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THE AMMAN PROJECTS Experiences from the Community

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THE AMMAN PROJECTS Experiences from the Community THE AMMAN PROJECTS Experiences from the community based approach to disability services Kent Ericsson Uppsala University THE AMMAN PROJECTS Experiences from the community based approach to disability services Kent Ericsson Uppsala University This documentation of The Amman Projects is commissioned by IM / SOIR, Lund, Sweden This book can be ordered from IM, Box 45, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden The book is also available in Arabic and can be ordered from The Swedish Organisation for Individual Relief, PO Box 2378, Amman, 111 81 Jordan 2006 ISBN xx-xxx-xxxx-x CONTENT Foreword Preface i 1. Sweileh centre: development and dissolution 1 2. Disability reform 8 3. Establishing new services 15 4. Education for children 28 5. Daily activities for adults 37 6. Persons in need of a home 46 7. The community support team 52 8. Development during the transition period 54 9. The views of families, staff and the public 59 10. Views of families 64 11. Reflections 70 12. The community based approach to disability services 84 13. References 94 FOREWORD As the Swedish Organisation for Individual Relief, SOIR (Individuell Människo- hjälp, IM), carried out extensive changes to its disability services in Amman, Jordan, it was thought desirable to study this change. I was given the task of documenting and analysing The Amman Projects. This book is the result. It is based on information from several sources. During the project period the SOIR director in Amman, Mrs. Zeinat Abu Shanab, has been a constant source of information. Her staff have also told me about their views of the project. I have also had conversations with members of families. Not all persons with disability com- municate with language, but some do and I have had exchanges with them about their experiences. A valuable source of information is contributed by Dr. Majed Abu Jaber, then Dean of Princess Rahma University College at Al Balqa Applied University. To- gether with a group of teachers and students he has carried out a study of views and attitudes towards The Amman Projects. Families, staff and members of the public were in this way given the opportunity to express their ideas of the projects. Psychologist Patricia Ericsson, the SOIR consultant to The Amman Projects, has provided information to this documentation. Her reports from the early analysis of the Sweileh centre have been a rich source, as has her report from the process of establishing the community based services in Amman. My ongoing discussions with her concerning the transition of services in Amman have also given valuable infor- mation to this documentation and analysis. She has also reviewed the language of this book. A grant for this documentation has been received from SMC, the Swedish Mission Council to cover costs for my work. Contributions have also been received from SOIR, Lund, and Skinfaxe Institute, Uppsala. Through the posts of Dr. Majed Abu Jaber and the teachers in his group, Al Balqa Applied University has contri- buted to the analysis of The Amman Projects. Skinfaxe Institute, Uppsala, has con- tributed to psychologist Patricia Ericsson in her work on documentation for this book. I would like to thank all who have contributed to this book! As the task I was given by SOIR has been a most rewarding one I would like to thank SOIR for the opportunity to contribute to The Amman Projects in this way. Uppsala, June 2006 Kent Ericsson PREFACE JORDAN In the foreword I mentioned that work on this project has been most enriching. This is not only because of the character of the project, but also the “meeting” with the country of Jordan which has contributed to making this project a valuable personal experience. I have had the opportunity of getting to know the country and its people, big words maybe as I have only made a limited number of visits, but still enough to gain more than a superficial knowledge of the country. Some reading about the culture and history of Jordan, and the Middle East, has also contributed. When this is written celebrations of the 60 years of independence of Jordan has taken place. The explanation is of course that what is Jordan today was once part of the old Ottoman empire. After the First World War, England became its new ruler. Following the Second World War the country, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, gained its independence. During a large number of years King Hussein´s reign made Jordan well known internationally. Much can be said about modern Jordan. Some striking characteristics should however be mentioned. The first thing ones notices on arrival is the architecture of Amman. The city is built on hills and consequently the buildings are seen as climb- ing the hillsides! One is amazed by the ability to build, and live, like this! Much of the landscape of Jordan is characterised by sand and desert, and the consequences of the lack of water. There are, however, two places dominated by water which are of special interest, the Dead Sea and the port of Aqaba, at the Red Sea. Jordan is a Muslim society, Islam being its religion, with the prayers from the Holy Koran being sung from the mosques several times per day characterizing the atmosphere. In spite of being a visitor who does not understand Arabic this pro- vides a pleasant background to everyday life, a part of the culture which is missed when leaving the country. Contact with this society has increased one´s understand- ing of Islam and deepened one´s cultural knowledge of the country at a time when this religion is being given increasing attention internationally. The warm hospita- lity of the people of Jordan has had an enduring impact which has contributed to both a greater knowledge of the culture but also a depth of friendship which long extends the project and my task in documenting it. The King´s Highway from Aqaba to Palmyra in Syria was in early times the connection for trade from as far away as present day Ethiopia to the Silk Road, then the trade route from the Mediterranean which ends in Xian in China. This was the route along which merchants transported their wares to be sold internationally. i Along this highway there have been tribes who have gained economically from the merchants passing through their areas. The most well-known are the Nabateans who lived in the south, and close to the highway. They have left their mark by pene- trating into the mountains where they created their extensive settlement, the place which today is Petra, an impressive and most sought after attraction for tourists. In Petra there are also remnants from Roman times. These are not the only ones to be found in Jordan. They also exist in many places in the country as Jordan was once part of the Roman empire, many of their buildings still remaining. The very well kept Roman theatre in the old town of Amman, the city called Philadel- phia by the Romans, is a good example. Another is the impressive site and ruins of Jerash, a city not far from Amman. Jordan is also part of the area where much of the Christian heritage has its roots. The most impressive is Mount Nebo, the mountain from which Moses viewed the valley of Jordan and showed his people the promised land, the land of milk and honey. The stories of the bible acquire a very concrete significance when reflected on from Mount Nebo, looking over the River Jordan into Israel. Experiencing Amman and Jordan makes one also very aware of present day politics. This is a country very close to a number of wars which have been fought since the end of the Second World War. Arab - Israeli conflicts have led to a loss of substantial areas of the country and an influx of Palestinian citizens who have left their country and now make up a large part of the population of Jordan. The wars in Iraq have also had deep influence culturally and economically on this young nation. SOIR, THE SWEDISH ORGANISATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RELIEF During the political unrest in Europe during the 1930:s a number of concerned persons, mainly from Lund in the south of Sweden, joined to form an organisation in order to help people in need. They had a Christian and humanitarian ethos as basis for their work. Inomeuropeisk Mission (Mission Inside Europe) was the name they choose (shortened IM). After the Second World War their help was extended and projects were set up in various places of Europe. Their work in Amman represents a widening of their assistance. After they extended beyond Europe services were set up in Jerusalem. It was there they were approached by representatives from Jordan, East Jerusalem then being under con- trol of Jordan, requesting help with the care of children with mental retardation. The positive response to this request led to the project which is reported here. The widening of their ambition also led to a change of name. IM became Individuell Människohjälp, I standing for Individual, and M for Assistance to Peo- ple. The name was translated into English as the Swedish Organisation for Indi- vidual Relief, SOIR for short. Their work has escalated and projects of assistance today take place in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Many of them are con- cerned with support to persons with a disability. This book naturally focusses on the work of SOIR in Amman as it is the pro- cess there which is to be described. All the activities taking place in Amman do so under the auspices of SOIR in Lund where board and administration, is located.
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