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The Manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867V

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The Manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867V Previously unexamined texts in Victorian languages: The manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867V STEPHEN MOREY Most of the records of the Aboriginal languages of Victoria were written down by untrained people in the I9th century. One of the most prolific was the Rev MONASH UNIVERSITY William Thomas (1793-1867), who was Assistant Protector of the Aborigines in the early days of colonisation of what is now Victoria. This article and the thesis upon which it was based closely examine for the first time the linguistic data collected by Thomas in two main sources • his manuscript notes now in the Mitchell Library, Sydney, and a manuscript entitled A lexicon of the Australian Aboriginal languages in the six dialects of Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, Melbourne, Gippsland, Mount Gambier and Wonnin..., now in the State Library of Victoria. The valuable linguistics data about the various languages in these sources is exemplified, discussed and compared with modem Unguistic studies of the languages concerned. 1. Introduction Kulin Languages 4. Wathawurrung e now know that there were around ten 5. Central Victorian Boonwurrung, Woiwurrung, mutually unintelligible languages spoken in Thagungwurrung Victoria before 1835. Blake and Reid W 6. Western Victorian Djadjawurrung (1998:57) have described this as follows: Grampians Language (mostly Tjapwurrung) "A linguist working with the criterion of mutual Wimmera (Hercus 1986 intelligibility would recognise six languages in Wergaia) central and western Victoria, some of them Wemba-Baraba (Hercus 1986 covering large areas. These widespread languages Wemba Wemba) would not have been recognized as languages by Yeti (Hercus 1986 Madhi the speakers themselves and they have no native Madhi, together with Ledji, name." Wadi) Nari'Nari Blake and Reid list these as: Extending Blake and Reid's definitions, we might regard Language Dialects Yorta Yorta (Bowe and Morey: forthcoming) and 1. Bunganditj Gippsland (Fesl 1985) as two more such macrolanguages. 2. Warmambool Wannon, Kuumkopanut, Apart from some areas of North Eastern Victoria, where Language Pik Wurrung some quite small languages were spoken, these eight 3. Colac appear to have covered most of the state. The various manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas represent one of the largest sources for the Central Victorian Language, and the six largest of the macrolanguages, Bunganditj, Warmambool, VOLUME TWO, NUMBER ONE 45 Previously unexamined texts in Victorian languages: The manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867) Wathawurrung, Central Victorian, Western Victorian and 2.1. Writings on Language by Rev. William Gippsland are the six "dialects" recorded by Thomas Thomas^ (Latrobe MS 6290). See below 2.1.2. 2.1.1. The Succinct Sketch of the Aboriginal Language 2. Rev. William Thomas Thomas was the author of an article entitled Succinct Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867) arrived in Melbourne Sketch of the Aboriginal Language, which was published in in 1838 to take up an appointment as Assistant Protector Smyth (1878 Vol 2:118433). Parts of the Succinct Sketch of the Aborigines. He recorded a large amount of are published versions of portions of a manuscript in the linguistic information about the Aboriginal people of State Library of Victoria, hereinafter referred to as Victoria. Thomas (La Trobe MS 6290). These portiot« are Table 1: Sources of Succinct Sketch Thomas in Brough Smyth La Trobe MS 6290 Main draft source in Mitchell Mitchell MS 214 (other draft (1876) "Succinct Sketch" MS 214 sources) (Microfilm No 527) Grammatical Sketch pi 18- p 14-22 The main draft of the list of Another draft of the verb list is mfl3/\ 120 verbs is 214/2 CY 2605 f^ 9-11 CY 3130 fi-13-15 A draft of the grammatical There is another draft of the sketch is at 214/26/5 CY 3126, fr grammatical sketch in 214/21 CY 2984 226-227 and 214/21 CY 2984 ft fi 59-61& 65-66 17-21 A list of particles (affixed) is given in 214/23/1 CY3130fil7 Pronouns are given in 214/23/1 CY 3130 fV 20 Adverbs etc. are in 214/23/1 CY 3130 fi 16-17, and in 214/23/1 CY 3130 fr 46 Word List - Succinct 214/23/3 CY 3130 fr 162-170 The main draft word lists are 214/23/2 Language - Mort Noular CY 3130 fi 93-116 (Aboriginal - pl20-127 English), fr 53-91 (English- Aboriginal), fr 117-120 (Birds, fishes, etc.) An incomplete vocabulary list is at 214/22 CY 2984 fi 204, 206-216 Draft lists of adjectives are at 214/21 CY 2984 fi 66 and at 214/23/1 CY 3130 fi 18-19 Draft of List of Kindred, Clothing, Animals and Birds 214/21 CY 2984 fr 115-117 Short Sentences - A few p261 (short sentences 214/21 CY 2984 fr 66-68 A draft of the first few short sentences Leading Sentences pl27-8 only) is at 214/21 CY 2984 fi 117 Dialogues pi28-130 p262-265 214/23/2 CY 3130 fr 121-138 Translations of Biblical Psalm cxxi p260 The draft of the Hymn to Old Some earlier drafts of The Lord's Prayer Texts pl30-133 Hundred is in 214/23/5 CY 3130 and The Creed are at 214/26/4 CY Creed p259 fV208 3126, fr 144-145 Lord's Prayer p258 The draft of the Catechism is in There is another version of The Lords 214/23/5 CY 3130 fir 212 Prayer at 214/23/5 CY 3130 fi 225 The drafts of the Creed and The There is a draft of Genesis 1, which Lords Prayer are in 214/22, CY differs from that in Brough Smyth 2984 fi-222-223 (1876), in 214/22 CY 2984 fr 217-221 46 MONASH UNIVERSITY LINGUISTICS PAPERS 1999 Previously unexamined texts in Victorian languages: The manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (1793-1867) themselves compilations of drafts found in different parts Ganai language of Gippsland. In the manuscript, they are of the Thomas papers at the Mitchell Library, hereinafter assigned numbers as follows (pi3): referred to as Thomas (MS 214)- It appears that much of the data in Thomas (MS 214) was collected in the late Ballarat is marked by the figure 1830s and 1840s, although very few parts of the Bacchus Marsh manuscripts relating to language are dated. Melbourne Gippsland Table 1 details the different sections of the Succinct Sketch Mount Gambier and their correspondences with the two Thomas Wonnin manuscripts. As mentioned above, these six correspond with six of the 2.1.2. A Lexicon of the Ausfralian Aboriginal largest macrolanguages once spoken in Victoria, as Languages in the Six Dialects of Ballarat, follows: Bacchus Marsh, Melbourne, Gipps Land, Mount Gambler and Wonnin Ballarat = Western Victorian Wathawurrung Curiously, the draft of the main vocabulary of the Succinct Bacchus Marsh = Central Victorian Sketch (pi20-127) is not found in Thomas (La Trobe MS Melbourne = Gippsland (Ganai) 6290). Rather, there is another much larger vocabulary in Gippsland = Bunganditj MS 6290 which compares "six dialects". The full title of Mount Gambier = Warmambool this large manuscript is: Wonnin = A The contents of Thomas (La Trobe MS 6290) are listed Lexicon below in Table 2: of the Austrahan Aboriginal Table 2: Inventory of Thomas (La Trobe MS 6290) Languages pi-11 Introduction in the pl2 Phonetic Notes Six Dialects of p 13 List of Languages Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, Melbourne, Gipps pl4-22 Grammatical Summary Land, Mount Gambier and Wonnin p23-97 Vocabulary Aboriginal Languages to English with a p98-217 Vocabulary English - Aboriginal Languages Collection of Dialogues and Translations and p218-228 Dialogues - 'Camping', 'Hunting', 'Corroboire' an p229-232 Songs Introductory Essay on the Etymological p233-253 Familiar Phrases Construction of the Language p255-259 Songs & Hymns and p260-265 Bible Translations A Grammatical Summary p268-307 Rough Vocabulary of the Bacchus Marsh, Melbourne and Ballarat dialects. by W Thomas Esq. IT There are actually three vocabulary lists in Thomas (La Guardian of Aborigines Trobe MS 6290): Scribende recti sapere, est et principium et fons Aboriginal Languages to English (Letters L - Y Horace Ars Poet only) (p23-97) The main list, English to Aboriginal (p 98-217) These "six dialects" represent the six most widely spoken Rough list of the Bacchus Marsh, Melbourne and languages in Victoria before 1835, and correspond to five Ballarat "dialects" (p268-307) of the six languages of central and western Victoria identified by Blake and Reid (1998:57), together with the VOLUME TWO, NUMBER ONE 47 Previously unexamined texts in Victorian languages: The manuscripts of Rev. William Thomas (J 793-J 867) An example from the main word list, from English to the Table 5: Example from the Familiar Phrases, various Aboriginal languages, is provided in Table 3: Thomas (La Trobe MS 6290:237) To throw a long spear 1 Y65ng-gak-karrip Table 3: Example of an entry in Thomas (La Trobe 2 Y65ng-gak-g6oyian MS 6290) 3 Y66ng-gak-g66yun Bawl, to 1 Kan-drl-allQn 3 2 Kahn-ah-kah J For this example at least, language no. 1 clearly 3 D59mbah-ganyo5k 2 corresponds to Wathawurrung, as is shown in (1): 4 Gnah-wahn-dyee 5 Ng65r-dr65ny (1) yunga-k karrp 6 Ngoorty-wahn throw-IMP spear 'Throw the spear!' English to Aboriginal Vocabulary (cf. Blake, Clark and Krishna-Pillay 1999) As for language no. 3., in several of the languages/dialects The problem of analysing this manuscript has been further making up the Western Victorian macrolanguage (but compounded by the use of different numbers to refer to not Wembawemba as recorded by Hercus), the word for the languages in different parts of the manuscript. As 'throw' is vuqga (Djadjala, Hercus 1986), and in Djadjala distinct from the order of the languages in the main list the sentence (which corresponds Table 5, No.
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