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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Insectos 2020 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Insectos 2020 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos insectos 2020 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20202): Os nomes galegos dos insectos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga /wp!content/up oads/achave_osnomesga egosdos"insectos"2020.pd# Fotografía: abella (Apis mellifera ). Autor: Jordi Bas. $sta o%ra est& su'eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto( con reco)ecemento da autor*a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. +esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.org/ icences/%,!nc-nd/-.0/deed.g . 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont n este documento Na primeira edición deste recurso léxico (2018) fornecéronse denominacións para as especies máis coñecidas de insectos galegos (e) ou europeos, e tamén para algúns insectos exóticos (mostrados en ám itos divulgativos polo seu interese iolóxico, agr"cola, sil!"cola, médico ou industrial, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas)# Nesta segunda edición (2020) incorpórase o logo da $%a!e ao deseño do documento, corr"xese algunha gralla, reescr" ense as notas introdutorias e engádense algunhas especies e algún nome galego máis# &n total, ac%éganse nomes galegos para 89( especies de insectos# No planeta téñense descrito aproximadamente un millón de especies, e moitas están a"nda por descubrir# Na )en"nsula * érica %a itan preto de +0#000 insectos diferentes# Os nomes das ol oretas non se inclúen neste recurso léxico da $%a!e, foron o xecto doutro tra allo e preséntanse noutro documento da $%a!e dedicado exclusivamente ás ol oretas, a!ela"ñas e trazas . Os nomes galegos das bolboretas# A estrutura &n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica /ue considera nomeadamente as ordes, superfamilias, familias e subfamilias de insectos, onde se apunta, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos insectos /ue %ai en cada familia ou subfamilia# 0 seguir !én o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome cient"fico, os nomes galegos e ingleses dos insectos (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles)# Nesta listaxe espec"fica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas# *nclúense tamén como galegos algúns insectos documentados para as zonas lim"trofes de 1amora, León e 0sturias, como por exemplo o escara!ello sagrado, Scarabaeus sacer, cando menos presente no 3ierzo# 4odas elas foron confirmadas a tra!és dunha c%ea de tra allos cient"ficos# Non o stante, non foi pos" el confirmar a presenza dalgunhas especies referenciadas na listaxe, /ue aparecen en ranco, mais /ue no futuro pro a elmente tamén poder"an estar marcadas con fondo azul claro como galegas# 0o final anótanse as referencias ibliográficas /ue foron utilizadas para a ela oración deste léxico# Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os insectos, /uer xenéricos /uer espec"ficos# Outras referencias ac%egan nomes para os insectos noutras linguas, /ue tamén foron tidos en conta# 0lén diso, inclúense algun%as referencias entomolóxicas so re estas especies e algunhas referencias a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados# 2 !ratamento terminolóxico 4ra allouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios. )rocurouse en primeiro lugar nos nomes !ernáculos galegos# $omo acontece en todas as linguas, existen en galego en moitos casos só nomes xenéricos. a!espas (ou !espas, a!ésporas), tártagos, tamén c%amados a!espóns (ou !espóns, a!esperóns), a ellas, a ellóns, moscas, moscas raxadas, mos/uitos, ta aos (ou ta áns, tamén c%amados moscardos), cascudas, cascudos, carunc%os, gorgullos (ou gurgullos), xoaniñas, ar antesas, grilos, es ellos, saltóns, legumias (ou lagostas), libeliñas, gaiteiros, cand"s, !areixas, mazaleites, piollos, rum allóns, sanguiñas etc# Existen as" mesmo no léxico galego nomes espec"ficos, como escorna ois ou !acaloura para Lucanus cervus, !agalume ou lucecú entre outros para Lampyris noctiluca, cadela de frade ou forcadela entre outros para Forficula auricularia, piollo pato para Pthirus pubis, pedrolo para Otiorhynchus sulcatus, catafede (tamén catafel, cacafede ou pirifede) para o popular percebexo !erde fedorento Nezara viridula, formiga ca alaria para Formica rufa, sarim oga para o negro e tamén fedorento Ocypus olens, mataca alos para Dytiscus marginalis, carricanta para Ephippiger ephippiger etc# 0 pesar de /ue algúns nomes son pouco coñecidos, a lingua galega, como podemos !er, é moi rica canto ás denominacións dos insectos# 5esmo, para Pyrrhocoris apterus, unha especie de percebexo moi !istosa e común, de cor !ermella, /ue forma unhas agrupacións caracter"sticas, de tal maneira /ue estes insectos c%egan a /uedar amontoados, uns por riba dos outros 6ducias deles, ás !eces máis de cen6, existe en galego un nome espec"fico para o insecto . rubico 6polas súas cores–, existe ademais un nome para esas caracter"sticas agrupacións . rubicoaxe, e existe tamén un nome para o lugar onde se encontran . rubicoal# $ómpre as" mesmo mencionar /ue algun%as denominacións galegas xa foron rexistradas e anotadas no século 78*** polos ilustrados 9armiento e 9o reira, tales como ta ao, cadela de frade, escara!ello, a ellón, a esoiro, a!espa, es ello, percevella, rugo ( ruco), grilo, saltón, anzón etc# O léxico galego do ám ito entomolóxico /ueda tamén reflectido no refraneiro popular . Unha abella soa non fai mel! "ando o ano é de piollos, non vale mudar a camisa! Polo santo $nt%n, deixa o besbello e colle o salt%n# 'al lle vai ao raposo cando anda aos grilos etc# Ou na expresión. ser (alguén ou algo) m(is malo )ue o bicho das fabas (pola súa acción, polo seu efecto) # 0demais, revisouse a ibliograf"a especializada en entomoloxía en lingua galega, onde xa se ten feito unha ac%ega moi importante para as denominacións espec"ficas dos odonatos (ca aliños do demo e libélulas), /ue se inclúen no presente recurso léxico, ou propostas como cortagromos azul da maceira para *hynchites coeruleus, escara!ello muiñeiro para +yrinus natator, cára o galego para "arabus galicianus, a ellas sucadas para as especies do xénero ,alictus, a ellas da seda para as do xénero "olletes, moscas das pedras para as especies da orde )lecópteros etc# 0lén do devandito, recorreuse á lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortogr(ficas e morfol%xicas do idioma galego (R0; e *2;) do ano 200+. <)ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ám itos cient"fico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre /ue esta adopción non for contraria ás caracter"sticas estruturais do galego=# >este xeito incorporáronse ou adaptáronse algunhas denominacións para especies concretas, como por 3 exemplo a!espa do castiñeiro (ou !espa do castiñeiro) para Dryocosmus -uriphilus, mosca dos cornos para ,aematobia irritans, mosca de enxame para Pollenia rudis, mosca amarela do estrume para Scathophaga stercoraria, lonxicornio das a róteas para $gapanthia asphodeli, escara!ello serrapau para o insecto amazónico 'acrodontia cervicornis, carunc%o do café ou carunc%o das tullas para $raecerus fasciculatus, dia iño para Empusa pennata, cascudiño dos a!iarios para $lphitobius diaperinus, arlequín ou arlequín da mata para $crocinus longimanus, roca dos c"tricos para Diploschema rotundicolle, percebexo das sementes para Spilostethus saxatilis, percebexo gauc%o para a especie suramericana Leptoglossus zonatus, sugador das piñas ou percebexo sugador das piñas para Leptoglossus occidentalis etc#, recollidos neste recurso léxico como sinónimos doutros nomes galegos ou como nome principal, segundo as especies# 4amén se tomaron da lusofonía nomes para grupos de insectos /ue até o de agora non tiveran denominación en galego. escara!ellos osteiros ou escara!ellos ester/ueiros, e dentro deles os c%amados escara!ellos rola ostas, nomes todos eles aca"dos, xeitosos e claros en galego para estes escara!ellos? ar eiros para algunhas especies tropicais da familia :eduv"deos, de modo particular para .riatoma infestans ? escara!ellos soldado para as especies do xénero .richodes , percebexos olludos para as especies do xénero +eocoris , mos/uitos palla para as especies do xénero Phlebotomus , /uermes para as especies do xénero /ermes (e /uermes dos tintureiros para /ermes vermilio ) etc# Úsanse ademais neste recurso léxico nomes !ernáculos ind"xenas para algúns insectos exóticos, como por exemplo da lingua tup" para as especies suramericanas de a ellas sen ferrón . uruzús, mandur"s, xanda"ras ou xata"s, en correspondencia co mesmo uso no portugués do 3rasil# >o mesmo modo, recóllese saúva como sinónimo no nome dalgunhas especies de formigas suramericanas# )or outro lado, nesta segunda edición incorpórase do /uim undo (lingua de 0ngola) o nome marim ondo para as a!espas cazadoras de tarántulas, dos xéneros Pepsis e ,emipepsis (tarantula ha0- , en inglés)# &n portugués incorporouse igualmente marim ondo para nomear estas especies e tamén para outras americanas# Un outro recurso foi recorrer ao nomes cient"ficos, en lat"n, de modo paralelo ás denominacións desas especies de insectos noutras linguas (por !"a de regra, non existen para esas especies denominacións !ernáculas en lingua ningunha)# 0s", nomes xenéricos como os das cetonias (escara eídeos do xénero "etonia ), cefos (cef"deos do xénero "ephus ), cicindelas (cara eídeos do xénero "icindela ) etc# >o mesmo modo, fórmanse a partir de nome cient"fico latino nomes galegos espec"ficos, como upreste de no!e puntos para 1uprestis novemmaculata ? libélula de Lefev re para Diplacodes lefebvrii ? cascuda rinoceronte para 'acropanesthia rhinoceros ? cascuda americana
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