Anatomy and Physiology Male Reproductive System References
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
A Handy Guide to the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts
BASICS OF LIFE BY LES SELLNOW eproduction in all species borders on the miraculous. at the reproductive organs of both the mare and the stallion How else can one describe a process where two infini- and discuss just how they function in their effort to produce Rtesimal entities, one from the male, the other from the another “miracle.” Once again, sources are too numerous to female, join forces to produce living, breathing offspring? mention, other than to say that much of the basic informa- Reproductive capability or success varies by species. Mice tion on reproduction available today stems from research at and rabbits, for example, are prolific producers of offspring. such institutions as Colorado State University, Texas A&M Horses, on the other hand, fall into a category where it is University, and the University of Minnesota. There are many much more chancy. others involved in reproductive research, but much of the in- When horses ran wild, this wasn’t a serious problem. There formation utilized in this article emanated from those three were so many of them that their numbers continued to ex- institutions. pand even though birth rate often was dictated by the avail- ability of food and water. Once the horse was domesticated, The Mare however, organized reproduction became the order of the We’ll begin with the mare because her role in the repro- day. Stables that depend on selling the offspring of stallions ductive process is more complicated than that of the stallion. and mares have an economic stake in breeding success. Yet, Basically, the mare serves four functions: the process continues to be less than perfect, with success 1) She produces eggs or ova; rates hovering in the 65-70% range, and sometimes lower. -
1 Male Checklist Male Reproductive System Components of the Male
Male Checklist Male Reproductive System Components of the male Testes; accessory glands and ducts; the penis; and reproductive system the scrotum. Functions of the male The male reproductive system produces sperm cells that reproductive system can be transferred to the female, resulting in fertilization and the formation of a new individual. It also produces sex hormones responsible for the normal development of the adult male body and sexual behavior. Penis The penis functions as the common outlet for semen (sperm cells and glandular secretions) and urine. The penis is also the male copulatory organ, containing tissue that can fill with blood resulting in erection of the penis. Prepuce A fold of skin over the distal end of the penis. Circumcision is the surgical removal of the prepuce. Corpus spongiosum A spongy body consisting of erectile tissue. It surrounds the urethra. Sexual excitement can cause erectile tissue to fill with blood. As a result, the penis becomes erect. Glans penis The expanded, distal end of the corpus spongiosum. It is also called the head of the penis. Bulb of the penis The proximal end of the corpus spongiosum. Bulbospongiosus muscle One of two skeletal muscles surrounding the bulb of the penis. At the end of urination, contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles forces any remaining urine out of the urethra. During ejaculation, contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles ejects semen from the penis. Contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles compresses the corpus spongiosum, helping to maintain an erection. Corpus cavernosum One of two spongy bodies consisting of erectile tissue that (pl., corpora cavernosa) form the sides and front of the penis. -
Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System 1 Human Physiology/The Male Reproductive System
Human Physiology/The male reproductive system 1 Human Physiology/The male reproductive system ← The endocrine system — Human Physiology — The female reproductive system → Homeostasis — Cells — Integumentary — Nervous — Senses — Muscular — Blood — Cardiovascular — Immune — Urinary — Respiratory — Gastrointestinal — Nutrition — Endocrine — Reproduction (male) — Reproduction (female) — Pregnancy — Genetics — Development — Answers Introduction In simple terms, reproduction is the process by which organisms create descendants. This miracle is a characteristic that all living things have in common and sets them apart from nonliving things. But even though the reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, it is not essential to keeping an individual alive. In human reproduction, two kinds of sex cells or gametes are involved. Sperm, the male gamete, and an egg or ovum, the female gamete must meet in the female reproductive system to create a new individual. For reproduction to occur, both the female and male reproductive systems are essential. While both the female and male reproductive systems are involved with producing, nourishing and transporting either the egg or sperm, they are different in shape and structure. The male has reproductive organs, or genitals, that are both inside and outside the pelvis, while the female has reproductive organs entirely within the pelvis. The male reproductive system consists of the testes and a series of ducts and glands. Sperm are produced in the testes and are transported through the reproductive ducts. These ducts include the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra. The reproductive glands produce secretions that become part of semen, the fluid that is ejaculated from the urethra. These glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. -
St. Lawrence School Subject
St. Lawrence School Subject - Science Class - 4 Chapter - 3 Human Body : Digestive and Excetory System ( Part - 1 ) Learn about * Digestive system * Excretory system * Healthy eating habits Digestive System The process by which food is broken down into a simpler form so that it can be easily taken in or absorbed by our body is called digestion. Many organs work together and help in the process of digestion. The mouth, food pipe, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, rectum, and anus are the main organs of the digestive system. Let us learn about them. Mouth Digestion starts in the mouth. The teeth help to break down and chew food. The chewed food then mixes with a liquid, called saliva, produced in our mouth. It makes the food softer and easier to swallow. The tongue helps in the proper mixing of saliva with the food. Food pipe The food pipe ( oesophagus ) passes the food from the mouth to the stomach. Stomach Inside the stomach, the food is broken down further into smaller pieces by churning and with the help of chemicals called digestive juices. Small intestine From the small intestine, the undigested food passes into the large intestine. The large intestine is a shorter but wider, tube - like structure, which collects the indigestible food from the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water from this undigested food and forms waste products called faeces. Rectum Rectum is the final part of the large intestine. Faeces are stored in the rectum for a short time before being passed out through anus. Anus Faeces are removed from the body through the anus. -
Urinary Bladder – Proteinaceous Plug
Urinary bladder – Proteinaceous Plug Figure Legend: Figure 1 An eosinophilic amorphous proteinaceous plug in the bladder lumen from a male B6C3F1 mouse in a chronic study. Figure 2 A proteinaceous plug associated with other flocculent, eosinophilic material, from a male F344/N rat in an acute study. Comment: Proteinaceous plugs are commonly noted as a postmortem change resulting from an agonal secretion of accessory sex gland fluids during euthanasia. Proteinaceous plugs vary in size but can be large, filling the urinary bladder (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Microscopically, the plug is composed of a mixture of an amorphous eosinophilic material, sometimes containing desquamated epithelial cells and spermatozoa. Proteinaceous plugs by themselves have no toxicologic importance and are not precursors of calculi. Plugs may be seen with obstructive syndromes associated with bacterial inflammation. They must be differentiated from calculi. Recommendation: Proteinaceous plugs occurring alone and not associated with any pathologic lesions should be recognized as an artifact and should not be diagnosed. Occasionally, proteinaceous plugs are recognized grossly, and the pathologist should use his or her judgment to correlate the gross lesion to an artifactual proteinaceous plug. 1 Urinary bladder – Proteinaceous Plug References: Gaillard ET. 1999. Ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. In: Pathology of the Mouse: Reference and Atlas (Maronpot RR, Boorman GA, Gaul BW, eds). Cache River Press, Vienna, IL, 235– 258. Abstract: http://www.cacheriverpress.com/books/pathmouse.htm Hard GC, Alden CL, Bruner RH, Frith CH, Lewis RM, Owen RA, Krieg K, Durchfeld-Meyer B. 1999. Non-proliferative lesions of the kidney and lower urinary tract in rats. -
Male Reproductive System 2
Male Reproductive System 2 1. Excretory genital ducts 2. The ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles 3. The prostate 4. The bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands 5. The penis 6. The scrotum and spermatic cord SPLANCHNOLOGY Male reproductive system ° Male reproductive system, systema genitalia masculina: V a part of the human reproductive process ° Male reproductive organs, organa genitalia masculina: V internal genital organs: testicle, testis epididymis, epididymis ductus deferens, ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius prostate gland, prostata V external genital organs: penis, penis scrotum, scrotum bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Ductus (vas) deferens ° Ductus (vas) deferens: V a straight thick-walled muscular tube V transports sperm cells from the epididymis V length 45-50 cm V diameter 2.5-3 mm ° Anatomical parts: V testicular part V funicular part V inguinal part – 4 cm V pelvic part ° Ampulla ductus deferentis: V length 3-4 cm; diameter 1 cm V ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – 5-6 longitudinal folds: V lamina epithelialis – bilayered columnar epithelium with stereocilia V lamina propria: dense connective tissue elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner longitudinal layer – in the initial portion V circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY Seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ° Seminal vesicle, vesicula (glandula) seminalis: V a pair of simple tubular glands – two highly tortuous tubes V posterior to the urinary bladder V length 4-5 (15) cm V diameter 1 cm ° Macroscopic anatomy: V anterior and posterior part V excretory duct Prof. -
Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Review Article Management of Long-Segment and Panurethral Stricture Disease
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Urology Volume 2015, Article ID 853914, 15 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/853914 Review Article Management of Long-Segment and Panurethral Stricture Disease Francisco E. Martins,1,2 Sanjay B. Kulkarni,3 Pankaj Joshi,3 Jonathan Warner,4 and Natalia Martins2 1 Department of Urology, Hospital Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, School of Medicine, 1600-161 Lisbon, Portugal 2ULSNA-Hospital de Portalegre, 7300-074 Portalegre, Portugal 3Kulkarni Reconstructive Urology Center, Pune 411038, India 4City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Francisco E. Martins; [email protected] Received 10 October 2015; Accepted 5 November 2015 Academic Editor: Kostis Gyftopoulos Copyright © 2015 Francisco E. Martins et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Long-segment urethral stricture or panurethral stricture disease, involving the different anatomic segments of anterior urethra, is a relatively less common lesion of the anterior urethra compared to bulbar stricture. However, it is a particularly difficult surgical challenge for the reconstructive urologist. The etiology varies according to age and geographic location, lichen sclerosus being the most prevalent in some regions of the globe. Other common and significant causes are previous endoscopic urethral manipulations (urethral catheterization, cystourethroscopy, and transurethral resection), previous urethral surgery, trauma, inflammation, and idiopathic. The iatrogenic causes are the most predominant in the Western or industrialized countries, and lichen sclerosus isthe most common in India. Several surgical procedures and their modifications, including those performed in one or more stages and with the use of adjunct tissue transfer maneuvers, have been developed and used worldwide, with varying long-term success. -
The Scrotoschisis About a Case in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital
Open Journal of Pediatrics, 2021, 11, 238-242 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojped ISSN Online: 2160-8776 ISSN Print: 2160-8741 The Scrotoschisis about a Case in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital Balla Keita, Mamadou Alpha Touré*, Mamadou Madiou Barry, Mohamed Lamine Sacko et Lamine Camara Pediatric Surgery Department of the Donka CHU National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea How to cite this paper: Keita, B., Touré, Abstract M.A., Barry, M.M. and et Lamine Camara, M.L.S. (2021) The Scrotoschisis about a Introduction: Scrotoschisis is a very rare congenital defect of the scrotum Case in the Pediatric Surgery Department characterized by the exteriorization of one or two testes. We report a case of of the Donka National Hospital. Open Jour- right scrotoschisis in a newborn as well as a review of the literature for an ap- nal of Pediatrics, 11, 238-242. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojped.2021.112023 proach of probable etiology. Patient and Observation: A newborn baby of 8 hours of life, weighing 3200 g was referred to our department for a right Received: February 21, 2021 scrotal defect with exteriorization of the testis associated with fluid swelling of Accepted: June 5, 2021 the left bursa. The 18-year-old mother, primiparous and primigeste followed Published: June 8, 2021 all the prenatal consultations with eutocic delivery. After clinical investigation Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and the diagnosis of right scrotosisis and left hydrocele was retained. Surgical Scientific Research Publishing Inc. treatment was carried out by primary closure after orchidopexy and explora- This work is licensed under the Creative tion of the contralateral bursa, the content of which was calcified meconium Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). -
Review Article Sonographic Evaluation of Fetal Scrotum, Testes
Review Article Sonographic evaluation of fetal scrotum, testes and epididymis Álvaro López Soto, MD, PhD, Jose Luis Meseguer Gonzalez, MD, Maria Velasco Martinez, MD, Rocio Lopez Perez, MD, Inmaculada Martinez Rivero, MD, Monica Lorente Fernandez, MD, Olivia Garcia Izquierdo, MD, Juan Pedro Martinez Cendan, MD, PhD Prenatal diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain Received: 2021. 1. 23. Revised: 2023. 3. 14. Accepted: 2021. 6. 15. Corresponding author: Álvaro López Soto, MD, PhD Prenatal diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Calle Minarete, s/n, Paraje Los Arcos, Cartagena 30202, Spain E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/??? Short running head: Sonographic evaluation of fetal scrotum 1 ABSTRACT External male genitalia have rarely been evaluated on fetal ultrasound. Apart from visualization of the penis for fetal sex determination, there are no specific instructions or recommendations from scientific societies. This study aimed to review the current knowledge about prenatal diagnosis of the scrotum and internal structures, with discussion regarding technical aspects and clinical management. We conducted an article search in Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for studies in English or Spanish language that discussed prenatal scrotal pathologies. We identified 72 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Relevant data were grouped into sections of embryology, ultrasound, pathology, and prenatal diagnosis. The scrotum and internal structures show a wide range of pathologies, with varying degrees of prevalence and morbidity. Most of the reported cases have described incidental findings diagnosed via striking ultrasound signs. Studies discussing normative data or management are scarce. -
Male Reproductive System
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DR RAJARSHI ASH M.B.B.S.(CAL); D.O.(EYE) ; M.D.-PGT(2ND YEAR) DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY CALCUTTA NATIONAL MEDICAL COLLEGE PARTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A. Gonads – Two ovoid testes present in scrotal sac, out side the abdominal cavity B. Accessory sex organs - epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland and bulbo-urethral glands C. External genitalia – penis and scrotum ANATOMY OF MALE INTERNAL GENITALIA AND ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS SEMINIFEROUS TUBULE Two principal cell types in seminiferous tubule Sertoli cell Germ cell INTERACTION BETWEEN SERTOLI CELLS AND SPERM BLOOD- TESTIS BARRIER • Blood – testis barrier protects germ cells in seminiferous tubules from harmful elements in blood. • The blood- testis barrier prevents entry of antigenic substances from the developing germ cells into circulation. • High local concentration of androgen, inositol, glutamic acid, aspartic acid can be maintained in the lumen of seminiferous tubule without difficulty. • Blood- testis barrier maintains higher osmolality of luminal content of seminiferous tubules. FUNCTIONS OF SERTOLI CELLS 1.Germ cell development 2.Phagocytosis 3.Nourishment and growth of spermatids 4.Formation of tubular fluid 5.Support spermiation 6.FSH and testosterone sensitivity 7.Endocrine functions of sertoli cells i)Inhibin ii)Activin iii)Follistatin iv)MIS v)Estrogen 8.Sertoli cell secretes ‘Androgen binding protein’(ABP) and H-Y antigen. 9.Sertoli cell contributes formation of blood testis barrier. LEYDIG CELL • Leydig cells are present near the capillaries in the interstitial space between seminiferous tubules. • They are rich in mitochondria & endoplasmic reticulum. • Leydig cells secrete testosterone,DHEA & Androstenedione. • The activity of leydig cell is different in different phases of life.