ATG9 Regulates Autophagosome Progression from the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis
ATG9 regulates autophagosome progression from the endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis Xiaohong Zhuanga,b,1, Kin Pan Chunga,b,1, Yong Cuia,b,1, Weili Lina,b, Caiji Gaoa,b,2, Byung-Ho Kanga,b, and Liwen Jianga,b,c,3 aCentre for Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; bState Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; and cThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China Edited by Diane C. Bassham, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Maarten J. Chrispeels December 8, 2016 (received for review October 6, 2016) Autophagy is a conserved pathway for bulk degradationofcytoplasmic autophagy pathway because ATG9 was required for the biogenesis material by a double-membrane structure named the autophagosome. of ER-derived compartments during the unfolded protein response The initiation of autophagosome formation requires the recruitment of (9). However, whether ATG9 plays a direct role in the early stages autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) vesicles to the preautophagosomal of autophagosome formation or in a specific autophagy process structure. However, the functional relationship between ATG9 vesicles remainstobeinvestigatedinplants.Onemajorchallengeisthelack and the phagophore is controversial in different systems, and the mo- of morphologically informative visualization that might correlate the lecular function of ATG9 remains unknown in plants. Here, we demon- early autophagosomal structures and ATG9 vesicles in real-time and strate that ATG9 is essential for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived in three dimensions. autophagosome formation in plants.
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