Organised Phonology Data

Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) Language [GDR] Daru – Western Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; Trans-Fly Subphylum; Eastern-Trans-Fly Family Population census: 3000 Major villages: Wipim, Yamega, Podare, Kapal, Rual, Wonie, Gamaewe, Kuru, Abam, Wuroi, Woigi, Dorogori and Ume Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Jae-Wook Shim, September 2000

Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory

 b  d e  i …, d k l m n   o p r s t u w j a b b’ d e g i … j k l m n ny ng o p r s t u w,u y,i

A B B' D E G I ™ J K L M N Ny Ng O P R S T U W,U Y,I

Consonants

Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k  Nasal m n   Trill Tap/Flap  Fricative s Lateral Fricative Approx j Lateral l Approx Ejective Stop Implos 

/w/ labio-velar approximant

/ d / voiced alveolar affricate

p pingg 'bow' b bib…r 'day' yepa 'one' mobi 'moon' kip 'hole' t…b 'grass' …pka 'cutting' submop 'intestine' wulpot 'fire stick' kemba 'banana'

Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 2

 b’…ga 'child' d j… 'body' b'ub…gawar 'family' bojog 'creek' - ikonj 'came-3s' - ejgata ‘challenging’ - wanjak…p 'redberry' m man 'you' k kemag 'year' kumop 'knee' …ki 'star' s…m 'yesterday' kak 'bone' komkisa 'all' - otmanti 'good' lonkongga 'sun' pemb 'hot'

 giri 'knife'  riga 'man' moga 'scared' piro 'rain' beb…g 'heavy' urar 'kind’ ogna 'cooking' orkak ‘tooth’ ongg…t 'this' g…mrom 'frightened' tungg 'village' t tug…m 'mouth'  ng…mb 'breast' nate 'inside' singi 'like' y…t 'word' d…ng 'thorn' netken 'come-1sg' nangga 'what' timtim 'black' mopng…i 'hair' d d…k…nd 'here' l lamyap 'papaya' d…de 'and' wala 'garden' mid 'old man' ngel 'sweet potato' r…dnat 'when' ulk…p 'money' n…nda 'several' - n neg…r 'bad'  nya ‘way’ ngena 'bird' nany ‘elder’ ton 'he' nyonya ‘asthma’ n…nda 'several' omn…ka 'making' onyga ‘cleaning ground’ ukenj 'born-3s' *Cny - s seg 'finish' w wagur ‘rainbow’ k…s…r 'yam' gou ‘land’ p…s 'leg' aw r ‘nothing’ naska 'first' … - …paukita ‘passing through’ s…tawar 'morning' kwa ‘again’

y yap ‘grassland’ wiya ‘cassowary’

Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 3

Vowels

i  u

e  o

 i irebe 'fingernail' i ytmukis ‘he sends him’ giri 'knife' ti 'this' i yg ‘cut-3s’ diam ‘meal’  

 ki 'star' i rb 'wind' ie yete 'who' r ‘feast’ a 'urine' io yomnk 'make-3s' ayo 'come'

 k ‘wine’ i yapa 'axe' j ‘body’ lyamog 'how many' ekya 'come-dual' yt ‘word’

ngi ‘hair’ iu yu 'today' wuyn ‘we go’

i ng…i 'hair' e ekya 'go-dual' menggr 'root' kake 'behind' ei keinkak 'anklebone' beag 'vegetable' okaen 'give-1s' i kai 'rope' u useken 'talk-1s' tungg 'village' u kau 'cow b'u 'father' au ‘dirt’ uog ‘cocnut strainer’

oi koi ‘swollen skin’ o omiti 'sitting' ukoi ‘big’ kopa 'sick' popo 'flower' ou gou 'land' toakak 'axe head' leo 'husband' ui awiny…n 'eat-1s'

ama 'there'  u… w…tmukis ‘he sends her’ paja 'far' ngena 'bird' gaep ‘bird-sp’ u w… ‘skirt’ b'eag 'vegetable'

ue wenmam 'lighting' ii yipoen 'fight-1s'

Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 4 u wagur 'thunder' kewar 'body'

/ii/ /i / /i/ /ie/ /i/ /io/ /iu/ /i/ /ei/ /i/ /u/

/ui/ /u/ /u/ /ue/ /u/ /uo/

Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Primary stress is on the first syllable. Compound words take additional secondary stress on the additional component.

Syllable Patterns V  'and' u.kenj 'born-3s' t o.a.kak 'axe's head' no.a 'three' VC ag 'mother' ot.man.ti 'great' b'e.at 'wallaby' VCC inj 'speak-3s' CV ti 'this' ko.pa 'sick' o.mi.ti 'sitting' ….ki 'star' CVC sm 'yesterday' mop.ng…y 'hair' ot.man.ti 'good' n….mog 'two' CCV kwa ‘again’ lya.mog ‘how many’ CVCC pemb 'hot' kimb.ra smoke’ i.konj 'he went' CCVC la.myap ‘papaya’ im.byag ‘eagle’

Conventions: Phonological

Voiced plosives / p t k / are aspirated as free variation. But in fast speech the aspiration drops out.

Bilabial voiced implosive / / occurs only word initially. Semivowels, /j, w/, only occur in non syllabic positions.

/  / and // are different phonemes, but there are some distributional constraints between them.

Conventions: Orthographic

The phoneme /  / is written as < b' > and the phoneme / d / as < j >, because the people prefer these symbols.

The phonemes /j/ and /w/ are written as < i > and < u > when they occur in syllable coda positions and as and when they occur in syllable onset postions.

// and // are written in the same way <>, because people identify they are one.

Transcription of a recorded passage

/kon ispkisn | rmen sn met ioromu  sn sm stwr utnkomm |  tuimn dknd  s n teromm kpiri | iridzo |  jp  sn jotomkmu re tb n jpkmu  reket tb pk se | met n  ou jondzeniumu   ot kke r klkomm  nnd re metomb km, wujm |  nnd re tod Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 5

pu km wujm |  nnd re tod supk km wujm |  nnd re tod wndz km wujm  toda j mejm r ke ko re ton snrom ke dr n tejrom  met ket snrom ipsekmu |  dr epkom  sn nnd tomb kip n ukomm |  tot ejenomm  se reket bime ke wku idrk ejenomm | supk | wndz   tow  reket se wkom | dr jotomu omdzk |  snrom d jowkmu |  pu d jo rmkmu  met or kke | wuenijmn tu u /

< Kon ispkisn rngmena sn met yorangaomu. Sn sm stawar utnkomam,  tuymn dknd. Sn teromam kapagiri, girijog,  yapa. Sn yotomkmu re tb na ypkmu. Reket tb pka seg, met na gow yonganjenyumu. ™ onggt kake rga b'akalkomam. Nnda re metomba kam wuym, nnda re toda pug kam wuym,  nnda re toda gasupkag kam wuym,  nnda re toda wanja kam wuym. Toda Yamegayam rga ake kongga re ton sanarom ake dr na teirom. Met ket sanarom ipsekmu,  dr epkom. Sn nnda tomba kip na aukomam,  tot eienomam. Seg reket bigme ake wakwa drka eienomam, gasupkag, wanja,  tou. Reket seg aukom, dr yotomu omjka,  sanarom da youkmu,  pug da yoramkmu. Met oranga kake wenmyn tungg wa. >

' I am explaining how we built a house. Yesterday morning we got up and came here. We brought bush knives, grass knives, and axes. We started cutting grass. After cutting grass we leveled the ground for a house. After this we separated into several groups. Some of us went to cut the trees for posts, some for the floor, some for the studs, and some went for the trusses. Yamega people also brought sago leaves for the roof and sago stalks for the wall. We wowe the sago leaves and cut the sago stalks. Some of us dug the ground for posts and then put the posts in them. After finishing it we put on bearers, floor joints, studs, and braces with nails. After finishing that we started to make the wall, to put the sago leaves on the roof, and made the floor. After making the house we went to the village.'

Bibliography Shim, Jae Wook. 1993. Organized Phonology Data of Wipi. Manuscript. SIL, Ukarumpa.