Syllabus Laboratory Activity Histology
Chapter 3 Biomedik 1
EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Writter : Maya Tejasari
A Sequence I. Introduction : 30 min II. Pre Test : III. Activity Lab : 120 min - Discussion 30 min - Identify 90 min IV. Post Test :
B Topic 1. Microstructure of the epithelial tissue 2. Microstructure of the connective tissue
C Venue Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic Universtity
D Equipment 1. Light microscopy
2. Stained tissue section :
1. Simple squamous epithelium 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Simple columnar epithelium Epithelial Tissue 4. Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 5. Non keratinized squamous epithelium 6. Keratinized squamous epithelium 7. Transisional epithelium 8. Loose connective tissue Connective tissue 9.Dense regular connective tissue 10.Dense irregular connective tissue 11. Hyaline cartilage 12. Elastine cartilage Cartilage 13. Fibrous cartilage
3. Colouring pencils
1
E Pre-requisite Before following the laboratory activity, the students must prepare :
1. Draw the schematic picture of each type of epithelial tissue microstructure and give explanation 2. Draw the schematic picture of each type of connective tissue microstructure and give explanation - Loose connective tissue - Dense regular connective tissue - Dense irregular connective tissue - Reticular/haematopoeietic tissue 3. Draw the schematic picture of cartilage (elastic, hyaline and fibrous) and give explanation
- Content lab in manual book ( pre and post test will be taken from the manual, if scorring pre test less than 50, can not allowed thelab activity ) - Bring your text book, reference book e.q atlas of Histology, e-book etc. ( minimal 1 atlas each group). - Bring colouring pencils for drawing
F Activity Lab 1. Students will be divided into groups 2. Discussion in 30 minute 3. Identify tissue section using light microscopy and draw it , in 90 minute
4. LIST MICROSTRUCTURE IDENTIFY REVIEW ( give the checklist √ if you have already known)
A. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Please make a schematic draw of the epithelial tissue in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.
Figure 1. Simple squamous epithelium Section of : Bladder (serous layer) Staining : H.E. Code : E – 1
2
Identify : 1. serous layer 2. simple squamous epithelium 3. nuclei of epithelial cells
3
Figure 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium Section of : Choroid plexus of cerebrum Staining : H.E. Code : E – 2
Identify : 1. Choroid plexus 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium
4
Figure 3. Simple columnar epithelium Section of : Stomach Staining : H.E. Code : E – 3
Identify : 1. Mucous layer 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells 2. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Basement membrane
5
Figure 4. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Section of : Trachea Staining : H.E. Code : E – 7
Identify : 1. Mucous layer 5. Cilia 2. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium 6. Goblet cell 3. Columnar cell 7. Basement membrane 4. Basal cell
6
Figure 5. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Section of : Oesophagus Staining : H.E. Code : E – 4
Identify : 1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells 2. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium 5. Surface cells 3. Basal cells 6. Basement membrane
7
Figure 6. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Section of : Skin of palm Staining : H.E. Code : E – 5
Identify : 1. Epidermis 5. Lucidum’s layer 2. Basal layer 6. Corneum’s layer 3. Polyhedral / Spinosum’s layer 4. Granulosum’s layer
8
Figure 7. Transitional epithelium Section of : Bladder (mucous layer) Staining : H.E. Code : E – 6
Identify : 1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells 2. Transitional epithelium 5. Dome shape cells/squamous cells 3. Basal cells
9
B. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Please make a schematic draw of the connective tissue in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.
Figure 1. Loose connective tissue Section : Serous layer of colon Staining : H.E. Code : I-3
Identify : 1. Fibroblast 6. Macrophage (if any) 2. Lymphocyte 7. Plasma cell (if any) 3. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte 8. Eosinophil (if any) 4. Adipose cell 9. Fibers 5. Mast cell (if any) 10. Ground substance
10
Figure 2. Regular dense connective tissue Section of : Tendon Staining : H.E. Code : I-8 (longitudinal section) I-9 (cross section) Longitudinal section
1. Bundle of collagenous fibers 2. Peritendineum 3. Fibroblast
Cross section
1. Bundle of collagenous fibers 2. Peritendineum 3. Fibroblast
11
Figure 3. The elastic tissue
Section of : Ligamentum nuchae Staining : H.E. Code : I-6 (longitudinal section) I-7 (cross section) Longitudinal section
1. Elastic fibers 2. Collagen fibers 3. Fibroblast
Cross section
1. Elastic fibers 2. Fibroblast
12
Figure 4. The reticular connective tissue
Section : Lymph node Staining : Bielschowsky/AgNO3 Code : I-4
1. Reticular fibers 2. Reticuloendothelial cell 3. Lymphocyte
13
Figure 5. Gelatinous tissue (Mucous tissue, Wharton’s jelly) Section of : Umbilical cord Staining : H.E. Code : I-2
1. Ground substance 4. Collagen fiber 2. Fibroblast 5. Umbilical artery 3. Protoplasmic process of fibroblast 6. Umbilical venous
14
Figure 6. The mesenchymal tissue Section of : Embryo Staining : H.E. Code : I-1
1. Mesenchymal cell 3. Ground substance 2. Protoplasmic process of mesenchymal cell
Figure 7. The monovacuolar adipose tissue. Section of : Subcutis Staining : H.E. Code : I-10
1. Adipose cell 2. Nucleus of adipose cell 3. Vacuole
15
Figure 8. The multilocular adipose tissue Section of : Interscapular adipose tissue Staining : H.E, Code : I-11
1. Multilocular cell 3. Vacuole 2. Nucleus of multilocular cell 4. Monovacuolar cell
16
17
C. CARTILAGE
Please make a schematic draw of the cartilage and bone in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil.
Figure 1. Hyaline cartilage Section of : Trachea Staining : H.E. Code : C-2
1. Perichondrium 2. Chondroblast 3. Chondrocyte 4. Lacuna 5. Isogenic cells. 6. Ground substance a. Territorial matrix b. Interritorial matrix
17
18
Figure 2. Elastic cartilage Section of : Auricle Staining : Orcein Code : C-3
1. Perichondrium 4. Ground substance 2. Chondroblast 5. Elastic fibers 3. Chondrocyte
18
19
Figure 3. Fibrocartilage Section of : Intervertebral disc Staining : H. E. Code : C-4
1. Chain of chondrocytes 2. Ground substance 3. Collagenous fibers
G Reference 1. Junqueria, Carneirro, Basic Histology
2. de'Fiore, Atlas of Histology
19
20
======
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Epithelial tissues are composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with very little extracellular substance.
These cells have strong adhesion due to adhesion molecules, membrane interdigitations, and intercellular junctions.
These features allow the cells to form cellular sheets that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities or are arranged as three-dimensional secretory units.
The principal functions of epithelial (Gr. epi, upon, + thele, nipple) tissues are :
- The covering and lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines), - Absorption (eg, intestines), - Secretion (eg, glands), - Sensation (eg, gustative and olfactory neuroepithelium), - Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells).
Because epithelial cells line all external and internal surfaces of the body, everything that enters or leaves the body must cross an epithelial sheet.
Almost all epithelial cells, rest on a connective tissue. In the case of epithelia that line the cavity of internal organs (especially the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems) this layer of connective tissue is often called lamina propria.
The lamina propria serves to support the epithelium, provides nutrition and binds it to neighboring structures.
The portion of the epithelial cells that faces the connective tissue is called the basal pole, whereas the opposite side, usually facing a space, is called the apical pole.
The surface of the apical pole is also called the free surface, whereas the surfaces that are apposed to neighbor cells are called lateral surfaces.
Most epithelial cells are separated from the connective tissue by a sheet of extracellular material called the basal lamina, consisting of a delicate network of very fine fibrils (lamina densa). In addition, basal laminae may have an electron-lucent layer on one or both sides of the lamina densa, called lamina rara or lamina lucida.
20
21
Apical pole
Lateral pole
Basal lamina Basal pole
Epithelia are divided into two main groups according to their structure and function: covering epithelia and glandular epithelia.
Covering epithelia can be classificied according to number of cell layers and structure of the surface cells) Table 4–2. Common Types of Covering Epithelia in the Human Body.
Type Cell Form Examples of Main Function Distribution Simple Squamous Lining of vessels Facilitates the movement of the (endothelium). viscera (mesothelium), active Serous lining of transport by pinocytosis cavities; pericardium, (mesothelium and endothelium), pleura, peritoneum secretion of biologically active (mesothelium). molecules (mesothelium). Cuboidal Covering the ovary, Covering, secretion. thyroid. Columnar Lining of intestine, Protection, lubrication, gallbladder. absorption, secretion. Pseudostratified Some columnar and Lining of trachea, Protection, secretion; cilia- some cuboidal bronchi, nasal cavity. mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus. Stratified Surface layer Epidermis. Protection; prevents water loss. squamous keratinized (dry) Surface layer Mouth, esophagus, Protection, secretion; prevents squamous larynx, vagina, anal water loss. nonkeratinized (moist) canal. Cuboidal Sweat glands, Protection, secretion. developing ovarian follicles. Transitional: domelike Bladder, ureters, Protection, distensibility. to flattened, renal calyces. depending on the
21
22
functional state of the organ Columnar Conjunctiva. Protection.
A. Simple epithelium - Squamous : Mesothelium (digestive,lungs,heart), ndothelium (blood vessels, lymphatic vessels) - Cuboid : Small excretory ducts - Columnar Non Ciliated : Covers digestive organs (Microvilli small intestine) Ciliated Respiatory passages, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles , epididimys,vas deferens - Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
B. Stratified epithelium - Squamous Keratinized : skin (epidermis) Non keratinized : mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, vagina. Anal - Cuboid ; sweat gland - Columnar ; conjungtiva - Transitional ; Urinary system (major calyxes,ureter,bladder)
22
23
CONNECTIVE TISSUE A. Classification :
B. Function & distribution
Loose connective tissue
- Fills spaces between groups of muscle cells - Supports epithelial tissue - Forms a layer that sheathes the lymphatic and blood vessels.
Also found in the :
23
24
- Papillary layer of the dermis - Hypodermis - Serosal linings of peritoneal and pleural cavities - Glands and the mucous membranes (wet membranes that line the hollow organs) supporting the epithelial cells.
Dense connective tissue Offer resistance and protection. Irregular dense connective tissue is encountered in areas such as the dermis. Regular dense connective tissue found in tendon.
CARTILAGE
24
25
Simple squamous epithelium
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
25
26
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
26
27
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
27
28
Dense regular connective tissue
Loose connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
28
29
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
29
30
30