National Gaming Council. INSTITUTION Envicometrics, Inc., I:Ashington, D.C.; Scientific Resources, Inc., Union, N.J
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 049 109 SO 000 885 AUTHOR House, Peter W.; And Others TITLE National Gaming Council. INSTITUTION Envicometrics, Inc., i:ashington, D.C.; Scientific Resources, Inc., Union, N.J. PUB DATE 17 Apr 70 NOTE 3020.; 9th Symposium, April 17-19, 1970 EDRS PRICE FURS Price MF-$0.65 BC-4;13.16 DESCRIPTORS *City Planning, Community Development, *Community Planning, Conference Reports, Design Needs, Ecoaomics, *Educational ;i3MPS, Foreign Relations, Geography, Resource Materials, *Simulation, *Social Scienccs ABSTRACT This publication describes thirty-three simulation games discussed at the 9th Symi:osium o( the Council in April of 1970. Those articles related to the social sciences are:1) Teaching Economics with Competitive Games; 2)An Economic :trategy Analysis Gam'; 3)A Social Simulation Strategy for Reseircning the Israeli Arab Conflict; 4)The Use of Simulation Games in Instruction; 5) Simulation in High School Geography; 6)The Carolina Population Center Family Planning Policy Game; 7)Economics of the Environment Decision Model: A First Step; 6)The Design Dilemma: Social Science Games for Whom; 9)Gaming Simulation of Urban Spatial Processes; 10) The Connecticut Game; 113 Fun City: An Urban Planning Game;12) Two Urban Election Simulations and Urban Analysis; 13)Urban Game Design; 14) Simulation Games in Social Science Teachings and Research; 15) Learning Games in the DePaul College; 16)Simulation in Behavioral Research and Training in the Field of Special Education Administration; 17) Build: A Community Development Simulation ame; and,18) Czechoslovakia 1960:A Simulation. Otner types of simulation games include: war, finance, community emergencio!;, naval operations, air defense, industrial management, tire protection, and bridge playing. (SPE) ;IX , 1. A 1 Vo 1 / * \, a a \ . i \ '4 N s osium riF 1-1 1 T fi4 U.S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN FERRO DIKED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERS,O OF ORGANIZATION °RIG INATING IT FONTS OF VIEW OR OPIN IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF ECU CA TION POSITION OR POL CY national gaming mull THE MATERIAL PRESENTED HEREIN REPRESENTS THE VIEWS AND OPINIONS OF THE RESPECTIVE AUTHORS. PUBLISHED BY ENVIROMETRICS, INCORPORATED AND SCIENTIFICRESOURCESE CORPORATION APRIL 1970 CONTENTS PREFACE PETER W. HOUSE META MODELING AND WAR GAMES GEORGE ARMSTRONG GENERALITY IN A MAN-COMPUTER RICHARD F. BARTON GAMING MODEL TEACHING ECONOMICS WITH MARTIN SHUBIK COMPETITIVE GAMES A FINANCIAL MODEL FOR A ROBERT P. BEALS COMMERCIAL BANK AN ECONOMIC STRATEGY ANALYSIS JAMES A. ZWERNEMAN GAME A SOCIAL SIMULATION STRATEGY JOSEPH D. BEN-DAK FOR RESEARCHING THE ISRAELI- ARAB CONFLICT LOW-LEVEL GAMING IN A COMMUNITY CHARLES J. DAVIS EMERGENCY OPERATIONS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT THE USE OF SIMULATION GAMES IN JERRY H. FLETCHER INSTRUCTION SIMULATION IN HIGH SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY ANUS M. GUNN THE CAROLINA POPULATION CENTER THOMAS H. NAYLOR, FAMILY PLANNING POLICY GAME ARNOLD H. PACKER AND R. SCOTT MORELAND ECONOMICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT JAMES J. SULLIVAN DECISION MODEL; A FIRST STEP COURSES AND MASTER THESES RELATED ALVIN F. ANDRUS TO SIMULATION IN THE OPERATIONS RESEARCH CURRICULUM AT THE NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL SEA WARFARE INTEGRATED MODEL (SWIM) L. F. BESIO A COMPUTER-ASSISTED GAME FOR THE JOSEPH BODO EVALUATION OF AIR DEFENSES IN A COMBAT ENVIRONMENT THE USE OF CARMONETTE IN EVALUATING NORMAN W. PARSONS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NIGHT VISION DEVICES STOPS; A STABILITY OPERATIONS SIMULATION R. E. ZIMMERMAN THE DESIGN DILEMMA: GAMES FOR WHOM? HAROLD W. ADAMS GAMING SIMULATION OF URBAN SPATIAL BARRY M. KIBEL PROCESSES THE CONNECTICUT GAME DENNIS LITTLE FUN CITY: AN URBAN PLANNING GAME DAVID SEADER AND K1 MICHAEL BURKE TWO URBAN ELECTION SIMULATIONS MARSHALL H. WHITHED AND AND URBAN ANALYSIS CLIFFORD N. SMITH URBAN GAME DESIGN PARIS GLENDENING PROBLEMS IN VALIDATION OF NORMAN FARRELL FUTURE CONCEPTS VALIDATION OF COMBAT MODELS WILLIAM FAIN, AGAINST HISTORICAL DATA JANICE FAIN, LEON FELDMAN AND SUSAN SIMON FITTING KOREAN WAR DATA BY JOHN OVERHOLT STATISTICAL METHODS INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING VIRGIL REHG GAMES THEIR USE AND VALIDATION MODELING THE FIRE PROTECTION DENNIS J. CORELIS, DELIVERY SYSTEM ROBERT J. ESPOSITO AND EDWARD M, GANS SIMULATION GAMES IN SOCIAL FRANK B. HORTON III AND SCIENCE TEACHING AND RESEARCH ALAN R, THOENY LEARNING GAMES IN THE DEPAUL COLLEGE NANCY KLEIN SIMULATION IN BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH DANIEL D. SAGE AND TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF SPECIAL EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION GAMING DEMONSTRATIONS BRIDGE PLAYING GAME WINSTON RILEY III AND THOMAS A. THROOP BUILD A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT J. A, ORLANDO AND SIMULATION GAME A. J. PENNINGTON CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1968: A SIMULATION JOHN P. MCABEE PROGRAM OF EVENTS PREFACE Ninth Symposium -- An Experiment Since this preface is obviously being written before the symposium, I am going to discuss what we hope to ac- complish at the meeting. As garners, by definition, are action-oriented indivi- duals, their symposium should reflect their activity. We will try to actively involve all the participants -- both the speakers and the audience -- in two basic ways. First, each session chairman has created a general theme to enable the audience and the speakers to discuss a subject relevant to the session. The speakers can focus their presentation toward that general topic, if they de- sire. We think a two-fold purpose is thus achie/ed. The audience learns about the speaker's specialty, and has an opportunity to exchange views on a topic relevant to them both. Second, the physical sat up of the symposium will en- courage dialogue. An arena seating arrangement whereby the speakers are seated at a round table encircled by the audience should help create an informal atmosphere, and thus aid audience participation in the sessions. Also, demonstrations of games -- in various fields will allow attendees to participate in the games designed and built by their fellow garners. You will note that the last item on the program is an informal discussion on the future organization of the Council. Up to now, a handful of individuals have been responsible for the Council's activiti:s. With more and more people becoming interested and involved in gaming and simulation, it seems to be time to shift the leadership of the organization to the public sphere. Admittedly, it is more difficult for a university to sponsor a symposium than it is for a corporation, but it has and can be done. We hope that many interested members will attend the dis- cussion which will be only as long as necessary. Garners are action-oriented creative persons. If anyone thinks that he has a better plan for a symposium, we in- vite him to create his own experiment at the Tenth Annual Sympo i um. Peter House, Chairman Ninth Symposium National Gaming Council "META MODaING AND WAR GAMES" George Armstrong USA Strategy & Tactics Analysts Groups 10 META-MODELING AND WAR GAMES Mr. George E. Armstrong and Captain John A. Battilega US Army Strategy & Tactics Analysis Group Introduction "Meta-modeling" is a coined word. It is derived from the prefix "meta"--a later or more highly organized form - -arid "model". The word "model" means different things to different people. As used in this paper it will be defined as follows: A program containing all rules, procedures and logic required to ccnduct a war game. A representation of a real situation in which only those properties believed to be relevant to the problem being studied are represented. Thus a "meta-model" is a later, more highly organized form of the original model--or, more simply,--a model of a model. The concept of meta-modeling is not new. Manual quick-game tech- niques--a form of meta models--are commonly used. However, the applica- tion of meta-modeling in computerized war gaming has been limited. The United States Army Strategy and Tactics Analysis Group (STAG) recently had occasion to explore the feasibility of meta-modeling as a step in testing its large and complex computerized expected-value simulation model, ORION. The ORION Model To appreciate the significance of the meta-modeling technique in this instance, an understanding of some if the background and salient features of ORION is in order, as well as some of the problems involved. Background By 1967 computerized war gaming models had been created for sim- ulating many aspects of military operations dealing directly with combat operations. Ground combat, air combat, air defense, nuclear assessment and target acquisition had all been addressed in varying degrees of 1 detail. Even logistical support--less fascinating and more cumbersome- -had received some attention. Dynamic interactions between the two, however, had largely been relegated to the back burner. As a result, measuring the impact of the aerial interdiction of lines of communica- tion on the ability of theater forces to carry on s war wa still a tedious manual assessment, heavily dependent on judgement, and not responsive in time. The Chief, STAG was long aware of this gap. In June 1967 he initiated a project to prepare a computerized model--ORION--to alle- viate this problem. The Administrative Problem ORION was basically developed by a contractor, Midwest Research Institute. The model was coded in the SIMSCRIPT 1.51 programming language and was originally intended to be used on STAG's IBM 7090 computer system. Because of the size and scope of the model, it was plagued by a host of both hardware and software problems throughout its development, with the ultimate result that the model, if it was to accomplish the purpose for which intended, could not be used with STAG's computer system. Core storage requirements were fa, in excess of the system's capabilities, and a larger system was required. For a number of management reasons, the model was ultimately specifically tailored to be used with a UNIVAC 1106 co..euter system. Thus, when STAG commenced testing the model, administration was one of the governing factors.