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WEST-PALAEARCTIC BI.IMBLEBEES

P. Rasntont, J.C. Verhseghe,R. Rust ront & M. Terzo

SUMMARY

The authorsare currently preparing a comprehensiverevision of the West PalaearcticBumblebees. This revisionmainly dealswith taxonomyand biogeography.For eachspecies, it will give a reviewof the ecologicaland ethologicalcharacters, emphasizing the flower choices.The authors providekeys down to the subspecificlevel and full synonymy.The book will be illustratedwith drawingsand scanningelectronic microphotographs of all characters;colour plates with all subspecificpatterns; original photographsof mostspecies and originalmaps. Specieslists andrelevant literaturefor eachcountry will be inchided.The presentpaper provides a comprehensivecheck list of theWest-Palaearctic species.

There are severalgood papersthat make it possibleto identify the Europeanbumblebees and to learn most of their naturalhistory features. Very goodlocal keys can be usedto identifybumblebees in someregions, e. g. in Scandinavia(Lôken, 1973,1984), in the BritishIsles (Alford, 1975; Prys-Jones& Corbet,1987, in Russia(Panfilov, 1978), in the Balkans (Pittioni,1938, 1939), in the IberianPeninsula (Ornosa Gallego, 1984), in the Netherlands(Boer, 1977;Blom, 1989),in (Amiet, 1996), in (Mauss, 1987), in (Banaszak, 1993; Pawlikowski, 1997):in the Czechand SlovakianRepublics (May, 1959)and in Turkey (Ôzbek,1983, 1987, 1997,1998). However,at the presenttime, no synthethicwork for the wholecontinent is available. Identificationremains hard work, not only becausethe taxonomyis instrinsicallydifficult but alsobecause information is scattered in scoresof papers.Also, the distribution of many ,speciesremains approximatelyknown, with the biogeographicaldata atomized in hundreds oflocal or subregionalstudies. The authorsprepare a comprehensiverevision of the groupat the continentallevel. This revision mainly deals with and biogeography.For eachspecies, it alsogives a review of the ethological characters,emphasizing the flower choices.The authorsprovide keys down to the subspecificlevel and full synonymy.The book is illustratedwith drawingsand scanningelectronic microphotographs of all characters; colour plateswith all subspecificpatterns; original photographs of most

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Anatolian mountains. The bumblebees are absent from arctic and saharian deserts.

AREALL BUMBLEBEESEURYTOPIC?

At the generallystudied level of countries,the phenological differencesbetween the speciesis not often obvious. At the continental level, the adaptativedifferences are very significant,while the speciesare exposedto very different limiting factorsas an ubiquist permafrostin the north and summerdryness in the south. Somespecies seem to live only in theseextreme conditions, as e. g. Bombusglacialis in Novaya Zemlya. On the other hand, somespecies llke Bombusterrestris seemto have a great ethologicalplasticity, allowing them to live from S. Finlandto the sub- Sahariansteppes (near Bouarfa, in Morocco).

ARE B UMBLEBEES EVERYWHERE POLYLECTIC?

Bumblebeesare generallyregarded as mostly polylectic. Some speciesare real opportunists,as is the casefor Bombusterrestris or Bombus pascuorum(Rasmont, 1988). Oligolectic speciesare a minority among bumblebees:Bombus consobrinusand B. gerstaeckeriare related to, respectivelyAconitum septentrionale Koelle and vulparia Reichenbach(Lôken, 1950, 1961, 1973; Delmas,1976; Rasmont, 1988). At least one species,Bontbus brodmannicz.r, seems to be oligolectic (on Cerinthespp. flowers) in one part of its distribution(in the : Delmas, 1976;Rasmont, 1988) and polylectic in anotherpart (Anatolia:Ôzbek, 1998).Some species seem opportunistic concerning their flower choicesat a local level. However,when comparing data from all the countries,a clear resonrceselection become obvious. A goodexample is Bombuspyrenaeus: it is difficult to distinguisha particularchoice when seenat the local level (Pittioni,1937; de Beaumont,1958; Ruszkowski, 1970; Atanassov, 1972a, 1972b,1974,I975;Rasmont, 1988). Takinginto accountthe datafrom all the countries,the femalesof Bombuspyrenaeus are related to myrtillus L. and Rhododendron spp.,while the males chooseEpilobium angustifoliunL. whereverit is possible.

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OZBEK, H., 1987.Tùrkiye'nin Psithyrus Lepeletier (Hym.: )tûrleri [Contributionto the studyof Turkishfauna of PsithyrusLepeletier (Hym.: .. Apidae). Tiirkiye I. Entomoloji Kongresi,lzmir,667-673. OZBEK, H., 1997. Bumblebeesfauna of Turkeywith distributionmaps (: Apidae:Bombinae) Part l: AlpigenobombusSkorikov, Bombias Robertson and BombusLatreille. Ttirk. entomol. derg., 2l(1): 37-56. ÔZB.F,K,H.t 1998.On the bumblebeefauna of Turkey:II. The genuspyrobombus (Hymenoptera,Apidae, Bombinae). Zoolog,, in the Middle East,76:89-106. PANFILOV,D.V., 1978.7. Sem.Apidae - Apidy. pp. 508-519in: G.S.Medvedeva "Opredelitel'nasekomykh (ed.) evropeyskoychasti SSSR. Tom III. "Nauka" Pereponchatokrylye.Pervaya chast"'. LeningradskoeOdtelenie, Leningrad,584 pp. PAWLIKOWSKI, T., 1991. Klucze do oznaczaniaowaddw Polski. ScescXXIV. Blonkôwki- Hymenoptera.Pszczolowate - Apidae. Podrodzina: Apinae. Oficyna WydawniczaTurpress, Torun, 56 pp. PITTIONI, 8.,1937. Die Hummelfaunades Kalsbachtales in ostTirol. Festschriftfùr Prof. Embrik Strand, 3: 64-122. PITTIONI,8., 1938.Die Hummelnund Schmarotzerhummelnder Balkan-Halbinsel mit besondererBerucksichtigung der FaunaBulgariens. l: Allgemeiner Teil. Mitteilungen aus den Kôninglichen NantrwissenschaftlichenInstituten in SoJia, 11:12-69. PITTIONI, B., 1939.Die Hummelnund Schmarotzerhummelnder Balkan-Halbinsel mit besondererBerucksichtigung der FaunaBulgariens. II: SpeziellerTeil. Mitteilungenaus den KôninglichenNaturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, 12: 49-122,6pls. PRYS-JONES,O.E. & S.A. CORBET,1987.Bumblebees. Naturalist's Handbooks 6, CambridgeUniversity Press, London, 86 pp.,4 pls. RASMONT, P., 1988.Monographie écologique et zoogéographiquedes Bourdons de Franceet de Belgique (Hymenoptera,Apidae, Bombinae). Thèse de doctorat, Facultédes Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux,310 + LXII pp. RUSZKOWSKI,A., 1970.Rosliny pokarmowe trzmieli z podrodzajôwPratobombus Vogt i SoroeensibombusVogt (Hym.,Apidae) [Food plants of the speciesfrom subgeneraPratobombus Vogt andSoroeensibombus Vogt (Hym., Apidae)1.Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne,40(l ): 191-209. WILLIAMS, P.H., 1998.An annotatedchecklist of bumblebees with an analysisof pattemsof description(Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombinil. Bulletin of The Natura I H istory M us eum, E ntom olog,t Seri es,67 (1): 79 -1 52.

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55.B. (Megabombtts)reinigiellus (Rasmont) 56.B. (Megabontbus)portschinsk.r) Radoszkowski 51. B. (Megabombtrs)saltuorius (Skorikov) 58. B. (Megabombus)consobrinus l)ahlborn 59. B. (Megabombus)gerstaeckeri Morawltz 60. B. (Sttbterraneobombus)subterraneus (L.) 6l . B. (Subterraneob.)distinguendus Morawitz 62. B. (Subterraneobombus)./ragt'ans (Pallas) 63.B. (Subterroneobornbu.s)melanunr Lepeletier 64. B. (Rhodobombus)pomorum (Panzer) 65.B. (Rhodobombus)brodmanni Vogt 66. B. (Rhodobombus)mesomelas Gerstaecker 67. B. (Rhodobombus)armeniactls Radoszkowski 68. B. (Eversntannibombus)persictls Radoszkowski 69. B. (Mucidobombtts)mucidus Gerstaecker 70. B. (Laesobombus)laesus Morarvitz 71.B. (Laesobombus)nlocsan'i Kriechbaumer 72. B. (Thoracobombus)s.r'lvarunt (L.) 73. B. (Thoracobombus)nilokosievitzii Radoszkowski 74. B. (Thoracobombus)veteranu.s (Fabricius) 75. B. (Thoracobombus)ntderarirrs (Mtller) 76. B. (Thoracobombus)inexspectan$ (Tkalcu) 77. B. (Thoracobombus)velox (Skorikov) 78. B. (Thoracobonùus)deuteronv'ntus Schulz 79. B. (Thoracobombus)schrencki Morawitz 80. B. (Thoracobombus)zonatus Smith 81. B. (Thoracobombus),nuscorum(L.) 82. B. (Thoracobombus)bannitus (Popov) 83. B. (Thoracobonùus) pereziellus (Skorikov) 84. B. (Thoracobombus)humilis Illiger 85. B. (Thoracobombus)supereqltester (Skorikov) 86. B. (Thoracobombus)pasurcnrrn (Scopoli)

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