.187 m USD investment in Buenos Aires` commuter network. Related key projects are the city`s RER and tunneling of the Sarmiento line. The Latin America Passenger Rail Expansion Summit will bring together local and international stakeholders, government officials, operators, developers, architects, consultants and equipment plus solution providers to discuss the current rail sector. *300.000 m USD is what Latam should be investing annually, versus the 150.000 m USD spent annually on infrastructure in the previous 20 years. http://latinamerica.railexpansionsummit.com OUTLOOK SOME OF THE TO BE INVITED DELEGATES Argentina foresees 14187 m USD ANPTrilhos INCOFER, Costa Rica Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones, Peru 14187 investment in AFE Uruguay VLT Carioca Consortium Directorio de Transporte Público Metropolitano, Chile suburban network. FEPASA Paraguay Metro de Santiago, Chile Subterráneos de Buenos Aires SE (SBASE) CPTM São Paulo ANTT Brazil Gobierno Autónomo Municipal Santa Cruz Bolivia STM São Paulo ProInversión Peru Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona New Rolling stock wagons in use in Metro Rio Metro DF Brazil Ministerio de Transporte Argentina 735-> Buenos Aires.
    [Show full text]
  • Policing in Federal States
    NEPAL STEPSTONES PROJECTS Policing in Federal States Philipp Fluri and Marlene Urscheler (Eds.) Policing in Federal States Edited by Philipp Fluri and Marlene Urscheler Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) www.dcaf.ch The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces is one of the world’s leading institutions in the areas of security sector reform (SSR) and security sector governance (SSG). DCAF provides in-country advisory support and practical assis- tance programmes, develops and promotes appropriate democratic norms at the international and national levels, advocates good practices and makes policy recommendations to ensure effective democratic governance of the security sector. DCAF’s partners include governments, parliaments, civil society, international organisations and the range of security sector actors such as police, judiciary, intelligence agencies, border security ser- vices and the military. 2011 Policing in Federal States Edited by Philipp Fluri and Marlene Urscheler Geneva, 2011 Philipp Fluri and Marlene Urscheler, eds., Policing in Federal States, Nepal Stepstones Projects Series # 2 (Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2011). Nepal Stepstones Projects Series no. 2 © Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2011 Executive publisher: Procon Ltd., <www.procon.bg> Cover design: Angel Nedelchev ISBN 978-92-9222-149-2 PREFACE In this book we will be looking at specimens of federative police or- ganisations. As can be expected, the federative organisation of such states as Germany, Switzerland, the USA, India and Russia will be reflected in their police organisation, though the extremely decentralised approach of Switzerland with hardly any central man- agement structures can hardly serve as a paradigm of ‘the’ federal police organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship of the Prosecution with the Police and Investigative Responsibility
    107THREPORTS INTERNATIONAL OF THE TRAINING COURSE COURSE REPORTS OF THE COURSE GROUP 1 THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PROSECUTION WITH THE POLICE AND INVESTIGATIVE RESPONSIBILITY Chairperson Mr. Zafar Ahmad Farooqi (Pakistan) Co-Chairperson Mr. Takahiro Saito (Japan) Rapporteurs Mr. Winfred Ansah-Akrofi (Ghana) Mr. Ersyiwo Zaimaru (Indonesia) Mr. Alex Mwachishi Chilufya (Zambia) Members Mr. Guan Fujin (China) Ms. Mariko Suzuki (Japan) Mr. Toshiaki Takahashi (Japan) Mr. Hiroyasu Ito (Japan) Mr. Lee, Yong-Hoon (Republic of Korea) Adviser Deputy Director Masahiro Tauchi (UNAFEI) I. INTRODUCTION II. USE OF TERMS This special report is the product of an For purposes of this report, the following intense group workshop called upon to terms shall be construed as hereunder: examine and discuss the relationship “PROSECUTOR”: Any person appointed between investigation and prosecution as or designated under the law as a public it pertains to the nineteen countries prosecutor or one who acts as such on represented on the course. To realize this behalf of the state and whose powers and objective, it was necessary in each case to functions include, inter alia, the following: look at the police; to what extent, if at all, (a)the power of control over the prosecutors get involved in investigations; presentation of a case before court; the practical problems faced by and investigators, police and prosecutors alike; (b)the power of control over the the role played by public prosecutors in continuance or discontinuance of overcoming the drawbacks and problems prosecution. faced by investigators; and, recommending possible avenues of circumventing existing “POLICE”: Any organization with and perceived hurdles in the way of personnel appointed under the law and qualitative and effective investigation and exercising the power and function of a law prosecution of crime and its offenders.
    [Show full text]
  • Asset Management in Rail Public Transport Sector and Industry 4.0 Technologies
    Bruno Teixeira Cavalcante de Magalhães Daniel Machado dos Santos Débora Cristina Faria de Araújo Gustavo Henrique Lucas Jaquie ASSET MANAGEMENT IN RAIL PUBLIC TRANSPORT SECTOR AND INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES Brasília, Brazil November 2020 Bruno Teixeira Cavalcante de Magalhães Daniel Machado dos Santos Débora Cristina Faria de Araújo Gustavo Henrique Lucas Jaquie A Final Educational Project Submitted to Deutsche Bahn AG in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Rail and Metro Rail Transportation Systems Management Certificate Program This Final Educational Project was prepared and approved under the direction of the DB Rail Academy, Mr. Marcus Braun. Brasilia, Brazil November 2020 ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 is the concept adopted to refer to new technologies that have been deeply impacting the entire industry, in practically all sectors. The development of technologies associated with the internet of things (IoT) and intelligent systems is driving the industry towards digital transformation. In this scenario, many possibilities arise for the rail public transport sector, mainly for Asset Management, considering that Asset Management represents a significant portion of the operator's efforts and costs to keep the commercial operation running. This work presents the traditional asset management concepts currently used in the public transport sector on rails, as well as some opportunities for using Industry 4.0 technologies in this sector. Then, a methodology for implementing these opportunities is proposed, with the agile methodology being suggested as an implementation strategy, considering a cost- benefit analysis, risk analysis, project plan, implementation plan and financial plan. It is expected that the ideas presented in this work can stimulate other sectors of the industry to move towards Industry 4.0, which is an inevitable trend and will certainly determine in the medium and long term who will survive in an increasingly competitive environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice Reform in Mexico: Change and Challenges in the Judicial Sector
    Justice Reform in Mexico: Change and Challenges in the Judicial Sector David A. Shirk Working Paper Series on U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation April 2010 1 Brief Project Description This Working Paper is the product of a joint project on U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation coordinated by the Mexico Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center and the Trans-Border Institute at the University of San Diego. As part of the project, a number of research papers have been commissioned that provide background on organized crime in Mexico, the United States, and Central America, and analyze specific challenges for cooperation between the United States and Mexico, including efforts to address the consumption of narcotics, money laundering, arms trafficking, intelligence sharing, police strengthening, judicial reform, and the protection of journalists. This paper is being released in a preliminary form to inform the public about key issues in the public and policy debate about the best way to confront drug trafficking and organized crime. Together the commissioned papers will form the basis of an edited volume to be released later in 2010. All papers, along with other background information and analysis, can be accessed online at the web pages of either the Mexico Institute or the Trans-Border Institute and are copyrighted to the author. The project was made possible by a generous grant from the Smith Richardson Foundation. The views of the author do not represent an official position of the Woodrow Wilson Center or of the University of San Diego. For questions related to the project, for media inquiries, or if you would like to contact the author please contact the project coordinator, Eric L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban Rail Development Handbook
    DEVELOPMENT THE “ The Urban Rail Development Handbook offers both planners and political decision makers a comprehensive view of one of the largest, if not the largest, investment a city can undertake: an urban rail system. The handbook properly recognizes that urban rail is only one part of a hierarchically integrated transport system, and it provides practical guidance on how urban rail projects can be implemented and operated RAIL URBAN THE URBAN RAIL in a multimodal way that maximizes benefits far beyond mobility. The handbook is a must-read for any person involved in the planning and decision making for an urban rail line.” —Arturo Ardila-Gómez, Global Lead, Urban Mobility and Lead Transport Economist, World Bank DEVELOPMENT “ The Urban Rail Development Handbook tackles the social and technical challenges of planning, designing, financing, procuring, constructing, and operating rail projects in urban areas. It is a great complement HANDBOOK to more technical publications on rail technology, infrastructure, and project delivery. This handbook provides practical advice for delivering urban megaprojects, taking account of their social, institutional, and economic context.” —Martha Lawrence, Lead, Railway Community of Practice and Senior Railway Specialist, World Bank HANDBOOK “ Among the many options a city can consider to improve access to opportunities and mobility, urban rail stands out by its potential impact, as well as its high cost. Getting it right is a complex and multifaceted challenge that this handbook addresses beautifully through an in-depth and practical sharing of hard lessons learned in planning, implementing, and operating such urban rail lines, while ensuring their transformational role for urban development.” —Gerald Ollivier, Lead, Transit-Oriented Development Community of Practice, World Bank “ Public transport, as the backbone of mobility in cities, supports more inclusive communities, economic development, higher standards of living and health, and active lifestyles of inhabitants, while improving air quality and liveability.
    [Show full text]
  • Albania 2020 Report
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 6.10.2020 SWD(2020) 354 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Albania 2020 Report Accompanying the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions 2020 Communication on EU Enlargement Policy {COM(2020) 660 final} - {SWD(2020) 350 final} - {SWD(2020) 351 final} - {SWD(2020) 352 final} - {SWD(2020) 353 final} - {SWD(2020) 355 final} - {SWD(2020) 356 final} EN EN Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1. Context 3 1.2. Summary of the report 4 2. FUNDAMENTALS FIRST: POLITICAL CRITERIA AND RULE OF LAW CHAPTERS 8 2.1. Functioning of democratic institutions and public administration reform 8 2.1.1 Democracy 8 2.1.2. Public administration reform 14 2.2.1. Chapter 23: Judiciary and fundamental rights 18 2.2.2. Chapter 24: Justice, freedom and security 37 3. FUNDAMENTALS FIRST: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVENESS 51 3.1. The existence of a functioning market economy 51 3.2. The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union 57 4. GOOD NEIGHBOURLY RELATIONS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION 59 5. ABILITY TO ASSUME THE OBLIGATIONS OF MEMBERSHIP 62 5.1. Chapter 1: Free movement of goods 62 5.2. Chapter 2: Freedom of movement of workers 64 5.3. Chapter 3: Right of establishment and freedom to provide services 64 5.4. Chapter 4: Free movement of capital 65 5.5. Chapter 5: Public procurement 67 5.6. Chapter 6: Company law 69 5.7. Chapter 7: Intellectual property law 70 5.8.
    [Show full text]
  • Law Enforcement in Japan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Law Enforcement in Japan from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    9/25/2014 Law enforcement in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Law enforcement in Japan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Law enforcement in Japan is provided by the Prefectural Police under the oversight of the National Police Agency or NPA. The NPA is headed by the National Public Safety Commission thus ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct central government executive control. They are checked by an independent judiciary and monitored by a free and active press. Japanese Police logo Contents 1 History 2 National Organization 2.1 National Public Safety Commission 2.1.1 National Police Agency 2.1.1.1 Police Administration Bureau Aichi Prefecture Toyota Crown police car 2.1.1.2 Criminal Investigation in the parking lot in the Expo 2005 Aichi Japan Before the South Korean pavilion. Bureau 2.1.1.3 Traffic Bureau 2.1.1.4 Security Bureau 2.1.1.5 Regional Public Safety Bureaus 2.1.1.6 Police Communications Divisions 2.1.1.7 Imperial Guard 3 Strength 4 Local organization 4.1 Prefectural Police 4.1.1 Kōban 5 Riot police 6 Special police http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan 1/20 9/25/2014 Law enforcement in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 6.1 Special judicial police officials (特別司法警 察職員) 6.1.1 Cabinet Office 6.1.2 Ministry of Justice 6.1.3 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 6.1.4 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 6.1.5 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 6.1.6 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 6.1.6.1 Coast Guard Officer (海上保 安官) 6.1.7
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters An IEG Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Urban Transport Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction This work is a product of the staff of The World RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS and Development / The World Bank Bank with external contributions. The findings, The material in this work is subject to copyright. 1818 H Street NW interpretations, and conclusions expressed in Because The World Bank encourages Washington, DC 20433 this work do not necessarily reflect the views dissemination of its knowledge, this work Telephone: 202-473-1000 of The World Bank, its Board of Executive may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they represent. noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Any queries on rights and licenses, including The boundaries, colors, denominations, and subsidiary rights, should be addressed to other information shown on any map in this World Bank Publications, The World Bank work do not imply any judgment on the part Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC of The World Bank concerning the legal 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: status of any territory or the endorsement [email protected]. or acceptance of such boundaries. Mobile Metropolises: Urban Transport Matters An IEG Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support for Urban Transport Contents ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... VII OVERVIEW ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Management Report of the Board of Directors 2016 11 I
    ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Cover: Hercílio Luz Bridge | Florianópolis | Brazil Annual Report 2016 Having started its activity in 1921, Teixeira Duarte currently leads a major Economic Group with over 10,000 employees, who work in 18 countries, in 6 activity sectors, achieving an annual turnover of over 1,100 million euros. Based on its structural Values: Resourcefulness, Truth and Commitment, Teixeira Duarte has accomplished its Mission: Doing, contributing to the building of a better world. Its foundational reference as an Engineering Establishment characterises Teixeira Duarte’s action in all its Areas of Construction from Geotechnics and Rehabilitation, to Buildings, Infrastructures, Metalworking, Underground Works, Railway Works and Maritime Works. The sustained growth in Construction over decades has enabled the Group to progressively develop other Activity Sectors due to the business opportunities it has encountered and knowingly fostered since the 1970s, such as Concessions and Services (since 1984), Real Estate (since 1973), Hospitality (since 1992), Distribution (since 1996), Energy (since 1996) and Automotive (since 1991). Although in 2016 it still operated in the Energy sector - where it had operated since 1996 - Teixeira Duarte divested its stake in the entity through which it maintained its activity in this sector in the first quarter of 2017. With a consolidated process of internationalisation, Teixeira Duarte has long operated in other markets which are nowadays still important in its operations, such as Venezuela (since 1978), Angola (since 1979), Mozambique (since 1982), Spain (since 2003), Algeria (since 2005) and Brazil (since 2006), currently also added by France, Belgium, United Kingdom, United States of America, Colombia, Peru, Morocco, South Africa, China, Qatar and Dubai.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Judicial Officers in Providing Judicial Security Relying on the Formation of the Judicial Police
    Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 17, 2020 Review Article THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS IN PROVIDING JUDICIAL SECURITY RELYING ON THE FORMATION OF THE JUDICIAL POLICE QUDRATULLAH EBRAHIMI FARANI1*, SAMAN SEIDI2 1Assistant Professor of Mofid University of Qom, Ph.D. of Criminal Jurisprudence, Iran. 2Graduated from Mofid University of Qom, MA in Criminal Law and Criminology, Iran. Received: 10 Aug 2019 Revised and Accepted: 26 Oct 2019 ABSTRACT Judicial officers play an important role in the judiciary as the executive arms in providing judicial security. Education, building culture of privacy, and protection of citizenship rights, as well as human dignity, are the most important components of a citizenship-oriented judicial officer. In the meantime, forming judicial police as the main judicial officer police in the heart of law enforcement forces can better provide education, building culture, privacy, and protection of citizenship rights through continuous and transparent supervision of judicial authorities and ensure judicial security at higher levels. Keywords: Judicial Security, Judicial Police, Officer Training, Law enforcement force. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Advance Scientific Research . This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/jcr.07.01.01 INTRODUCTION The judiciary needs strong executive power called judicial officers to perform its duties and maintain public order and security, as well as to JUDICIAL OFFICERS AND OBSERVANCE OF CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS establish justice formally and substantively. Judicial officers have a very high level of connection with a different stratum of society due to One of the most important and crucial stages of the trial is the their various responsibilities and duties so that the behavior and preliminary investigation stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil Passenger Rail Technologies REVERSE TRADE MISSION
    Brazil Passenger Rail Technologies REVERSE TRADE MISSION BUSINESS BRIEFING Monday, August 13, 2018 • 9:00 AM–4:30 PM Grand Hyatt Hotel • San Francisco, CA CONNECT WITH USTDA AGENDA U.S. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY Business Briefing to U.S. Industry “Brazil Passenger Rail Technologies Reverse Trade Mission” Monday, August 13, 2018 9:00 - 9:30 a.m. Registration 9:25 - 9:30 a.m. Administrative Remarks – KEA 9:30 - 9:40 a.m. Welcome and USTDA Overview by Ms. Gabrielle Mandel, Country Manager for the Latin American and the Caribbean Region and Mr. Rodrigo Mota, Representative in Brazil - U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) 9:40 - 9:55 a.m. Presentation by Mr. Fortes Flores - President Director of ANPTrilhos and President Director of Metro Rio 9:55 - 10:10 a.m. Presentation by Ms. Adriana Mendes - ANATEL 10:10 - 10:25 a.m. Presentation by Mr. Fabio Uccelli - CBTU 10:25 - 10:40 a.m. Presentation by Ms. Sonia Antunes - Supervia 10:40 - 10:55 a.m. Presentation by Mr. David Levenfus - TRENSURB 10:55 - 11:10 a.m. Networking Break 11:10 - 11:25 a.m. Presentation by Mr. Felipe Copche - CMSP 11:25 - 11:40 a.m. Presentation by Mr. Jose Bissacot - CPTM 11:40 - 11:55 a.m. Presentation by Mr. Leonardo Balbino - Metro Bahia 11:55 - 12:10 p.m. Presentation by Mr. Joao Menesacal - Metrofor 12:10 - 12:25 p.m. Presentation by Mr. Eduardo Copello - CTB 12:25 - 12:40 p.m. Presentation by Mr. Carlos Cunha - Metro - DF 12:40 - 12:55 p.m.
    [Show full text]