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A Handy Guide to the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts
BASICS OF LIFE BY LES SELLNOW eproduction in all species borders on the miraculous. at the reproductive organs of both the mare and the stallion How else can one describe a process where two infini- and discuss just how they function in their effort to produce Rtesimal entities, one from the male, the other from the another “miracle.” Once again, sources are too numerous to female, join forces to produce living, breathing offspring? mention, other than to say that much of the basic informa- Reproductive capability or success varies by species. Mice tion on reproduction available today stems from research at and rabbits, for example, are prolific producers of offspring. such institutions as Colorado State University, Texas A&M Horses, on the other hand, fall into a category where it is University, and the University of Minnesota. There are many much more chancy. others involved in reproductive research, but much of the in- When horses ran wild, this wasn’t a serious problem. There formation utilized in this article emanated from those three were so many of them that their numbers continued to ex- institutions. pand even though birth rate often was dictated by the avail- ability of food and water. Once the horse was domesticated, The Mare however, organized reproduction became the order of the We’ll begin with the mare because her role in the repro- day. Stables that depend on selling the offspring of stallions ductive process is more complicated than that of the stallion. and mares have an economic stake in breeding success. Yet, Basically, the mare serves four functions: the process continues to be less than perfect, with success 1) She produces eggs or ova; rates hovering in the 65-70% range, and sometimes lower. -
Anatomy and Physiology Male Reproductive System References
DEWI PUSPITA ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM REFERENCES . Tortora and Derrickson, 2006, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. Medical Embryology Langeman, pdf. Moore and Persaud, The Developing Human (clinically oriented Embryologi), 8th edition, Saunders, Elsevier, . Van de Graff, Human anatomy, 6th ed, Mcgraw Hill, 2001,pdf . Van de Graff& Rhees,Shaum_s outline of human anatomy and physiology, Mcgraw Hill, 2001, pdf. WHAT IS REPRODUCTION SYSTEM? . Unlike other body systems, the reproductive system is not essential for the survival of the individual; it is, however, required for the survival of the species. The RS does not become functional until it is “turned on” at puberty by the actions of sex hormones sets the reproductive system apart. The male and female reproductive systems complement each other in their common purpose of producing offspring. THE TOPIC : . 1. Gamet Formation . 2. Primary and Secondary sex organ . 3. Male Reproductive system . 4. Female Reproductive system . 5. Female Hormonal Cycle GAMET FORMATION . Gamet or sex cells are the functional reproductive cells . Contain of haploid (23 chromosomes-single) . Fertilizationdiploid (23 paired chromosomes) . One out of the 23 pairs chromosomes is the determine sex sex chromosome X or Y . XXfemale, XYmale Gametogenesis Oocytes Gameto Spermatozoa genesis XY XX XX/XY MALE OR FEMALE....? Male Reproductive system . Introduction to the Male Reproductive System . Scrotum . Testes . Spermatic Ducts, Accessory Reproductive Glands,and the Urethra . Penis . Mechanisms of Erection, Emission, and Ejaculation The urogenital system . Functionally the urogenital system can be divided into two entirely different components: the urinary system and the genital system. -
FAQ042 -- You and Your Sexuality (Especially for Teens)
AQ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ042 fESPECIALLY FOR TEENS You and Your Sexuality (Especially for Teens) • What happens during puberty? • What emotional changes occur during puberty? • How are sexual feelings expressed? • What is masturbation? • What is oral sex? • What happens during sexual intercourse? • What can I do if I want to have sexual intercourse but I do not want to get pregnant? • How can I protect myself and my partner from sexual transmitted infections during sexual intercourse? • What is anal sex? • What does it mean to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual? • Can I choose to be attracted to someone of the same sex? • What is gender identity? • When deciding whether to have sex, what are some things to consider? • What if I decide to wait and someone tries to pressure me into sex? • What is rape? • What are some things I can do to help protect myself against rape? • What is intimate partner violence? • Glossary What happens during puberty? When puberty starts, your brain sends signals to certain parts of the body to start growing and changing. These signals are called hormones. Hormones make your body change and start looking more like an adult’s (see FAQ041 “Your Changing Body—Especially for Teens”). Hormones also can cause emotional changes. What emotional changes occur during puberty? During your teen years, hormones can cause you to have strong feelings, including sexual feelings. You may have these feelings for someone of the other sex or the same sex. Thinking about sex or just wanting to hear or read about sex is normal. It is normal to want to be held and touched by others. -
Specialized Glossary Before Proceeding When the Animal Is Born, the Placenta Is Expelled
Horse Science: Principles of Reproduction in Horses Page 3 The birth of a foal is the end of a wondrous process. It Hormone (hor mon). A body-regulating chemical secreted starts with the merging of two tiny cells - one from the by a gland into the blood stream. female animal (mare), one from the male (stallion). With the Infundibulum (in fun-dib u-lum). The funnel-like joining of these cells, a new animal is conceived. membrane that surrounds the ovary. It catches the egg when The cell from the female is called an egg, or ovum. The it is released by the ovary. cell from the male is a sperm. The egg and sperm are both Luteinizing hormone (LH). Comes from the pituitary and sex cells, the very special cells that contain the genetic regulates corpus luteum in female and testosterone secretion material an animal inherits from its parents. Two in male. microscopic cells will completely determine the genetic Nucleus (nu kle-us). The dense center of a cell. It contains makeup of the offspring. See the discussion of genes and the genetic material. chromosomes in the guide sheet entitled “How Inheritance Ovary (o va-ri). A female organ that produces eggs. There Works in Horses”. are two ovaries. The production of sex cells is a unique and interesting Oviduct (o vi-dukt). The tube which carries the egg from process. Each of the two sexes has special organs to produce the ovary to the uterus. sex cells and carry out the process of reproduction. These Ovulation (o vu-la shun). -
Medical Literacy Bridge
Written by Jack McGrath Layout and computer assistance by Kathy Yeomans Edited by Jack McGrath and Kathy Yeomans DVD by Terry Weiser, VACE Technology Development Center Supervision by Steve Thompson Special thanks to the Workforce Investment Board of Ventura County Printed by Ventura Unified School District The Workforce Investment Board of Ventura County sponsored the creation of this curriculum based on a contract awarded to Ventura Adult and Continuing Education. The curriculum is the result of VACE’s observations regarding student success rate for English Language Learners and basic literacy English speakers who enroll in Allied Health training programs. Introduction: Medical Literacy Bridge ............................................................................................................................. 1 A Bridge to Medical Terminology ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 DVD instructions ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Memory Techniques ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 English Word Study and Medical Text Books .............................................................................................................................. -
Reproductive Physiology Dr
Reproductive Physiology Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Function of the reproductive system . Sexual reproduction requires a male and a female of the same species to copulate and combine their genes in order to produce a new individual who is genetically different from his parents . sexual reproduction relies on meiosis to shuffle the genes , so that new combinations of genes occur in each generation , allowing some of the offspring of survive in the constantly – changing environment . The male reproductive system produces , sustains , and delivers sperm cells (spermatozoa) to the female reproductive tract . The female reproductive system produces , sustains , and allows egg cells (oocytes ) to be fertilized by sperm . it also supports the development of an offspring (gestation) and gives birth to a new individual (parturition) . Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System . Testis : Sex organ that produces sperm in a process called spermatogenesis , and male sex hormones (testosterone). Developed in a male fetus near the kidneys , and descend to the scrotum about 2 months before birth. Each testis is enclosed by a layer of fibrous connective tissue called tunica alumina . Each testis contains about 250 functional units called lobules ; each lobule contains about 4 seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs . All somniferous tubules in a testis converge and form a channel called rate testis . Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Testis Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings . Scrotum: A pouch – like cutaneous extension that contains the two testes . Located outside of pelvic cavity to prevent overheating of testes [internal temperature of scrotum is always about 3 ˚F below body temperature ] . -
You and Your Sexuality
AQ The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ042 fESPECIALLY FOR TEENS You and Your Sexuality • What changes happen during puberty? • Is it normal for teens to question their sexuality? • What happens during sex? • What is birth control? • What other forms of sex are there besides vaginal intercourse? • What should I consider when I decide whether to have sex? • What can I do if someone pressures me to have sex? • What are sexually transmitted diseases? • What is the correct way to use a condom? • Glossary What changes happen during puberty? Female Reproductive System Between the ages 8 years and 10 years, most girls bodies start to change (see Fallopian tube the FAQ Growing Up). These changes are called puberty. The hormones that cause these changes also cause strong feelings, including sexual feelings. You may get these feelings for someone of the other sex or the same sex. Thinking about sex or just wanting to hear or read about sex is normal, so is wanting to be held and touched. But you must decide how far you are ready to go with these sexual feelings. Ovary Is it normal for teens to question their sexuality? Uterus Homosexuality (or “being gay or lesbian”) is being emotionally and sexually attracted to a person of the same sex. Bisexuality is being attracted to both Bladder sexes. Being homosexual is not a choice a person makes or something that can Anus be changed. Some people may have a hard time talking about being gay or Cervix Vagina lesbian. Some may not be accepted by their families and friends. -
PUBERTY: MY CHANGING BODY Lesson 2
PUBERTY: MY CHANGING DIFFERING ABILITIES BODY Lesson 2 LEARNER OUTCOME Identify, label and discuss human reproductive body parts. MATERIALS: 1. Public Parts Illustrations (unlabelled &labelled) 2. Private Parts Illustrations (unlabelled & labelled) 3. Whole Body Including Public and Private Parts Illustration 4. Body Outlines 5. Male Reproductive Parts (unlabelled & labelled) 6. Female Reproductive Parts (unlabelled & labelled) 7. Female & Male Puberty Progression Illustrations INTRODUCTION : I t is important for students to identify the physical changes that will happen during puberty and to learn how to take care of their growing bodies. This lesson will help students to become familiar with the appropriate terms for reproductive body parts, a skill that can help students stay safe. Teaching students when to talk about body parts in conversation is an important concept as students learn about public versus private behaviours. APPROACHES/STRATEGIES: A. GROUND RULES Ensure ground rules are established before beginning this lesson. For classes that have already established ground rules, quickly reviewing them can promote a successful lesson. DA.201708 © 2017 teachingsexualhealth.ca 1 You should be prepared for giggles in your class. Try to Having Ground acknowledge students’ reactions to the subject by Rules in place can be saying that puberty and body parts can be difficult to a very successful way talk about and it’s ok to feel a bit uncomfortable. to facilitate a positive classroom B. ESTABLISHING LANDMARKS – TALKING environment. Click ABOUT PRIVATE BODY PARTS here for more information on how to 1. Get your students to feel for their hipbones. set up ground rules. 2. Explain that we are going to be talking about our bodies, the changes our bodies go through as we grow up and the names for our private body parts. -
Chapter 16 (10E).Pdf
Chapter 16 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Choose the following statement that is NOT accurate concerning the female reproductive system. A.Fimbriae are fingerlike projections over the ovaries. B.The uterus is shaped like an inverted pear C.The lining of the uterus is called the mesometrium. D.The fertilized ovum is called a zygote. E.All of the choices are correct. 2. The tightly coiled tube in which maturation of sperm occurs is the: A.testis B.epididymis C.prostate 3. Some hepatitis viruses can be acquired through drinking contaminated water. A.True B.False 4. Progesterone is produced by the: A.follicle B.corpus luteum C.anterior pituitary D.posterior pituitary 5. Which of the following is also called the "morning after pill" because it is used to prevent pregnancy after intercourse has occurred? A.RU-486 B.Depo-provera C.mifepristone D.both RU-486 and mifepristone are correct 1 6. Which of the following surrounds the urethra and contributes to seminal fluid? A.acrosome B.scrotum C.prostate D.epididymis 7. Which of the following methods of contraception involves placing a device in the uterus to prevent implantation? A.IUD B.diaphragm C.contraceptive sponge 8. Congenital syphilis is caused by bacteria: A.in the birth canal B.crossing the placenta C.in the oviducts D.in the uterus 9. Blindness in newborn infants is most often associated with which disorder of the mother? A.diabetes B.gonorrhea or syphilis C.yeast infection D.chlamydia 10. Which type of hepatitis is most associated with sexual transmission? A.hepatitis A B.hepatitis B C.hepatitis C D.hepatitis D E.hepatitis E 2 11. -
The Reproductive System in Perspective
Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4th Edition Martini / Bartholomew The Reproductive 19 System PowerPoint® Lecture Outlines prepared by Alan Magid, Duke University Slides 1 to 84 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overview of Reproduction Reproductive System Essentials • Gonads (reproductive organs) • Testes in males, ovaries in females • Gametes (reproductive cells) • Spermatazoa (sperm) in males, • Ova (eggs) in females • Fertilization • Fusion of male and female gamete • Zygote • Fertilized egg Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Reproductive Organs • Testes • Enclosed by scrotum • Produce spermatazoa (sperm) • Epididymis • Stores sperm • Ductus deferens (vas deferens) • Conducts sperm outward Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System Reproductive Organs (cont’d) • Ejaculatory duct • Accessory organs 1. Seminal vesicle 2. Prostate gland 3. Bulbourethral glands • Urethra • Inside the penis, an erectile organ Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System The Male Reproductive System Figure 19-1 Male Reproductive System The Testes • Primary sex organ in males • Hang within scrotum • Cremaster muscle lifts testis toward body • Tunica albuginea encloses testis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Male Reproductive System The Testes (cont’d) • Septa divide testis into lobules • Seminferous tubules -
Anatomy and Physiology: Page 1 of 31
Anatomy and Physiology: Page 1 of 31 Differing Abilities Anatomy and Physiology Supplementary Resources ► Handout 1: Male Reproductive System ► Handout 2: Male Anatomy Diagram ► Handout 3: Female Reproductive System ► Handout 4: Female Anatomy Diagram ► Handout 5: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search ► Handout 6: Males / Females / Both Checklist ► Cards 1: Male Anatomy Definitions ► Cards 2: Male Anatomy Terms ► Cards 3: Female Anatomy Definitions ► Cards 4: Female Anatomy Terms ► Overhead 1: Pregnancy ► Answer Key 1: Male Anatomy Diagram ► Answer Key 2: Female Anatomy Diagram ► Answer Key 3: Reproductive Anatomy Word Search Ensure that ground rules are established before starting your classes. For classes that have already established ground rules, quickly reviewing them can promote a successful lesson. ▼Experience Students will become familiar with appropriate terms for reproductive anatomy and become more comfortable using such terminology within the classroom setting. Choose one or two of the following options that best suit the level of your students. Option 1. Establishing Landmarks 1. Get your students to feel for their hipbones. 2. Then get them to wiggle their bottoms on their seats. Let the students know that we are going to be talking body parts mainly from the hipbones to the sitting bones. 3. Ask your students a. “Are you a female or a male?” b. How can you tell the difference between a male and a female? 4. Explain to your students that it is normal to be embarrassed about this sometimes, but we are in a safe place to discuss this. ©2011 www.teachingsexualhealth.ca Anatomy and Physiology: Page 2 of 31 Option 2. -
Anatomy-Reproductive-System
Anatomy of the Female Genital System. Moustafa A. A., MD Prof. Obstet. & Gynecol.; Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University 2 مساء الورد 3 أهﻻ بح رضاتكم 4إدارة التدريب What is the reproductive system? Consists of: - 1ry sex organs - 2ry sex organs - sex glands. The primary function: perpetuate the species Primary Sex Organs Internal External Genitalia Genitalia (Vulva) Upper Lower Ovaries Uterus Tubes Vagina Primary Sex Organs External Genitalia (Vulva) Vagina Anatomy of Female Genital organs External genitalia (vulve) Definition: Lower end of female genital tract. Parts: A) Mons pubis (mons veneris): Pad of fat on symphysis pubis covered by hairy skin (pubic hair). B) Labia majora: • Definition: 2 thick skin folds forming the lateral boundaries of vulva. • Homologous to: Male scrotum. Anatomy of Female Genital organs Labia majora (continue): Histology: Consist of: 1) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium e hair follicles (on lateral aspects only) & numerous sebaceous & sweat glands. 2) Thin layer of smooth muscles (tunica Dartos). 3) Fascial layer. 4) Adipose tissue containing numerous nerve endings(for pain, touch & pressure) &, terminal portions of round ligaments. Anatomy of Female Genital organs The 2 labia unit anteriorly below mons pubis to form anterior commissure & posteriorly in front of anus to form posterior commissure. C) Labia minora: • Defnition: 2 delicate skin folds medial to labia majora • Homologus: Penile urethra In male. • Histology: Consist of: 1) Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized on lateral surface only) with sebaceous & sweat glands (but no hair follicles). 2) Thin layer of smooth muscles continuous with tunica Dartos. Anatomy of Female Genital organs 3) Erectile tissue that becomes turgid & congested with sexual excitement.