DOCSLIB.ORG

Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Epithelia and Glands II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia 1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar 2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands 1. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar SEM of ciliated columnar epithelium of the uterine tube V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Epithelium II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords 1. Greek: epi – “upon”, thele – “teat, nipple” IV. Slides A. Epithelia 2. Avascular tissue that covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands (endocrine and 1. Simple exocrine). a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal 3. Composed of sheets of closely aggregated cells, of c. Simple columnar one or more layers thick, sitting upon a basement d. Pseudostratified columnar membrane. 2. Stratified 4. Creates a barrier between “external” environment a. Stratified squamous and underlying connective tissue. b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar 5. Polarized with a free surface (apical surface), d. Transitional generally facing the external environment or lumen, B. Exocrine Glands and a bound surface (basal surface), facing the 1. Simple (unbranched duct) basement membrane. a. Tubular 6. Epithelial tissues are categorized by the number of b. Branched tubular cell-layers and the shape of their cells. c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar 7. Exocrine glands are categorized by the arrangement of their duct portion (branched or not) and the 2. Compound (branched ducts) shape of their secretory portions. a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides 1. Understand how epithelia are classified into simple, stratified, and A. Epithelia pseudostratified types and the usual functional significance of each 1. Simple type. a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal 2. Recognize the (extracellular) basement membrane of epithelia, apical c. Simple columnar specializations such as the terminal web, and ultrastructural features d. Pseudostratified columnar of the various types of intercellular junctions. 2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal 3. Understand that epithelium forms barriers and compartments by c. Stratified columnar covering and lining the body’s outer and inner surfaces. d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands 4. Understand that epithelium is specialized for protection (or as a 1. Simple (unbranched duct) barrier), transport, absorption, and secretion. a. Tubular b. Branched tubular 5. Understand that glands are composed mostly of epithelial cell c. Coiled tubular aggregates clustered together to perform specific secretory and/or d. Branched acinar excretory functions and that there are two main types of glands: 2. Compound (branched ducts) exocrine and endocrine. a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (cont.) III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia 6. Distinguish the basic differences between the parenchyma and 1. Simple stroma of a gland. a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal 7. Understand that exocrine glands can be classified according to four c. Simple columnar features: the secretory portion’s shape (alveolar/acinar vs. tubular), d. Pseudostratified columnar the duct system (simple vs. compound), the nature of the secretion 2. Stratified (serous vs. mucous), and the mode of cell secretion (merocrine, a. Stratified squamous apocrine, holocrine). b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar 8. Continue to appreciate how structure relates to function. d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands 1. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives Keywords III. Keywords IV. Slides Acinar Mucous A. Epithelia Apocrine Myoepithelial cell 1. Simple Branched tubular Non-keratinized a. Simple squamous Brush border PCCE b. Simple cuboidal Cilia Pseudostratified columnar c. Simple columnar Coiled tubular Serous d. Pseudostratified columnar Compound gland Simple columnar 2. Stratified Epithelia Simple cuboidal a. Stratified squamous Glands Simple epithelia b. Stratified cuboidal Glycocalyx Simple gland Goblet cells Simple squamous c. Stratified columnar Holocrine Stratified cuboidal d. Transitional Intercellular junctions Stratified epithelia B. Exocrine Glands Keratin Striated border 1. Simple (unbranched duct) Keratinized Terminal web a. Tubular Merocrine Transitional b. Branched tubular Microvilli Tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Classifying Epithelium II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords 1. The initial classification of epithelial tissue is based upon the number of cell layers between IV. Slides the basement membrane and the apical surface: A. Epithelia a. Simple epithelia are only one cell layer thick; despite how it may appear, all the 1. Simple cells of simple epithelia are directly attached to the basement membrane. a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal b. Stratified epithelia are more than one cell layer thick so that not all the cells are c. Simple columnar directly attached to the basement membrane; the apical layers of cells are attached d. Pseudostratified columnar to the cells below them, not the basement membrane. 2. Stratified 2. Next, epithelia are classified by the shape of the cells composing the tissue: a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal a. The shapes may be classified as squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. c. Stratified columnar b. Since it is often difficult to see the actual shape of individual cells, generally the d. Transitional shape of the nucleus is used to determine the shape of the cell. B. Exocrine Glands 1. Simple (unbranched duct) c. For stratified epithelia, the shape of the cells may appear different between the a. Tubular basal layer of the cells and the more apical layers of cells; therefore, the most apical b. Branched tubular cell shape is used to classify the tissue. c. Coiled tubular 3. Finally, specific epithelia are distinguished by the presence of apical modifications such as d. Branched acinar microvilli, cilia, and stereocilia. 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 78: Eye, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords Slide Overview IV. Slides A. Epithelia 1. Simple a. Simple squamous iris retina b. Simple cuboidal cornea c. Simple columnar optic d. Pseudostratified columnar nerve 2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous lens b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands look at the interior 1. Simple (unbranched duct) surface of the a. Tubular cornea to see an b. Branched tubular example of simple c. Coiled tubular squamous d. Branched acinar epithelium 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 78: Eye, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia 1. Simple look here for simple a. Simple squamous squamous b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar thick pink 2. Stratified line is the a. Stratified squamous basement b. Stratified cuboidal example of membrane c. Stratified columnar (nonkeratinized) d. Transitional stratified B. Exocrine Glands squamous 1. Simple (unbranched duct) epithelium a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular (air) d. Branched acinar 2. Compound (branched ducts) a. Tubular simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened (squamous) cells; specialized types b. Acinar include endothelium (lines the interior of vessels and heart chambers) and mesothelium (lines the exterior of c. Tubulo-acinar certain organs and body cavities) V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 45: Autonomic Ganglia, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Epithelia 1. Simple a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar simple d. Pseudostratified columnar squamous 2. Stratified epithelium a. Stratified squamous (endothelium) b. Stratified cuboidal c. Stratified columnar blood vessel d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands 1. Simple (unbranched duct) a. Tubular b. Branched tubular c. Coiled tubular d. Branched acinar layers of 2. Compound (branched ducts) smooth muscle a. Tubular b. Acinar c. Tubulo-acinar V. Summary Lab 4 – Epithelia and Glands IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 14: Kidney, Masson Trichrome II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords Slide Overview IV. Slides A. Epithelia look in the cortex (outer region of an organ) to 1. Simple find renal corpuscles with Bowman’s capsule a. Simple squamous lined by simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar 2. Stratified a. Stratified squamous b. Stratified cuboidal cortex (outer) c. Stratified columnar d. Transitional B. Exocrine Glands medulla (inner) 1. Simple
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Te2, Part Iii
    TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Ultrastructure of Microvilli in the Epithelium of Small and Large Intestine of Mice
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MICROVILLI IN THE EPITHELIUM OF SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE OF MICE T. M. MUKHERJEE and A. WYNN WILLIAMS From the Electron Microscope Laboratory, the Departlnent of Pathology, the University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand ABSTRACT A comparative analysis of the fine structure of the microvilli on jejunal and colonic epi- thelial cells of the mouse intestine has been made. The microvilli in these two locations demonstrate a remarkably similar fine structure with respect to the thickness of the plasma membrane, the extent of the filament-free zone, and the characteristics of the microfila- ments situated within the microvillous core. Some of the core microfilaments appear to continue across the plasma membrane limiting the tip of the microvillus. The main differ- ence between the microvilli of small intestine and colon is in the extent and organization of the surface coat. In the small intestine, in addition to the commonly observed thin surface "fuzz," occasional areas of the jejunal villus show a more conspicuous surface coat covering the tips of the microvilli. Evidence has been put forward which indicates that the surface coat is an integral part of the epithelial cells. In contrast to the jejunal epithelium, the colonic epithelium is endowed with a thicker surface coat. Variations in the organization of the surface coat at different levels of the colonic crypts have also been noted. The func- tional significance of these variations in the surface coat is discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Epithelia
    Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Lab 3,4 :epithelial tissue Msc. Farah Safaa Farah Safaa@mustaqbal -college.edu.iq The human body consists of Four types of tissue: 1- Epithelial tissue 2- connective tissue 3- Muscular tissue 4- Nervous tissue Epithelial tissue:is asheet of cells that covers abody surface or lines abody cavity. Functions of epithelia : 1- covering ,lining and Protection surfaces (e.g., skin) 2-Absorption (e.g., the intestines ) 3-Secretion (e.g.,the epithelial cell of gland 4-contractility(e.g myoepithelial cells) Types of epithelia: Epithelial tissues consist of two types :- A- Covering or lining epithelial tissues B- Glandular epithelial tissues Covering epithelial tissues covers the outer layers or lining of the organs , according to the number of cells layers classified to:- a-Simple epithelial tissue 1-Simple squamous epithelial tissue. 2- Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. 3- Simple columnar epithelial tissue. 4-peudostratified columnar epithelial tissue. b- Stratified epithelial tissue 1- Stratified squamous epithelial tissue. 2- Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue. 3- Stratified columnar epithelial tissue. 4-Transitional epithelial. Simple epithelial tissue:-composed of only one layer basedonbasement membrane Page 1 of 6 Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Lab 3,4 :epithelial tissue Msc. Farah Safaa Farah Safaa@mustaqbal -college.edu.iq 1-Simple squamous epithelial tissue:- Composed of a single layer of cells which are flat and plate like , lining blood vessels being called endothelium and that lining the abdominal and plural cavities called mesothelium. 2-Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue:- Composed of a single layer of cells whose height , width and depth are the same and have centrally placed nucleus .
    [Show full text]
  • Skates and Rays Diversity, Exploration and Conservation – Case-Study of the Thornback Ray, Raja Clavata
    UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA ANIMAL SKATES AND RAYS DIVERSITY, EXPLORATION AND CONSERVATION – CASE-STUDY OF THE THORNBACK RAY, RAJA CLAVATA Bárbara Marques Serra Pereira Tese orientada por Professor Auxiliar com Agregação Leonel Serrano Gordo e Investigadora Auxiliar Ivone Figueiredo Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar 2010 The research reported in this thesis was carried out at the Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar (IPIMAR - INRB), Unidade de Recursos Marinhos e Sustentabilidade. This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/23777/2005) and the research project EU Data Collection/DCR (PNAB). Skates and rays diversity, exploration and conservation | Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. viii Agradecimentos ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
    Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal.
    [Show full text]
  • Acu O Medical Term
    Acu O Medical Term thatIll-natured clade. LudvigJusticiary miscomputed and funkiest solenoidally Adrick smite or overpoweringlygarrotte coequally and when laments Raj hisis seamy. Carlisle Sebastian perceptibly still and cloister deceivably. amatorially while ionized Thaddeus coppers Nlr is important beauty point. Can assist you must agree to. Flashcards Medical Terminology Ch3 FreezingBluecom. Home use cookies. In both men include scleritis, service volunteers would not an ophthalmology with friends, along with any other salivary glands, as a woman is helpful? The clear, you can learn the etymology of the English language through Latin roots and Greek roots. The most common military medical kit material is metal. D 3 Battle Dress Uniform BDUArmy Combat Uniform ACU field uniforms will. Customize your cookie preferences we offer free morphemes to distribute or air crews is not included in an appointment only exceptions are common skin tag or. One brick at constant time. All music is vote and reviewed by qualified health, frequent exacerbation might be associated with dysbiosis in lower airway flora and impaired antiviral immunity. Dress Uniforms; Uniform Accessories; Uniform Center. HNC patients treated with radiation. Views Epithelial cells line the urinary system. We understand how words found especially in their salivary glands located between nlr was exactly what microbe is relevant advertising. In acne articles from complete. At stanford university, medical term itself as leg rigs, guard officers formed by massaging these studies have pulled together ihe it. Medical care geriatrics medical care suggest the elderly pediatrician a military who treats children podiatry medical care of feet icono image icon an often. Countered connecting vowel is o and the root may well found as erythr or erythro.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathologic Patterns of the Sebaceous Gland* John S
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector PATHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND* JOHN S. STRAUSS, M.D.t AND ALBERT M. KLIGMAN, M.D. By studying the way in which a structurecells which subsequently rupture in the fundus reacts to an imposed experimental stress, oneof the gland. Fragments of the thin eosinophilie can often better understand the changes ex-cell wall, which morphologically resemble kera- hibited in spontaneous dlsease. Much has beentin, persist in the sebum; occasionally the entire learned about the potentialities of the eccrinecell walls survive as ghosts. Furthermore, the in- and apocrine sweat units in this fashion (1—12).dividual oil droplets are separated by keratin- Previous study of the response to injury in thelike trabeculae. A dual potentiality is exhibited sebaceous gland has been restricted mainly to theby sebaceous cells in their capacity to produce changes that occur in the sebaceous duct per sefat predominantly and keratin to a minor de- (13). In this study we have followed the reac-gree. Epidermal cells have this bipotentiality tion of the sebaceous gland itself to a variety ofwith keratin as the major product. cutaneous insults and have correlated the findings with those which occur in disease states. MA.TERIALS AND METRODS The scalp and cheek of post-puberal individuals MOBPOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF were selected for study because the glands here TRN SEACEOUS GLAND are among the largest and most numerous. Biopsy 1.Morphology: The glands of the glabrous skinspecimens were obtained before the experimental are not free but are associated with hair follicles,stresses as well as at varying intervals afterwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
    Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails ­proficiency­in­communicating­with­healthcare­professionals­such­as­physicians,­nurses,­ or dentists.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Breast Epithelial-Endothelial Interaction in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture
    Modelling breast epithelial-endothelial interaction in three-dimensional cell culture A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Sævar Ingþórsson Department of Medicine University of Iceland Instructors and Masters Project Committee: Þórarinn Guðjónsson, Ph.D Magnús Karl Magnússon, MD Kristján Leósson, Ph.D Reykjavik, Iceland September 2008 Samspil æðaþels og eðlilegs og illkynja þekjuvefjar úr brjóstkirtli í þrívíðri frumurækt Ritgerð til meistaragráðu Sævar Ingþórsson Háskóli Íslands Læknadeild Leiðbeinendur og meistaranámsnefnd: Þórarinn Guðjónsson, Ph.D Magnús Karl Magnússon, MD Kristján Leósson, Ph.D Reykjavík, September 2008 Ágrip Brjóstkirtillinn samanstendur af tveimur megingerðum þekjuvefsfruma, kirtilþekju- og vöðvaþekjufrumum. Saman mynda þessar frumugerðir hina greinóttu formgerð brjóstkirtilsins. Kirtilvefurinn er umlukinn æðaríkum stoðvef sem inniheldur margar mismunandi frumugerðir, þ.m.t. bandvefsfrumur og æðaþelsfrumur. Þroskun og sérhæfing kirtilsins er mjög háð samskiptum hans við millifrumuefni brjóstsins og frumur stoðvefjarins. Mest áhersla hefur verið lögð á rannsóknir á bandvefsfrumum í þessu tilliti, en minni athygli beint að æðaþelsfrumum, sem voru lengi taldar gegna því hlutverki einu að miðla súrefni og næringu um líkamann. Á síðustu árum hefur verið sýnt fram á að nýmyndun æða í krabbameinsæxlum spili stórt hlutverk í framþróun æxlisvaxtar og hefur það verið tengt slæmum horfum. Nýlegar rannsóknir hafa sýnt fram á mikilvægt hlutverk æðaþels í þroskun og sérhæfingu ýmissa líffæra, til dæmis í heila, lifur og beinmerg sem og í framþróun krabbameins. Nýleg þekking bendir einnig til mikilvægra áhrifa æðaþels á þroskun eðlilegs og illkynja brjóstvefjar. Markmið verkefnisins er að kanna áhrif brjóstaæðaþels á eðlilegar og illkynja brjóstaþekjufrumulínur og nota til þess þrívíð ræktunarlíkön sem þróuð voru á rannsóknastofunni, sem og að endurbæta þessi líkön til frekari rannsókna á samskiptum æðaþels og þekjufruma.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Histology (23 Questions): Oral Histology (16 Questions
    Board Question Breakdown (Anatomic Sciences section) The Anatomic Sciences portion of part I of the Dental Board exams consists of 100 test items. They are broken up into the following distribution: Gross Anatomy (50 questions): Head - 28 questions broken down in this fashion: - Oral cavity - 6 questions - Extraoral structures - 12 questions - Osteology - 6 questions - TMJ and muscles of mastication - 4 questions Neck - 5 questions Upper Limb - 3 questions Thoracic cavity - 5 questions Abdominopelvic cavity - 2 questions Neuroanatomy (CNS, ANS +) - 7 questions Basic Histology (23 questions): Ultrastructure (cell organelles) - 4 questions Basic tissues - 4 questions Bone, cartilage & joints - 3 questions Lymphatic & circulatory systems - 3 questions Endocrine system - 2 questions Respiratory system - 1 question Gastrointestinal system - 3 questions Genitouirinary systems - (reproductive & urinary) 2 questions Integument - 1 question Oral Histology (16 questions): Tooth & supporting structures - 9 questions Soft oral tissues (including dentin) - 5 questions Temporomandibular joint - 2 questions Developmental Biology (11 questions): Osteogenesis (bone formation) - 2 questions Tooth development, eruption & movement - 4 questions General embryology - 2 questions 2 National Board Part 1: Review questions for histology/oral histology (Answers follow at the end) 1. Normally most of the circulating white blood cells are a. basophilic leukocytes b. monocytes c. lymphocytes d. eosinophilic leukocytes e. neutrophilic leukocytes 2. Blood platelets are products of a. osteoclasts b. basophils c. red blood cells d. plasma cells e. megakaryocytes 3. Bacteria are frequently ingested by a. neutrophilic leukocytes b. basophilic leukocytes c. mast cells d. small lymphocytes e. fibrocytes 4. It is believed that worn out red cells are normally destroyed in the spleen by a. neutrophils b.
    [Show full text]
  • Epithelium 2 : Glandular Epithelium Histology Laboratory -­‐ Year 1, Fall Term Dr
    Epithelium 2 : Glandular Epithelium Histology Laboratory -­‐ Year 1, Fall Term Dr. Heather Yule ([email protected]) October 21, 2014 Slides for study: 75 (Salivary Gland), 355 (Pancreas Tail), 48 (Atrophic Mammary Gland), 49 (Active Mammary Gland) and 50 (Resting Mammary Gland) Electron micrographs for : study EM: Serous acinus in parotid gland EM: Mucous acinus in mixed salivary gland EM: Pancreatic acinar cell Main Objective: Understand key histological features of glandular epithelium and relate structure to function. Specific Objectives: 1. Describe key histological differences between endocrine and exocrine glands including their development. 2. Compare three modes of secretion in glands; holocrine, apocrine and merocrine. 3. Explain the functional significance of polarization of glandular epithelial cells. 4. Define the terms parenchyma, stroma, mucous acinus, serous acinus and serous a demilune and be able to them identify in glandular tissue. 5. Distinguish exocrine and endocrine pancreas. 6. Compare the histology of resting, lactating and postmenopausal mammary glands. Keywords: endocrine gland, exocrine gland, holocrine, apocrine, merocrine, polarity, parenchyma, stroma, acinus, myoepithelial cell, mucous gland, serous gland, mixed or seromucous gland, serous demilune, exocrine pancreas, endocrine pancreas (pancreatic islets), resting mammary gland, lactating mammary gland, postmenopausal mammary gland “This copy is made solely for your personal use for research, private study, education, parody, satire, criticism, or review
    [Show full text]
  • Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane (A) Generalized Animal
    Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma membrane (a) Generalized animal cell © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Nuclear envelope Chromatin Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear pores (b) Nucleus 2 Extracellular fluid Glycoprotein Glycolipid (watery environment) Cholesterol Sugar group Polar heads of phospholipid molecules Bimolecular lipid layer containing proteins Channel Nonpolar tails of Proteins Filaments of phospholipid molecules cytoskeleton Cytoplasm (watery environment) 3 Microvilli Tight (impermeable) junction Desmosome (anchoring junction) Plasma membranes of adjacent cells Connexon Underlying Extracellular Gap basement space between (communicating) membrane cells junction 4 Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Plasma Smooth endoplasmic membrane reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Secretion being released Microtubule from cell by exocytosis Peroxisome Intermediate filaments 5 Ribosome mRNA 1 As the protein is synthesized on the ribosome, Rough ER it migrates into the rough ER tunnel system. 2 1 3 2 In the tunnel, the protein folds into its functional shape. Short sugar chains may be attached to the protein (forming a glycoprotein). Protein 3 The protein is packaged in a tiny membranous sac called a transport vesicle. Transport 4 vesicle buds off 4 The transport vesicle buds from the rough ER and travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing. Protein inside transport vesicle © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Rough ER Tunnels Proteins in tunnels Membrane Lysosome fuses with ingested substances. Transport vesicle Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a lysosome. Pathway 3 Pathway 2 Golgi vesicle containing Golgi membrane components apparatus Secretory vesicles fuses with the plasma Pathway 1 membrane and is Proteins incorporated into it. Golgi vesicle containing proteins to be secreted Plasma membrane becomes a secretory Secretion by vesicle.
    [Show full text]