PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

A genetic map of the People of the British Isles Walter Bodmer Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Oncology University of Oxford PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

• Funded by the Wellcome Trust • Collect 4000+ samples- rural all 4 GPs from same area • Genotype subset of 2000 on 600,000 SNPs • Create genetic map of British Isles • A resource for future disease association studies PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com 2,039 samples PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com 500K SNPs Clustered using genetics Unlinked loci (PCA) Plotted on map PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

0.178 0.128 0.178x0.128 =0.023 0.071

LD = 0.071 – 0.023 = 0.048 Proportion of HF due to LD = 0.048/0.071 = 0.68 PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com An analysis of fine-scale population structure in a UK control population Stephen Leslie, Garrett Hellenthal, Simon Myers, Dan Lawson, Daniel Falush, Peter Donnelly. Orkney Islands

Western Isles PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

Highland

Grampian

Loch Ericht

Tayside

Loch Tay

Loch Earn

Central Fife

Loch Lomond

Carron Valley Reser voir

Lothian

Strathclyde

Borders

Loch Doon Northumberland

Dumfries and G alloway

Tyne and Wear

Nor thern Ireland Durham Hartlepool

Cumbria Stockton−on−Tees Darlington MiddlesbroughRedcar and Cle veland

North Yorkshire

York

East Riding of Yorkshire Lancashire Blackpool

Kingston upon Hull, City of West Yorkshire

Blackburn with Darw en

North Lincolnshire North East Lincolnshire

Greater Manchester South Yorkshire Merseyside

Warrington

Halton

Cheshire

Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire Clwyd

Stoke −on−Trent

Gwynedd Nottingham Derby

Staffordshire

Telford and Wrekin Norfolk Leicestershire Rutland Shropshire Leicester Peterborough

West Midlands

Cambridgeshire Powys Northamptonshire Warwickshire Suffolk Worcestershire

County of Herefordshire Milton Keynes Bedfordshire

Dyfed

Luton

Hertfordshire Gloucestershire Essex Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Gwent

West Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan

Swindon Southend−on−Sea South Gloucestershire Thurrock Slough G reater London Windsor and Maidenhead South Glamorgan Bristol, City of West Berkshire Reading Medway Wokingham Bracknell Forest Nor th Somerset Bath and Nor th East Somerset

Wiltshire Surrey Kent

Somerset Hampshire

West Sussex East Sussex Southampton

Brighton and Hove Portsmouth Dorset Devon PooleBournemouth

Isle of Wight

Torbay Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Plymouth Orkney Island s PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

Wester n Isles

Highland

Grampian

Loch Ericht

Tayside

Loch Tay

Lo ch Earn

Central Fife

Loch Lomond

Carron Valley Reser voir

Lothian

Strathclyde

Borders

Loch Doo n Northumberlan d

Dumfries an d Gallo way

Tyne and Wear

Northern Irela nd Durha m Ha rtlepool

Cumbria Stockton −on−Tees Darlington Mid dlesbroughRedcar and Cle veland

North Yorkshire

York

East Riding of Yorkshire La ncashire Blackpoo l

Kingston upon Hull, City of West Yorkshire Blackburn with Darw en

North Lincolnshire North East Lincoln shire Greater Manchester South Yorkshire Merseyside

Warrington

Halton

Ch eshire

Derbyshire Nottingha mshire L incolnshire Clwyd

Stoke−on −Trent

Gwyne dd Nottingham De rby

Staffordshire

Telford and Wrekin Norfolk Le icestershire Rutland Shropshire L eicester Peterborough

West Midlands

Cambridge shire Powys Northamptonshire Warwickshire Suffolk Worcestershire

County of Herefo rdshire Milton Keynes Bedfordshire

Dyfed

Luton

Her tfordshire Gloucestershire Essex Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Gwent West Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan

Swindon Sou then d−on −Sea South Glou cestershire Thurrock Slo ugh Greater London Windsor an d Maide nhead South Glamorgan Bristol, City of West Ber kshire Read ing Medw ay Wokingham Bra cknell Forest North Somerset Bath and Nor th East Somerset

Wiltshire Surrey Kent

Somerset Hampshire

West Susse x East Sussex Southampton

Brighton and Ho ve Portsmouth Dorset Devon PooleBournemouth

Isle of Wight

Cor nwall and Isles of Scilly Torbay Plymouth Orkney Islands PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

Wester n Isles

Highland

Grampian

Loch Er icht

Tayside

Loch Tay

Loch Ear n

Central Fife

Loch Lomond

Carron Valley Reser voir

Lothian

Strathclyde

Borders

Loch Doon Nor thumberland

Dum fries and Galloway

Tyne and Wear

Northern Ireland Durham Hartlepool

Cumbr ia Darlington Stockton−on−TeesMiddlesbrough Redcar and Cleveland

North Yorkshire

York

East Riding of Yorkshire Lancashire Blackpool Kingston upon Hull, City of West Yorkshire Blackbur n with Darwen

Nor th Lincolnshire North East Lincolnshire Greater Manchester South Yorkshire Merseyside

Warr ington

Halton

Cheshire

Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire Clwyd

Stoke−on−Trent

Gwynedd Nottingham Derby

Staffordshire

Telford and Wrekin Norfolk Leicestershire Rutland Leicester Shropshire Peterborough

West Midlands

Cambridgeshire Powys Warwickshire Nor thamptonshire Suffolk Worcestershire

County of Heref ordshire Milton Keynes Bedfordshire

Dyfed

Luton

Her tfordshire Gloucestershire Essex Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Gwent West Glamorgan M id Glamorgan

Swindon Southend−on−Sea South Gloucestershire Slough Greater London Thurrock Windsor and Maidenhead South Glamorgan Bristol, City of Reading Medway West Berkshire Wokingham Bracknell Forest North Somerset Bath and Nor th East Somerset

Wiltshire Surrey Kent

Somerset Ham pshire

West Sussex East Sussex Southampton

Brighton and Hove Portsmouth Dorset Devon PooleBour nemouth

Isle of Wight

Cor nwall and Isles of Scilly Torbay Plymouth Orkney Islands PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

Western Isles

Highland

Grampian

Loch Ericht

Tayside

Loch Tay

Loch Ear n

Central Fife

Loch Lomond

Carron Valley Reser voir

Lothian

Strathclyde

Borders

Loch Doon Northumberland

Dumfries and Galloway

Tyne and Wear

Northern Ireland Durham Hartlepool

Cumbr ia Stockton−on−Tees Darlington MiddlesbroughRedcar and Cleveland

North Yorkshire

York

East Riding of Yor kshire Lancashire Blackpool Kingston upon Hull, City of West Yorkshire Blackbur n with Darwen

Nor th Lincolnshire Nor th East Lincolnshire Greater Manchester South Yor kshire Merseyside

Warr ington

Halton

Cheshire

Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire Clwyd

Stoke−on−Trent

Gwynedd Nottingham Derby

Staffordshire

Telford and Wrekin Norfolk Leicestershire Rutland Shropshire Leicester Peterborough

West Midlands

Cambr idgeshire Powys Warwickshire Nor thamptonshire Suffolk Worcestershire

County of Heref ordshire Milton Keynes Bedfordshire

Dyfed

Luton

Hertfordshire Gloucestershire Essex Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Gwent West Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan

Swindon Southend−on−Sea South Gloucestershire Slough Greater London Thurrock Windsor and Maidenhead South Glamorgan Br istol, City of West Ber kshire Reading Medway Wokingham Bracknell Forest North Somerset Bath and Nor th East Somerset

Wiltshire Surrey Kent

Somerset Hampshire

West Sussex East Sussex Southampton

Brighton and Hove Por tsmouth Dorset Devon PooleBournemouth

Isle of Wight

Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Torbay Plymouth Orkney Islands

Western Isles PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

Highland

Grampian

Loch Ericht

Tayside

Loch Tay

Loch Earn

Central Fife

Loch Lomond

Carron Valley Reservoir

Lothian

Strathclyde

Borders

Loch Doon Nor thumberland

Dumfries and Galloway

Tyne and Wear

Northern Ireland Durham Har tlepool

Cumbr ia Stockton−on−Tees Darlington MiddlesbroughRedcar and Cleveland

North Yorkshire

Yor k

East Riding of Yorkshire Lancashire Blackpool Kingston upon Hull, City of West Yorkshire Blackburn with Darwen

Nor th Lincolnshire Nor th East Lincolnshire Greater Manchester South Yorkshire Merseyside

Warrington

Halton

Cheshire

Derbyshire Nottinghamshire Lincolnshire Clwyd

Stoke−on−Trent

Gwynedd Nottingham Derby

Staffordshire

Telford and Wrekin Norfolk Leicestershire Rutland Shropshire Leicester Peterborough

West Midlands

Cambridgeshire Powys Northamptonshire Warwickshire Suffolk Worcestershire

County of Herefordshire Milton Keynes Bedfordshire

Dyfed

Luton

Her tfordshire Gloucestershire Essex Buckinghamshire Oxfordshire Gwent West Glamorgan Mid Glamorgan

Swindon Southend−on−Sea South Gloucestershire Thurrock Slough Greater London Windsor and Maidenhead South Glamorgan Bristol, City of Reading Medway West Berkshire Wokingham Bracknell Forest North Somerset Bath and North East Somerset

Wiltshire Surrey Kent

Somerset Hampshire

West Sussex East Sussex Southampton

Br ighton and Hove Portsmouth Dorset Devon PooleBournemouth

Isle of Wight

Cor nwall and Isles of Scilly Torbay Plymouth PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

4.4 times more likely to be Ancient British than Norse. But has Norse Y type M17 1881 1998 PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com

DH: top area Llandudno in 1881 and 1998 21.3 times more likely to be Welsh than Anglo-Saxon 5.3 times more likely to be from the Celtic/Ancient British Fringe than Anglo-Saxon Peopling of the British Isles: PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com a brief history

• First settlers after ice age ~12,000YBP; land bridge till at least 10,000YBP

• Arrival of agriculture ~6000YBP

• Roman invasion AD 43 – 410

• Saxon settlement AD 410 – 720

• Viking migration AD 800 – 950

• Norman invasion AD 1066 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com 1 11

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24 19 17 16 17 PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com Acknowledgements

• Bruce Winney, Peter Donnelly • Wellcome Trust • Irina Evseeva, Susan Tonks, Yang Xiaofeng, Chikodi Echeta, Abdelhamid Boumertit,Tammy Day, Ellen Royrvik, kristin Nicodemus, Dan Davison, Stephen Leslie • Garrett Hellenthal, Simon Myers, Dan Lawson, Daniel Falush • Tim Bishop, John Burn, Ron Dixon, Tim Frayling, Barbara Jennings, Steve Marsh, Derek Middleton, Cristina Navarrete, Julian Sampson, Jan Tawn, Malcolm Taylor, Stan Urbaniak • Barry Cunliffe Mark Robinson