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Don Giovanni Music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ● Libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte Study Guide to the Opera

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Characters of the Opera A Prolific Composer Don Giovanni Synopsis by Jill Leahy Time—the mid-seventeenth century Don Giovanni Born on January 27, 1756 Place—Seville, Spain [dohn joh-VAH-nee] bass-baritone in Salzburg, Austria, his full given

A young nobleman and great seducer names were Johannes Chrysostomos ACT I. Spain, 1600s. At night, outside the Commendatore's palace, of women, he kills the angry Wolfgang Theophilus. Today, most Leporello grumbles about his duties ( "Notte e giorno faticar" ) as servant to Commendatore after seducing his call him Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Don Giovanni, a dissolute nobleman. Soon the masked Don appears, pursued daughter, Donna Anna. with Amadeus being the Latin version of the Greek Theophilus. by Donna Anna, the Commendatore's daughter, whom he has tried to seduce. Mozart playing Don Juan for the first time in Vienna When the Commendatore himself answers Anna's cries, he is killed in a duel Leporello His life story is told often, and with each telling facts and fiction are by Giovanni, who escapes. Anna now returns with her fiancé, Don Ottavio. [leh-poh-REHL-loh] bass Don Giovanni’s uphappy servant, who intertwined. [See Amadeus , a 1984 period drama film directed by Miloš Finding her father dead, she makes Ottavio swear vengeance on the assassin Forman and written by Peter Shaffer.] Nevertheless, he remains one of the ("Ma qual mai s'offre, o dei" ). must keep watch during the Don’s conquests. Leporello warns Donna most well-known and beloved composers of classical music. There’s no question he was a child prodigy with exceptional musical ability. His father, At dawn, Giovanni flirts with a high-strung traveler outside a tavern. She turns Elvira of Giovanni’s sketchy ways. Don Juan and the statue of the Commander , Leopold, ensured that he traveled to the major musical cities and venues out to be Donna Elvira, a woman he once seduced in Burgos, who is on his Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard, circa 1830-1835. where he could be introduced to many important people of his day, with the trail. Giovanni escapes while Leporello distracts Elvira by reciting his master's Donna Anna intention that Mozart would acquire wealthy patrons who would generously long catalog of conquests ( "Madamina, il catalogo è questo" ). Peasants arrive, celebrating the nuptials of [DOH-nah AH-nah] soprano reward his talents. their friends Zerlina and Masetto. When Giovanni joins in, he pursues the bride, angering the groom, who is The Commendatore’s daughter, who removed by Leporello. Alone with Zerlina, the Don applies his charm ( "Là ci darem la mano" ), but Elvira seeks revenge for her father’s murder. Most Mozart biographers agree that he excelled in virtually every genre and interrupts and protectively whisks the girl away. When Elvira returns to denounce him as a seducer ( "Non ti type of musical composition. He composed over 600 works and, during his fidar, o misera" ), Giovanni is stymied further while greeting Anna, now in mourning, and Ottavio. Declaring Donna Elvira final years in Vienna, he created many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas. He would probably be considered a multi-tasker in Elvira mad, he leads her off. Anna, having recognized his voice, realizes Giovanni was her attacker. [DOH-nah ell-VEE-rah] soprano A noblewoman from Burgos, previously today’s jargon, because he often had several projects going at the same

seduced by Don Giovanni, only to be time. While he had success during his life, political circumstances (the Dressing for the wedding feast he has planned for the peasants, Giovanni exuberantly downs champagne abandoned by him three days later. Austro-Turkish war) affected the aristocracy’s ability to pay musicians, ("Finch'han dal vino" ). Outside the palace, Zerlina begs Masetto to forgive her apparent infidelity ( "Presto, forcing Mozart to travel outside Vienna for work. And even though his presto, pria ch'ei venga" ). Masetto hides when the Don appears, emerging from the shadows as Giovanni Don Ottavio fortunes improved in 1791, his health unfortunately took a bad turn while he corners Zerlina ( "Riposate, vezzose ragazze!" ). The three enter the palace together ( "Venite pur avanti" ). [dohn oh-TAH-vee-oh] tenor was anxiously trying to finish a commissioned work, the Requiem Mass in Elvira, Anna, and Ottavio are invited to the feast by Leporello. Adoring fiancé of Donna Anna, he D minor . Mozart died at the age of 35 on December 5, 1791. The Requiem seeks to avenge the Commendatore’s was later finished by his student Franz Xaver Süssmayr. During the festivities, Leporello entices Masetto into the dance as Giovanni draws Zerlina out of the room. murder. When the girl's cries for help put him on the spot, Giovanni tries to blame Leporello, but no one is convinced. The Librettist of Venice by Jill Leahy Elvira ( "Ecco il birbo che t'ha offesa" ), Anna, and Ottavio unmask and confront Giovanni, who barely Zerlina escapes Ottavio's drawn sword. [tser-LEE-nah] soprano What a storied life Lorenzo da Ponte led! Friends with Intermission A peasant betrothed to Masetto. Don Casanova, Salieri, Mozart. A priest, a poet, a ACT II. ("Sola, sola, in buio loco" ) Under Elvira's balcony, Leporello exchanges cloaks with Giovanni to Giovanni tries to seduce her before her philanderer, and the first professor of Italian Literature at Columbia College (now Columbia University). woo the lady in his master's stead. Leporello leads Elvira off, leaving the Don free to serenade Elvira's maid. wedding.

When Masetto passes with a band of armed peasants bent on punishing Giovanni, the disguised rake gives In 1749, Emmanuele Conegliano was born in a them false directions, then beats up Masetto. Zerlina arrives and tenderly consoles her betrothed. Commendatore Jewish ghetto near Venice. When he was 14, his [koh-mehn-dah-TOR-eh] bass widowed father remarried a Catholic, which required In a passageway, Elvira and Leporello are surprised by Anna, Ottavio, Zerlina ( "Mille torbidi pensieri" ), Father of Donna Anna who fights Don the family to convert. As was the custom, Emmanuele and Masetto, who, mistaking servant for master, threaten Leporello. Frightened, he unmasks and escapes. Giovanni out of anger for seducing his adopted the name of the Bishop who baptized him— When Anna departs, Ottavio affirms his confidence in their love. Elvira, frustrated at her second betrayal by daughter. Don Giovanni kills him. Lorenzo da Ponte. As a young man, he discovered Lorenzo da Ponte (1749—1838) the Don, voices her rage. Leporello catches up with his master in a cemetery, where a voice warns Giovanni the beauty of poetry and books; he trained for the priesthood and for of his doom. This is the statue of the Commendatore, which the Don proposes Leporello invite to dinner Masetto teaching. He was ordained, but soon found himself in trouble because ("O statua gentilissima" ). When the servant reluctantly stammers an invitation, the statue accepts. [mah-ZEH-toh] bass of his liberal political views and his affairs with married women. For 15 A peasant betrothed to Zerlina. years, he lived in exile in Venice. Eventually, he made his way to In her home, Anna, still in mourning, puts off Ottavio's offer of marriage until her father is avenged. Vienna and met composers Antonio Salieri and Mozart, with whom he Musicians Leporello is serving Giovanni's dinner ( "Già la mensa è preparata" ) when Elvira rushes in, begging the collaborated on Le nozze di Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and Peasants Così fan tutte (1790). Don, whom she still loves, to reform ( "L'ultima prova dell'amor mio" ). But, he waves her out Attendants contemptuously. At the door, her screams announce the Commendatore's statue. Giovanni boldly refuses Maskers After Mozart’s death, Lorenzo da Ponte moved to Paris and then to warnings to repent, even in the face of death ( "Don Giovanni, a cenar teco" ). Flames engulf his house, Villagers London. There, he worked on operas with other composers, including and the sinner is dragged to hell. Ladies Cimarosa. After declaring bankruptcy, da Ponte left London for America Servants to elude creditors. In New York he opened a bookstore and gave Italian Among the castle ruins, the others plan their future and recite the moral: such is the fate of a wrongdoer. Officers of Justice language and literature lessons to private students. In addition to his by John W. Freeman, courtesy of Opera News Chorus of Demons other writing, he left a legacy of 28 librettos written for 11 composers.