TODAY BOYS AND GIRLS WE WILL LEARN ABOUT: JUNCTIONS Below, explain Tight Junctions , Gap Junctions and Desmosomes as if you were telling that cousin of yours in Kindergarten! A= C= B= D= 3-4 Questions: Tissues Level 2 Headings / Vocabulary / Important Information Terminology •Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities – Histo = Tissue –…ology = study of •Pathologists – Study of cells and tissue; diseased – Patho = disease Four Main Types • Epithelial – Body surfaces, hollow organs, glands • Connective – Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat • Muscle – Movement and force application • Nervous – Stimulates action potential to activate body functions Germ Layers • Ectoderm – The primary layer which give rise to nervous system and the epidermis of skin • Mesoderm – Middle germ layer which gives rise to connective tissue, blood, muscles • Endoderm – Lower germ layer that gives rise to the GI tract, urinary bladder, and respiratory tract Junctions • Cell Junctions – Point of contact between adjacent membranes of various cell types • Tight Junctions -Fluid tight seal between cells to prevent leaking of substances into blood or surrounding tissues; stomach lining & urinary bladder, and intestines • Anchoring Junction (Desmosomes) – Fasten cells to on another, common in stretched areas such as heart, uterus, and outer skin • Gap Junction – Allow passage of chemical/electrical signals through connexons (protein tunnels-hollow cylinders) from cell to cell; i.e. muscular contraction, pain 3-4 Sentence Summary: a) Simple Squamous Epithelium P. 91 b) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium P. 91 Location: Location: c) Simple Columnar Epithelium P. 91 d) Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium P. 92 Location: Location: EPITHELIAL TISSUE • Function : Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion • Divisions : 1. Covering and Lining 2. Glandular Epithelium Tissue Arrangements Cell Shapes e) Stratified Squamous Epithelium P.92 f) Transitional Epithelium P. 92 Location: Location: Simple Squamous 3-4 Questions: •Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and Level 3 secretion in serous membranes •Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose, and wastes), Air Sac of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine) Simple Cuboidal •Function: Secretion and Absorption •Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova) Ciliated Simple Columnar •Function: Moves fluids and particles along passageways •Location: Found in respiratory tract (mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal Runny Nose) Non-Ciliated Columnar •Function: Microvilli secretion & Absorption •Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium •Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action •Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation) Stratified Squamous •Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin; vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue •Location: –Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin –Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina, Tongue) 3-4 Sentence Summary: Connective Tissue a) Bone P. 94 Connective Tissue b) Hyaline Cartilagte P. 95 Location: Location: Connective Tissue c) Fibrocartilage P. 95 Connective Tissue d) Dense Fibrous P. 95 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: Stratified Cuboidal Level 4 •Functions: Protection and limited secretion of sweat glands •Location: Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT) Transitional Epithelium •Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary. –Stretched = Squamous –Relaxed = Cuboidal •Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder Glandular Epithelium: Endocrine •Function: Produce hormones •Location: Thyroid, Pituitary Gland, Ovaries,Testicles Seretion of Exocrine Glands –Merocrine (or Eccrine) secretion •Forms the product and discharge from the cell entirely –Salivary Glands –Apocrine secretion •Product forms at apical surface and pinches off from rest of cell –Mammary gland –Holocrine secretion •Accumulates secretory product in cytosol, cell dies and is discharge with its product –Sebaceous Gland (Acne) CONNECTIVE TISSUE •Three basic characteristics: Cells –Fibroblasts – Large, flat immature cells responsible for mitosis & chemical secretion of matrix cmpds –Macrophages – Fixed vs. Wandering = Local or systemic Phagocytosis Plasma Cells – Synthesis of B Lymphcoyte ~ Antibodies –Mast Cells – Histamine production, Heparin & Warfarin (Anticoagulants) Ground Substance (Matrix) •Hyaluronic Acid –Cell binding, wound healing •Chondroitin Sulfate –Adhesiveness for bone, cartilage •Dermatan Sulfate –skin, tendons, heart valves •Keratan Sulfate –Bone, Cartilage Connective Tissue: e) Areolar P.96 Connective Tissue f) Adipose P.P.96 Location: Location: Connective Tissue g) Reticular Cartlage P. 96 Connective Tissue h) Blood P. 97 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: Fibers (Matrix) Level 5 •Collagen – Strength for tissues, most abundant •Elastin – Elasticity of tissues up to 150% of normal size •Reticular – Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma) Areolar Connective Tissue • Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and pappilary regions of skin • Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers ADIPOSE TISSUE –Fat • Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage Dense Regular Tissue • Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength • Strong attachment for • Tendons (Muscle to Bone) • Ligaments (Bone to Bone) Hyaline Cartilage • Extremely strong, but very flexible and elasctic • Smooth surface for reduction of friction • Movement of Joints, Flexibility, • Support (Trachea), Ossification Cartilage White Fibrocartilage • Extremely tough • Acts as a shock absorber, ball and socket joints Elastic Cartilage • Abundance of elastin for stretching capability • Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx Bone Compact vs. Spongy • Provides for support, Movement-Marrow (blood-forming ) Blood • Oxygen Transport • Clotting (platelets) • Immunity (WBC’s) • Nutrient delivery Muscle Tissue: a) Skeletal Striated P. 99 Muscle Tissue: b) Cardia P. 99 Location: Location: Muscle Tissue: c) Smooth P. 99 Nervous Tissue: a) Neurons P. 100 Location: Location: 3-4 Questions: MUSCLE TISSUE Level 6 Cardiac Muscle • Composes the heart wall • Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body • Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor) Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Attached to bones by tendons • Functions in body movements, posture, thermogenesis • Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily Smooth Muscle Tissue • Forms walls of many internal organs ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus • Functions in motion of internal organs Nervous Tissue • Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia • Neuron – Conversion from stimulus response to action potential (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron) 1. Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli 2. Axons – Conductor of impulse 3-4 Sentence Summary: STUDENT CHOICE ON TISSUE LAB Tissue Lab Directions: For each slide you look at you must do the following: Draw & color a complete, complex, intricate representation of each slide. Label each observation circle appropriately with the slide title and correct magnification viewed. Label any identifiable parts of the slide. Title: Bone (Ground) Dense Title: Stratified Squamous Epithelium Title: Transitional Epithelium Irregular Connective Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title: (Tendon) Dense Regular Title: Spinal Cord (Nervous Tissue) Title: Skin-Adipose Tissue Fibrous Tissue Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title : Muscle (3 Types) –Skeletal Striated Title: Muscle (3 Types)-Cardiac (Heart) Title: Muscle (3 Types)-Smooth Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ STUDENT CHOICE ON TISSUE LAB Tissue Lab Directions: For each slide you look at you must do the following: Draw & color a complete, complex, intricate representation of each slide. Label each observation circle appropriately with the slide title and correct magnification viewed. Label any identifiable parts of the slide. Title: Hyaline Cartilage Title: (Skin 2) Areolar Loose Title: (Trachea) Pseudostratified (Connective) Connective Tissue Ciliated Columnar Epithlium Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Title: Epithelium (3 Types) Simple Columnar Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ Mag: _______________ STAMP 1 STAMP 2 STAMP 3 STAMP 4 CANCER FLYER BASED ON TEXTBOOK ARTICLE PAGE 102/103 Tissues Vocabulary Review : Use you textbook & notes to answer the following… 1. Germ layer, which differentiates into the GI tract, bladder, and respiratory tract ____________________________ 2. The term given to an area where there are NO blood vessels ____________________________ 3. The study of tissues ____________________________ 4. Type of junction that creates a tight seal between cells allowing contact inhibition ____________________________ 5. Type of adipose tissue, which has a high amount of mitochondria responsible for High Heat ____________________________ 6. Form of connective tissue responsible for connecting bone to bone ____________________________ 7. A collection of differentiated, specialized cells ____________________________ 8. A structure found in cardiac muscle, which allows electric currents