DOCSLIB.ORG

Today Boys and Girls We Will Learn About: Junctions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TODAY BOYS AND GIRLS WE WILL LEARN ABOUT: JUNCTIONS Below, explain Tight Junctions , Gap Junctions and Desmosomes as if you were telling that cousin of yours in Kindergarten! A= C= B= D= 3-4 Questions: Tissues Level 2 Headings / Vocabulary / Important Information Terminology •Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities – Histo = Tissue –…ology = study of •Pathologists – Study of cells and tissue; diseased – Patho = disease Four Main Types • Epithelial – Body surfaces, hollow organs, glands • Connective – Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat • Muscle – Movement and force application • Nervous – Stimulates action potential to activate body functions Germ Layers • Ectoderm – The primary layer which give rise to nervous system and the epidermis of skin • Mesoderm – Middle germ layer which gives rise to connective tissue, blood, muscles • Endoderm – Lower germ layer that gives rise to the GI tract, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract Junctions • Cell Junctions – Point of contact between adjacent membranes of various cell types • Tight Junctions -Fluid tight seal between cells to prevent leaking of substances into blood or surrounding tissues; stomach lining & urinary bladder, and intestines • Anchoring Junction (Desmosomes) – Fasten cells to on another, common in stretched areas such as heart, uterus, and outer skin • Gap Junction – Allow passage of chemical/electrical signals through connexons (protein tunnels-hollow cylinders) from cell to cell; i.e. muscular contraction, pain 3-4 Sentence Summary: a) Simple Squamous Epithelium P. 91 b) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium P. 91 Location: Location: c) Simple Columnar Epithelium P. 91 d) Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium P. 92 Location: Location: EPITHELIAL TISSUE • Function : Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion • Divisions : 1. Covering and Lining 2. Glandular Epithelium Tissue Arrangements Cell Shapes e) Stratified Squamous Epithelium P.92 f) Transitional Epithelium P. 92 Location: Location: Simple Squamous 3-4 Questions: •Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and Level 3 secretion in serous membranes •Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose, and wastes), Air Sac of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine) Simple Cuboidal •Function: Secretion and Absorption •Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova) Ciliated Simple Columnar •Function: Moves fluids and particles along passageways •Location: Found in respiratory tract (mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal Runny Nose) Non-Ciliated Columnar •Function: Microvilli secretion & Absorption •Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium •Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action •Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation) Stratified Squamous •Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin; vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue •Location: –Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin –Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina, Tongue) 3-4 Sentence Summary: Connective Tissue a) Bone P. 94 Connective Tissue b) Hyaline Cartilagte P. 95 Location: Location: Connective Tissue c) Fibrocartilage P. 95 Connective Tissue d) Dense Fibrous P. 95 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: Stratified Cuboidal Level 4 •Functions: Protection and limited secretion of sweat glands •Location: Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT) Transitional Epithelium •Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary. –Stretched = Squamous –Relaxed = Cuboidal •Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder Glandular Epithelium: Endocrine •Function: Produce hormones •Location: Thyroid, Pituitary Gland, Ovaries,Testicles Seretion of Exocrine Glands –Merocrine (or Eccrine) secretion •Forms the product and discharge from the cell entirely –Salivary Glands –Apocrine secretion •Product forms at apical surface and pinches off from rest of cell –Mammary gland –Holocrine secretion •Accumulates secretory product in cytosol, cell dies and is discharge with its product –Sebaceous Gland (Acne) CONNECTIVE TISSUE •Three basic characteristics: Cells –Fibroblasts – Large, flat immature cells responsible for mitosis & chemical secretion of matrix cmpds –Macrophages – Fixed vs. Wandering = Local or systemic Phagocytosis Plasma Cells – Synthesis of B Lymphcoyte ~ Antibodies –Mast Cells – Histamine production, Heparin & Warfarin (Anticoagulants) Ground Substance (Matrix) •Hyaluronic Acid –Cell binding, wound healing •Chondroitin Sulfate –Adhesiveness for bone, cartilage •Dermatan Sulfate –skin, tendons, heart valves •Keratan Sulfate –Bone, Cartilage Connective Tissue: e) Areolar P.96 Connective Tissue f) Adipose P.P.96 Location: Location: Connective Tissue g) Reticular Cartlage P. 96 Connective Tissue h) Blood P. 97 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: Fibers (Matrix) Level 5 •Collagen – Strength for tissues, most abundant •Elastin – Elasticity of tissues up to 150% of normal size •Reticular – Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma) Areolar Connective Tissue • Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and pappilary regions of skin • Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers ADIPOSE TISSUE –Fat • Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage Dense Regular Tissue • Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength • Strong attachment for • Tendons (Muscle to Bone) • Ligaments (Bone to Bone) Hyaline Cartilage • Extremely strong, but very flexible and elasctic • Smooth surface for reduction of friction • Movement of Joints, Flexibility, • Support (Trachea), Ossification Cartilage White Fibrocartilage • Extremely tough • Acts as a shock absorber, ball and socket joints Elastic Cartilage • Abundance of elastin for stretching capability • Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx Bone Compact vs. Spongy • Provides for support, Movement-Marrow (blood-forming ) Blood • Oxygen Transport • Clotting (platelets) • Immunity (WBC’s) • Nutrient delivery Muscle Tissue: a) Skeletal Striated P. 99 Muscle Tissue: b) Cardia P. 99 Location: Location: Muscle Tissue: c) Smooth P. 99 Nervous Tissue: a) Neurons P. 100 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: MUSCLE TISSUE Level 6 Cardiac Muscle • Composes the heart wall • Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body • Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor) Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Attached to bones by tendons • Functions in body movements, posture, thermogenesis • Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily Smooth Muscle Tissue • Forms walls of many internal organs ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus • Functions in motion of internal organs Nervous Tissue • Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia • Neuron – Conversion from stimulus response to action potential (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron) 1. Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli 2. Axons – Conductor of impulse 3-4 Sentence Summary: STUDENT CHOICE ON TISSUE LAB Tissue Lab Directions: For each slide you look at you must do the following: Draw & color a complete, complex, intricate representation of each slide. Label each observation circle appropriately with the slide title and correct magnification viewed. Label any identifiable parts of the slide. Title: Bone (Ground) Dense Title: Stratified Squamous Epithelium Title: Transitional Epithelium Irregular Connective Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title: (Tendon) Dense Regular Title: Spinal Cord (Nervous Tissue) Title: Skin-Adipose Tissue Fibrous Tissue Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title : Muscle (3 Types) –Skeletal Striated Title: Muscle (3 Types)-Cardiac (Heart) Title: Muscle (3 Types)-Smooth Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ STUDENT CHOICE ON TISSUE LAB Tissue Lab Directions: For each slide you look at you must do the following: Draw & color a complete, complex, intricate representation of each slide. Label each observation circle appropriately with the slide title and correct magnification viewed. Label any identifiable parts of the slide. Title: Hyaline Cartilage Title: (Skin 2) Areolar Loose Title: (Trachea) Pseudostratified (Connective) Connective Tissue Ciliated Columnar Epithlium Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Simple Columnar Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ STAMP 1 STAMP 2 STAMP 3 STAMP 4 CANCER FLYER BASED ON TEXTBOOK ARTICLE PAGE 102/103 Tissues Vocabulary Review : Use you textbook & notes to answer the following… 1. Germ layer, which differentiates into the GI tract, bladder, and respiratory tract ____________________________ 2. The term given to an area where there are NO blood vessels ____________________________ 3. The study of tissues ____________________________ 4. Type of junction that creates a tight seal between cells allowing contact inhibition ____________________________ 5. Type of adipose tissue, which has a high amount of mitochondria responsible for High Heat ____________________________ 6. Form of connective tissue responsible for connecting bone to bone ____________________________ 7. A collection of differentiated, specialized cells ____________________________ 8. A structure found in cardiac muscle, which allows electric currents
Recommended publications
  • Te2, Part Iii

    Te2, Part Iii

    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
  • EPITHELIAL TISSUE Or EPITHELIUM • the Basic Tissue of the Body

    EPITHELIAL TISSUE Or EPITHELIUM • the Basic Tissue of the Body

    13.11.2014 Epithelium Dr. Archana Rani Associate Professor Department of Anatomy KGMU UP, Lucknow EPITHELIAL TISSUE or EPITHELIUM • The basic tissue of the body. • Cells are arranged as continuous sheets. • Single or multiple layers. • Cells are held tightly together by cell junctions. • Free surface • Basal surface adheres to basal lamina or basement membrane. • Avascular but supplied by nerves. • Has high capability to regenerate. Embryological aspect • Epithelia are derived from all the 3 germ layers: • Ectoderm- Epithelium of skin • Endoderm- Epithelium of gut • Mesoderm- Epithelium of pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities Functions – Protection – Absorption – Barrier – Excretion – Secretory – Function as sensory surfaces Classification According to shape, arrangement and the specialization of their free surface: • Simple • Stratified • Pseudostratified • Transitional Simple epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium • Single layered • Flat cells • On surface view, like floor tiles • Elevated nuclei Squamous • Examples: cell - Lung alveoli Nucleus - Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule of kidney Basement - Inner aspect of membrane tympanic membrane Function: Rapid transport of - Mesothelium substances, secretion of fluid, - Endothelium diffusion of gases and osmosis Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • Single layer of cuboidal shaped cells • On surface view, cells look like mosaic (hexagonal) • Examples: -Thyroid follicles -Tubules of nephrons - Pigmented layer of retina - Germinal layer of ovary - Inner layer of
  • Epithelial Tissue

    Epithelial Tissue

    Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Tissues - Introduction · a group of similar cells specialized to carry on a particular function · tissue = cells + extracellular matrix nonliving portion of a tissue that supports cells · 4 types epithelial - protection, secretion, absorption connective - support soft body parts and bind structures together muscle - movement nervous - conducts impulses used to help control and coordinate body activities Epithelial Tissues Characteristics Epithelial Classifications · free surface open to the outside or an open · classified based on shape and # of cell layers internal space (apical surface) · shape · basement membrane anchors epithelium to squamous - thin, flat cells underlying connective tissue cuboidal - cube-shaped cells columnar - tall, elongated cells · lack blood vessels · number · readily divide (ex. skin healing) simple - single layer · tightly packed with little extracellular space stratified - 2 or more layers Epithelial Locations Simple Squamous Epithelium · a single layer of thin, flattened cells · cover body surfaces, cover and line internal organs, and compose glands looks like a fried egg · easily damaged skin cells, cells that line the stomach and small intestine, inside your mouth · common at sites of filtration, diffusion, osmosis; cover surfaces · air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries, linings cheek cells of blood and lymph vessels intestines skin Epithelial Tissue Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium · single layer of cube-shaped cells · single layer of cells
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition

    Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition

    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
  • Cell Replacement and Differentiation in Transitional Epithelium: a Histological and Autoradiographic Study of the Guinea-Pig Bladder and Ureter B

    Cell Replacement and Differentiation in Transitional Epithelium: a Histological and Autoradiographic Study of the Guinea-Pig Bladder and Ureter B

    J. Anat. (1972), 112, 3, pp. 433-455 433 With 52 figures Printed in Great Britain Cell replacement and differentiation in transitional epithelium: a histological and autoradiographic study of the guinea-pig bladder and ureter B. F. MARTIN Department of Anatomy, University of Birmingham (Accepted 9 June 1972) INTRODUCTION Transitional epithelium occupies a position between the pseudostratified and truly stratified epithelia, and there has been much conjecture regarding the arrangement of the constituent cells, their behaviour during stretching of the epithelium, and the manner in which they undergo replacement and differentiation. In a previous study on the guinea-pig (Martin, 1962) it was concluded that there are essentially three layers of cells in the epithelium, namely, a layer of small basal cells, a middle or intermediate layer of pyriform cells, which vary in size and height but retain connexion with the basement membrane by long thin cytoplasmic pro- cesses, and a layer of surface cells which are of large size and often bi- or multi- nucleate. During distension, the stretched epithelium of both bladder and ureter retains the essentially three-layer state; the surface cells become flattened and thus increase their surface area, whilst the underlying cells are not only flattened but are displaced sideways and may lie almost parallel to the basement membrane (Martin, 1962; Petry & Amon, 1966). In contrast with stratified squamous epithelia, in which there is a rapid rate of cell replacement from the basal layer, study of cell kinetics in transitional epithelium has proved difficult. Mitotic figures are seldom seen in the adult bladder and very few cells are labelled in autoradiographs following the administration of [3H]thymidine (3H-T).
  • Histology of Compound Epithelium

    Histology of Compound Epithelium

    Compound Epithelium Dr. Gitanjali Khorwal Learning objectives • Definition • Types • Function • Identification • Surface modifications of epithelia • SIMPLE • STRATIFIED One cell layer thick Two or more cell layer thick Squamous, Stratified Squamous, Stratified Cuboidal, Cuboidal, Stratified Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar Transitional Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. • Apical domain • Lateral domain • Basal domain Apical domain modifications • Microvilli • Stereocilia/ Stereovilli • Cilia Microvilli • Finger-like cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface (1-3 micron). • Striated border- regular arrangement • Brush border - irregular arrangement Stereocilia/ Stereovilli • Unusually long, (120 micron) • immotile microvilli. • Epididymis, ductus deferens, Sensory hair cell of inner ear. Cilia • Hairlike extensions of apical plasma membrane • Contain axoneme-microtubule based internal structure. 1. Motile 9+2 2. Primary 9+0 3. Nodal : embryonic disc during gastrulation Stratified squamous epithelium (Non-keratinised) • Variable cell layers-thickness • The deepest cells - basal cell layer are cuboidal or columnar in shape. • mitotically active and replace the cells of the epithelium • layers of cells with polyhedral outlines. • Flattened surface cells. Stratified squamous epithelium (Keratinised) Stratified cuboidal epithelium • A two-or more layered cuboidal epithelium • seen in the ducts of the sweat glands, pancreas, salivary glands. Stratified columnar epithelium • excretory
  • Índice De Denominacións Españolas

    Índice De Denominacións Españolas

    VOCABULARIO Índice de denominacións españolas 255 VOCABULARIO 256 VOCABULARIO agente tensioactivo pulmonar, 2441 A agranulocito, 32 abaxial, 3 agujero aórtico, 1317 abertura pupilar, 6 agujero de la vena cava, 1178 abierto de atrás, 4 agujero dental inferior, 1179 abierto de delante, 5 agujero magno, 1182 ablación, 1717 agujero mandibular, 1179 abomaso, 7 agujero mentoniano, 1180 acetábulo, 10 agujero obturado, 1181 ácido biliar, 11 agujero occipital, 1182 ácido desoxirribonucleico, 12 agujero oval, 1183 ácido desoxirribonucleico agujero sacro, 1184 nucleosómico, 28 agujero vertebral, 1185 ácido nucleico, 13 aire, 1560 ácido ribonucleico, 14 ala, 1 ácido ribonucleico mensajero, 167 ala de la nariz, 2 ácido ribonucleico ribosómico, 168 alantoamnios, 33 acino hepático, 15 alantoides, 34 acorne, 16 albardado, 35 acostarse, 850 albugínea, 2574 acromático, 17 aldosterona, 36 acromatina, 18 almohadilla, 38 acromion, 19 almohadilla carpiana, 39 acrosoma, 20 almohadilla córnea, 40 ACTH, 1335 almohadilla dental, 41 actina, 21 almohadilla dentaria, 41 actina F, 22 almohadilla digital, 42 actina G, 23 almohadilla metacarpiana, 43 actitud, 24 almohadilla metatarsiana, 44 acueducto cerebral, 25 almohadilla tarsiana, 45 acueducto de Silvio, 25 alocórtex, 46 acueducto mesencefálico, 25 alto de cola, 2260 adamantoblasto, 59 altura a la punta de la espalda, 56 adenohipófisis, 26 altura anterior de la espalda, 56 ADH, 1336 altura del esternón, 47 adipocito, 27 altura del pecho, 48 ADN, 12 altura del tórax, 48 ADN nucleosómico, 28 alunarado, 49 ADNn, 28
  • Squamous Epithelium Are Thin, Which Allows for the Rapid Passage of Substances Through Them

    Squamous Epithelium Are Thin, Which Allows for the Rapid Passage of Substances Through Them

    Chapter 2 1st Prof. Anatomy Arsalan (Lecturer Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar) Tissue is an aggregation of similar cells and their products that perform same function. There are four principal types of tissues in the body: ❑ epithelial tissue: covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and ducts and forms glands ❑ connective tissue: binds, supports, and protects body parts ❑ muscle tissue: produce body and organ movements ❑ nervous tissue: initiates and transmits nerve impulses from one body part to another • Epithelial tissues cover body and organ surfaces, line body cavities and lumina and forms various glands • Derived from endoderm ,ectoderm, and mesoderm • composed of one or more layers of closely packed cells • Perform diverse functions of protection, absorption, excretion and secretion. Highly cellular with low extracellular matrix Polar – has an apical surface exposed to external environment or body cavity, basal layer attached to underlying connective tissue by basement membrane and lateral surfaces attached to each other by intercellular junctions Innervated Avascular – almost all epithelia are devoid of blood vessels, obtain nutrients by diffusion High regeneration capacity Protection: Selective permeability: in GIT facilitate absorption, in kidney facilitate filtration, in lungs facilitate diffusion. Secretions: glandular epithelium form linings of various glands, involved in secretions. Sensations: contain some nerve endings to detect changes in the external environment at their surface Epithelium rests on connective tissue. Between the epithelium and connective tissue is present the basement membrane which is extracellular matrix made up of protein fibers and carbohydrates. Basement membrane attach epithelium to connective tissue and also regulate movement of material between epithelium and connective tissue Epithelial cells are bound together by specialized connections in the plasma membranes called intercellular junctions .
  • EPIDERMIZATION, OF, the TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM LINING the PELVIS of the KIDNEY·, FOLLOWED by SQUAMOUS-CELLED 0ARCINOMA,AND OT~ER CHANGES'~ by MAJOR J

    EPIDERMIZATION, OF, the TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM LINING the PELVIS of the KIDNEY·, FOLLOWED by SQUAMOUS-CELLED 0ARCINOMA,AND OT~ER CHANGES'~ by MAJOR J

    J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-41-05-05 on 1 November 1923. Downloaded from \ ' 365 , ' EPIDERMIZATION, OF, THE TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM LINING THE PELVIS OF THE KIDNEY·, FOLLOWED BY SQUAMOUS-CELLED 0ARCINOMA,AND OT~ER CHANGES'~ By MAJOR J. A. MANIFOLD, D.S.O. , Royal Army Medical Corp8. THE following notes of a ~ew growth ,of the k1dney are thought' to be of sufficient interest to b,e placed pn record, as: some· unusual pathological. 'features were noted in the neoplasQI. The' kidney was removed from a patient aged 52, who had suffered from chronic pyonephrosis: When the organ was prepared for microscopic slab sec.tions there was found, in addition to the pyonephrosis, a growth of \ new tissue apparently originating in the pelvis of the kidney, which· called for further investigation. ' ' guest. Protected by copyright. , MACROSCOPIC ApPEARANCE. The small portion of, unaltered renal tissue which remained almost encapsuled a growth about the size of a small orange situated in the renal pelvis. In its substance'a few !,cattered cysts were evident. Some of . these cysts were lined with. a layer of vvhite tissue and th~ir contents were flesh coloured, in others, only parti~lly so lined, the 90ntents were greenish in colour (fig. 1). - MICROSCOFIC ApPEARANCE. It was' found that the normal transitional lining epith~lium ~f the 'pelvis of the kidney had undergone complete metamoFphosjs, having taRen tlie character of !,urface e'IJitheliuni; the stratified layer being well formed; 'and extensillely keratinized. ' " ' . , Portions of' this stratified epithelium infiltrated the, kidney substance. http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ The cells in the centre of the infiltrating columns became clear,~ swollen and finally keratinized, thus.
  • 26 April 2010 TE Prepublication Page 1 Nomina Generalia General Terms

    26 April 2010 TE Prepublication Page 1 Nomina Generalia General Terms

    26 April 2010 TE PrePublication Page 1 Nomina generalia General terms E1.0.0.0.0.0.1 Modus reproductionis Reproductive mode E1.0.0.0.0.0.2 Reproductio sexualis Sexual reproduction E1.0.0.0.0.0.3 Viviparitas Viviparity E1.0.0.0.0.0.4 Heterogamia Heterogamy E1.0.0.0.0.0.5 Endogamia Endogamy E1.0.0.0.0.0.6 Sequentia reproductionis Reproductive sequence E1.0.0.0.0.0.7 Ovulatio Ovulation E1.0.0.0.0.0.8 Erectio Erection E1.0.0.0.0.0.9 Coitus Coitus; Sexual intercourse E1.0.0.0.0.0.10 Ejaculatio1 Ejaculation E1.0.0.0.0.0.11 Emissio Emission E1.0.0.0.0.0.12 Ejaculatio vera Ejaculation proper E1.0.0.0.0.0.13 Semen Semen; Ejaculate E1.0.0.0.0.0.14 Inseminatio Insemination E1.0.0.0.0.0.15 Fertilisatio Fertilization E1.0.0.0.0.0.16 Fecundatio Fecundation; Impregnation E1.0.0.0.0.0.17 Superfecundatio Superfecundation E1.0.0.0.0.0.18 Superimpregnatio Superimpregnation E1.0.0.0.0.0.19 Superfetatio Superfetation E1.0.0.0.0.0.20 Ontogenesis Ontogeny E1.0.0.0.0.0.21 Ontogenesis praenatalis Prenatal ontogeny E1.0.0.0.0.0.22 Tempus praenatale; Tempus gestationis Prenatal period; Gestation period E1.0.0.0.0.0.23 Vita praenatalis Prenatal life E1.0.0.0.0.0.24 Vita intrauterina Intra-uterine life E1.0.0.0.0.0.25 Embryogenesis2 Embryogenesis; Embryogeny E1.0.0.0.0.0.26 Fetogenesis3 Fetogenesis E1.0.0.0.0.0.27 Tempus natale Birth period E1.0.0.0.0.0.28 Ontogenesis postnatalis Postnatal ontogeny E1.0.0.0.0.0.29 Vita postnatalis Postnatal life E1.0.1.0.0.0.1 Mensurae embryonicae et fetales4 Embryonic and fetal measurements E1.0.1.0.0.0.2 Aetas a fecundatione5 Fertilization
  • Nose-Introduction-Pdf 508.Pdf

    Nose-Introduction-Pdf 508.Pdf

    Nose – Introduction Documenting nonneoplastic lesions of the nose presents significant challenges, arising from the complex anatomy of the nasal cavity, with numerous cells types and unique anatomic features, and the evaluation of multiple sections, often with multiple concurrent lesions. The diagnoses should include any significant morphologic changes and should document predominant processes present at the time of evaluation. Nasal olfactory lesions are most commonly seen in inhalation exposures, but they are also seen in feeding studies, gavage studies, and intraperitoneal injection studies. Many factors, such as the route of administration, the physical characteristics of the test agent, and the species of animal, have a significant impact on the anatomic sites affected within the nasal cavity and on the types of lesions observed. For example, the tips of the nasal and maxillary turbinates, which are lined by transitional epithelium, are frequently the initial sites of injury in inhalation studies, but they may be unaffected when nasal lesions are caused by systemic exposure to an agent administered by another route or if enzymatic activation of the agent is required for toxicity. Nasal lesions are generally site specific due to regional deposition of the chemical and regional tissue susceptibility to the chemical, so it is advantageous to subdivide the diagnoses according to site, cell type, or other anatomic designators. The diagnoses should therefore identify the specific cell type(s) or anatomic site(s) involved, and most diagnoses of nasal lesions should include an epithelial type or another relevant anatomic landmark as a site modifier. The epithelial types affected are squamous, transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelium.
  • Chapter 2 Epithelium

    Chapter 2 Epithelium

    Chapter 2 Epithelial tissue Li Shu-Lei instructor Dept. Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Jilin University I General Biology of Epithelium 1.1 General structural features The cells are polarizable with free top surface and basal surface that rests on a basal lamina. Adhesion between these cells is strong because of tight juncion. The space between adjacent epithelial cells is very narrow and occupied by very little intercellular substance. There is innervation (nerve), but avascularity (no blood vessel), in epithelium. 1.2 principal functions: protection, covering and lining surfaces (skin); absorption (intestine); secretion (epithelial cells of gland); sensation (neuroepithelium); contractility (myoepithelial cells). Classification of epithelia Covering epithelium: which cover body surface or line the inner surface of body cavities, tubes and sac. Glandular epithelium: which main function is secretion. II Covering epithelium: According to the number of cells layers and morphology of cells Simple epi.: one layer of cells Stratified epi.: more than one layer 2.1 Simple epithelium According to cell form ---simple squamous epi. ---simple cuboidal epi. ---simple columnar epi. ---pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi. one layer flattened cells with flattened ellipic nucleus cell borders are interdigitate. (wave-shaped). The middle part of the cell is slightly thicker ---Distribution: endothelium: lining the inner surface of cardiovascular and lymphatic system. mesothelium: lining the inner surface of body cavities. thoracic, pericardiac and abdominal cavity Other place: alveolus of lung, parietal layer of renal capsule Blood vessel cells Simple squamous epi. in lateral view All blood vessels are lined with a simple squamous epithelium called endothelium (arrowheads). HE stain cytoplasma nucleus Simple squamous epi.