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Male Reproductive System 2 Male Reproductive System 2 1. Excretory genital ducts 2. The ductus (vas) deferens and seminal vesicles 3. The prostate 4. The bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands 5. The penis 6. The scrotum and spermatic cord SPLANCHNOLOGY Male reproductive system ° Male reproductive system, systema genitalia masculina: V a part of the human reproductive process ° Male reproductive organs, organa genitalia masculina: V internal genital organs: testicle, testis epididymis, epididymis ductus deferens, ductus (vas) deferens seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius prostate gland, prostata V external genital organs: penis, penis scrotum, scrotum bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2 SPLANCHNOLOGY Ductus (vas) deferens ° Ductus (vas) deferens: V a straight thick-walled muscular tube V transports sperm cells from the epididymis V length 45-50 cm V diameter 2.5-3 mm ° Anatomical parts: V testicular part V funicular part V inguinal part – 4 cm V pelvic part ° Ampulla ductus deferentis: V length 3-4 cm; diameter 1 cm V ejaculatory duct, ductus ejaculatorius Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 3 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – 5-6 longitudinal folds: V lamina epithelialis – bilayered columnar epithelium with stereocilia V lamina propria: dense connective tissue elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner longitudinal layer – in the initial portion V circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 4 SPLANCHNOLOGY Seminal vesicle, vesicula seminalis ° Seminal vesicle, vesicula (glandula) seminalis: V a pair of simple tubular glands – two highly tortuous tubes V posterior to the urinary bladder V length 4-5 (15) cm V diameter 1 cm ° Macroscopic anatomy: V anterior and posterior part V excretory duct Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 5 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° tunica mucosa – highly folded mucosa: V lamina epithelialis – cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium with secretory granules viscid, yellowish secretion – 50-80% of the semen fructose, prostaglandins V lamina propria – very thin rich in elastic fibers ° tunica muscularis – thick: V inner circular layer V outer longitudinal layer ° tunica adventitia (serosa) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 6 SPLANCHNOLOGY Prostate gland, prostata ° Prostate gland, prostata: V fibromuscular dense organ V tubuloalveolar exocrine gland V endocrine gland ° Macroscopic anatomy: V cone-shaped – chestnut-like V weigth ~ 8 g V anterior-posterior size ~2 cm V transverse size ~4 cm V vertical size ~3 cm V tip, apex prostatae V base, basis prostatae V facies anterior et facies posterior V facies inferolateralis V two parts – anterior and posterior colliculus seminalis; utriculus prostaticus crista urethralis; ductus ejaculatorii V three lobes: lobus prostatae dexter et sinister lobus medius isthmus prostatae Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 7 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° fibroelastic capsule – thin: V fibromuscular septa 30-40 lobes ° smooth muscle, stroma myoelasticum ° glandular tissue, parenchyma glandulare: peripheral zone transition zone central zone – 25% of the volume V secretory portion: exocrinocyti mucosi – milky prostatic fluid – 30% of the semen o cuboidal or columnar pseudostratified epithelium o prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea) V prostatic tubules two layers of simple columnar epithelium V prostatic urethra Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 8 SPLANCHNOLOGY Histological structure ° glandular acini – 50 µm – 2 mm: V simple columnar epithelium V two-layered in the epithelial plicae V prostatic concretions , coprora amylacea V interwoven with fibromuscular stroma ° prostatic ducts: V bilayered columnar epithelium Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 9 SPLANCHNOLOGY Prostatic vessels ° Blood supply : V inferior vesical artery V inferior rectal artery V intraorganic vessels after puberty ° Venous drainage: V homonymous veins internal iliac vein ° Lymphatic drainage: V paravesical lymph nodes Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 10 SPLANCHNOLOGY Prostate innervation ° Plexus vesicalis inferior: V preganglionic parasympathetic nerves – nn. pelvici V postganglionic sympathetic nerves V sensory nerves of spinal origin Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 11 SPLANCHNOLOGY Bulbourethral glands, glandulae bulbourethrales ° Glandulae bulbourethrales (Cowper): V brownish, spherical glands V in the urogenital diaphragma V tubuloalveolar glands simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium – clear mucus acts as a lubricant V ductus glandulae bulbourethralis – 3-4 cm V fibroelastic and smooth muscle tissue V skeletal muscles of perineum Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 12 SPLANCHNOLOGY Penis, penis ° Penis, penis (Gr. phallos): V a reproductive, intromittent organ – to deposit semen in the vagina V urinary duct ° Anatomical parts: V root, radix penis crura penis bulbus penis V shaft or body, corpus penis dorsum penis facies urethralis raphe penis lig. fundiforme – elasic fibers lig. suspensorium penis V glans, glans penis collum glandis corona glandis preputium penis et frenulum preputii ostium urethrae externum Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 13 SPLANCHNOLOGY Macroscopic anatomy ° Structure – erectile tissues: V corpus cavernosum of the penis, corpora cavernosa penis crura penis septum penis V corpus cavernosum of the urethra, corpus spongiosum penis bulbus penis glans penis urethra masculina V tunica albuginea, fascia penis V subcutis V shaft skin foreskin, preputium penis glands of Littre Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 14 SPLANCHNOLOGY Microscopic anatomy ° skin V raphe penis raphe scroti ° fascia penis ° tunica albuginea ° erectile tissue V a. profunda penis V urethra spongiosa Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 15 SPLANCHNOLOGY Vessels of the penis ° Blood supply – a. pudenda interna a. penis : V a. dorsalis penis V a. profunda penis helicine arteries V a. bulbi penis et a. urethralis ° Venous drainage: V v. dorsalis penis plexus venosus prostaticus v. iliaca interna V vv. profundae penis v. pudenda interna Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 16 SPLANCHNOLOGY Innervation of the penis ° Plexus cavernosus: V parasympathetic nerves – nn. splanchnici pelvici V sympathetic nerves from plexus hypogastricus inferior ° Sensory nerves from n. pudendus n. dorsalis penis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 17 SPLANCHNOLOGY Scrotum, scrotum ° Scrotal sac: V a dual-chambered pendulous pouch V between the penis and anus V divided by a septum and raphe scroti ° Macroscopic anatomy: V skin – hairy and pigmented lightly keratinized epithelium sebaceous and abundance of sweat glands V subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle tunica s. musculus dartos – 1-2 mm V fascia spermatica externa V fascia cremasterica V m. cremaster V fascia spermatica interna V tunica vaginalis testis – cavum vaginale lamina parietalis (periorchium) lamina visceralis (epiorchium) Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 18 SPLANCHNOLOGY Spermatic cord, funiculus spermaticus ° Spermatic cord, funiculus spermaticus: V a paired cord of connective tissue V length 15-20 cm V from annulus inguinalis profundus ° Content: V sperm duct, ductus (vas) deferens V a. testicularis V vv. testicularis, pampiniform plexu s V a. ductus deferentis (a. vesicalis sup. ) V v. ductus deferentis V a. cremasterica (a. epigastrica inf.) V lymphatic vessels V nerves, plexus testicularis V r. genitalis n. genitofemoralis Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 19 SPLANCHNOLOGY Thank you .... The End Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 20.
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