Organised Phonology Data Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) Language [GDR] Daru – Western Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; Trans-Fly Subphylum; Eastern-Trans-Fly Family Population census: 3000 Major villages: Wipim, Yamega, Podare, Kapal, Rual, Wonie, Gamaewe, Kuru, Abam, Wuroi, Woigi, Dorogori and Ume Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Jae-Wook Shim, September 2000 Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory b d e i …, d k l m n o p r s t u w j a b b’ d e g i … j k l m n ny ng o p r s t u w,u y,i A B B' D E G I ™ J K L M N Ny Ng O P R S T U W,U Y,I Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t d k Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative s Lateral Fricative Approx j Lateral l Approx Ejective Stop Implos /w/ labio-velar approximant / d / voiced alveolar affricate p pingg 'bow' b bib…r 'day' yepa 'one' mobi 'moon' kip 'hole' t…b 'grass' …pka 'cutting' submop 'intestine' wulpot 'fire stick' kemba 'banana' Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 2 b’…ga 'child' d j… 'body' b'ub…gawar 'family' bojog 'creek' - ikonj 'came-3s' - ejgata ‘challenging’ - wanjak…p 'redberry' m man 'you' k kemag 'year' kumop 'knee' …ki 'star' s…m 'yesterday' kak 'bone' komkisa 'all' - otmanti 'good' lonkongga 'sun' pemb 'hot' giri 'knife' riga 'man' moga 'scared' piro 'rain' beb…g 'heavy' urar 'kind’ ogna 'cooking' orkak ‘tooth’ ongg…t 'this' g…mrom 'frightened' tungg 'village' t tug…m 'mouth' ng…mb 'breast' nate 'inside' singi 'like' y…t 'word' d…ng 'thorn' netken 'come-1sg' nangga 'what' timtim 'black' mopng…i 'hair' d d…k…nd 'here' l lamyap 'papaya' d…de 'and' wala 'garden' mid 'old man' ngel 'sweet potato' r…dnat 'when' ulk…p 'money' n…nda 'several' - n neg…r 'bad' nya ‘way’ ngena 'bird' nany ‘elder’ ton 'he' nyonya ‘asthma’ n…nda 'several' omn…ka 'making' onyga ‘cleaning ground’ ukenj 'born-3s' *Cny - s seg 'finish' w wagur ‘rainbow’ k…s…r 'yam' gou ‘land’ p…s 'leg' aw r ‘nothing’ naska 'first' … - …paukita ‘passing through’ s…tawar 'morning' kwa ‘again’ y yap ‘grassland’ wiya ‘cassowary’ Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 3 Vowels i u e o i irebe 'fingernail' i ytmukis ‘he sends him’ giri 'knife' ti 'this' i yg ‘cut-3s’ diam ‘meal’ ki 'star' i rb 'wind' ie yete 'who' r ‘feast’ a 'urine' io yomnk 'make-3s' ayo 'come' k ‘wine’ i yapa 'axe' j ‘body’ lyamog 'how many' ekya 'come-dual' yt ‘word’ ngi ‘hair’ iu yu 'today' wuyn ‘we go’ i ng…i 'hair' e ekya 'go-dual' menggr 'root' kake 'behind' ei keinkak 'anklebone' beag 'vegetable' okaen 'give-1s' i kai 'rope' u useken 'talk-1s' tungg 'village' u kau 'cow b'u 'father' au ‘dirt’ uog ‘cocnut strainer’ oi koi ‘swollen skin’ o omiti 'sitting' ukoi ‘big’ kopa 'sick' popo 'flower' ou gou 'land' toakak 'axe head' leo 'husband' ui awiny…n 'eat-1s' ama 'there' u… w…tmukis ‘he sends her’ paja 'far' ngena 'bird' gaep ‘bird-sp’ u w… ‘skirt’ b'eag 'vegetable' ue wenmam 'lighting' ii yipoen 'fight-1s' Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 4 u wagur 'thunder' kewar 'body' /ii/ /i / /i/ /ie/ /i/ /io/ /iu/ /i/ /ei/ /i/ /u/ /ui/ /u/ /u/ /ue/ /u/ /uo/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Primary stress is on the first syllable. Compound words take additional secondary stress on the additional component. Syllable Patterns V 'and' u.kenj 'born-3s' t o.a.kak 'axe's head' no.a 'three' VC ag 'mother' ot.man.ti 'great' b'e.at 'wallaby' VCC inj 'speak-3s' CV ti 'this' ko.pa 'sick' o.mi.ti 'sitting' ….ki 'star' CVC sm 'yesterday' mop.ng…y 'hair' ot.man.ti 'good' n….mog 'two' CCV kwa ‘again’ lya.mog ‘how many’ CVCC pemb 'hot' kimb.ra smoke’ i.konj 'he went' CCVC la.myap ‘papaya’ im.byag ‘eagle’ Conventions: Phonological Voiced plosives / p t k / are aspirated as free variation. But in fast speech the aspiration drops out. Bilabial voiced implosive / / occurs only word initially. Semivowels, /j, w/, only occur in non syllabic positions. / / and // are different phonemes, but there are some distributional constraints between them. Conventions: Orthographic The phoneme / / is written as < b' > and the phoneme / d / as < j >, because the people prefer these symbols. The phonemes /j/ and /w/ are written as < i > and < u > when they occur in syllable coda positions and as <y> and <w> when they occur in syllable onset postions. // and // are written in the same way <>, because people identify they are one. Transcription of a recorded passage /kon ispkisn | rmen sn met ioromu sn sm stwr utnkomm | tuimn dknd s n teromm kpiri | iridzo | jp sn jotomkmu re tb n jpkmu reket tb pk se | met n ou jondzeniumu ot kke r klkomm nnd re metomb km, wujm | nnd re tod Wipi (Gidra, Oriomo, Jibu) OPD Printed: September 21, 2004 Page 5 pu km wujm | nnd re tod supk km wujm | nnd re tod wndz km wujm toda j mejm r ke ko re ton snrom ke dr n tejrom met ket snrom ipsekmu | dr epkom sn nnd tomb kip n ukomm | tot ejenomm se reket bime ke wku idrk ejenomm | supk | wndz tow reket se wkom | dr jotomu omdzk | snrom d jowkmu | pu d jo rmkmu met or kke | wuenijmn tu u / < Kon ispkisn rngmena sn met yorangaomu. Sn sm stawar utnkomam, tuymn dknd. Sn teromam kapagiri, girijog, yapa. Sn yotomkmu re tb na ypkmu. Reket tb pka seg, met na gow yonganjenyumu. ™ onggt kake rga b'akalkomam. Nnda re metomba kam wuym, nnda re toda pug kam wuym, nnda re toda gasupkag kam wuym, nnda re toda wanja kam wuym. Toda Yamegayam rga ake kongga re ton sanarom ake dr na teirom. Met ket sanarom ipsekmu, dr epkom. Sn nnda tomba kip na aukomam, tot eienomam. Seg reket bigme ake wakwa drka eienomam, gasupkag, wanja, tou. Reket seg aukom, dr yotomu omjka, sanarom da youkmu, pug da yoramkmu. Met oranga kake wenmyn tungg wa. > ' I am explaining how we built a house. Yesterday morning we got up and came here. We brought bush knives, grass knives, and axes. We started cutting grass. After cutting grass we leveled the ground for a house. After this we separated into several groups. Some of us went to cut the trees for posts, some for the floor, some for the studs, and some went for the trusses. Yamega people also brought sago leaves for the roof and sago stalks for the wall. We wowe the sago leaves and cut the sago stalks. Some of us dug the ground for posts and then put the posts in them. After finishing it we put on bearers, floor joints, studs, and braces with nails. After finishing that we started to make the wall, to put the sago leaves on the roof, and made the floor. After making the house we went to the village.' Bibliography Shim, Jae Wook. 1993. Organized Phonology Data of Wipi. Manuscript. SIL, Ukarumpa. .