Syllabus Laboratory Activity Histology Chapter 3 Biomedik 1 EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE Writter : Maya Tejasari A Sequence I. Introduction : 30 min II. Pre Test : III. Activity Lab : 120 min - Discussion 30 min - Identify 90 min IV. Post Test : B Topic 1. Microstructure of the epithelial tissue 2. Microstructure of the connective tissue C Venue Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic Universtity D Equipment 1. Light microscopy 2. Stained tissue section : 1. Simple squamous epithelium 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Simple columnar epithelium Epithelial Tissue 4. Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 5. Non keratinized squamous epithelium 6. Keratinized squamous epithelium 7. Transisional epithelium 8. Loose connective tissue Connective tissue 9.Dense regular connective tissue 10.Dense irregular connective tissue 11. Hyaline cartilage 12. Elastine cartilage Cartilage 13. Fibrous cartilage 3. Colouring pencils 1 E Pre-requisite Before following the laboratory activity, the students must prepare : 1. Draw the schematic picture of each type of epithelial tissue microstructure and give explanation 2. Draw the schematic picture of each type of connective tissue microstructure and give explanation - Loose connective tissue - Dense regular connective tissue - Dense irregular connective tissue - Reticular/haematopoeietic tissue 3. Draw the schematic picture of cartilage (elastic, hyaline and fibrous) and give explanation - Content lab in manual book ( pre and post test will be taken from the manual, if scorring pre test less than 50, can not allowed thelab activity ) - Bring your text book, reference book e.q atlas of Histology, e-book etc. ( minimal 1 atlas each group). - Bring colouring pencils for drawing F Activity Lab 1. Students will be divided into groups 2. Discussion in 30 minute 3. Identify tissue section using light microscopy and draw it , in 90 minute 4. LIST MICROSTRUCTURE IDENTIFY REVIEW ( give the checklist √ if you have already known) A. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Please make a schematic draw of the epithelial tissue in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil. Figure 1. Simple squamous epithelium Section of : Bladder (serous layer) Staining : H.E. Code : E – 1 2 Identify : 1. serous layer 2. simple squamous epithelium 3. nuclei of epithelial cells 3 Figure 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium Section of : Choroid plexus of cerebrum Staining : H.E. Code : E – 2 Identify : 1. Choroid plexus 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 4 Figure 3. Simple columnar epithelium Section of : Stomach Staining : H.E. Code : E – 3 Identify : 1. Mucous layer 3. Nuclei of epithelial cells 2. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Basement membrane 5 Figure 4. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium Section of : Trachea Staining : H.E. Code : E – 7 Identify : 1. Mucous layer 5. Cilia 2. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium 6. Goblet cell 3. Columnar cell 7. Basement membrane 4. Basal cell 6 Figure 5. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Section of : Oesophagus Staining : H.E. Code : E – 4 Identify : 1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells 2. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium 5. Surface cells 3. Basal cells 6. Basement membrane 7 Figure 6. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Section of : Skin of palm Staining : H.E. Code : E – 5 Identify : 1. Epidermis 5. Lucidum’s layer 2. Basal layer 6. Corneum’s layer 3. Polyhedral / Spinosum’s layer 4. Granulosum’s layer 8 Figure 7. Transitional epithelium Section of : Bladder (mucous layer) Staining : H.E. Code : E – 6 Identify : 1. Mucous layer 4. Polyhedral cells 2. Transitional epithelium 5. Dome shape cells/squamous cells 3. Basal cells 9 B. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Please make a schematic draw of the connective tissue in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil. Figure 1. Loose connective tissue Section : Serous layer of colon Staining : H.E. Code : I-3 Identify : 1. Fibroblast 6. Macrophage (if any) 2. Lymphocyte 7. Plasma cell (if any) 3. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte 8. Eosinophil (if any) 4. Adipose cell 9. Fibers 5. Mast cell (if any) 10. Ground substance 10 Figure 2. Regular dense connective tissue Section of : Tendon Staining : H.E. Code : I-8 (longitudinal section) I-9 (cross section) Longitudinal section 1. Bundle of collagenous fibers 2. Peritendineum 3. Fibroblast Cross section 1. Bundle of collagenous fibers 2. Peritendineum 3. Fibroblast 11 Figure 3. The elastic tissue Section of : Ligamentum nuchae Staining : H.E. Code : I-6 (longitudinal section) I-7 (cross section) Longitudinal section 1. Elastic fibers 2. Collagen fibers 3. Fibroblast Cross section 1. Elastic fibers 2. Fibroblast 12 Figure 4. The reticular connective tissue Section : Lymph node Staining : Bielschowsky/AgNO3 Code : I-4 1. Reticular fibers 2. Reticuloendothelial cell 3. Lymphocyte 13 Figure 5. Gelatinous tissue (Mucous tissue, Wharton’s jelly) Section of : Umbilical cord Staining : H.E. Code : I-2 1. Ground substance 4. Collagen fiber 2. Fibroblast 5. Umbilical artery 3. Protoplasmic process of fibroblast 6. Umbilical venous 14 Figure 6. The mesenchymal tissue Section of : Embryo Staining : H.E. Code : I-1 1. Mesenchymal cell 3. Ground substance 2. Protoplasmic process of mesenchymal cell Figure 7. The monovacuolar adipose tissue. Section of : Subcutis Staining : H.E. Code : I-10 1. Adipose cell 2. Nucleus of adipose cell 3. Vacuole 15 Figure 8. The multilocular adipose tissue Section of : Interscapular adipose tissue Staining : H.E, Code : I-11 1. Multilocular cell 3. Vacuole 2. Nucleus of multilocular cell 4. Monovacuolar cell 16 17 C. CARTILAGE Please make a schematic draw of the cartilage and bone in the allotted space. Please bring a pink and purple color pencil. Figure 1. Hyaline cartilage Section of : Trachea Staining : H.E. Code : C-2 1. Perichondrium 2. Chondroblast 3. Chondrocyte 4. Lacuna 5. Isogenic cells. 6. Ground substance a. Territorial matrix b. Interritorial matrix 17 18 Figure 2. Elastic cartilage Section of : Auricle Staining : Orcein Code : C-3 1. Perichondrium 4. Ground substance 2. Chondroblast 5. Elastic fibers 3. Chondrocyte 18 19 Figure 3. Fibrocartilage Section of : Intervertebral disc Staining : H. E. Code : C-4 1. Chain of chondrocytes 2. Ground substance 3. Collagenous fibers G Reference 1. Junqueria, Carneirro, Basic Histology 2. de'Fiore, Atlas of Histology 19 20 =============================================================== EPITHELIAL TISSUE Epithelial tissues are composed of closely aggregated polyhedral cells with very little extracellular substance. These cells have strong adhesion due to adhesion molecules, membrane interdigitations, and intercellular junctions. These features allow the cells to form cellular sheets that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities or are arranged as three-dimensional secretory units. The principal functions of epithelial (Gr. epi, upon, + thele, nipple) tissues are : - The covering and lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines), - Absorption (eg, intestines), - Secretion (eg, glands), - Sensation (eg, gustative and olfactory neuroepithelium), - Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells). Because epithelial cells line all external and internal surfaces of the body, everything that enters or leaves the body must cross an epithelial sheet. Almost all epithelial cells, rest on a connective tissue. In the case of epithelia that line the cavity of internal organs (especially the digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems) this layer of connective tissue is often called lamina propria. The lamina propria serves to support the epithelium, provides nutrition and binds it to neighboring structures. The portion of the epithelial cells that faces the connective tissue is called the basal pole, whereas the opposite side, usually facing a space, is called the apical pole. The surface of the apical pole is also called the free surface, whereas the surfaces that are apposed to neighbor cells are called lateral surfaces. Most epithelial cells are separated from the connective tissue by a sheet of extracellular material called the basal lamina, consisting of a delicate network of very fine fibrils (lamina densa). In addition, basal laminae may have an electron-lucent layer on one or both sides of the lamina densa, called lamina rara or lamina lucida. 20 21 Apical pole Lateral pole Basal lamina Basal pole Epithelia are divided into two main groups according to their structure and function: covering epithelia and glandular epithelia. Covering epithelia can be classificied according to number of cell layers and structure of the surface cells) Table 4–2. Common Types of Covering Epithelia in the Human Body. Type Cell Form Examples of Main Function Distribution Simple Squamous Lining of vessels Facilitates the movement of the (endothelium). viscera (mesothelium), active Serous lining of transport by pinocytosis cavities; pericardium, (mesothelium and endothelium), pleura, peritoneum secretion of biologically active (mesothelium). molecules (mesothelium). Cuboidal Covering the ovary, Covering, secretion. thyroid. Columnar Lining of intestine, Protection, lubrication, gallbladder. absorption, secretion. Pseudostratified Some columnar and Lining of trachea, Protection, secretion; cilia- some cuboidal bronchi, nasal cavity. mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus. Stratified Surface layer Epidermis. Protection; prevents water loss. squamous keratinized (dry) Surface layer Mouth, esophagus, Protection, secretion; prevents squamous larynx, vagina,