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SZ Amnioa Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomolgisk Tidskrift la~BIJOjSlal!SJaA!Uil 8L61 • I ·oN • SZ amnIoA Norwegian Journal of Entomology Norsk Entomolgisk Tidskrift EDITOR Dr. philos. Lauritz S0mme, Zoologisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. EDITORIAL COMMITTEE F0rstelektor Eivind 0stbye, Konsulent Per F. Waaler, F0rstekonservator dr. philos. Albert Lillehammer. PUBLISHER Universitetsforiaget: P. O. Box 7508, Skillebekk, Oslo 2, Norway. P. O. Box 142, Boston, Massachusetts 02113, U.S.A. CONTRIBUTIONS These should be sent to the Editor. Authors are requested to follow the instructions on page 3 of the cover. Artikler som 0nskes trykt i tidsskriftet sendes redakt0ren. Bidragsytere ma f0lge anvis­ ningen pa omslagets tredje side. SUBSCRIPTIONS Non-members of the Norwegian Entomological Society should send their orders to Universitetsforlaget. The subscription price per volume (two issues annually) is for 1978 U.S. $ 22.00 (N. kr. 110.-). U.S. $ price is subject to change without notice in case of devaluation/revaluation. Notice of change of address should be accompanied by the old address. Back volumes should also be ordered from Universitetsforlaget. NORSK ENTOMOLOGISK FORENING ser sin hovedoppgave i A fremme det entomologiske studium i Norge, og danne et bindeledd mellom de interesserte. Medlemskontingenten er for tiden kr. 40,- pr. ar. Medlemmer far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Henvendelser om medlemskap sendes sekre­ treren: Cand. real. Trond Hofsvang, Zoologisk institutt, NLH, 1432 As-NLH. © Universitetsforlaget 1978 Larval morphology and development of Aphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cerasicola Stary (Hym., Aphidiidae) TROND HOFSVANG AND ELINE BENEsrAD HAovAR Hofsvang, T. & Hllgvar, E. B. 1978. Larval morphology and development ofAphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cerasicola Stary (Hym., Aphidiidae). Norw. J. Ent. Vol. 25, pp. 1-8. Oslo. ISSN 0029-1897. Four larval instars and a prepupal stage are distinguished and described in both Aphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cerasicola Stary. A detailed description is given of the tracheal system of 4th instar larvae. After one day of parasitization, the occurrence of egg and different larval instars was observed each day at 21°C. The parasites were obtained from dissected Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Trond Hofsvang & Eline Benestad Hiigvar, Agricultural University ofNorway, Department ofZoology, P. O. Box 46, N-/432 AS-NLH, Norway. In previous papers (Hofsvang & Hagvar 1975 a, graphed with a Scanning electron microscope b, c, 1977), various aspects of the biology of (SEM). Aphidius colemani Viereck and Ephedrus cera­ Having managed to separate the different sicola Stary have been described. The present larval instars of A. colemani and E. cerasicola investigation deals with the development of the and to distinguish the species, the developmen­ parasites inside the aphid. tal rate of these instars was studied in different series. In several aphids, superparasitism was obser­ Material and methods ved for both of the parasite species. In the study of developmental rate, only the oldest larvae in In the present study, paprika plants (Capsicum these aphids were noted, or if several larvae of annuum L.) in small cages were infested with the same instar were present, only one of these Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from the laboratory larvae was included. stocks. The two parasite species had been reared in the laboratory for several generations. The experiments were performed at 21°e, 16 hrs photoperiod, and humidity higher than 70% Results RH. The two parasite species were kept separa­ Morphology tely. 10-20 females and 10-20 males were al­ lowed to parasitize aphids on an infested paprika Main characteristics of the four larval instars are plant for one day and were then removed. A illustrated for both species in Figs. 1-8 and are small sample of aphids was thereafter taken from summarized below. Differences used to distin­ the plant at successive days after parasitization guish the two species are written in italics. and dissected in saline solution under a stereo Because corresponding morphological data on microscope. other aphidiid larvae are scarce, it is not known Larvae from the dissected aphids were photo­ to what extent the characters below are specific graphed through a differential interference-eon­ for each of the two species. trast microscope, and sketches and measure­ ments of different structures were made. Some A. colemani drops of Gisin's solution (Gisin 1960) were added to larvae of 3rd and 4th instar, making 1sf ins far. Mandibulate. Distinctly segmented them more transparent so that the tracheal with head, three thoracic, and 10 abdominal system could be easily distinguished. In addi­ segments. First nine abdominal segments with a tion, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae were also photo­ dorsolateral transverse row of2-8 hairs on the 1 - Norw. J. Ent. t/l978 2 T. Hofsvang & E. B. Hagvar (J. f 177/77 f----I \ '. ' A B , " I"\'~ 4 1 ., ( ;, '." , !\ f -,. • ~.\ ~ 1ST INSTAR 2ND INSTAR )\ Fig. I. Caudal end of abdomen of 1st (A) and 2nd (B) instar larvae of A. colemani. ,,,,... \ _At middle of each segment. The last abdominal \"~ ~.\ . segment with a well developed, simple cauda covered with spines (Fig. lA). '" ,\ ' . ~~\ 2nd instar. Mandibulate. Rows of body hairs '\ .'". J .... absent. Body segments covered with numerous . '\ l ,,6 spines dorsolaterally. Cauda present but re­ ~'. ~ duced and covered with spines (Figs. lB, 2). 1 71.. 'fr- 'l,,,~ 3rd instar. Mandibles not visible. Body seg­ ments with numerous spines dorsolaterally, A '. ",,-' broadly covering the dorsum of each segment 1 and narrowing laterally (Fig. 3). Cauda absent, caudal end of abdomen bluntly rounded, consist­ Fig. 3. Spines on body integument of 3rd instar larva of A. ing of two small undifferentiated lobes. Tracheal colemani. SEM 2200x. system visible in some specimens, different stages of formation, but always closed without spiracles. Fig. 2. Caudal end of2nd instar larva ofA. colemani. SEM 1000 x. Aphidius colemani and Ephedrus cerasicola 3 ~i1I{/i1IIIIII1JIIII{'~ Fig. 4. Tracheal system of 4th instar larvae of A. colemani. Fig. 5. Anterior part of the tracheal system of 4th instar larva Below: detail of spiracle. of A. colemani. S = spiracle No. J. 4th instar. Mandibulate, jaws brown and strong­ 3rd instar. Mandibles not visible. Body seg­ ly chitinized. Body cuticle densely covered with ments with sparsely scattered spines dorsolate­ tubercles. Tracheal system and spiracles deve­ rally (Fig. 7). Cauda absent, caudal end of loped, different ramification pattern from that of abdomen bluntly rounded, consisting of two E. cerasicola (Figs. 4, 5). Caudal end of ab­ small undifferentiated lobes. Tracheal system domen bluntly rounded. not visible. E. cerasicola 4th instar. Mandibulate, jaws brown and strong­ ly chitinized. Body cuticle densely covered with 1st instar. Mandibulate. Distinctly segmented with head, three thoracic, and 10 abdominal segments. Metathorax and the first nine abdo­ 0.1 /71/71 f-----.; minal segments with a dorsolateral transverse fringe of numerous hairs, connected at their A bases to form a saw-edged band on the middle of each segment. The last abdominal segment with a well developed cauda covered with spines, and with two basal, ventrally directed prongs (Fig. 6A). 2nd instar. Mandibulate. Fringes of body hairs absent. Body segments with some scattered spines dorsolaterally. Cauda and the two prongs 1ST INSTAR 2ND INSTAR still present but much reduced, cauda with Fig. 6. Caudal end of abdomen of 1st (A) and 2nd (B) instar spines. (Fig. 6B). larvae of E. cerasicola. 4 T. Hofsvang & E. B. Hagvar 5 ))])J)))))))1JJI))ITDJ = .nJ) Fig. 8. Tracheal system of 4th instar larva of E. cerasicola. Below: detail of spiracle. Fig. 7. Scattered spines on the body integument of 3rd instar larva of E. cerasicola. SEM 5250x. tubercles. Tracheal system and spiracles deve­ to a prepupa, distinguished from the 4th instar loped, different ramification pattern from that of larva by its more pointed whitish head region, A. colemani (Fig. 8). Caudal end of abdomen and by the red eye pigment of the pupa gradually bluntly rounded. becoming visible through the cuticle. At about the time of prepupal formation, the larva empties Some additional remarks: As the larva grows, its undigested food, meconium, into the cocoon. the segmentation becomes indistinct and the larva gradually becomes more curved. The size Development of the two last instars is obviously much depen­ dent on the size of its host. 4th instar larvae ofA. Fig. 9 illustrates the time interval within which colemani are yellow-green, whereas those of E. eggs and the different larval instars were re­ cerasicola are paler, yellow-white. The tracheal corded, based on daily dissections of aphids system of A. colemani is most easily distin­ after one day of parasitization. Variation in size guished from that ofE. cerasicola by the parallel of parasitized aphids probably explains the long branch to spiracle No. 1, and by the side period during which each stage occurred. If branches to spiracle Nos. 3-10 (Figs. 4, 5, 8). In dissections of specially small aphids had con­ both species, the spiracle No. 2 is replaced by a tinued, some instars might have proved to occur closed branch, also this with a side branch in A. even later than indicated in Fig. 9. colemani. When the larva is in the 4th instar, the Eggs of A. colemani and E. cerasicola were aphid mummifies, the cocoon being light brown not discovered until 24 and 48 hrs after the end or black depending on whether the aphid has of the parasitization period, when the eggs were been parasitized by A. colemani or E. cerasi­ 1-2 and 2-3 days old, respectively (Fig. 9). The cola, respectively. Thereafter the larva moults 'embryo' stage in Fig. 9 is not regarded as a Aphidius colemani and Ephedrus cerasicola 5 o A. cO/~/77ani • E. c~rasico/a 17=/9 Egg = 'E/77lJryo' 17 =/96 1. /ns/ar 17 = 298 17 =26 17=57 n=42 3. Il7s/a/" 17=57 n-20 4.
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