Appui Au Processus De Democratisation a Madagascar
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Économie Politique De Madagascar L’Énigme Et Le Paradoxe Économie Politique De Madagascar
M. Razafindrakoto F.Roubaud J.-M.Wachsberger L’énigme etleparadoxe Économie politique de Madagascar L’énigme et le paradoxe Économie politique de Madagascar IRD_Roubaud2_MEP.indd 1 28/06/2017 14:23:39 L’énigme et le paradoxe Économie politique de Madagascar Mireille RAZAFINDRAKOTO, François ROUBAUD, Jean-Michel WACHSBERGER IRD Éditions INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT AFD AGENCE FRANÇAISE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT Collection Synthèses Marseille, 2017 IRD_Roubaud2_MEP.indd 3 28/06/2017 14:23:39 Préparation éditoriale Marie-Laure Portal (11) Mise en page et réfection des figures Desk (53) Maquette de couverture Michelle Saint-Léger Maquette intérieure Pierre Lopez Coordination fabrication Catherine Guedj Photo de couverture © IRD/Rijasolo/Riva Press – Antananarivo, Madagascar. Lors d’un concert de la Fête de l’indépendance, juin 2009. La loi du 1er juillet 1992 (code de la propriété intellectuelle, première partie) n’autorisant, aux termes des alinéas 2 et 3 de l’article L. 122-5, d’une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réser- vées à l’usage du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d’autre part, que les analyses et les courtes citations dans le but d’exemple ou d’illustration, « toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants droit ou ayants cause, est illicite » (alinéa 1er de l’article L. 122-4). Cette représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, constituerait donc une contrefaçon passible des peines prévues au titre III de la loi précitée. © IRD/AFD, 2017 ISBN : 978-2-7099-2408-5 IRD_Roubaud2_MEP.indd 4 28/06/2017 14:23:39 Sommaire Remerciements ........................................................................ -
The South African Institute of International Affairs
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Brief Report 10/91 A French possession since 1896, the island of Madagascar, the fourth largest in the world, acceded to autonomous statehood within the French Community in October 1958, as the Malagasy Republic. In May 1959 Philibert Tsiranana, leader of the Parti Social Democrate (PSD), became President. The country achieved full independence in June 1960. Universally famous for its oddities in the animal and plant kingdom - notably, the mouse lemurs, the smallest of all primates, and a dozen species of vanga shrikes - Madagascar has known conflict since its independence. Conflict between the coastal people (cotiers) and the traditional ruling group of the island, the Merina, underlies the islands recent political history. ECONOMIC DECLINE After 1967 the economy, based principally on agriculture, forestry, fishing and - more recently - mining, went into deep decline. Political opposition to the Government's alleged authoritarianism and subservience to the interests of metropolitan France, also mounted. The embattled President transferred power to the military, who initiated the "Malagasization" of industry and education, and strengthened ties with the more progressive mainland African states. The crisis deepened, following an attempted military coup in December 1974, the assassination of the new Head of State and the imposition of martial law in February 1975. In June 1975, Lt-Commander Didier Ratsiraka, a cotier (a group long-favoured by the French) and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs, became the new Head of State and Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). |an Smuts House P.O. Box 31596 University of the Witwatersrand Braamfontein Braamfontein Johannesburg 2017 South Africa Tel: 339-2021 Telex: 4-27291 SA Fax: 339-2154 In a referendum in December 1975, a new constitution won overwhelming approval from the voters. -
Embassy of India Antananarivo India-Madagascar Unclassified
As on 24 Sept, 2019 Embassy of India Antananarivo India-Madagascar Unclassified brief India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries. Settlements of Indian merchants in Madagascar date back to the late eighteenth century. The late nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century witnessed a steady increase in the number of persons from India in Madagascar and persons of Indian origin began to play a significant role in business here. There are about 17,500 persons of India origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2500 Indian passport holders. Most of them are in trading but also manufacturing and other businesses. In recent years a number of Indian professionals have been working in different companies including multi-national companies in Madagascar. The first Indians settlers, mostly from Gujarat, arrived in Madagascar in 1880. Most of them are in trading but some of them are also in the manufacturing, real estate and other assorted businesses. The role played by the Indian community and diaspora in economic development of Madagascar is appreciated at all levels. Some of the Indian Diaspora are quite influential. In recent years a number of Indian professionals have migrated and are working in different companies, including multi- national companies in Madagascar. The Indian Diaspora has been playing a significant role in preserving and promoting Indian culture and traditional values. India opened a Consulate General in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, the Consulate General was up-graded to an Embassy. Madagascar experienced political crisis in 2009. The transitional government was not recognized by the international community. -
Sommet De Maputo II : Un Atout Et Trois Jokers Mardi, 25 Août 2009 02:21 - Mis À Jour Samedi, 12 Septembre 2009 07:26
Sommet de Maputo II : un atout et trois jokers Mardi, 25 Août 2009 02:21 - Mis à jour Samedi, 12 Septembre 2009 07:26 En haut : Blanche Richard et Nadine Ramaroson, en bas Manandafy Rakotonirina, Ihanta Randriamandranto et Raharinaivo Andrianatoandro Si les mouvances Zafy Albert et Didier Ratsiraka n’ont pas tellement jugé utile de recourir à de nouveaux membres (sauf Tabera Randriamanantsoa pour la mouvance Zafy), les deux principaux protagonistes de cette crise 2009, en l’occurrence Marc Ravalomanana et Andry Rajoelina, eux, ont jugé de s’entourer d’une artillerie lourde. Mais, à bien y voir, il s’agit de trois jokers pour le premier et d’un atout pour le second. Andry et Mialy Rajoelina dans le salon d'honneur de l'aéroport d'Ivato, le 24 août 2009 Concernant la mouvance Ravalomanana, notons Rapelanoro Rabenja, Ravatomanga, Rakotoarivelo Mamy, Révérend Ndriamanampy dit Satrobory, Fetison Rakoto Andrianirina, Yves Aimé Rakotoarison et Raharinaivo Andrianatoandro (porte-parole du Tim), Manandafy Rakotonirina (« Pm » nommé par téléphone par Ravalomanana) ainsi que Ihanta Randriamandranto (leader des femmes légalistes). Si le premier s’était terré quelque part, avant 1 / 6 Sommet de Maputo II : un atout et trois jokers Mardi, 25 Août 2009 02:21 - Mis à jour Samedi, 12 Septembre 2009 07:26 la signature de Maputo I, les deux derniers, eux, ont été libérés sur parole et méritent certainement un changement d’air. Quoi de mieux que celui du Mozambique ? Une mouvance ne se limite pas à une personne ou un parti. Ici, des chefs de parti membres de la mouvance Andry Rajoelina. -
Madagascar and SADC: the 15Th Member?
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 9/1999 Madagascar and SADC: The 15th Member? in 1997, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) broke its self-imposed moratorium on membership by inviting the newly-created Democratic Republic of Congo (DRQ and Seychelles as the 13th and 14th members. At the time there was speculation that Uganda and Kenya might also be invited to join. Now the Republic of Madagascar is believed to want membership. This raises a number of questions: First, what does Madagascar's membership offer the SADC? Second, what are the costs and benefits of SADC membership? And third, how will this impact on bilateral relations between South Africa and Madagascar? Madagascar: A Background government formally permitted multiparty democracy, and the Forces vives (FV) front led by The world's fourth-largest island, Madagascar lies Albert Zafy comprising 16 opposition factions was only 500 kms from mainland Africa, though it has a formed. A general strike organised by the FV distinct history and cultural identity. The Malagasy followed, and the President was forced to bow to people are of a mixed Malay-African origin, while demands to a new pluralist constitution (the Third the influence of France has been continuous since Republic) in 1992. the first settlement in 1643. France's control altered with the conferring of 'overseas territory status' in Zafy decisively defeated Ratsiraka in the Presidential 1946 and, following a bloody nationalist uprising, elections in 1993. However, the new President's full independence on 26 June 1960. populist sentiments clashed with the The first President, Philibert "A split apparently austere IMF/World Bank economic Tsiranana, maintained close military liberalisation measures supported by and economic co-operation with exists within the much of his Cabinet. -
Madagascar's Political Crisis
Madagascar’s political crisis Standard Note: SN05962 Last updated: 1 May 2012 Author: Jon Lunn Section International Affairs and Defence Section In March 2009, backed by large parts of the military and in the context of street protests in the capital, Antananarivo, current interim President Andre Rajoelina seized power from the incumbent, Marc Ravalomanana, who fled into exile in South Africa. The international community viewed it as an illegal coup d’état and took steps to isolate Rajeolina and his government. Since September 2011, a regionally-brokered agreement, signed by all the contending Malagasy parties, has been in place. Amongst other things, it provides for a one-year transition to new parliamentary and presidential elections. However, at just over the half-way point, the agreement is looking fragile and could yet collapse. The key unresolved issue is whether ex-president Marc Ravalomanana, who has been convicted in absentia on charges of complicity in murder in connection with the shooting of protestors in 2009, should be covered by an unconditional amnesty and allowed to return to Madagascar from abroad. Ravalomanana and his supporters allege that the conviction was unjustified and politically-motivated. In April 2012 an Amnesty Law was passed which appears designed not to apply to him. Click here for further background information about Madagascar. This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. -
Madagascar's 2009 Political Crisis
Madagascar’s 2009 Political Crisis Lauren Ploch Analyst in African Affairs October 7, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40448 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Madagascar’s 2009 Political Crisis Summary Political tensions on the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar between President Marc Ravalomanana and Andry Rajoelina, the former mayor of the capital city, escalated in early 2009, culminating in the President’s forced removal from office. In preceding weeks, over 135 people had been killed in riots and demonstrations. Under intensifying pressure from mutinous soldiers and large crowds of protestors, Ravalomanana handed power to the military on March 17, 2009. The military then transferred authority to Rajoelina, who has declared a transitional government. Rajoelina’s “inauguration” as president of the transitional authority was followed by days of protests by thousands of supporters of Ravalomanana. Several subsequent demonstrations have led to violent clashes with security forces. Negotiations in August between the parties led to the signing of an agreement in Mozambique to establish an inclusive, transitional government, but Rajoelina subsequently appointed a new government seen to be primarily composed of his own supporters. Southern African leaders and Madagascar’s opposition parties rejected the proposed government, and negotiations in Mozambique resumed. On October 6, the parties announced that they had reached agreement on posts in the new government, which will be led by Andry Rajoelina until new elections are held. Ravalomanana reportedly agreed to the arrangement on the condition that Rajoelina would not vie for the presidency in those elections. The agreement must now be implemented, and some observers question whether members of Rajoelina’s former administration will adhere to the new arrangement. -
Madagascar, D'une Crise À L'autre : Ruptures Et Continuités
Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud et Jean-Michel Wachsberger (dir.) Madagascar, d'une crise l'autre: ruptures et continuité KARTHALA - IRD MADAGASCAR, D'UNE CRISE L'AUTRE: RUPTURES ET CONTINUITÉ KARTHALA sur internet: www.karthala.com (paiement sécurisé) Couverture: Alakamisy Ambohimaha, 2007, © Pierrot Men. Éditions Kartha/a, 2018 ISBN Karthala: 978-2-8111-1988-1 ISBN IRD: 978-2-7099-2640-9 DIRECfEURS SCIENTIFIQUES Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud etJean-~icheIVVachsberger Madagascar, d'une crise l'autre: ruptures et continuité Édition Karthala IRD 22-24, boulevard Arago 44, bd de Dunkerque 75013 Paris 13572 Marseille À tous ceux qui ont contribué à la formation et au partage des connaissances pour le développement de Madagascar. À Philippe Hugon. INTRODUCfION GÉNÉRALE La trajectoire de Madagascar au prisme de ses crises Mireille RAzAFiNDRAKOTO, François RouBAuD et Jean-Michel WACHSBERGER Deux représentations de Madagascar sont aujourd'hui concurrentes. La première, héritée d'une longue histoire, est celle d'un quasi-eldorado. Dès le xvu" siècle, la description apologétique, par Étienne de Hacourt (1661), des richesses du pays, des savoir-faire des populations et de leur malléabilité avait abondamment nourri l'imaginaire colonial. Plus tard, dans les années 1930, c'est la propagande du gouverneur Cayla qui avait contribué à propager l'idée d'une «Île heureuse» (Fremigacci, 2014). Aujourd'hui, de nombreux récits de voyage et livres de photos présentent le pays comme un Éden à préserver: beauté époustouflante des paysages, gentillesse et douceur des habitants, diversité de la faune et de la flore. La banque de photographie Shutterstock sur Madagascar, où la Banque mondiale a puisé en 2016 les illustrations d'une publication sur la pauvreté (Banque mondiale, 2016), traduit à merveille ce capital imaginaire. -
Perspectives on Community Representation Within the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: Experiences from South-East Madagascar
Resources Policy 37 (2012) 241–250 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Resources Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/resourpol Perspectives on community representation within the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: Experiences from south-east Madagascar Shirley M. Smith n, Derek D. Shepherd, Peter T. Dorward School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, The University of Reading, PO Box 217, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK article info abstract Article history: This article critically examines the nature and quality of governance in community representation and Received 4 November 2010 civil society engagement in the context of trans-national large-scale mining, drawing on experiences Received in revised form in the Anosy Region of south-east Madagascar. An exploration of functional relationships between 5 January 2011 government, mining business and civil society stakeholders reveals an equivocal legitimacy of Accepted 6 January 2011 certain civil society representatives, created by state manipulation, which contributes to community Available online 25 February 2011 disempowerment. The appointment of local government officials, rather than election, creates a JEL classifications: hierarchy of upward dependencies and a culture where the majority of officials express similar views D7 and political alliances. As a consequence, community resistance is suppressed. G3 Voluntary mechanisms such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the Extractive Industries I3 Transparency Initiative (EITI) advocate community -
Découvrons Tuléar À Travers Ses Rues
Découvrons Tuléar à travers ses rues Autrefois, Tuléar n’était qu’un tout petit village de pêcheurs Vezo. En 1656, sur la carte d’Etienne de Flacourt, gouverneur de la colonie française de Fort Dauphin, à l’emplacement de la ville de Tuléar, on trouve « Hivouron-Heroc ». On sait ainsi qu’au XVIIe siècle, les Vezo Voroneoke formaient déjà de petits hameaux dans les quartiers d’Ambohitsabo, et de Mahavatsy. Tuléar s’est développée dans la basse plaine du Fiherenana, non loin du Tropique du Capricorne. Le proverbe dit : « Sans le Fiherenana, il n’y aurait pas de Tuléar ». En effet, la région est semi-désertique et d’ailleurs, le fleuve est à sec pendant la saison sèche. A la fin du XVIIe siècle et surtout au XVIIIe siècle, Tuléar et la baie de Saint-Augustin vont devenir les principaux postes de traite des rois Masikoro du Fiherenana. La ville n’existe officiellement qu’en 1897, lorsque Gallieni, le gouverneur de Madagascar, ordonne le transport des services administratifs de Nosy Ve à Tuléar. Tuléar devient centre du cercle militaire français. Au moins 2000 habitants y sont recensés à cette date. Toliara devient, en 1903, la capitale de la plus grande, province de l’île puis, progressivement, son véritable pôle économique. Le premier plan d’urbanisme est mis en place en 1916. Les principales rues sont tracées. Des maisons sont construites par des Européens et des Indiens. En 1980, la ville comptait 60 000 habitants, et aujourd’hui plus de 200 000 habitants. Ainsi, elle occupe de plus en plus d’espace. -
Download File
Detailed timeline: Madagascar Rick de Satgé This timeline provides additional information to the Land Portal profile on Madagascar. Land related content is shaded in green and tagged using Landvoc metadata categories. Version 1.0 last updated 1 June 2021 Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags 700CE Mariners from Indonesia settle in Madagascar has only had human settlement for 1300 years. Language Madagascar and culture derived from Indonesian origins although there is debate Afro Arab settlers inhabit the coasts before about how the first settlers came to the island and a precise settlement 1000 CE chronology has yet to be reliably established. 1000 CE “Slaves probably made an important part of the population of Madagascar as early as in the 10th century”. 1 1 (Regnier and Somda 2018) Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags Madagascar has a fragmented population made up of 20 ethnic groups. The island was visited by Diaz Portuguese navigator in 1500 Figure 1: Encyclopaedia Britannica2 1600 to Portuguese navigators trade and raid Afro 1625 Arab coastal towns 1642 The French invade and establish Port Dauphin in the south-east which they maintain until 1674 1810 - 1861 Formation of the Kingdom of Madagascar In this period Andriana Merina expand their The economy of the Merina kingdom was dependent on domestic influence to control much of the island. slavery supplemented by the import of slaves from the African mainland.3 1810 Radama I rises to head what became known Radama 1 the Merina sovereign (1810-28) allied himself with the British as the Merina kingdom. governor of Mauritius. 2 (Kent 2020) 3 (Campbell 1981) Year Event Context Landvoc metadata tags 1820 British-Merina treaty of I820 in which Radama I signs the agreement with Farquhar the British governor – Radama I, the Merina sovereign, pledged to himself the owner of the largest slave run plantation in Mauritius. -
Essai D'analyse De La Crise De 2009-2011 À Mada
Université d’Antananarivo Faculté de Droit, d’Economie, de Gestion et de Sociologie Département de Sociologie LABORATOIRE III Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Politique, Gouvernance et Développement Mémoire de Maitrise ESSAI D’ANALYSE DE LA CRISE DE 2009- 2011 A MADAGASCAR Présenté par : RALAINONY Stéphane Richard Membres du jury Président : Mr ETIENNE Stefano Raherimalala, Maître de conférences Juge : Mr ANDRIAMAMPANDRY Todisoa, Maître de conférences Directeur de mémoire : Mr RASOLO André, Maître de conférences Date de soutenance : 11 Juillet 2012 Année Universitaire : 2010- 2011 1 “““ Ny olona mahay mihaino sady tsy miteny firy dia manmananganaangana hery lehibe sy afaka mamoaka hevihevi----dalinadalina »»» The person who listen carefully and who speak rarely that person build a great force and can expose an analysis ininin-in ---depthdepth Une personne qui sait écouter et qui parle rarement est une personne qui érige une grande force et capable d’exposer une analyse approfondie ... 2 Essai d’analyse de la crise de 2009-2011 à Madagascar 3 Remerciement Nous remercions les personnalités suivantes pour leurs partages d’expériences et de savoirs. Mr. Serge ZAFIMAHOVA Mr. Fetison RAKOTO ANDRIANIRINA Mr. Joseph RANDRIAMIARISOA Mr. Willy RAZAFINJATOVO Aux autres informateurs qui ont voulu gardé l’anonymat. Je tiens également à adresser ma profonde gratitude envers les membres du jury à savoir : Dr. Stefano Raherimalala ETIENNE, le président du jury Dr. Todisoa ANDRIAMAMPANDRY, le juge Dr. André RASOLO, notre directeur de mémoire Mes