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Proquest Dissertations INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in fypewriterface, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, If unauthorced copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher qualify 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 IM SELLING THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE: ECONOMIC PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL POWER IN WEST GERMANY, 1949-1957 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mark E. Spicka, B.A., MA. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Alan D. Beyerchen, Adviser Professor Leila J. Rupp _____ Advisâ* Professor John AM. Rothney Department of History UMI Number. 9971641 Copyright 2000 by Spicka, Mark Edward All rights reserved. UMI* UMI Microform9971641 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by Mark Edward Spicka 2000 ABSTRACT This dissertation analyzes the political uses of West Germany’s economic reconstruction in the 1950s, termed the Economic Miracle. Through an examination of election campaign propaganda and various public relations campaigns, this dissertation explores how conservative political and economic groups constructed and sold a political meaning of the Economic Miracle and the Social Market Economy, West Germany’s combination of the fiee market with social underpinnings. The political meaning of economics contributed to conservative electoral success, constructed a new belief in the 6ee market economy within West German society, and provided legitimacy for the new Federal Republic of Germany. The “selling” of the Economic Miracle mvolved the adoption of American political campaigning styles, commercial advertising techniques, and demographic polling by busmess interests and the leading conservative political party, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The Social Market Economy and the Economic Miracle were such effective political “products” because their meanings were easily constructed withm a number of different political contexts, and thereby reached the maximum number of “consumers.” This dissertation demonstrates the emergence and evolution of the political culture fer the newly formed Federal Republic. Using economics as a central issue, the CDU ii succeeded in reaching out to abroad range of interests during the l9S0s, including Catholics, women, some Protestants, and business interests. The Social Democratic Party, the CDU’s main political competitor, was able with its Marxist ideology to attract only the working-class vote and was relegated to the opposition. The CDU became ‘^Americanized” not only in the sense that its election campaigns copied American techniques, but also that it was able to bring varied interests under its tent—a change for the CDU that contributed significantly to the Federal Republic’s political stability. This was an important contrast firom political parties in the Weimar period, which tended to be based upon narrow and rigid segments of society. This dissertation aigues that political and economic associations sought to create a new West German political consciousness. This effort, especially in the area of economics, was predicated upon a conscious fear of the political problems of the 1920s and sought to overcome the social tensions that tore the Weimar Republic apart At the same time, economic reconstruction became a basis for a new, uniquely West German national identity that helped fill the vacuum left by the discredited form of nationalism represented by the Third Reich. ui Dedicated to Susan IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people who have contributed to the completion of this dissertation. I could not imagine a better adviser for this project than Professor Alan D. Beyerchen. He has always found a balance between guiding me in a productive way and encouraging me to find my own intellectual path. I am grateful to him for his guidance, support, and fiiendship. I must thank the members of my dissertation committee. Professor John AM . Rothney and Professor Leila J. Rupp, for their astute insights and helpful advice. I am very thankful for Robert Moeller’s excellent critique of part of my manuscript. I am grateful for the generous support I have received firom the Department of History, the Graduate School, and the Office of International Education, all of The Ohio State University, and the Fulbright Commission. Their support allowed me to complete archival research in Germany. At the Archiv fur Christlich Demokratie, Dr. Frank Mueller devoted to me a great deal of time and aid as I searched through the records of the CDU. Andreas Schirmer at the Ludwig-Erhard Stiftung provided me with great help during my research. I was fortunate to have Professor lost Dülfer as my “Berreaer” during my year at the UniversiQr of Cologne. Our conversations helped keep this project on track through the trying times of archival research. Dr. Sabine Behrenbeck at the University of Cologne was kind enough to give me some of her time and attention as I struggled to fînd a focus of my project The support staffs of the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz, Archiv der sozialen Demokratie in Bonn, the Nordrhein-Westphalisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in Düsseldorf, Archiv des Liberalismus in Gummersbach, the Konrad Adenauer Haus in Konigswinter, Nordrhein-Westfalisches Wirtschaft Archiv in Cologne, and the Hans Seidel Stiftung in Munich extended considerable assistance to my research. I am very grateful to all of them. During my stay in Germany I had the good fortune to have Mends who offered a haven from the grind of dissertation work. Kristina, Tibor, and Martin Sugar provided me the atmosphere of a home away from home and the occasional ticket to Bomisia Dortmund soccer games. Kelly Meyer and Cassandra Bonse were always more than willing to lend me an ear as I vented dissertation excitement and frustration. My colleagues in graduate school, Amy Alrich, Michael Bryant, Laura Hilton, JeMey Lewis, Kelly McFall, John Stark, and Nick Steneck, always had a critical eye and a delicate touch in pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of my work. My family and Mends have offered me more support than 1 could have ever hoped for. My parents have always been extremely supportive of my jotnmey through graduate school. My grandfather Homer Newell ignited a love of history within me over twenty-five years ago that I still carry with me. My greatest debt, admiration, and love go to Susan, without whose love and support this project would have never been completed. VI VTTA April 29,1969............................................................3o m - Niagara Falls, New York 1991............................................................................3 A. History, Lehigh University 1993 - present............................................................Graduate Teaching Assosicate, Department of History, The Ohio State University 1993.............................................................................MA. History, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS “The Devil’s Chemists on Trial: The American Prosecution of LG. Farben at Nurbemberg,” The Historian 61:4 (Summer 1999): 865-882. Abstract of After the Holocaust: The Long Road to Freedom, by Ema F. Rubenstein, in Journal o f Women’s History 9(Summer 1997): 206. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Subfields in: Modem European History — Professor Alan D. Beyerchen Professor Martha M. Garland Modem Japanese History — Professor James R. Bartholomew World History - Professor Kenneth J. Andrien vu TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract......................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ..................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ v V ita............................................................................................................................... vü List of Illustrations ......................................................................................................
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