1862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

Mr. PETTUS. I should be obliged to the Senator from Ne­ APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY, vada if he would explain the reason why these sureties ought to be relieved. To be brigadier-general. Mr. STEWART. I can do it in a moment. Zabrislde was a Col. Francis L. Guenther, Artillery Corps, February 13, 1902, reputable citizen who was appointed melter and refiner of the vice Merriam, retired from active service. United States mint at Carson City, Nev. His accounts were ac­ Artillery Corps. cepted, everything accounted for, and he was discharged from all liability. About ten days afterwards he died. About six months James M. Fulton, at large, to be second lieutenant, January 24, subsequent to that it was discovered that his assistant had been 1902. a defaulter, running back even to the time that Zabriskie was in NoTE.-Mr. Fulton was nominated to the Senate February 3, office. The assistant was convicted and sent to the penitentiary. 1902, for appointment as second lieutenant in the Infantry Arm, One of the sureties on the bond is insolvent, and the other is prac­ with rank from February 2,1901, and was confirmed February 7, tically so. They are both really practically insolvent. One of 1902. them has some property, but it is very heavily mortgaged, and it This message is submitted for the purpose of renominating Mr. will be impossible for the Government to obtain anything. Be­ Fulton for appointm.ent in the Artillery Corps, with rank from sides, the matter had run six months before there was an exami­ January 24, 1902. _ nation by the Government. There was no suspicion cast upon the character of Zabrislde, and there is no suspicion now that he CONFIRMATIONS. was responsible for the defalcation. It was therefore thought by Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate FebM,La1'1J 18, 1902. the committee to be a case where relief should be afforded. I think it is a very strong case, if we are to give relief in cases of POSTMASTERS. this kind, and we do relieve many. William L. Tre·nt, to be postmaster at Knoxville, in the county The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered of Knox and State of Tennessee. to be engrossed for athird reading, read the third time, and passed. Charles S. French, to be postmaster at Lake Geneva, in the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. county of Walworth and State of Wisconsin. J orgen C. Jacobson, to be postmaster at Elroy, in the county of A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. Juneau and State of Wisconsin. BROWNING its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had dis­ James F. Wray, to be postmaste:r at Reidsville, in the county agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 8586) of Rockingham and State of North Carolina. amending the act of March 2., 1901, entitled "An act to carry into John W. C. Long, to be postmaster at Statesville, in the county effect the stipulations of article 7 of the treaty between the United of Iredell and State of North Carolina. States and Spain concluded on the lOth day of December, 1898,'' Edwin L. Ware, to be postmaster at Kings Mountain, in the agrees to the conference asked for by the Senate on the disagree­ county of Cle-veland and State of North Carolina. ing votes of the two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. RAY, Mr. Jm-.'XINS, and Mr. L.ANHA.M managers at the conference on the part of the House. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The message also announced that the Rouse had agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the following bills: TUESDAY, February 18, 1902. A bill (H. R. 1200) granting an increase of pension to Oliver P. Goodwin; The Honse met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. A bill (H. R. 1324) granting an increase of penBion to Charles N. Hl!:NRY N. COUDEN, D. D. Lee; The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. A bill (H. R. 1484) granting an increase of pension to Robert M. CONS"QL.AR AND DIPLOMATIC APPROPRIATION BILL. Scott; A bill (H. R. 2620} granting a pension to Jennie A. McKinley; Mr. HITT, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, re­ A bill (H. R. 3229) granting a pens£on to Katherine R. A. Ogden; ported the bill (H. R. 11471) making appropriations for the diplo­ A bill (H. R. 3266) granting an increase of pension to James matic and consular service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903; Smith ; which was ordered printed, and referred to the Committee of the A bill (H. R. 6453) granting an increase of pension to Ida R. Whole House on the state of the Union. Siegfried; Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee reserved all points of order A bill (H. R. 7343) granting an increase of pension to Martha on the bill. V. Keenan; and MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDE...~ OF Tim UNITED STATES. A bill (H. R. 8652) granting an incre?.se of pension to Virginia Terrill. Sundry messages, in writing, from the President of the Unit~d EXECUTIVE SESSION. States were communicated to the House of Representatives by Mr. PRUDEN, one of his secretaries, who also informed the House of Mr. ALLISON. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid­ Representatives that the President had approved and signed bills eration of executive business. of the following titles: The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the On January 31, 1902: consideration of e:x:ecutive business. After eight minutes spent H. R. 9342. An act to amend the code of law for the District in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 4 o'clock of Columbia, approved March 3, 1901; and and 5 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, H. R. 10368. An act to provide for the removal of snow and ice ·· Wednesday, February 19, 1902, at 12 o'clock meridian. from cross walks and gutters in the city of Washington, D. C. On February 4, 1902: NOMINATIONS. H. R. 8759. An act to require cases of typhoid fever occurring iri the District of Columbia to be reported to the health depart­ Executive nominations received b'!J the Senate February 18, 1902. ment of said District. THIRD SECRETARY OF EMBASSY. On February 7, 1902: George B_~rclay Rives, of J-Tsw Jersey, to be third secretary of H. R. 2008. An act to authorize the city of Duluth, Minn., to the embassy of the United States at Berlin, to take effect March construct and maintain, or cause to be constructed and maintained, 13, 1902, vice Samuel Morrill, resigned. a car transfer over the Duluth Canal, and for that purpose to oc­ COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. cupy certain lands of the United States. On February 14, 1902: Thomas V. McAllister, of Missis ippi, to be collector of customs H. R. 8761. An act to declare the international railway bridge for the district of Vicksburg, in the State of Mississippi, to succeed over the St. Lawrence River, near Hogansburg, N. Y., a lawful Joseph H. Short, whose term of office will expire by limitation structui·e; , February 2J, 1902. H. R. 4988. An act for the relief of :Mary E. McDonald; REGISTER OF LAND OFFICE. H. R. 4372. An act to regulate the collection of taxes in the Frank D. Hobbs, of Utah, to be register of the land office at District of Columbia; and Salt Lake City, Utah, to take effect April 21, 1902, at expiration H. R. 9315. An act making appropriation to supply urgent de­ Qf his present term. (Reappointment.) ficiencies in the appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, and for prior years, and for other purposes. UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE. On February 15, 1902: James P. Platt, of Connecticut, to be United States district H. R. 10076. An act to receive arrearages of taxes due the Dis· judge for the district of Connecticut, vice William ~· Townsend, trict of Columbia to July 1, 1900, at 6 per cent per annum, in lieu promoted to be circuit judge for the second judicial circuit. of penalties and costs. 1~02. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1863

SENATE BILLS REFERRED. S. 3258. An act granting a pension to Simon Partridge-to the Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bills of the following titles Committee on Pensions. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred to their appro­ S. 3072. An act granting a pension to Oliver Gisborne-to the priate committees, as indicated below: Committee on Pensions. S. 2947. An act granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth A. S. 1641. An act granting an increase of pension to Frank J. Shaw-:-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Clark-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 577. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph W. S. 3097. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph A. Burch-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Nunez-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. ~522. An act to increase the pension of certain Mexican war S. 2929. An act granting an increase of pension to Jacob Bar­ pensioners to 12 per month-to the Committee on Pensions. ton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3388. .A.n act granting an increase of pension to John L. Pe­ S. 3213. An act granting a pension to Anna J. Thomas-to the terson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1942. An act granting an increase of pension to Kate H. S. 2802. An act granting a pension to Martha R. Osbourn-to Clements-to the Comniittee on Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3553. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary A. S. 628. An act granting a pension to Annie E. Taggart-tu the Van Wormer-to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2508. An act granting an increase of pension to Pauline S. 502. An act granting a pension to Alexander Beachboard-to Lowe lfurphy-to the Committee on Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 400. An act for the·erection of a public building at Selma, S. 1139. An act granting a pension to Abby Clark MeNett-to Ala.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3204. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary T. S. 1331. An act granting a pension to Ann Eliza Trout-to the Broce-to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1800. An act granting an increase of pension to Jennie C. S. 1626. An act granting an increase of pension . to Micha.el Ruckle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Samelsberger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 721. An act granting an increase of pension to Lavalette D. S. 508. An act granting an increase of pension to Adelaide Dickey-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Worth Bagley-to the Committee on Pensions. S. 3064. An act granting an increase of pension to Emma Sophia S. 3157. An act granting an increase of pension to Rhody Ann Harper Cilley-to the Committ.ee on Pensions. Bradshaw-to the Committee on Pensions. S. 3424. An act granting an increase of pension to Minnie E. S. 462. An act granting an increase of pension to Sallie Demon- King-to the Committee on Pensions. brun-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · S. 2100. An act granting an increase of pension to John S. 2531. Anactgrantinganincrease ofpensiouto WilliamH.H. McGrath-to the Committee on Pensions. Scott-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3393. An act granting a pension to William P. Arble-to the S. 1467. An act granting an increase of pension to Cynthia. A. Committee on Pensions. McKenny-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3482. An act granting an increase of pension to ida C. S. 713. An act granting a pension to Frances E. Stebbins-to Emery-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2643. An act granting an increase of pension to Peter C. S. 3026. An act granting an increase of pension to Marie U. Cleek-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Nordstrom-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2815. An act granting an increase of pension to WilliamS. S. 1289. An act granting an increase of pension to Julius W. Derby-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · Clark-to the Committ-ee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2422. An act granting an increase of pension to John W. S. 2732. An act granting an increase of pension to Marie J. Burnham-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Smyth-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 1933. An act gr:mting a pension to Ella Bailey-to the Com­ S. 2692. An act granting an increase of pension to Lucy W. mittee on Invalid Pensions. Smith-to the Committee on Pensions. S. 2398. An act granting an increase of pension to George W. S. 3403. An act granting an increase of pension to George M. Myers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Emery-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.· S. 8. An act granting a pension to Mrs. George Leonard An­ S. 3820. An act granting an increase of pension to Wan·en B. drews-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. N udd-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3036. An act granting an increase of pension to Jason L. S. 1453. An act authorizing the appointment and retirement of Leighton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. William B. Franklin with the rank of colonel United States S. 1041. An act granting a pension to Abbie M. Packard-to the Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ' Committee on Invalid Pensions. s .. 2877. An act to remove the charge of desertion standing S. 2867. An act granting an increase of pension to John A. agamst the record of Thomas Blackburn-to the Committee on Hazelton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Military Affairs. S. 1135. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas J. S. 1256. An act to remove charge of desertion from the military Stowers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. record of Stephen A. Toops-to the Committee on Military Affairs. S. 2930. An act granting an increase of pension to Franklin B. S. 636. An act to remove the charge of desertion aO"ainst David .Delaney-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A. Lane-to the Committee on Military Affairs. o S. 2013. An act granting an increase of pension to Sidney Le­ 8. 690. An act to correct the military record of Talton T. Davis­ land-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. S. 355n. An act granting an increase of pension to George E. ~· ~681. An act gra~ting an increase of pension to Maria Louisa Houghton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Michie-to the Comm1ttee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2923. An act granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth ~- 469. An act granting an increase of pension to Hiram H. Floyd Sicard-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Kingsbury-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 3284. An act granting a pension to Gilbert P. Howe-to the S. 17 48. An act granting an increase of pension to Williamanna Committee on Invalid Pensions. E. Lynde-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2767. An act granting an increase of pension to Albert D. CHARLES N. LEE. Scovell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Th~ SPE~R laid befo~e the House the bill (H. R. 1324) B. 2049. An act granting an increase of pension to Franklin granting an mcrease of pension to Charles N. Lee, with a Senate Taylor-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. amendment. S. 2394. An act granting an increase of pension to Sybil F. The Senate amendment was read. Hall-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mr. SULLOWAY. Mr. Speaker,· I move that the House con­ 8. 3269. An act granting an increase of pension to Jane E. cur in the Senate amendment. Tompkins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The motion was agreed to. S. 3328. An act granting an increase of pension to Heber C. Griffin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. TREATY OF THE UNITED STATES WITH SPAIN. S. 1967. An act granting an increase of pension to Andrew J. The .SPEAKER laid before the House the bill (H. R. 8586) Freeman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. amending the act of March 2, 1901, entitled "An act to carry into S. 3054. An act granting an increase of pension to Alice De K. e:ff~t the stipulations. of Article vn of the treaty between the Shattuck-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Umted States and Spam, concluded.on the lOth da.yof December S. 3322. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph M. 1898," with Senate amendments. ' Clough-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. The Senate amendments were being read by the Clerk, when S. 3329. An act granting an increase of pension to Annie Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I move that the further reading McElheney-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the amendments be dispensed with and that the House disa- S. 3257. An act granting an increase of pension to Elizabeth K. gree to the Senate amendments and agree to the conference asked Prescott-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. for by the Senate.

/ 1864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

The motion was agreed to. cases germane to the bill, and in others, of course, not. I suggest The SPEAKER appointed as conferees on the part of the House that we have two days of general debate. Mr. RAY of New York, Mr. JENKINS, and· Mr. LANHAM. Mr. SHERMAN. The gentleman thinks we could not get OLIVER P. GOODWIN. along with less time than that? Mr. LITTLE. I hardly think so. The SPEAKER laid before the House the bill (H. R. 1200) grant­ :Mr. SHERMAN. Then I ask unanimous consent that to-day ing an increase of pension to Oliver P. Goodwin, with Senate and to-morrow be devoted to general debate on this bill, and that amendments. immediately after the readin~ of the J om·nal on Thursday next The Senate amendments were read. this bill be taken up for consideration by sections under the five­ Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House minute rule. concur in the Senate amendments. Mr. LITTLE. That is entirely satisfactory. The motion was agreed to. The CHAIRMAN. Unanimous consent is asked that to-day JAMES SMITH. and to-morrow be given to general debate on the pending bill, The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 3266) and that immediately after the reading of the Journal on ne.xt granting an increase of pension to James Smith, with Senate Thursday the bill be taken up for consideration under the five­ amendments. minute rule. Is there objection? The Chair hears none. The Senate amendments were read. Mr. SHERMAN. I understand that many gentlemen on both Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House sides of the House desire to speak in the course of the geneml de- _ agree to the Senate amendments. bate on subjects that do not relate to the Indian bill. As the few The motion was ag1·eed to. remarks that I desire to make will be confined to that subject ex­ clusively, I do not care to make them now. I prefer to make JENNIE A. M'KINLEY. them when the bill is about to be considered. I therefore desire The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 2620) now to reserve my time, to be used later. granting a pension to Jennie A. McKinley, with Senate amend­ Mr. Chairman, I do not know that I included in my request­ ments. if I did not, I will make the request now-that the time for gen­ The Senate amendments were read. eral debate be controlled on the other side by the gentleman from Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House Arkansas [Mr. LITTLE] and on this side by myself. agree to the Senate amendments. ' The CHAIRMAN. If there be no objection, it will be so ordered. The motion was agreed to. The Chair hears no objection. ROBERT M. SCOTT. Mr. SHERMAN. Does the gentleman from Arkansas desire to The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 1484) occupy some time now? I understood that he did. granting an increase of pension to Robert M. Scott, with a Senate Mr. LITTLE. Yes, sir. amendment. Mr. SHERMAN. Then he can take the floor at once. The Senate amendment was read. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from New York [Mr. Mr. LOUDENSLAGE.R. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House SHERMAN] desire to dispense with the reading of the bill at this concur in the Senate amendment. time? The motion was agreed to. Mr. SHERMAN. I do. I ask unanimous consent to dispense -\ with the second reading of the bill. CATHERINE R. A. OGDEN. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the The SPE.AKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 3229) gentleman from New York? The Chair hears none. granting an increase of pension to Catherine R. A. Ogden, with :Mr. LITTLE. I now yield thirty minutes to the gentleman Senate amendments; which were read. from Texas, Mr. BURLESON. Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ concur in the Senate amendments. mittee, the remarks I propose to submit on this bill are not exactly The motion was agreed to. germane, but, incidentally, I may attempt to toy with the scalp IDA R. SIEGFRIED. lock of the opposition party with a tomahawk in real aboriginal style. The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 6453) I regret exceedingly that the amendments offered by the gen­ granting an increase of pension to Ida R. Siegfried, with a Senate tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. BABCOCK] failed of a sufficient vote amendment; which was read. in the Ways and Means Committee to tack them on to the bill Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House that passed yesterday. Not that they would have stood any concur in the Senate amendment. chance of being enacted into law, because if those amendments The motion was agreed to. had been tacked on to that bill we would have had an entirely VffiGINIA TERRILL. 'different rule brought before this body and submitted to it for The SPE.AKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 8652) consideration; but I was anxious to have them ingrafted upon granting an increa e of pension to Virginia Terrill, with a Senate that bill in order to accentuate the position or attitude of the amendment; which was read. Republican party toward what are commonly called trusts. Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House And in this connection, and on this subject of the relation of concur in the Senate amendment. trusts to the dominant party, I desire to submit a few observations. The motion was ag1·eed to. Mr. Chairman, this is a most wonderful country of ours, and MARTHA V. KEENAN. startling chan~es are constantly taking place, and I now direct your attention to a recent one which was quickly but none the The SPEAKER also laid before the House the bill (H. R. 7343) le completely and radically wrought. It is well known to all granting an increase of pension to Martha V. Keenan, with Sen­ that after the election in 1900 the trusts and illegal combinations ate amendments; which were read. of aggregated capital quietly settled themselves down to what Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House was accepted by them as a guaranty of four years more of uninter­ concur in the Senate amendments. rupted loot and pillage of the people. Judging by the past, they The motion was agreed to. had a perfect right to expect this. This condition obtained until INDIAN APPROPRIATIO:N BILL. some time in the late summer or early fall of 1901. And candor Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Honse now re: compels me to say that in the meantime the trusts were not being solve itself into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the disappointed in their expectations, for they were being given Union for ilie purpose of considering the bill (H. R. 11353) mak­ practically unbridled license to do as they would. ing appropriations for the current and contingent expenses of the About this time a strenuous man, for reasons satisfactory to Indian Department and for fulfilling treaty stipulations with va­ himself, proceeded to Minneapolis, in the State of Minne ota, and rious Indian tribes for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, and there delivered himself of a speech. In the course of this speech for other purposes. he used these significant words, speaking of trusts. I read: We shall find it necessary in the future to shackle cunning as in the past The motion was agreed to. we have shackled force. * * * The vast individual and corporate fortunes, Accordingly the House resolved itself into Committee of the the vast combinations of capital which have marked the development of our Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. MoNDELL in industrial system, create new conditions and necessitate a. change from the the chair, and proceeded to the consideration of the bill. old attitude of state and nation toward property. Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask my col­ This was pointed language, spoken in an emphatic way. Did league on the committee, the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. LIT­ it alarm or startle the trusts? Oh, no. The strenuous one was TLE], what his desire is in reference to general debate, so that we only the occupant of an obscure office and was in no position to may, if possible, agree upon some fixed time for closing such debate. menace their interests or even temporarily interrupt their acts of Mr. LITTLE. Mr. Chairman, I have a number of requests spoliation practiced under laws enacted to favor them by tbe from gentleme~ who desire to indulge in general debate-in some dominant political party which they had so often favored. 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1865

Mr. HAMILTON. I would like to ask the gentleman whether cunning, as in the past shackles had been placed on force. Of he knows of any trust o.rganized under any Federal law? course, as a means for carrying into effect this laudable purpose, Mr. BURLESON. If the gentleman is not aware of the exist­ he will utilize the services of the Department of Justice to strike ence of trusts in this country at this time-- down these giant monopolies and trusts which have been for so Mr. HAMILTON. I did not question that. long preying on a helpless people. Of couTse he will first care­ Mr. BURLESON. I have no hope of being able to ·enlighten fully overlook the entire field and select an able lawyer for him, ·and abandon him as a hopeless task. Attorney-General of the United States; a lawyer whose training Mr. HAMILTON. I did not ask the gentl~man that question. has been such that he will be in thorough sympathy with this I asked him to answer me whether he knew of any trust organ­ praiseworthy design. This great lawyer shall be his strong right ized under any Federal law? arm-the honest blacksmith, as it were-to fashion the sha~kles and Mr. BURLESON. I know of laws that the dominant party gyves that the " strenuous one" had determined to place on cun­ could enact to throttle great monopolies and trusts, if they had ning trust barons and shrewd monopolists, who through their the will and desire to do it. greed and avarice were distressing the people. Mr. HAMILTON. Do you know of any trusts organized under Who is to be selected to fill this important post? Great caution any Federal law? must be exercised. No mistake must be made. There was some Mr. BURLESON. I will open a kindergarten for the instruc­ delay, The strenuous one, anxious to select the right man, con­ tion of the gentleman, if it becomes necessary; but I decline to cluded, maybe (out of an abundance of caution), to take counsel be interrupted in this way and at this time. of his party leaders. It is true, just at this thne he was sur­ Mr. HAMILTON. Open the kindergarten now. rounded by many newly acquired friends, and, it may be, he Mr. BURLESON. I do not wish to be interrupted now. The sought advice of his national chairman, or, perchance, the easy gentleman knows I have only a limited time. boss of New York was consulted. Whether so or not, we will Mr. HAMILTON. Do you know of any trust organized under never know, but when he acted all America was disappointed to any Federallaw? learn that he had decided to retain a corporation lawyer, a trust Mr. BURLESON. I should be glad to enlighten the gentleman attorney, to play the role of brawny blacksmith to weld the from Michigan and also the gentleman from Minnesota upon this shackles for cunning trust magnates he had so long and so faith­ question, but I do not want to do it in the limited time which I fully served. In effect, the wolf had bet:n selected to care for have to discuss this. and protect the sheep. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Mr. BLACKBURN. Take a day. Time rolls on, and before Congress had convened some of the Mr. HAMILTON. Name just one trust organized under a most colossal aggregations of capital are effected. Trusts now Federal law-mention one. invaded many industrial lines. Finally, a railroad combination Mr. BURLESON. Well, if the gentleman is so densely igno­ is attempted so palpably monopolistic in character that a Repub­ rant of the conditions in this country that he does not know of lican governor of one of the sovereign States of the Northwest the existence of trusts, I have no hope of enlightening him. felt that protest must be made; that some action must be taken Mr. HAMILTON. Is the gentleman sufficiently well informed in the interest of the people. It was not surprising that the to inform me? brawny blacksmith remained inactive, but, strange as it may Mr. BURLESON. I decline to be further interrupted. seem, for some reason-which is plain to me-the strenuous one The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas declines to yield. had also become quiescent. Mr. HAMILTON. I want to know the name of a single trust Some thought that he had discovered that existing laws did not organized under any Federal law. furnish adequate authority to adjust the shackles he had so Mr. BURLESON. I have declined to be interrupted by the bravely and honestly spoken of using. Some thought he waited gentleman. to communicate with Congress in the method prescribed by our Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. There are a dozen trusts or­ organic law and tell us what he had ascertained and ask for addi­ ganized under the tariff law that could not exist without it. tional authority; some thought other reasons existed in explana­ Mr. BURLESON. I can suggest to the gentleman laws that tion of his conduct, but no one dreamed of the change which had would remedy these evils. been actually wrought. Mr. HAMILTON. What laws? Finally the day comes. Congress is in session. The strenuous Mr. BURLESON. A revision of the tariff, for one, along lines one sends in his message. Now we are to know why he has been suggested by a member of your own party, Mr. BABCOCK, of Wis­ so pitifully quiescent. And lol when the tale has been told we consin. find that the strenuous one, whowastoshacklethecunningtrusts, But to resume, Mr. Chairman, the leaders of this political party when the opportunity came to carry into effect the declarations knew the power and influence of trusts, the trusts knew they so courageously made, had been unable to discover any monopo­ knew it, and feared not. But this emphatic and apparently hon­ lists or trust barons, but only could see" captains of industry." est statement made by the strenuous one fastened the attention of Permit me to read from this message, in order that I may do him the country at large, and especially the victims of trust manipula­ no injustice. tions, and in their sore distress they cried out,'' Oh, if the strenu­ Speaking of trusts, he says: ous one could only be given an opport~nity!'' With his great abil­ The creation of these corporate fortunes has not been due to the tariff nor ity, his keen insight into actual conditions, with his honest desire to any other governmental action, but to natural causes in the business world, to correct these admitted evils, with the apparent courage to operating in other countries as they operate in our own. The process has aroused much antagonism. a great part of which is wholly utilize his ability for the accomplishment of his desire, the very without warrant. It is not true that as the rich have grown richer the poor thought of it brought cheer to the honest farmers of this country, have grown poorer. On the contrary, never before has the average man, the wage worker , the farmer, the small trader, been so well off as in this country the one class who never ask special favors at the hands of their and at the present time. There have been abuses connected with the accu• Government, but who are at present being victimized by the mulation of wealth, yet it remains true that a fortune accumulated in legiti­ trusts to the extent of being compelled to pay from 40 to 300 per mate business can be accumulated by the person specially benefited only on cent more for their agricultural implements than the same arti­ condition of conferring immense incidental benefits upon others. Successful enterprise, of the type which benefits all mankind can only exist if the con­ cles, manufactured by the same concerns, can be bought for in ditions are such as to offer great prizes as the rewards of success. the foreign territory adjoining us on the north or southwest. The captains of industry who have driven the railway systems across this continent, who have built up our commerce, who have aeveloped our manu­ [Applause on the Democratic side.] factures, have, on the whole, done great good to our people. Without them The suggestion that this cunning could be shackled was a sol­ the material development of which we are so justly proud could never have ace and comfort to the mercantile classes throughout the Middle taken place. Moreover, we should recognize the immense importance to this West and Southwest, who were struggling under the exactions materml development of leaving as un.hampered as is compatible with the public good the strong and forceful men upon whom the success of business of a powerful and voracious railroad combine. The great mass operations inevitably rests. of wage-earners who by reason of trust exactions are groaning under the burden of paying considerably more than double the How very tame and, if I wanted to indulge in strong language, price for their food supplies than they were paying three years I might say cringing as compared with the aggressive and cour­ ago heard the voice of the " strenuous one " and believed that they ageous declarations made at Minneapolis only three short months were permitted a gleam of ho_pe that an era might dawn which before. I will read again his declaration at Minneapolis in order could bring them relief. A.h, if the '' strenuous one'' could only be that you may appreciate the striking contrast: . given an opportunity! We shall find it necessary in the future to shackle cunning as in the past we shackl~d f9rce. * * .* Th~ vast individual and corporate fortunes, the The ways of Providence are inscrutable, for, lo, through the vast combmat1ons of capital which have marked the development of our in­ happening of a deplorable tragedy at Buffalo, N.Y., on Septem­ dustrial system create new conditions and necessitate a change from the old ber 6-14 the opportunity unexpectedly came. For a time all our attitude of State and nation toward property. people were overwhelmed with sorrow, but from amidst the pall But this was not enough, for by way of making known his com­ of grief which enshrouded our country at least one ray of light was plete surrender, or rather, to be charitable, I will say by way of evi­ to be seen. In the limitless quantities of bitter there was to be dencing an abandonment of all hostility on his part toward trusts found a little sweet. The opportunity to shackle trusts had come. he has recently named the son of "the captain" of the " captains The "strenuous one" will now proceed to place the gyves upon of industry" to speak the humiliation of republican America at 1866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18, - the coronation of an Emperor and Ring whose government is now the burden which we have put upon ourselves, retrace our steps endeavoring to destroy every vestige of republicanism on the dark to the sure and firm ground of financial safety and national honor. contineL't. But, gentlemen, as I have said before, the strenuous It proposes to do this first by stopping now, and I trust for­ one is not blamable. He is environed by a political organization ever, the compulsory coinage of full legal-tender silver dollars. which is ownod, body and soul, by the trusts. Nothing else could That any person could object to the exchangeability of silver be expected. And why do I say this? and gold because of some fancied danger, and at the same time We all know that a child if taken when it is an infant can be insist upon the continued coinage of the dollar, is to me most taught that even a green snake is the source of all power, and the amazing. I congratulate our friends in the minority that after child can be made to believe that it actually controls its destiny, a six years' struggle with a simple problem in_ economics they and I do not care afterwards how much you may educate that have now abandoned their old theory that legal-tender ilver child it can never shake off entirely the effect of its early teach­ could be maintained under free and unlimited coinage at a parity ings and environments. It will always feel a superstitious dread with gold, and in their report on page 3 have announced that of the green snake. . such dollars '' never can go to a discount so long as they are The trouble in this case is the strenuous one is a Republican, limited in number." Whatlimit? Bywhommade~ With what he is environed by the Republican party, which is directed and relation to the whole volume of currency? If they will struggle controlled by trusts. This party has looked to trusts and mo­ on for six years more they will get down to the elementary truth nopolies so long for support and asssistance, turning its back that the only way by which any forms of money can be main­ upon the people, that now notwithstanding the strenuous one tained at parity is by redemption or exchangeability at the will honestly desired "to shackle cliillling," when the opportunity of the holder. came these old influences were immediately thrown around him The fact that we were forced to the gold redemption of green­ and he found himself overcome. He now knows the power of backs, notwithstanding that they had been limited for years to an trusts; he now knows their influence; he has been taught it by amount far below that of the silver dollars, should give the advo­ those who surround him. He is a Republican; his environments cates of this fallacy food for thought. control him. He still worships the green snake. As I have said, I presume the advance already made, however, accounts for I have no harsh words for him, only pity, because of the result­ the fact that no objection is urged in the minority report to this ant consequences of his most deplorable surroundings. As far as provision of the bill. trusts are concerned, henceforth he is blind, he can not see; he is In his recent report the Director of the Mint says: deaf, he can not hear. · No good reason appears wb.y the coinage of doll&r pieces should not alto­ Gentlemen of the dominant party, permit me to say to yon that gether cease and the entire stock of bullion be used for subsidiary coin. you are intoxicated with yom· present power: you have become recklessly indifferent to the wishes of the people. Listen to what This opinion is fortified by the remarkable fact that the United I say. The people are at last awakening to true conditions. States is the only gold-standard independent nation in the world Yon have reached the point where yon are anxious to trim, to to-day that continues to coin a legal-tender silver dollar or silver evade, to dodge, and the people know it. During this Congress piece of similar size and value. there will be no revision of the tariff, there will be no interference There are many things in which this nation leads the world, bnt with the continued reign of the trusts. The trusts have so willed to be champion of an economic heresy is a distinction of which it. Now, mark the prophecy: These issues will bring about your we have little reason to be p;t_md. undoing. Already a storm is gathering in theWest. The gentle­ Referring to the table in the majority report, showing the mone­ tary systems and approximate stocks of money in the principal man from Wisconsin [1\Ir. BABCOCK], who has been on the watch­ tower for the Republican party for eight years, as chairman of countries of the world, it will be seen that Great Britain, Austria, the Republican Congressional Committee, has sounded a note of Japan, Russia, Norway, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Servia, Ron­ warning, which has been echoed in effect by the present governors mania. Portugal, Finland, Egypt, Denmark, Cuba, the South .Af­ of Iowa and Minnesota, both Republicans, but it will avail naught. rican Republic, Cape Colony, Canada and Australia have nownot You are joined to your idols; you are true Republicans; you know a single dollar of legal-tender silver in circulation, and Germany the power of trusts; they know your venality. This tells the is recoining hers into sub idiary coin as rapidly as possible, and whole story. [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] under the law passed last year will have it all so changed within Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, if any excuse whatever was nece­ ten years. sary to bring before this Honse a discussion of the financial bill, Under these circumstances is it not at least worth while for the I think that it would be found in the last message which William United States to stop and think? McKinley sent to Congress. I will read from it: The second proposition of the bill is that the bullion remaining It will be the duty, as I am sure it will be tb.e disposition of the Congress in the Treasury shall be minted into subsidiary coin. Either this to provide whatever future legislation is needed to insure parity under all must be done or new bullion must be purchased, for the demand conditions between our two forms of metallic money, silver and gold. for that form of money is imperative and must be met. That was the last utterance William McKinley ever made ro the The situation is plainly shown in a letter recently writte by Congress or the American people on the money question. I pro­ Bon. George E. Roberts, Director of the Mint. He says: pose, in view of that message, to take up now for consideration Tb.e facts of the situation, briefly stated, are that prior to the passage of and explanation, as well as I may, House bill 7645, to maintain the the act of March H, 1900, the total stock of subsidiary coin in the country legal-tender silver dollar at parity with gold and to increase the wa.s limited to $80,!XX),(XX), and-by that act the limit was raised to $100,!XX),!XXJ. subsidiary coinage, which stands No.1 on the Union Calendar. The demand for subsidiary com dm-ing the past two y_~rs b.as been very b.eavy1 and the total stock in the country is now nearly r.t2,!XX),OOO, almost all In June, 1878, prior to resumption of specie payments this of which is outside the Treasury in activo circulation. country had 900,000 legal tender silve! dollars and $71,700,000 of It seems quite J!robable that unless this Congress takes some action to subsidiary coin. aga.in raise the limit, the entire amount authorized will be absorbed before another Congress can act1 and the Treasury will be unable to meet the legiti­ The ratio between gold and silver was then 17.94 to 1, and our mate wants of trade. It IS therefore of urgent imP._Ortance that some m~ ure be passed by the Fifty-seventh Congr andi if practicable, during the stock of gold was $'313,199,977. present session, to relieve the situation. It scarce yneed be said that nothing On November 1, 1893, the purchase clause of the Sherman Act can be more annoying or embarrassing in business circles than to be unable was repealed amid gloom, disaster, and panic, brought on by a to ma.ke change. well-grounded fear of silver redemption of coin obligations. There is no gainsaying or arguing against tho demand for subsidiary coin. Tb.e business men call for it because they want it, and when they call for it Our legal-tender silver had then increased to $392,695,785. Our a.re exceedingly annoyed if unable to obtain it. No reason exists why: their subsidiary coin to $i6,960,353 in amount, but fallen off in per needs should not be completely supplied, and it is unwise :md inconsiderate capita from 1.36 to 98 cents. to neglect the situation and not allow the Treasury to provide for their con­ Our stock of gold at the end of the fiscal year was $597,697,685, stantly growing requirements. and the ratio betw~en gold and silver was then 26.49 to 1. The Secretary of the Treasury in his report has referred to the From that day to this we have steadily and persistently con­ situation, and made the definite recommendation that the limit of tinued to coin more dollars which the people do not want and will the stock be raised from one hundred to one hundred and twenty not circulate, and with the exception of twenty millions refused million, and I know, from personal conference with him, that he to coin subsidiary, which the people do want and will keep in has no objection to the limits being entirely removed and thinks circulation. that would be the preferable policy. On January 1, 1902, the legal-tender silver dollars amounted to The objection to limiting the stock of subsidiary coin to $120,- $532,955,4.28, and subsidiary coin to 91,975,381. The ratio between 000,000 is that it will surely be necessary within three or four gold and silver this year has been about 3.5 to 1. Fortunate indeed years to take further action. It is only two years since the limit is it that our stoclr of gold has risen to $1,176,172,153, and saved was raised from eighty to one hundred million and no good · us from the otherwise inevitable re ults of our own mistakes. reason exists why the supply of so important a tool of trade shall The present bill proposes to frankly recognize the errors of the be strictly limited. If when legislation is asked on short notice past to stop now in the path we have been pursuing, and which it should for any reason be obstructed or delayed. serious embar­ our own judgment and the experience of every gold-standard na­ rassment might result. There is no way in which the discretion tion jn the world tell us is the wrong one, and manfully taking up vested in the Secretary of the Treasury can be exercised to tho 1902. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD- HOUSE. · 1867 detriment of the·public, and it would appear from every consid­ 1," and the " Government in the banking busmess " will be tra­ eration better to provide for a series of years. ditions only. I can add nothing to this statement as to the necessity for some When that time comes the world will be at our feet, for in action. The only question is, What action? And my reply, and every other e.lement of superiority we have the advantage now. I think that of every man who gives the subject a~y considera­ So far as the quantity of legal-tender money is concerned no tion, is, Give the people all they want as long as it will remain anxiety need be felt. in circulation. How much that will be can be best determined The increase in the world's stock of gold for the past ten years by comparisons with other nations. is but prophetic of its universal use as the world's medium of ex­ In 1878 we had $1.36 per capita, and on January 1,1901, we had change in the years to come, for in the marts of commerce, as in only $1.12. the factory, the best tool is the cheapest and always will be chosen On January 1, 1901, Great Britain had in circulation 2.82; where choice is possible. The increase in our stock of gold for Austria Hungary, $1.57; Germany, $2.26, and under a law passed the past decade has been as follows: last year is now recoining her legal-tender silver up to an aggre­ gate of $3.50 per capita, the balance of the legal tender having Jan~~=------______------______------$597,697,685 been sold as bnllion; France, 1.54; Switzerland, $3.24; Denmark, 1894------62:7,293, ID1 1895------636,229,82.5 $2.46; Sweden, $1.34:; Japan, only70 cents, but she, like Germany, 1896------500,597, 9&! on adopting the gold standard, called in all of the old legal-tender yen, sold 41,000,000 yen as bullion, and is recoining into subsidiary · 27 500,000 yen as rapidly as possible, and Norway, 1.14. It was the opinion of Horace White, of New York, expressed ! ~ ~::~~;:~ : ;j:;:~===:=_=;-~:::?j::.::;:~ : :~-=:~--; -~;; ;---:__ -tm: fi i to the Coinage Committee, that the United States could float more subsidiary coin than Germany. My question was- With such a stock of gold as this, why talk of an insufficient Germany will have about $3.50per capita when their legal-tender silver is supply of legal tender, when the fact is that hardly 10 per cent of changed to subsidiary coin. Do you think it will be safe for us to figw·e on the either gold or silver is in actual use, but only their paper repre-­ same amount ultimately? · Answer. I think we can calculate on a larger percentage. sentatives which possess no such quality, and one of the principal Question. Say $4? uses for the legal-tender paper which we do have is to draw from Answer. Yes; I sholl1d think so. the Treasury nonlegal-tender bars of gold for international trade? Question. That would be $(m,!XX>,(XX) of subsidiary coint .Answer. Yes. To all of the propositions thus far advanced I assume that the minority give their full assent, for in their dissenting views not But as a perfectly safe proposition letns take the average of all one word is found concerning any of them, and if the proverb these countries, except Japan, and this would give $2.20 per capita, tlrat "silence gives consent " was ever true, it must be in this and this on the basis of our population January 1, 1902, would ~. - make 172,561,4:00 which this country would float, if our legisla­ Assuming then, first, that the maximum limit oflegal-tender sil­ tion would permit it to do so, with greatly increased satisfaction ver has been fixed, and, second, that an automatic process has been to the people and with corresponding relief to the Treasury. provided by which the volume can be reduced and ultimately It was the opinion of the Assistant Treasurer, C. N. Jordan, given changed into a safe, desirable, and needed form of currency, the to me a few days ago, that with the retirement of the one-dollar second clause of the bill looks squarely to its maintenance mean­ bills at least 60 per cent of the $70,000,000 now outstanding would while, under all conditions, at parity With the standard of 25 .g be replaced by subsidiary coin. We have now of subsidiary grains of gold, by exchangeability therefor, at the will of the $91 ,975,381. We have of bullion $40,283,086 worth, which would holder. make of subsidiary coin $61,546,100, or a total when coined of This is based on the plain proposition that a Government ought $153,521,481, or nineteen millions less than the average of the not to issue a single dollar which the citizen can be forced to ac­ other nations would call for; but as it would take at least five cept, unless it will itself accept it in return in exchange for the years to coin the bullion and as with the present growth of the dollar which it has itself prescribed as- the standard. country we should then have a population of 85,000,000, the per Let us first see what the relation of the silver dollar is to our capita of subsidiary would be but $1.80, or very much below the currency system now. Under section 3529, Revised Statutes, average of the nations named. pennies and nickels are made exchangeable, each for the other, In a word, we mnst have more subsidiary coin. To get it, we and both redeemable in lawful money in sums of 20 or more. must either buy bullion or use what we have. The bill repeals By the law of June 22, 1874 silver coins, in excess of 100 in the compulsory provisions of the war-revenue act and gives the amount, shall be exchanged for gold coin at the mints and the Secretary of the Treasury powet to use his discretion with refer­ New York assay office. By the law of June ~. 1879, the Treas­ ence to this matter, and further provides that when the stock of urer and assistant treasurer are required to exchange subsidiary bullion is exhausted, if public necessity demands more, he shall coin in sums of $20 and multiples thereof for lawful money, or to recoin silver dollars into subsidiary coin tomeet that demand. I exchange lawful money for subsidiary coin on demand of the regret that this latter contingency is so remote, for every dollar so holder. recoined will give us a profit of 7 per cent at the same time that By the act of August 7, 1882, the Treasury is directed to trans­ it lessens the danger to which we are exposed from the enormous port free of charge silver coins on request and on deposit of like volume of legal-tender silver dollars. amount of coin or currency in the Treasury. Precisely this is what other nations are doing, Japan and Ger­ By the act of May 26,1882, gold bars are exchangeable for gold many selling part and recoining the balance, and the Latin Union, coin. by the convention of 1898, entering upon the re~oinage process to By the act of March 14,1900, United States notes and Treasury the extent of the following amounts: notes are redeemable in gold. Francs. France _--- -- ______----- __- --- liD, ()(X), !XX) Under section 3700, Revised Statutes, the Secretary of the Treas­ ury can buy coin (gold or silver) at such rates and upon such terms as he may deem most advantageous to the public interest et:~~~=~===~~~~~~~~~===~:~~====~~===~~====~~====~~~==~~==~~:~==== ~:!:~ and pay in exchange therefor any bonds or notes of the United Holland has upon her statute books a law permitting the treas­ States authorized by law ury to melt into bars and sell the coins minted prior to 1873, the Of cotirse gold and silver certificates are exchangeable for the declared purpose being to enable the Government to maintain the respective metals. relative value of gold and silver in case of necessity. So that pennies, nickles, subsidiary, paper and even gold coin I do not believe that this is necessary in our case, nor do I be­ all have a redeemer~ except the silver dollar; but this half and lieve that the people of the United States would consent to the half of value and promise must si;and alone, trusting in God and loss which would accrue, which, figuring only the difference be­ the Republican party, to maintain itself at parity with other legal­ tween the nominal and actual value of the stock on hand on J anu­ tender money. _And yet we call this a gold-standard nation. ary 1 1902, would be $285,664,110. I do not think that there is a man on either side of this House By the increase of our population, in less than a hundred years who believed, after the campaign of 1896, that the overwhelming every dollar of it can be converted into limited tender, and mean­ victory then secured for sound money was to end with a declara­ while if the greenbacks are retired and proper precautions are tion only for the gold standard, and with it the permanent reten­ used it can be safely carried. tion in our monetary system of 346,000,000 demand notes and I look forward to the time when the money of the United States, 573,000,000 silver dollars, and yet, while the position of the green­ like that of our commercial rivals, Great Britain and Germany, back has been strengthened and that of the silver weakened by and our future agricultural rival, Russia, will be gold as the legal the act of March 14, 1900, both still remain a menace and a hin­ tender, silver as the subsidiary coin, and bank notes and cheeks drance to a real currency reform. and drafts as the instruments of trade. Then deficits may come The proposition now befpre the House is not a new one. On and surpluses may go, but the money of the people will be un­ the 12th of January, 1897, a convention assembled in Indianapolis, changed and unchangeable, and "maintenance of parity," " 16 to and 26 States were represented. Ita one purpose was a reform in 1868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18, .

the currency. A commission was appointed to prepare a meas- of such gold ~in and bup.lon in said fund shall at any time fall below $100,­ ure for presentation to Congress. It consisted of George F. OOJ"~ then It shall be his duty to restore the same to the maximum sum of Edmunds, of Vermont; Charles S. Fairchild, of New York; $1ou,WJ,!XX>, and for the debt thus incurred to issue and sell- C. Stuart Patterson, of Pennsylvania; John W. Fries, of North bonds, etc., so that demands upon the reserve amounting to fifty Carolina; Thomas G. Bush, of Alabama; George E. Leighton, of millions more than the gold and notes in the current funds of the Missouri; Stuyvesant Fish, of New York; William B. Dean, of Trea-sury would render even this course impossible until a bond Minnesota; RobertS. Taylor, of Indiana; J. Laurence Laughlin, issue had been forced. · of Dlinois; LouisA. Garnett, of California. The entire year was Furthermpre_, when t~ poip.t is reached the Treasury has only spent in patient investigation. co~e by an mdiie~t and mrcmtous route to the result of restoring Thousands of circular letters were sent out with a series of in- panty, when the direct and easy method of exchangeability would quiries on every branch of the subject, and numerous meetings have prevented a panic in the beginning. were held for consultation, and on January 3, 1898, their con- But it is said that this bill is more stringent in its provisions elusions were given to the public, and at once a bill embodying than the caucus measure which the House passed. Let us com- them was introduced in Congress by Hon. JESSE OVERSTREET. pare ~he .two: It provided for an unqualified adoption of the gold standard This bill ~ects. the Secretary to main~i;n at all times tha silver and for its maintenance, that no more silver dollars should be dollar at panty With gold ~y excha~geability of these two only at C?ined, the exchangeability of the silver dollar for gold, there- the Treasury (that means m Washington~ , .and, in his discreti~n, tirement of the greenbacks, and for the sale of the bullion in the · th~ ~eep.back reserve fymd and all proVISIOns of law for roam­ Treasury. Leslie M. Shaw, of Iowa, was president, and Henry tammg It are made available. . C. Payne, of Milwaukee, a member of the executive committee The language of the caucus bill was: of the convention which approved this report. The Secr~tary of t.h~ Treasury ~authorized and required to use said re- The bill failed to become a law, but these provisions received serve f)Uld m ma~t.ammg at all times the parity and equal value of every dolla.r ISSued or comed by the and if at any time the Secretary the approval of the maJ· ority of the Republican members of the of the Treasury deems It necessaryGovernment~ in oraer to maintain parity and equal Banking and Currency Committee, and in the second session of value of all the money of the United States he may at liis diScretion, ex­ the Fifty-fifth Congress were embodied in another bill, except change gold coin for any other money issued or coined by the Uni._ted States. that the bullion was to be made into subsidiary coin instead of The present bill covers legal-tender coin only, the caucus bill being sold. ' covered nonlegal-tender paper and even subsidiary coin. Both This bill went to the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and required the maintenance of parity. One authorized the method Measures, and by the solid Republican membership was passed and provided a reserve, the other directs the thing itself a reserve and put upon the Calendar of the Hotl.Se. being now in existence larger by $28,000,000 than was then pro- There it died a natural death, but prior to the adjournment of posed. No better argument can be presented for the proposed the Fifty-fifth Congress a Republican caucus of the House ap- plan than the language of the caucus report where they say: pointed a special committee to prepare a bill to be submitted to If such an emergency !!ha~ arise, .it is best that the du~ of the Govern­ the Fifty-sixth Congress. That committee consisted of Hon. ment shall. be clear. This will not mcrease the responsibility beyond the DAVID B. HENDERSO:S, Hon. SERENo· E. PAYNE, Hon. JOHN DAL- burden which now rests upon the Government. It will discharge the duty directly which is now met indirectly. Indeed, it is confidently believed that ZELL, H on. J ESSE 0 VERSTREET, H on. W . S . K err, H on. J . W. less embarrassment will follow the direct method. The demand for such BABCOCK, Hon. PAGE MORRIS, Ron. W. C. LOVERING, Ron. E. F. exchange will be reduced in proportion as the certainty of the exchange ia LoUD, Hon. CHARLES CuRTIS, Hon. R. B. Hawley. After two made manifest. weeks' deliberation, they made a unanimous report to the caucus To all of which I say "Amen., of the Fifty-sixth Congress, setting forth "that they did not The bill as amended came back to the House, and became the seek to arrange a complete scheme of finance, but confined their law of March 14, 1900. Since that this proposition has received the recommendations to those subjects of most pressing demand, as unanimous Republican vote of the Committee on Coinage evidenced by pledges of the Republican party," and expressed Weights, and Measures in both the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh their "opinion that the most urgent subject was the question of Congresses, and a bill introduced by Hon. JESSE OVERSTREET a monetary standard and provision for its maintenanqe." covering exchangeability of the silver dollar at the demand of th~ Among these provisions were the establishment of the gold re- holder~ received the ~epu~lican vote of the Banking and Currency serve against the United States notes, fixing it at 25 per cent of Commi~tee of t~e Fifty-sixth Congress and has again been intro­ the notes and 5 per cent of the silver dollars outstanding, which duoed m the Fifty-seventh Congress, so that the principles in· would make a total now of $122,855,884; authorized the exchange- volved in this bill have a very respectable indorsement. ability of the silver dollar for gold, and indeed all forms of money; It is needless to discuss now the reasons why the bill which removed the limit for subsidiary coin, and allowed the use of the passed the House in the Fifty-sixth Congress did not become a Treasury bullion for such coinage. law. The act of March 14, 1900, while falling far short of what That bill, with those provisions in it, received the vote of every had been expected after the campaign of education in 1896 was Republican member of the Honse and of many Democrats be- still a distinct step forward, and, with an explicit declaratio~ for sides. It went to the Senate, and came back here with a modified the singl~ gold standard written in the statutes, gave promise of gold-standard declaration at the beginning, and at the end a state- better things. The only question is, Shall those things which are ment that- absolutely necessary to its maintenance be done now or will The provisions of this act are not intended to preclude the accomplishment CoJ?-gress wait till another sore experience like 1893 compels such of international bimetallism whenever conditions shall make it expedient and action? For the dangerous features of our system which exiated pra<:ticable to secure the same by concurrent action of the leading commer- then are still present, and, aside from the power to ·ssue certifi­ cial nations of the world and at a ratio which shall insure permanence of 1 relative value bet ween gold and silver. cates of indebtedness to provide for deficiencies of revenue and And this statement was literally true, for into the very heart of the increase of gold, the Government machinery for meeting those the bill had been driven the continued and expedited coinage of the dangers is less efficient than before. Trea-sury ~ullion. The authority to increase the subsidiary coin . You who think the endless cha~ is stopped examine your morn­ had been limited to $20,000,000, and even the discretionary power mg statements of Treasury operations and you will find that from given to the Treasury to maintain the parity of the silver dollar resumption in 1879 to March 14, 1900, the average annual re­ by exchanging it for gold was stricken out, and such powers as demption of greenbacks was $23,759,409, and since that time in were given by that act were limited to greenback redemption this fioodtide of wonderful prosperity, with over three hundred only, so that the silver dollar stands absolutely alone and unsup- millions of the gold in the Treasury owned by private parties ported to-day, and the Secretary of the Treasury, though directed through certificates, the greenback redemptions in gold have to maintain the parity of all forms of money, has no lawful power averaged $29,924,952 per year!. so that instead of stopping or even given him to do it. The only way by which anyone has even clogging the endless chain it nas only been made to work more claimed that parity could legally be maintained is by use of the smoothly. There is no room in a gold-standard system for fiat redeemed greenback, under the term" for any lawful purpose" mo.ney. It must eithe~ be paid and canceled or the responsibility (and by section 3700, Revised Statutes, the exchange of green- of Its cur!e?t redemption squarely assumed by the issuing power. backs for silverwould be lawful); but the trouble is that the YousayitiSdangeroustoassumetheredemptionofthesilverdol­ language of the same section explicitly provides that- lars. I concede it, but it is still more dangerous not to for the danger exists all the time, and it is far safer to prepare for it in whenever and as often as any of said notes shall be redeemed from said fund it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to use said notes so re­ times of prosperity than to have it find us unprepared and help­ deemed to restore and maintain such reserve fund in the manner following, less when adversity comes, as come it surely will. to wit: fiat First, by exchanging the notes so redeemed for any gold coin in the gen­ The in the silver dollar and the fiat in the paper dollar must eral fund of the Treasury; second, by accepting depoSits of gold coin at the both be treated alike. To say that "it will compel a large in­ Treasury or at any subtreasury in exchange for the United States notes so crease of the gold reserve" is to admit that the danger exists and r edeemed; third, by procuring S"Old coin by the use of said notes, in accord­ that we are unprepared for it. To argue that "it will create a ance with the proVISions of section 3700 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. If the Secretary of the Treasury is unable to restore and maintain new endless c.hain" ignores the fact that the silver dollar is re­ the iOld coin in the reserve fund by the foregoing methods, and the amount ceivable for customs duties, and that paying silver into one door 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1869 of the Treasury has a worse effect upon the gold reserve than would absorb no more the undistributed balance was sent back to drawing gold out from another by greenback redemption. To Spain, and free coinage was not permitted\ and so every element claim that ''the Government has the power to call an absolute which could enter into the problem of mamtenance of parity by halt to a raid upon its gold reserve by impounding the green­ use existed in a marked degree. backs and Treasury notes," as the minority do claim, simply There was one thing, however, which they did not do. They shows that they have not read the law, for it explicitly states did not build a fence around the island and stop the import and that only fifty millions can be so held and then the mill begins to export of commodities, and everything which went out or came grind again. To assert that ''it will facilitate the exportation of in just as truly marked the value of the money there as if it had gold" sets aside the simplest law of trade, that gold exports are been gold, for the commercial world was doing business with gold governed by rates of exchange and interest charges, over neither as the measure of values. Instead of equaling a dollar in gold in of which the Government has any control, and that international purchasing power among their own people, it started off in 1896 balances must in the end be paid. at 64t cents, fell in 1897 to 59 cents, and when the American oc­ According to Gresham's law, cheap money will expel good from cupation came in 1898 went to 42 cents, its bullion value, and in circulation, and for that reason the money of the wage-earner just three years the curtain was rung down on the farce of main­ should be just as good as that which pays the foreign creditor. tenance of parity by use. The minority claim that ''it will cause the retirement of the sil­ I honestly believe that but for the confidence of the American ver dollars." If it would do this, more than half of our troubles people that the Government will stand squarely behind the silver would be gone, but I confess I utterly fail to see how exchange­ dollar and ultimately accept it in exchange for gold it would go ability can have any effect upon quantity; but if by any leger­ to a discount now, as the greenback did before resumption, al­ demain this result was achieved, it would only bring us to the though the quantity was limited and no legal-tender silver dol­ goal which 19 other gold-standard nations of the world have lars were in existence. I want that confidence made supreme by reached after long struggles and severe losses with full legal­ writing the promise in the statutes, for when once there no psrty tender silver. will dare to disobey it. The final argument against exchangeability is that it is unnec­ Let me cite a few proofs that the American people also want it. essary, for '' pa1ity will be maintained by use.'' My reply is that Says Arthur Hadley, president of Yale University: the use of any legal-tender fiat money can only be compelled in the The bill in general seems to be a good one, and you are at liberty to quote settlement of existing debts, and each new contract must be made me as having said so. with confidence in its ultimate redemption. That confidence once A.M. Day, professor in the school of political science in Columbia shaken, where possibility of choice exists, as it does here, it surely University: will be exercised, and that means ultimate disparity. I sincerely hope that the bill may become a law at once. It seems to me to Limitation of quantity does not affect the quality of money. A embody both the least and the most that can now safely be done to secure counterfeit dollar is no better or no worse because there may be the safety of our monetary system. few or many of them. Let me cite an illustration of the differ­ The thirty-first annual meeting of theNational Board of Trade, ence between parity by use and parity by redemption. India waa at its session in this city a year ago, after a full discussion and a silver-standard country. By the a.ct of June 26, 1893, the mints conference with the Secretary of the Treasury and President by of India were closed to the free coinage of silver and the volume a distinguished committee, reported specifically by name and practically limited now to $469,700,000, or a per capita. of $1.58 number in favor of the adoption by Congress of this identical bill. against our $8.51. According to the law of limitation and use, At their session again this year the board passed a resolution- the value should have remained unchanged, but instead of that That we recommend that Congress enact such legislation as may be neces­ sary to put this country on a permanent gold basis. great fluctuations occurred, "until the act 22 of 1899 passed by the governor-general in council gave legislative effect to the de­ And supplemented this action by declaring for every provision . cision of the government to change the standard of the Indian embodied in this bill. monetary system from silver to gold." Now, as will be seen by The Finance Committee of the New York Chamber of Com­ the Mint report for 1901, page 382-- merce said: We believe that the sooner any and all defects in the legislation of the Mr. SHAFROTH. Will the gentleman allow me a question? previous session relating to the maintenance of the gold standard are re­ Mr. HILL. Yes; if I have the time. moved the better it will be for the country at large and for business in gen­ Mr. SHAFROTH. Is the policy for which the gentleman con­ eral; and we also feel that action in this d.iiection should be taken now at the present Be9!rion «. n>ngress, rather than be delayed and acted upon at the tends required by law? Does not the Government retain the op­ next session ui ~ess, when another election 1s approaching. The mar­ tion of paying either gold or silver as it chooses? velous development of the mercantile interests of this country now in prog­ Mr. IDLL. Let us see about that. I say it does not make any ress denumdS, m our judgment,_ the serious attention of Congress, in order that the groundwork may be la1d and the su~rstructure begun of a broad difference whether the Government retains the power or not. It and comprehensive working system, which will be adequate to the needs of is doing this thing now and has done it ever since the gold stand­ the coming generations. And the first thing to be done, it seems to u.s, is to ard was adopted. fix beyond all cavil and question the gold basis upon which this fabric of Mr. ~HAFROTH. Your bill requires the Government, does it credit and finance shall rest. not, toJfl gold for silver? The Philadelphia Inquirer says: Mr. L. Suppose that silv~t should go to a discount, would Mr. Hill has reported a bill that makes the gold standard absolute in this not the Government, if it had the power, be compelled to redeem country, in practice as well as in theory. It ought to pass speedily. it? It could not refrain from exercising this power. I say that The New York Times says: the difference between the word "authorized" and the word The passage of the bill will finally settle the silver g.uestion and establish the gold standard on a perfectly sound and steady baSlS. It will at the same " directed " does not make one particle of difference in the prac­ time make provision for the sorely felt and constantly increasing need of tical operation of this bill; and I am perfectly ready at any time small change. when the bill comes up for consideration to accept an amend­ Of it the New Haven Register said last winter: ment changing the word "directed" into "authorized," feeling It is not possible for the party in power to withhold its prompt approval and knowing that it would make no practical difference in the without OJ>ening itself to the just charge of a betrayal of sacred trust. In operation of the bill. 1896 it made the enactment of a gold-standard law the leading issue of the campaign. It won its election upon that issue with the aid of thousands of " The Government for the present undertakes to receive from men who are members of a di:fferent household of political faith. For four the public gold in exchange for rupees and rupees in exchange years it neglected its pledg~.~nd last year it was again returned to power for gold at the· rate of 15 rupees to the sovereign." Does anyone uv.9n the money issue. Mr. ..t1iu should e:xh.a.nst his opportunities to drive the bill through in time for the Senate to concur before the death of Congress. doubt that parity will continue with exchangeability and disap­ It is everlastingly right and just. pear at once when exchangeability stops? A year ago I cited the The Hartford Post says: case of Porto Rico. Let me again call your attention to it. Up President McKinley and Secretary Gage both recommend that the defect to 1895 they were using the Mexican dollar. For five years they in the law should be remedied at the earliest opportunity. The necessity for ha-d tried to maintain its nominal value by forbidding its impor­ doing so is obvious. Mr. HILL'S bill covers the ground. It should be passed tation and keeping it in use. But limitation and use alike were without unnecessary delay and without amendment. of no avail, and it went steadily down to 59 cents, and the neces­ Worcester Spy says: saries of life went up in price proportionately. Congress should complete the work it has begun. The Porto Rican government then concluded that they would Memphis Scimitar: have a currency of their·own, which would not be affected by the The last remaining danger of a cheap-money Administration degrading valne of silver in the ontside world, bnt which, exactly adjusted the currency would be done away with. to the needs of trade among their own people, would thus main­ New York Evening Post says: tain its parity by use. So they gathered in the Mexican dollars The measure will require no more gold reserve than we have now, but rather less, since its passage will quiet all lingering suspicions that the Gov· at 95 cents each and coined from these the Porto Rican peso or ernment itself makes n. difference between gold dollars and silver ones. dollar, with less silver in it, and issned them at a dollar apiece in Bradstreet's, New York City, says: lien of the Mexicans, which had all been withdrawn. It was a Some such measure would seem to be desirable to remove the uncertainty full legal tender, redeemable in nothing, exchangeable for noth­ which still lingers in the public mind in spite of the passage of the law of March ing, exactly adjusted to the wants of the trade, for when the island U, 1900. 1870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY {8,

The Buffalo Commercial, referring to the Overstreet and Hill which was pretty certain not to be freely granted. Consequently bills, says: he was fairly safe from response. I appreciate that the matter is If either becomes a law there will be no further menace to the gold stand­ stale now, and is petty. It needs no refutation, because the very ard in times of panic or financial distress. intemperance of hiB remarks carried with them their own con- Philadelphia Record says: demnation. ' This, then, would complete the legislation in regard to the monetary But, inasmuch as the gentleman based his indictment of the standard. Administration on the fact that it was making a departure from Baltimore .American says: Democratic simplicity, that they were tending towara aristoc­ There being no reason, then, in the American's philosophy for maintain­ racy and worship of titles, that theory is so contradicted by facts ing a flirtation with the white metal when the country is firmly wedded to that I wish to give another historical incident illustrating the the yellow, Congress should put a.n end to the matter by passing the bill gentleman's mistakes and showing that we are moderating the Pittsburg Times says: Democratic fondness for royalty instead of tiXa.ggerating it. I With silver exchangeable for gold, there will be no further doubt of the do not mean to intimate that I think that the action of our stablo basis of the comage of the United States, and the fears that were excited by the Bryan campaign will arise no more to plague the nation. Administration needs any Democratic precedent. It is sound Pittsburg Dispatch says: enough to stand on its own merits. I remember that a great lawyer- I think it was Erskine-was once arguing a case and the The adoption of this measure should suffice to put an end to the mis­ chievous agitation of the currency question as a political issue. h two na­ court asked him if he had any precedent for his opinion. He tional elections the people have deol&red most emJ?ha.tically for the existing sa.id: "I have not examined the cases, your honor. I will if you sound monetary system. There can be no doubt e1ther of their understand­ wish; but I sholJ.ld be sorry to deprive your honor of the distinc­ ing of the subject or of their determination upon it. tion of being the first to establish so just and wise a precedent." Cleveland Leader says: I think that applies in the present case. The country simply can not afford to run the risks involved in the post­ I think the conduct of our Administration is only courteous, ponement of such action by Congress as would make it possible to disturb the eristing st&ndard of values by the manipulation of the great stock of hospitable, and sensible, and, without any precedent, will receive silver now on hand. . the approbation of the .American people regardless of party. But, The Omaha. Bee said, referring to the last Congress: inasmuch as there has been an attemr-t to make party capital of There is no good reason why legislat ion to fortify the gold-standard act it, let me give you a. Democratic precedent. The reception of the should not be enacted by the present Congress. It is approved by the finan­ Prince of Wales by Pre ident Buchanan was so thoroughly aired cial and business interests, a.nd there is nothing to be gamed by leaving it to the other other day by the gentleman from Ohio that it certainly the next Congress. Delay is needless and might prove dangerous. demolished part of the gentleman's argument. The other action And the San Francisco Call, speaking of the movement of gold which he complained of as unprecedented and wrong was that a. after this legislation passes, says: member of the President's family was going abroad to take a _It will continue to flow hitherward from all the world, making us a great glimpse of a foreign court. reservoir of the world's capita.l, and, therefore, the world's creditor. Now, I do not think that is a veryproper subject of discussion Mr. Chairman, this is the consummation which I seek. here. I will do the gentleman from Kentucky the justice to say In October, 1901, 93 per cent of all the customs duties in New that he had the grace to admit that he did not like to bring it York City were paid in gold certificates. In June, 1894, 84 per forward, and he touched upon it as delicately as possible, if h~ cent were paid in silver certificates, the Treasury came within was to allude to it at all. I confess it seems tome preposteroil.Sto twenty-four hours of compulsory silver redemption, the country to argue it. If a young lady can not accevt the invitation of was stripped of the change money needed for paying wages and friends to go and see a great public ceremonial in another conn· small transactions, :.nd the Treasury was helpless. · try which, however empty and dull it may seem to the gentleman It was a concr·ete illustration of the Golden Rule translated from Kentucky, yet, with its pomp and picturesqueness would from the domain of ethics to the practical experience of every­ naturally be attractive to the curiosity and ardor of youth, if she day life, " Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye could not do that without criticism on this floor, then what I even so to them.'' supposed was the dominant principle of American society, the The people of this country will have precisely the degree of con­ inherent and inalienable right of the .American girl to do ex­ fidence in our money which the Government has, and if the Treas­ actly what she pleases, is seriously endangered. [Laughter.] ury refuses to exchange gold for silver the people will do likewise To a venerable and serious-minded statesman entirely engrossed when the pinch comes and their individual interest prompts them in his solemn studies, thin-blooded, aged, and blase, such pomp to such a course. and ceremony may appear useless mummeries. But the gentle. Past experience is not only a warning to the foolish man, but man must not forget that there is another point of view, less wise, should be a guide to the wise o:1e. perhaps, but perfectly harmless, and that 99 per cent of the girls I am not willing to see this nation idly rest in the dreamer's of America would be glad to see such a ceremony and would dis-· para elise of " letting well enough alone." . own anyone of their class who did not seize the opportunity. China has done that for three thousand years, and has been Then, of course, it follows that 99 per cent of the young men slowly dying all the time. "Letting well enough alone" never would indorse and approve that opinion, and would corurider that won a victory or blazed the way of progrese, and it never will. nobody could criticise it except some cold and petrified fo sil. I Thus far in its history the Republican party has been the party do not believe the gentleman from Kentucky belongs in that class of achievement, not of obstruction or stagnation. It looks to the at all [laughter], but I fear .2e will subject himself to the danger future with joy and hope, rather than to the past with a smirk­ of being put there. ing smile of self-content. So long as there are things to be done Now, it seems to me that prudence would have suggested to the which mqke for righteousness; so long as misery, suffering, and gentleman, before charging this Administration with wandering want exist-until the law is all fulfilled and the millennial dawn from Democratic ~implicity, to have looked at the facts of history. shall come-there will be no place or time when the nation or the The truth is that all our Presidents, no matter what their politics individual can "let well enough alone." h&ve been, under the sobering influence of responsibility have Our motto should be, "Forward," while the laggards and those always borne themselves toward foreign nations with dignity. who are" weary in well-doing" fall to the rear a.s the procession They have never allowed the spirit of demagogy to overcome marches on. the courtesy and amenity which marks the gentleman. In good The commercial conquest of the world awaits this nation, when Democratic times, however, there was not always the simplicity it is impregnable at home, in its industrial and financial systems the gentleman imagines, and I wish to cite an instance that oc­ for when this is secured it can have no rival elsewhere. [Loud curred many years ago under the Pre idency of James :Madison. appla.use.] You look back to him very properly with admiration and pride, Mr. LITTLE. I now yield twenty minutes to the gentleman and claim him as a. Democratic President; and Dolly Madison is from Colorado [Mr. SHAFROTH]. one of the favorite characters of our history. [Mr. SHAFROTH addressed the committee. See Appendix.] Dolly Madison had a son, and when some embassy went abroad, I ~hlnk at the time of the treaty of peace .in 1815, this son went Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, the ·other With the embassy. I am not sure whether he had a salary, but it day, when the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. WHEELER] made would have been natural and democratic if he did. Some years his attack upon the Administration, I tried to get the floor, as afterwards Henry Clay, who was one of the amba sador , met did several other gentlemen, but the gentleman from New Hamp­ this son in the streets of Washington, when his fortunes had very shire, who had charge of the legislation then under considera­ much fallen o.ff from the position he once occupied a the Presi­ tion, very naturally and very properly objected to it, saying that dent's son, and Mr. Clay said to him: "Do you remember the day if he once let us in all the day would be consumed. when we went to a com·t ball, and you, as the son of the Presi· It seemed to me that the gentleman from Kentucky, while his dent, were admitted into the innermost court circl~s and allowed speech was most injudicious, as very judicious and shrewd in to dance with the princesses, while we, being only ambas adors, his selection of a time to make it, for he chose a day when he were kept on the outside and could only look at you n·om a dis­ knew no one could answer him except by unanimous consent, tance?'' 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1871

That shows the conduct of the son of good old James Madison. us what the German people think of us. I think it is of vast Does the gentleman think that is good evidence of democratic value to us. It is of value for trade; it is of value for peace; it is simplicity? of value for that self-respect which makes every man wish the Mr. FLEMING. Will the gentleman allow me a question? good opinion of his fellow-men. In a measure the rules of conduct Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Certainly. among gentlemen apply to the intercourse of nations. Private Mr. FLEMING. Does the gentleman mean to say that this life would be intolerable if each of us brutally proclaimed each was President James Madison's son? ground for criticism of his neighbor's conduct. Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. No; -he was the son oi the I venture to say that if the friends of the gentleman from Ken- President's wife by a previous marriage, but he was accepted tucky should say plainly to him just what they thought of him abroad as the President's son; and this son of a Democratic Presi- a.ll the time, their friendship would be very much strained dent was dancing with princesses while Heru·y Clay and Albert [laughter on the Republican side], for I have no doubt that he, Gallatin and John Quincy Adams had to stand in the background like all the rest of us, has foibles which it would not be pleasant and look on. There is democratic simplicity! I do not think we to have constantly proclaimed. And, as in the ordinary inter­ shall follow that Democratic precedent. course of gentlemen, we repress our opinions and try to be cour- If James Madison had asked that his son be accorded this rank teous and friendly, so, I think, in the intercourse of nations we of royalty, I think he would have been properly subject to criti- ought to follow the same rule. cism. But I do not believe that Clay and Adams and Ga.llatin, as Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman they looked on, felt resentment or anything more than a good- from Massachusetts will not be so unfair, I hope, as to charge natured amusement that the son of our President was treated the Democratic party with being responsible for the utterances with such ~ction, and I do not believe that in that day there of the gentleman from Kentucky. was any member of Congress so lacking in the sense of the ridicu- Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Well, these repeated disa- lous or delicacy or propriety as to get up and criticise the Admin- vowals are very agreeable to me, Mr. Chairman. istration of James Madison because of this escapade of his young Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. The gentleman should himself son; and I do not believe any Democrat or Republican except the avow whether that is his purpose or intention-to charge the great gentlema.n from Kentucky ever has or ever will criticise any Democratic p:u-ty of the country, whose precedents he has cited, other President if he allows some young member of his family to in line with the action of the whole country, as I understand it to take a look at a foreign court. · be, to do honors to the prince-whether he charged to the Demo- ! know that the Democratic party is sadly and distressfully cratic party responsibility for the utterances or the sentiments of groping for new issues, but I do not believe such a.n issue as that the gentlem&n from Kentucky. ever occurred to the imagination of more than one gentleman. Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. I have made no charge, Mr. Mr. FLEJ.IING. Does the gentleman seriously assert or assume Chairman. I am simply answering some remarks which were the position that Democrats on this side of the House, as a body made on the other side. How much those remarks were sympa­ or as a party, indorse such a- position as that of the gentleman thized with and enjoyed and are now indorsed by the gentlemen from Kentucky? on that side I do not know. I think if they do not indorse them Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. I do not know. I will ask it would be well that somebody should take the pains to say so. the gentleman what his opinion is. [Applause on the Republican side.] Mr. FLEMING. I am not authorized to speak for anybody but Mr. THAYER. Mr. Chairman, I should like to make a sug- myself, but I will say that I do not indorse that gentleman's posi- gestion, if the gentleman will give way for a moment. tion, and from conversations I have had with other members on Mr~ GILLETT of Massachusetts. Oh, certainly. this floor, I think I am entitled to say that the Democratic ;Repre- Mr. THAYER. I think the gentleman from Massachusetts, be- sentatives here do not indorse the position of the gentleman from ing upon the side of this House where everyone dances when anyone Kentuckyasawhole;theymayindorseapartofit, butnotallofit. pipes, is living under the delusion that the men upon this side of Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. I am very ~lad to hear the the House are in the same category themselves. The gentleman gentleman's statement that he does not indorse &ll that was said from Kentucky [Mr. WHEELER] spoke for himself, and, in my by the gentl man from Kentucky. It corresponds with my opin- opinion, spoke for the very minor part of those upon this side of ion of the gentleman from Georgia. I have only spoken of there- the Honse, especially in the latter portion of his speech, and it is marks of the gentleman from Kentucl--y as a Democratic speech- unfair and unjust to taunt the Democracy of this nation as being an attack upon the Republican Administration; and the parts of in sympathy with the sentiments that the gentleman from Ken­ that speech which I particularly reprobate were greeted with &p- tucky expressed the other day. plause on the Democratic side. But if the Democratic party is Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Well, one gentleman after trying to make an issue upon that question, I think it is the most another is obviously seeing which side it is better to stand on. preposteroul!l and ridiculous attempt since the great bedchamber Mr. TALBERT. Will thegentlemanallowmeforonemoment? plot, when the administration of Sir Robert Peel abandoned power Mr. GILLETT of Massachusett-s. I will allow a question. You because they could not have the appointment of the ladies of the can make a speech afterwards. Queen's bedchamber. [Laughter.] Mr. TALBERT. I just want to say while gentlemen on this N0w, there is another phase of the gentleman's speech that, side are disclaiming any responsibility for what the gentleman while I am on the ftoor, I would like to say a word about. To my from Kentucky said, I want to say that I want to take my part of mind it is most unfortunate that a member of Congress should the responsibility for what he said, and I indorse every word he use such language, should allude to a Secretary of State as a man said and I am sorry he did not go further. [Laughter on theRe­ who was a "pitiable flunky and ought to be booted out of his publican side-.] And I believe the Democratic party is more to office;" or should ridicule the German nation and claim that he blame for its cowardice than anything else. Let the party say did not care for their good will. what it thinks and stand by it and not be such mortal cowards. Whatever else our Secretaryof Statemaybe-howeverthe gen- [Laughter on the Republican side.] tleman may disapprove of his policy, which, in my opinion, has Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. I commend those remarks to been eminently wise and farsighted and successful-nobody can my colleague from Massachusetts [Mr. THAYER]. deny that he has won a distinguished place in literature, and that - Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Does the gentleman notice that in the many offices which he has filled he has always borne him- the applause is on the Republican side and not on the Democratic self as a courteous dignified, exemplary gentleman. And .that side? such language should be used about him here makes me almost re- Mr. TALBERT. They applaud what they believe to be right. gret that the rules of parliamentary law are such that a point of I believe the se-ntiments of Mr. WHEELER to be on the right line. order could not be made against the words. I believe they are democratic, and hence I indorse them. I think it unfortunate that in this world while ability is neces- Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Now, Mr. Chairman, on the sary to achieve any good results, harmful results can easily be, question of the influence of words spoken here, I happened last and perhaps oftenest are achieved, by the very lack of ability. It night to read this sentence from a distinguished scholar and is always easyto achieve notoriety,simplybyintemperate andex- publicist, Charles Francis Adams, which I should like to read treme remarks; and the more unjusti.fia.ble and disgraceful they here: are, the more notoriety they bring. When such language is used It is useless to say that as between nations irresponsible utterance through in regard to a foreign nation, it is especially unfortunate, because the press &nd from the platform are not entitled to consideration and should the people of that nation when they read such remarks about not be r&called. They nona the less are a fact and they are not forgotten. theiilBelves, as they certainly will, know nothing of the man who On the contrary they rankle. delivers them; they know nothing of the weight to which his I think the members of this House ought to remember that fact words are entitled; they simply know that he is an official mem­ and ought to endeavor not to use words which will rankle. There ber of the House of Representatives; and it reflects upon all mem­ is too much tendency, not perhaps so marked in this House as bers of this House when a member says something which can "elsewhere," to cator to public sentiment at home quite regard­ alienate and provoke friendly nations. less of the effect abroad. The good will of every nation in this I do not at all agree with the gentleman that it is of no value tu world is useful to us. We have an illustration of the value of 1872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18, good will in the case of Russia to-day. Russia, because of events :Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, in what I said the other day which happened more than a generation ago, although she differs I did not pretend to speak as a leader of the Democratic party. from this country more than any other nation. although she rep- I could never for a moment hope to have placed myself in such a resents the extreme of despotism just as we represent the extreme position without first having the approval of the gentleman from of republicanism, Russia to-day has the warm good will of this Georgia and the gentleman from Indiana. I simply voiced my country, and that good will I think she would find, if occasion own sentiments and what I believed to be the sentiments of quite came, was a valuable asset. The good will of every country is a number of the people of the United States. My judgment then an asset of every other country, and it is very unwise in us to go has since been fortified by innumerable letters, ma.ny from the out of our way to alienate and destroy it. gentleman's [Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts] own State, com· Of course, when the relations of other nations come before us mending in unstinted terms every word I uttered. for discussion, then we must fairly and openly debate them, but Far be it from me, Mr. Chairman, to ever declare, as the gen· to bring up such a question when there is no occasion for it and tleman has seen proper to do, that the amenities either of life or to fling a taunt in the face of a foreign nation is to my mind most of politics require that a citizen shall resort either to deception or unkind and unwise. untruth to make himself agreeable even to his colleagues, his The gentleman from Kentucky said that the reception of Prince neighbors, or to other nations. I prefer the truth, however un· Hem·y by the President would be a departure toward aristocracy. palatable it may be, in all our transactions. I agree with what the gentleman said in his disclaimer of love for I can not refrain, Mr. Chairman, under the patience of the titles and aristocracy. I entirely and heartily sympathize with House, from alluding briefly to the colloquy between the gentle· him in that. I think the great mass of our people agree with him, man from Massachusetts and the gentleman from Ohio and my­ and certainly no one more than our President. self relative to the reception given by President Buchanan to the The American principle is that worth makes the man, and not Prince of Wales. I find upon investigation that the gentleman birth or royal favor. To my mind there are just two classes of from Massachusetts and the gentleman from Ohio are about as people here who worship birth and title. The great majority say far from the real record as the average Republican is when you merit is what should be rewarded and what we should respect. pin him down to the facts. But there are two classes which still look to birth and ancestry. President Buchanan never received the Prince of Wales in his One class is the self-styled aristocratic circle in our great cities, official capacity, but he received him as one gentleman should who have shown a strong tendency to pay huge prices for empty another, and paid the expenses out of his own pocket, like one titles even when they had to be taken with the incumbrance of a gentleman should always do when he asks another to be his guest. useless and disreputable husband. The other class exists almost Now, what is the record on the subject? exclusively in the part of the country dominated hopelessly by In October,1860, the Prince of Wales, with a number of friends, visited the Democratic party, where they consider that no culture, no Washington and were guests at the Executive Mansion. The entertainment ment, or ability, or noble service can atone for a taint of of the Prince and his suite at the White House entailed a. great deal of ex­ refine pense, extra servants and other things. Congress was never asked to pay color in the blood. any part of it. The British party was taken to Mount Vernon on a. revenue . this country which recogmz' e b' th cutter, accompanied by President Buchanan, Miss Lane, and nearly all of These are the two Classes m rr the diplomatic corps, and the leading Army, naval, and civil-service officers. and not merit. I was glad to see that the gentleman from Ken- President Buchanan escorted his guests to Washington's tomb, and the grea.t­ tucky bravely took himself out of ths latter class. But aside grandson of George III planted a tree near the grave of the arch-rebel from these two classes this whole country, as a rule, does not like against that monarch's rule. title, does not care for birth, but honors plain, honest merit. But That Democratic President seized the first opportunity to make we can not shut our eyes to the sentiment of other countries. profert of the democratic spirit that burned in his breast, and In G-Brmany they do not agree with us. They prefer an Em- carried this monarchical representative to the tomb of the arch peror to a President. They prefer to allow their ruler to come rebel, George Washington, and had him plant a tree there. Not down by descent rather than by choice. They recognize as a dis- only that, but a member of his Cabinet invited this gentleman to tinguished citizen the brother of the Emperor, not simply because go on a yachting party on a revenue cutter, and President Buch­ he is an admiral, but because he belongs to the reigning house; . anan refused to allow the Government to pay for the trip, and and when he comes here representing, as we know he does, that paid for it out of his own revenue. feeling in Germany, no matter how little we may consider his I never contended, nor will any fair-minded man place such a title of nobility, we must recognize how Germany looks on him, construction on any remarks made by me, that a distinguished and in welcoming him we welcome him not simply as a prince, gentleman coming from any country in the world and touching but because Germany recognizes him as one of her great and dis- our shores should not be extended every courtesy. What I pro­ tinguished men. We want to be a hospitable and generous peo- test against is the spirit of truculency, the spirit of sycophancy, ple, and I am glad that the prince is coming here as the repre- that is characteristic not only of this Administration but the sentative of Germany. preceding one, and especially of the State Department in its con- Within a few years there has been a little strain in our rela- duct of our foreign affairs. My passing reference to the coming tiona, and I look upon the coming here of the Emperor's brother visit of the German Prince was simply brought into my speech as a sort of tender of good will, a wiping out of past differences, to accentuate the dangerous tendency of the present Administra· and I think it would be churlish and inhospitable if we did not tion and the Republican party toward what I believe to be un- give him a hearty and warm welcome. American methods. Now~ as to the other embassy, which we are sending over to But, Mr. Chairman, the best test of the judgment of the Amer- England, I have much sympathy with the gentleman's feeling ican people is in their own expressions. Whatever my colleagues that it is a useless show. I do not think it is very democratic or here may think, whatever my colleagues on that side of the Cham­ republican, and I do not think that under ordinary circumstances ber may believe, when we carry all public questions to their last we should send such an embassy. It seems to me, however, it equation, they must be submitted to the intelligent arbitrament is always a matter of question how much we shall conform to of the rank and file of the American people. European usages, and that just now it is exceedingly timely and Now, this is only two days' mail that I hold in my hand [here wise to send these two embassies to Spain and to England. Mr. WHEELER held up a large number of letters]. Nine-tenths of When this matter was considered by President McKinley we them are from Republican States, and a great number of them had just ended the war with Spain. They were about to crown from men who call themselves lifelong Republicans. They are their young King. Other nations of the world were sending their from the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Michigan, embassies to carry their congratulations to him. Would it not Massachusetts, Connecticut, and if I had the time (for the edift­ have seemed rather spiteful, rancorous, and churlish if we had cation of a few of my New England friends) I would like to read not done the same? If, when nations of Europe were by special some of these letters, which declare in unstinted terms that all embassies expressing their congratulations, should this great, rich the patriotism now to be found in the Republic is in the South country, in order to save a few dollars, refuse to send one? and West. [Derisive cries and laughter on the Republican side.] I think we ought to show our good will toward Spain by doing It is only the foolish man, joined to his idols, who becomes so what the other great nations do. And my zeal is not diminished blind that he can never see his own shortcomings. The derisive because a Democrat was selected as ambassador. It was an ad- laughter on the other side of the Chamber shows conclusively mirable selection. And if we send one to Spain we can not re- that those gentlemen have wandered so far away from true fuse to send one to England. The exception would be too pointed. American principles that when they are reminded of the fault As a question of economy, it seems to me when we are spending they absolutely deride one who seeks to call them back to the toward $200 ,000,000 a year in maintaining the Army and the patriotic spirit of our forefathers. Na-vy to insure ourselves against the hostile feeling of other na- I do not wish to be discourteous; I do not wish to be understood tions, it surely is not very extravagant to spend a few thousand as desiring the American people to occupy a position of ignorance dollars to express to them our good will, to conform with the or one unbecoming a high-minded body of citizens. But before customs of other gnat nations and cultivate their friendship by the American people, I unhesitatingly declare that I have not one participating in ceremonias "t.Vhich they prize highly. [Loud ap- word to retract of the utterances delivered by me on Friday in plause on the Republican side.] this Chamber; and I repeat that I seriously, earnestly, candidly 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1873 - - - believe that we are drifting toward a spirit hostile to the true in­ a member of a very good firm.-I do not know who he is-and he terests of the Republic, and that unless we look backward and re­ writes as follows: turn to those things and that belief practiced by our forefathers, TOLEDO, OHIO, February 15, 19ot. it bodes no good to the Republic. - I do not know your first name, your creed, nor your "previous condition of servi~det but I do know that it is a nnghty refreshing thing 41 these I do not believe that in order to occupy a dignified and a great degenerate aays to hear something from an American point of view, and position before the nations of the world we must sacrifice our from the bottom of my heart I congratulate you. I have a firm conviction own institutions or our own conceptions of government; and what that your constituentB and the American public will esteem you for it. It ha.s "become fashionable to sa.y that men of my blood are prejudiced against boots it to us what other nations think of us if we must have their kingcraft, because of the old-time grudge against government in England. good will at the expense of our own institutions? It is nqt against I notice\ however, that the Irish in this country (and they have come here the entertainment of any foreigner per se that I protest; it is largely m forty or fifty years) ha.ve caught up pretty fairly the spirit of our institutions. For myself, I was born under the shadow of Bunker Hill. My against the official reception given to him because of the accident own prejudices extend to royalty (?) of all bloods, and I pray for the preser­ of his birth. I am a son of a foreigner who left a European coun­ vation of the simplicity of our fathers. It is meet that that simplicity should try to escape the oppression of a monarchy' and it is born and find eloquent expression from the South. bred in me to love a republic. And I am not afraid to say that I can not, of course, go on and read all of these letters, or any I love the institutions of my country, even though I lose the re­ portion of them. Here is one from Cleveland, and also from many gard of men who do not share my feelings. [Applause.] other points, commenting on my speech: I have been taunted, Mr. Chairman, through the medium of the CLEVELAND, Omo, February 15, mz. press, with the charge that I am an ignorant agriculturist. I wear Nothing has pleased me more this winter of the proceedings which have that contemptuous epithet as a decoration of honor. Thank God I taken place in and about Congress than your speech yesterday before the am a farmer's son, and I wish everyman who undertakes to speak House of Representatives. It seemed to be the enthronement of reason and of our time-honored principles. All-Democratic heartB will throb in unison for the American people first drank his inspiration from the healthy with your patriotic, whole-souled democratic sentiments. If it did no good life of the country. I am not ashamed of that, nor am I ashamed in Congress, it will nevertheless again foster\ kindle, and inflame our old of being the son of' a foreigner. But I am ashamed of the men and time-honored desire of isolation and chenshed immunity from foreign embroglios and plutocratic machinations. I guess now our anglomaniacs who seek to apologize for the sycophancy and the truculency and will be good for a while. Give it to them once again if you get the opportu­ the disgraceful bootlicking that characterize the official class in nity. All my friends are highly pleased. the Republic to-day. I will read, Mr. Chairman, a few telegrams and letters received MARION, S. C., February 17, 190S. by·me. For obvious reasons I will not publicly state the names I do not know you persona.llyibut I tip my hat to anyone with such back­ bone and sound mind. Your abe speech in the House of Representatives in of the gentlemen who sign these documents. I have not the right regard to "a. little Dutchman" ought to be read by every honest son of toll. to do so; but if any member in this House desires to read them, and your State and district are certa.inly honored by ha. ving you as their Rep­ I will cheerfully show them to him. resentative. We of the South stand off in admiration and say, "Lay on, Macduff, and damned be he who first cries, 'Hold, enough!'" Give it to Mr. BOREING. Will my colleague allow an interruption? them, and a few more such shots will make them abhor the idea of ever see­ Mr. WHEELER. Yes, sir. ing a prince, king, or other crowned head. I have no ax to grind in writing Mr. BOREING. The gentleman refers to a. considerable vol­ you, but do it because I admire your stand. lliile of correspondence that he has received. I would like to ask him how many of those letters and telegrams are from the State ROCHESTER, N.Y., FelmLary'lh, 190!. of Kentucky. - The most manly, typical American speech made in Congress this session. The State Department is the hotbed of un-Americanism. intrigue, and Eng­ Mr. WHEELER. Not exceeding ten or fifteen. lish flunkyism, and ought to be smoked out before disgust becomes dan­ Mr. BOREING. And they are not from Republicans, are they? gerous. Mr. WHEELER. I do not recall that I have received a single· letter or telegram from a Republican in Kentucky. [Derisive CHICAGO, ILL., February 15, 1.90f. laughter on the -Republican side.] Thank God for your American speech. We join true Democrats in indors­ Mr. BOREING. May I ask the gentleman how many of them ing its sentiments. are from his own district? NEW YORK, February 16, 19ot. Mr. WHEELER. Not a single _one. As an American citizen I want to thank you, Compliment you, and to con­ gratulate you upon your speech in the House on Friday. February 14. The Mr. BOREING. I did not believe the gentleman had indorse- flunky Administration at present in power at Washington is a dlSgrace to ment down there. _ _ the American people~ and it appears to me from what I read of your speech Mr. WHEE.LER. That may be. There has not been time yet that you appreciatea that fact a.s well as anyone, and that you have the ability as well a.s the courage to voice your sentiments in regard to it-senti­ for any communication from my district to reach me by mail. I ments that I really believe are shared by a majority of the American people will say that eight-tenths of these letters and telegrams are from in spite of their seeming lethargy in the face of such a miserable state-of af­ Northern States. Here is one from Rochester, N.Y. The name fairs. Again I thank you. of the signer indicates very clearly that he is a. German. He says: W ABHINGTON, D. C., February 15, 190t. Most manly, typical American speech made in Congress this session. The State Department is a. hotbed of un-American intrigue and English flunky­ Permit me to express my approval of the general substance of your recent ism. Ought to be smoked out before disgust becomes dangerous. speech in the House of Representatives respecting our official departure from the national dignity of our Democratic character. I had the pleasure of read­ [Laughter.] ing only such portions as appeared in this morning's local papers.- I did not seethe RECORD. Whilemya~preciationandapprovalmaybeof little concern This is signed'' A Life-Long Republican.'' How does that strike to you, still, as an American citizen, born and reared in the StR.te of Michjgan, the gentleman? Here is a cablegram from London, which I re­ and in political relations a. Republican, I am your constituent in the broader ceived this morning: sense, and also as true an American a.s you, and you will not be unmindful of ~e good will of~ c~tizen of .any State. Party or ~tate lines have but little sig­ _True Americans everywhere entertain your sentiments. nificance to me m mternational matters or relations. In fact, respecting na­ tional partisan politics, etc., I am not such a bigoted partisan as to observe He is a "life-long Republican," he says. neither good nor bad propositions in either party. A MEMBER. Where is that from? The commercial and intellectual development of our country and the world Mr. WHEELER. That is from London. must also deplore our attitude toward social and economic propositions. Only this, we, as a nation, can not afford to be sycophantic nor transpose in­ I suppose he is one of the gentlemen who is going over there to dividual ~berties int<;> corporate, J!llll?-i~ipal or State contt:ol. The largest see the coronation. share poSSlble of the liberty- of the mdiVIduai should be retamed-avoid even Now, Mr. Chairman, here is a letter from the city of Philadel­ bureau~~acy and paternalis~. We surely have nothing to gain by a. flunky r~cogmtioJ?. of f~rms of foreign goyei"Dl!lents whose every pretense the diYi.ne phia, signed by half a dozen gentlemen, who say they represent a nghts of kings lB slavery and subJugation. We can treat them as will be ad­ million and a half of capital. You can inquire as to their standing visable and manifest our respect for our own institutions. I thank you for and their position, both financially and socially. calling the country's attention to the real superiority of a republic. :Mr. FORDNEY. They have gone into a trust. [Applause and laughter on the Republican side.] GR.UID Vrnw, Mo., February 15, ~- Mr. WHEELER. No; theyhavenotyetgoneintoatrust. That I want to commend you on your speech, made in the House February U, denouncing European flunkyism. In politics we differ, but on flunkyism we would be according to your code, but they have not formed one are a. unit. Let the good work go on. yet. [Applause and laughter on the Democratic side.] The let- ter reads as follows: - BALTIMORE, MD., February 15, 1902. PHILADELPHIA, February lh, 190!. You are a brave, fearless, honest American, and I re~ret the fact that I - We, the undersigned, business men and citizens, after reading lour true, am not a. resident of your State and a voter in your district. If we had such brave words, "Hay should go and retire and Pauncefote shoul take the Democr~ts in Maryland like you the dirty imperial Repubilcan party would first ship home," agree with you heartily and a.dmit·e you for your goodl neverwm. brave words. Hay should go with-Pauncefote, a.s he is only the slave or English aristocracy. ATLANTIC CITY, N.J., February 15, 190f. That is signed by a lot of gentlemen in thecityof Philadelphia. Please accept the very cordial appreciation of one citizen for your power­ Mr. FORDNEY. I suppose they are lifelong Republicans? ful and much-needed speech in the House yesterday. While I may not agree with you in every detail of your address, it was eminently needed, and even [Laughter.] the possible excess of statement was good. I sincerely hope you will return Mr WHEELER. I don't suppose there is anyone else there. the charge, and keep it up un~ you make an impr~sswn on the people. I do · R~re is a letter from a lawyer in Toledo, Ohio. He seems to be not speak a.s a partisan, being an independent in politics. XXXV-118 . 1874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

BELLEFONTA.INE", Omo, February. is, 1902- to~ and aga.in_succeeded in driring_ the noble-blooded oppressers from our By your noble speec.h yesterday you have raised yourself in the estimation. land, I wish to congra. tulate ron on your remarks in the House of Representa­ of the people more th&nyou know. We should not be mindful of a king or tives yesterday, when you.rrused your voice against the toadyism_andfl.nnky­ his coronation, and I believe your constituents will uphold you. ism that seems to be- tak:i.ng possession of some- of the peopl~'s servants at Washington, from the occupant of the White House- down. Rotten, degen· era.te royalty! What have we, a.sanAmericanpeople, to do with it, whetherit ST: LOUIS, Mo., February 15, 19re. be England, Germany, or a;ny othe? of the so-called princely power~ , Allow me to congratnla.te you on your speech regarding the "little Dutch­ It is a shame-that the PTesident~ even thDugh he is there by acc;ident and man t:J.king cha..rge of a little ship." It is the first real true Ameriean senti:­ through the assassin's bullet, sholl.ld so far fm::get his dntr to the American_ ment that has been uttered in Congress for a long time. As you know, I do people as to take such notice of the corona.tion of an English king as to de-· not be.!ong to your party, but I admire- the truth and bravery where'Ver bauch the Ameriean sentiment and principles by sendi:D.g a member of his found. Follow up yoliratia.ckontheflunkies. Y01unadethem wince. Yonr familyto be tutored in the-wars of rotten royalty, and spend the people's speech has been too "talk of the town ,. and :it is almost uni'Versally ap­ money to e'ntertain:anotheraCCldent of birth. the brother OLa.nother degen­ proved. I send you a clipping of the St. Louis Chl"OJJ.icle of the 14th instant, erate so-called empero?. It: is enough to make the true Ameri-can bow his which shows you that the people of this cou.ntry: feel outraged about this head in. shame and hide from the public gaze. We are drifting l"P..pidly to­ prinee bu..'liness. We are going to Ira. ve three meetings this week..to protest ward centralizatiOILof power; brought about by this-spirit of flunkyimn and against this prince. toadyism that means ruin. to our free system_ of government and it is. high time the alarm was sounded and the bells of liberty want to be kept ringing ATHBNIA, N. J:, February 15; 1903. and the notes of warning sounding until the_people waklmto the situa..tion and place none but true Americans on guard, from the hi st to th.e lowest I wish to t1mnk you as a true American for the Americanism expressed in place of public trust in the land. I congratulate you., an .hope you will not your speech as reported in the New York Times; be frightened off by public or private taunts. r hop3 you will keep up the good fight. The .America..ns are waking up and listemng, and will move in BROCKTON~ MAss. • Ji'e1:Yruary 15, 1903.­ these ma.tte:rs a.s soon as they are W."'used. I beg _pardon for so long a letter, but-the subject is a grave and great one. Please excuse the hl>erty I take, but after reading yoUT speech of the 15th instant, in the House of Representa.ti.'Ves, I could not help wri:ting- you to let you know how thoroughly I appreciate your words. CINCINNATI, Omo, February 15, 1JJOf. Allow-me to t1iani: you_ for your speech. in the House yesterday against NEWVILLE, PA.~ Fel7ruary 15,190Z. European:_ fl.unkyism. I am a Republican, but I indorse an you and Mr: TILLMAN andMr: Ho.A.R,..ia the Senate, have said. I have lately been inNew Thank God we have still a man in Congress whu has nerve enough to tell York, W&shington, Pittsburg, and throngh. Ohio~ and everywhere-th& com­ the truth. My wish is to live in your district so as to support you when you mon-sense peoole are disgusted with the atteXDRts of the American Govern are a candidate for office. The country has need of many: more men like you. ment to initiate monarcliy; Go on, give it to em; the reaction will be ex­ This is written by a one-armed Union S>-ldier. pressed at the polls.

NORFOLK, VA.., Februarg 15, 111m: ST. LOUIS, Feln-u.ary 16, 1!JOt. Your expression in Congress yesterdaytouch:ing u~n the official reception r crave y()'U]! pa.rdon for the liberty of addressing you, which I do for the of Prince Henry and other-foreign questions will, W1thout doubt, meet with purpose of offering_my than.ks. for your opposition to our Govermnent'a llr~ the approval of all right-thinking American citizens, and they com~ the posed act- of flunkyism in connection_ with the- coming- visit of a German t.r~me.-cous majority of the people regardless ot party. I am..for Olle' de­ prince, which seems to me to be a distinc1l affront to fWery German citizen of lighted with thestanayou tookyesterday. Itwa.swella.D.dnoblydone. You: this country who: has felt.impelled by the militarism and cruel tyranny of a bave my cheers and well-wishes for your grand speech. Government of which this prince is an important and cl"Ufll part to leave his German home, and likewise it seemed to nie to be a. distinct affront to every ROCKFORD, ILL., February 15, 190S. citizen of thi&Republic who has not become wholly drunk with th& spirit of mil:itarism and imperialism, a.nd consequent aristocracy, now sought- to b& You had the courage yesterday, in your splendid philippic, to say ex.actly marla so mnch& part., of our governmental regime. 'What the vast majority of citizens of genuine American fiber, those who have beenmmed ''the common lb?Ji.~" really think of prevalenttoa.dyismin..the ,Administration;. wha.ttheyt · ~ butcannotsowellexpressa.syouhavedone. CHESTER, PA.., Ji'ebrur_r;ry M, 1901A • I read with mu.c1uaiisfactionyuur speech of yesterday, and hasten to say thatyorra-redoingyourcountrya; great s&rvice. You no doubt wer& a.ctu­ GRAND RAPIDS, MicH., February U, 19re. a.ted from honest motives, but I desire to say that your course is applauded I read an extract of your remarks in regard to sending a delegation to the by a vast-ma.jorityof om: people, and gives me so much pleasure that. I can crowning o:f King Eclwlmi. lam pleased that therearesometrueAmeri_ca.ns not but send you these lines. We congmtulate yo~ sir, to sta.nd in the midst­ still in Washington. Ifwedonotturnfaceabout, weare on the~d.oilosmga of such "flunkies" and courageously aenounce the conduct of Hay, Paunc~ republican form of government, how much many may say 1t lS really a fote, etc. A company of lll5 here to-day gave three cheers for- you, and not 2care. all Democrats, either. The writer was raised a Republican, but a.m._ con­ vinced that Bryan's teachings and your sentimentl:tmust be h.eld u:pA ROSEVILLE, OHIO~ FelYruary 15, 1!102. Under se-parate cover I am this-day sending you marked copy of my paper EL RENO, OKLA., February 15, 190S. about the "Little Dutchman" to manifest my entire approval of your SJ)OOCh Will. you kindly mail to my address a.bove a copy of the RECORD contain­ in the House. It is refreshing, indeed, to note that the fires of Democ-ra.ey ing yoUT time-worthy assault, last Friday, on E\ll"opea.n fl.unkyism? It meets still burn in some Demoer.a.tic P!Jopers a~ some Democratic br~s. I further the approval of the people of th.e Southwest and you have won the esteem 11000 the unkind manner m w hiek eertain so-ea.lled Democratic pap&rs, such of all true Americans for the vigor of theassanlt. With the hope that other as the Cincinnati Enquirer, for instance, handled the matter in behalf of our Democrats may follow in the same line, I am, etc. bewhiskered friend, 1\lr. GROSVENOR ' the very biggest flunky in.allflunky­ dom." Pour it into them. You can not make it too warm for them. The )?OOJlle are ready fO'F that-question. W ~. MASS., February 17, 190S. Ac~ my hearty-indorsement of the-sentiments expressed in your recent KANSAS CITY. Mo., FebT'IUJ,ry U, 190$. speech. m the House against flunkyism. I a.m in perfect aceor:d with you against such rot. An olQ. veteran of the rebellion. wishes me to also ex.teud r wish to express my admiration fur your recent speech in the House you his approval against royal ftunkyism. I am glad to know that. at least- one ma.n in. that bOdy is a true American. DAYTON,. Omo, February 15, 1$01. Permit me to congratulate you on the remarks you made in the House of NEW HAYEN, CO~'N., Feln-uary 11., 190!. Representatives on the tendency of' snobbery ..... I read the report of your What you said in the House to-day, ~ reported in th~ papers, withre~er­ ~ech in the public press with much satisfaction and gra.tifiea.tion, and be­ ence to England's attitude in 1 98-, and w1th reference to S1r John Hay, Umted lieve that you S~lll?k a ~sponsive chord in~ hea.rts of thousands of your States Secretary of State, deligh.ts many people in this city, and gi>es fur­ countrymen. KISSmg kings• hands at co.ronat10ns of the crown and payi,ng ther evidence of the truth tha.t for. real true, genuine American sentiment homage to royalty at public-"expense is not- American, a-nd I am gla.d you one must look in these days to the South or to th.e West. Howe>er, f~r. the publicly said so. good words well and timely spoke~ God. ble. you; ~d may ~e spllit o£ w ashingto~ of .Tilckson, and of Jefferson msprre you with sentiments dear to all true Americans, the utterance of which m.a.kes us proud of the speaker PROVIDENCE, R. I:, Febrr.tary 16, 1.903. and gives us hope for the future. I am no politician, diplomat, or statesman, but pleaa guilty to ;posses ing Republica.n proclivities; have never been a candidate for-any public elective position, although a citizen and voter in this, my native State, for more than ST. PAUL, MINN. Febru.3nJ 15, 1902. thirty years. Nevertheless, permit me simply, sincerely, and hastily to Please permit-m"S to thank you for yo:n- very t!-mely strictures upon the 1llank you for your manly courage in publicly expressing the sentiment ac­ tm-American conduct-of those at pre~nt lJ!. pow61' m our GoverDJ?lent. That credited to you in theherewithinclosednewspaper cli;PI>ing. Assuming that the abject adoration of royalty and titles IS confined almost entirely to the­ you may have had, or will have, the entire speech pn.nted later, I beg that p_oople living near the Atlantic seaboard is o:ne of the causes of congratula­ you may favor m~ with a. copy of the same that I may read the full text of tion for those w~ homes ate in the thoroughly American part of our your remarks. T indul~e the plea.sin~ and, I trust, not delusive, hope that country and who are not of the hyphenated Americans. Our ancestors there are a large major1ty of both political pl5rties in the States that hold the anne he~e to escape the evils of caste and class; yet the~ degenerate sons of same views as yourself upon this subject. · grand men are endeavoring to ingratiate themselves -w1th the useless figure­ heads of effet~ monarchie . It is good to know that there-are yet some who are a.ble to speak, and who are ~g to endure tl!-e OdiUJ:I?. of unpqp~!"ity DETR ~otect from the same invading foe what th~ had so dearly bought over the undemable fact that there Ul still one Amerrcan in a po 1tion that ! through the Revolutionary war-from Bunker Hill to Valley Forge and York- enables him to voice a. sentiment dee~a.ted in the hearts of the common • 19,02. people of this country to some purpose. Nothing has transpired to enhance Mr. LITTLE. I yield- the gentleman five minutes ~ore.. my oomfo:rt dm-ing- the pa.st~ yem" : as y~urr speech, lia~ My oni.y-ex:cuse lor.. thus-t.respa.ssingupon y.:our valuab1e- timec :i& ant uncontrollable· enthusiasn Mr: Wi1!EE1£ER:: Here.is- ano.ther.one from:Hadensville; Mass. for. any man..wlio. .a t. this_time_un.derlake to p1~serve ruT that is· distinctivelY' Mt:.GIDLETT or Massachusetts; f.tliinkthat+-is - ftom ~the· -dis· American and the loyal'old-fashioned'sentiment seemingly-fast depM'ting. trict of~'the gentleman. on ~the .othemia6-~fr. THAYEB J Mr..TH.A:YER. Itis·not. There is no such place iirmy·dis­ CINCINNATI, OHIO, FebrtroT?t 1.5', 1903. trict; lLaughteranctawause.}' There tirno- such pJare on the I wish that" I were-present and could be abl~to-grasp-oyom-hanu • to-coiF gra.tul. ate-you on•yo11TabTe·MJd' manly speechllefilre the-House. l lwaaa.sol: i m~- S:ID\..CKTIEFORD. I r. riSe· to·· a" ~o~ of order, that the dim· during the :13te unpleasantness; and Lres}:\eet-.:the memocy of such men as 1 W.asb.in~ Lincoln,. J efferson,..a.nd Jackson.. Gold."bless.. you!. Go.ntinue on gentlemen on th-e:.othei:. ·side. are trying to taRe· the five minutes: tfus'same basis; and'ymrwill have·the supporl'of all trne Americans. time away from-tlia gentleman. Mr. WHEELER. No; I ·am perfectly well' satisfied: Th:islet­ NE'W HA~N, CoNN., February 15, 1~. teris not':from tfie district at eitli'eraf"' the gentlemen from· Mas· For the true-pntriotie-stand and :the·words you spo-ke :in COngress yesterday; saehusett&who have sppken-, M:i: 8-'peaker-; and I'am satisfied the when you pointed out the duty of this country's administration, who &T& ~ Honse-will1bec: I?ersuaded it-is:·not-wliarrthey-have hear.d..i1Jread! gfllle Anglopoolna, I desire to tliank.you.. My friends-here-are manr who j,oin with me.insendingyouour hea.r.tfel1rtila.nkafonyour n.ob1e•Am.erlcan.senti­ !"have siin~ly· read" these lette-rs=to show-that thiS sentiment is ments. confined~ tb· no- yaa-ticular Jlart-of the country, and that-- yorr gen­ tlemen wfurdrinkinspil:ation aroundlhe hotel corridOrS"''i Wash­ BLOOliiNGTO. ; ILI:i:, Febrttary - 15~ 1903~· ington- and ble ymr.ft>:rryom speooh yesterday; against the--univ-ersal rtoa.sting-of .American: sentiment. P;ri:noo He.nry.and!England: The Utrited States-was nev-er irrtroublirtha;t-all Europe did not.. h.&ve to -be-wa.tched.Jik-e a.haw]G . we never ha;d a.:orea.Lfriend Now; !'understand- tliat-theTe" are-- certain.. gentlemmr on. that among them. Four other Republicans and: myself weTe discussing your side of the Chamber who desire to circulate-the speech made by speech, and theywem-un&nim0115-tbat you were-·right, 81ld the-y-alJijo:in-me me-on·la"St Friday in-their districts; and"l'desire=to make a.propo­ in sending..·ya:rticiP.&ti~ in~E!'wspaper rei?eat my speech made on. the. flOor. of this., Honse~ from.. every '!"or~- ~or:t'Y'~mty.4l.ve · years • leaws.~ wttha.keen mter~ m politics. ';t'he .stmng, amLLno.w-cha.llenga-him.J:or;:a.division.Lof time-. !!!-Weri&J.istic tendency develoilE!d m the•last. three-year&-18 tomtHLp'J)&lling. 1\6"'- s'D" A rnrTTT'nc M I k . ? Th:iSimpela.me to express.my grntitude to ·you. for Y?:nr..breadside.at liay, t:lle . .I.IU:. • • llln:.Il..n.DW. truckling to ~~lty,_ and the most-unnatural ~d disgraceful·attitude of the Mr. WHEELER. Yes-. present .A!d:ministJ:ation toward the-South Afnoan Republic. Mr. SHATTUC. Do not yon think it is :QOSsible that the rea· s0n. your neople liave not communicateci with. you about this SHERWoou, OHro; February 1.5, 1902. !speeeh before is -thai; they are-stilllause on the-Demo. Mr. WHEELER. You can see the. names; I will, show you· cratic--side:] every one. Mr. KLUTTz-:· That· is what' rwanted to give the gentleman Mr. SH.A:TTUC. I would'like to ask the gentlemana.question. an om>o.rtnnity to say: that is-all. Irave you got one yet from ECLward· Atkinson? [Applause and Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, it is-only the diseased~, mind laughter upon the Republican side.l of partisan bigotry ana spite- that could so torture the- remarks I Mr. WHEELER. No, sir; not yet. And yet, Mr. Chairman, made; and if·my Rermblicarrfriends· think they can get any-capi· when those men who laughed so derisiYelyupon the other side of tal out-of that tliey are welcome to it: r stand by what I said, the House are dead and.. gDne to that oblivion. to. which they are and. I do not think there is an intelligent Germarr-American citi· so rapidly drifting, Edward Atkinson will be known.. to posterity zen to~y that will not· eeho the sentiments r have voiced. and every. ttne American. and will be honored and respected by [ApJJlause on the Democratic-side.] them. [Applause on the Democratic side.] ' Mr. SHERM:AN-: Mi·. Chairman, I yield five-minutes- to the The CHAIRM.A:N. The gentleman:s time has eX{!ired. gentleman from Kentuok)'l: Mr~ WHEELER. I ask: far a. few minutes more.. Mr. LITTLE. I had agreed to recognize a friend on. this side Mr. GILL.E.TTof Massachusetts. I ask unanimous consent that .of the. House.. to cons.nme. half an. hour. the gentlema.n..be allowed to continua. ' Mr. SHERMAN. The gentleman from Kentucky desires to ::1\fi·. WHEELER. I desire j:ust a few minutes mom. . follDw. his colleague~ Mr. SHERMAN. The time is under tlie. control_of. the_other , 1\Ir. LITTLE. Very well. siile~ Mr. BOREING. Mr. Chairman, I was not presentin.tlil3 Hm1sa . .

1876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

at the time my colleague [Mr. WHEELER] made the speech re­ me to discuss for a few momenta the policy recently inaugurated ferred to in the discussion to-day. I have not read the speech, by this Government toward the people of the Philippine Islands. but if the newspaper reports of that speech are correct, the Demo­ It would of course be presumptions in me to a-ssume that I cratic party having disavowed responsibility for it, on the part of could add anything particularly new or original to the vol­ the people of Kentucky I want to disavow for the State of Ken­ umes of argument that from time to time for the last two years tucky. I am glad to hear my colleague here personally assume have been made upon this subject upon the floor of this House the sole responsibility for his speech, for in so far as it reflects upon and in the Senate Chamber; but as time progresses and the situa­ the Administration or upon our distinguished Secretary of State tion becomes more fully developed the truth or falsity of those I am quite sure it will not be indorsed by the people of Kentucky, arguments becomes manifest, and it becomes more apparent that neither the Republicans nor the Democrats. in the course we have adopted we are departing from American I do not believe my colleague in his speech reflected the senti­ spirit and endangering American interest. In this, sir, I find some ment of 5 per cent of his constituency at home. I am glad to hear excuse for trespassing for a time upon the patience of this com­ him state that the letters and telegrams that he has received have mittee. not come from the people of Kentucky. He said it is too far away Mr. Chairman, we are paying a colossal price for something from his district to hear from them yet. Yes; he is too far away over in the Philippine Islands. We must be fighting for some­ to make a speech like that to this House. [Laughter and applause thing of incalculable worth. Judging from the stupendous price on the Republican side.] He is like that prodigal son that went in money and blood we are paying, nothing short of the very ex­ into a far country. A Representative can go a long way from his istence of our nation and the safety of our own liberties can be district sometimes in opinion and sentiment, and geographically at stake upon the issue. What do we expect to get out of it? not be very far off either. Are we on the defensive or aggressive? If we are on the defen­ Now, so far as the reflection upon the Germans is concerned, sive, why are we attacked by so relentless a foe, and what is it I am glad to hear him disavow any intention to reflect upon them, we have that he seek.B'to take from us? What have we done that because a 1arge per cent of the citizenship of Kentucky are Ger­ he should punish us? If we are on the aggressive, what is it he mans. They are in general an intelligent, honorable, and upright has got that we would take from him? What great indignity class of people everywhere. They are industrious and hard­ has he offered us? What vital injury have we suffered at his working people, who attend strictly to their own business affairs. hands that millions must be appropriated from the revenues I desire to disavow any indorsement of any of those statements of State from year to year to·carry on the struggle, and hundreds so far as the Eleventh district is concerned and so far as the citi­ of thousands of the young manhood of the country must be called zens of Kentucky generally are concerned. Personally I enter­ into service to pour out their blood in this interminable conflict? tain a high regard for my colleague, but I think our people These questions can not be answered with such indefinite re­ will regard it as unfortunate that any representative of the State sponses as we hear when we are told that we are " upholding the should stand upon the floor of this House and insult the intelli­ honor of the flag," or that we are fighting to become a" world gence of the country in any such manner. [Loud applause on the power." Republican side.] The time is coming, sir, when the American people are not go­ MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. ing to be content with high-sounding metaphor and sentimental phrase in answer to these vital questions. When the tocsin of The committee informally rose; and Mr. PAYNE having taken war was first sounded and it was heralded over the length and the chair as Speaker pro tempore, a message from the Senate, by breadth of the land that an issue had been drawn between the Mr. P.ARKINSON, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had armies of this country and an alien race in a foreign land, the passed the following resolution; in which the concurrence of the American people, true to their natural impulses, never stopped to House of Representatives was requested: parley or to reason. Shoulder to shoulder they stood by the Senate concun·ent resolution 25. Administration and for the honor of the American soldier, who Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the has never yet been conquered by a foe. But the conflict of the Secret~ry of War be, and he is hereby, direct® to cause an examination to be made of the coast of Washington in the vicinity of the mouth of the Hoh hour has lengthened into the duration of years. The insurrec­ River, with a view to the establishment of a harbor, and to submit an esti­ tion that at first could not be dignified by the name of war has · mate therefor. begun to cost us hundreds of millions a year, and the best blood The message also announced that the Senate had passed bills of of our armies. The hostile outbreak of an insignificant faction, the following titles, in which the concurrence of the House of that we were promised should be suppressed in ninety days, is Representatives was requested: now admitted to have settled down to a system of warfare that S. 176. An act to provide for the extension of the charters of requires the presence of 30,000 men, scattered over 500 stations in national banks; the islands. S. 1025. An act to promote the efficiency of the Revenue-Cutter It was said that the leader of the "rebellion," as it was termed, Service; by some means had caught the spirit of liberty in his savage S. 65. An act providing for the retirement of petty officers and heart and was furnishing inspiration to the others, and that enlisted men of the Navy; when his capture was effected resistance to American arms would S. 1099. An act authorizing the Secretary of theNavyto return collapse in the twinkling of an eye. But notwithstanding that to Harvard University certain colors, silver cup, and Nordenfeldt we are told he experienced at once a sudden change of heart, and issued a proclamation urging the cessation of hostilities, and in­ ~; 1563. An act for the relief of William H. Crawford; and viting his countrymen to find peace under the " glorious banner S. 2921. An act to place Henry Biederbick, Julius R. Frederick, of the United States," there is as little hope of peace to-day as Francis Long, and Maurice Connell on the retired list of en­ there was many months ago when his capture was effected. listed men of the Army. There have been enlisted in the service in the Philippine Islands The message also announced that the Senate had passed without scarcely less than 125,000 men. More than 1,000 have been killed amendment joint resolutions of the following titles: or died from injuries received in battle. Nearly 3,000 have died H. J. Res. 88. Joint resolution authorizing the Commissioner from diseases of various kinds. About 4,000 have been discharged of Internal Revenue to return bank checks, drafts, certificates of for disabilities. Not less than 500 have become insane, and the deposit, and orders for the payment of money, having imprinted Surgeon-General startles us with the intelligence that homesick­ stamps thereon, to the owners thereof, and for other purposes; and ness was one of the principal causes. H. J. Res. 131. Joint resolution authorizing the transfer to the The cost of the war can not be accurately stated in dollars and Library of Congress of the Library of State reports, etc. cents. Government officers dare not hazard an estimate upon it. The message also announced that the Senate had insisted upon Before the war our Army cost us about $30,000,000 a year. Dur­ its amendment to the bill (H. R. 3104) to grant the right of way ing the three years we have occupied the Philippines it has cost through the Oklahoma Territory and the Indian Territory to the us over 536,000 000, and the Secretary of War's estimate for the Enid and Anadarko Railway Company, and for other purposes, year ending June 30, 1902, asks for over 140 000,000 more and disagreed to by the House of Representatives; had agreed to the his e timate ending for the fiscal year 1903 calls for 15 ,403 000 conference asked by the House on the disagreeing votes of the more. This is the price, sir, we are paying for the luxury of es­ two Houses thereon, and had appGinted Mr. QUARLES, Mr. HAR­ tablishing our authority over the Philippine Islands. What can RIS, and Mr. RAWLINS as the conferees on the part of the Senate. we hope to accomplish by it? Control the trade of the Philippines? It has been more than once demonstrated upon the floor of this INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. House that we will not get back what we have already spent for The committee resumed its session. generations in the centuries yet to come; that the co t of gov­ Mr. LITTLE. I yield fifteen minutes to my colleague from erning those distant islands, and keeping them in subjugation to Arkansas [Mr. REm]. American authority, will always exceed by millions the revenues Mr. REID. Mr. Chairman,ina-ccordancewith thecustomprac­ derived from their trade. An examination into the experience of ticed by the members of this House, I shall not confine myself to other nations will show conclusively that spheres of influence and the pending bill, but shall take advantage of the time allotted to colonial possessions are in no wise essential to the upbuilding of - 1902. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. 1877

trade and the expansion of commerce. It was stated a few days and commissioners; if it is meant that we must monopolize the ago upon the floor of the Senate that an army of 30,000 men kept for commerce-of the world at the point of the sword and the mouth twelve months in the Philippine Islands would consume the profit of the cannon; that we must "bestride this narrow world like· a of our tra-de with them for one hundred and fifty years. Colossus while petty nations peep about beneath our huge legs to Sir, we have utterly no use for colonies. A modern writer on find themselves dishonorable graves," then, sir, I raise my pro­ colonial history has shown that more wars have been waged in vincial voice against my country's ever becoming such a world controversy over colonies and possessions foreign to the parent power as that. · state than over all other causes combined. He writes: "Hostili­ But if it is meant that we should lead the van of civilization in ties once commenced will spread. A contest thus commenced the industrial arts and sciences; that by the energy and enterprise often serves as an excuse for an attack on a parent state. A colony of American merchant and manufacturer our products shall find is, as soll}.e have very truly said, a tinder box, whichonlyrequires a market in every zone; if it is meant that our Government is a stray spark to ignite the conflagrationof.war. The inhabitants secure from internal strife and commotion, because re~ting upon of the mother country must, therefore, always be ready at com­ the foundation of contented homes of 80,000,000 people; if it is mand to render services in behalf of her wards, or, as frequently meant that we have builded here a republic in which equality happens, to protect their own land against the foreign aggressor before the law is the first principle; that we must set the example to whom some territorial dispute offers the desired pretext.'' Ire­ and lead the-way into that perfect system of self-government peat, sir, we have no use for colonial possessions. Othernations, wherein all the nations of earth may follow, and, ridding them­

huddled upon the narrow islands of the sea, may 1 in the very ne­ selves of kingcraft and tyranny, enter into the blessings of a true cessity of the case, be driven to seek broa-der lands into which to republic, then I call the battle on and God speed the day. shake from their overcrowded shores a discontented and complain­ I do not conceive that a nation's greatness consists in the strength ing population. But, sir, this nation, with an expanse of terri­ of her standing armies and in the great fleets she sends to the t-ory embracing millions of square miles upon which the human seas, in the millions hoarded in her treasury vaults, and in great foot has scarcely trod, teeming with resources that can not be officials, surrounded by pomp and pageantry, sent to foreign developed in a score of 'generations, can find no just excuse for shores to hold the reins and guide the destinies of inferior people. such a course. I am among those who still believe that our forefathers, who had No careful student of the political history of the country can lately suffered the evils of intolerable government, had the tru-e deny that our Government is being launched upon a course and idea of national greatness. True then, truer now. They re­ committed in a large measure to a policy that was never dreamed garded that nation greatest that guaranteed the greatest mea-sure of by those who drafted the Constitution and the Declaration of of individual liberty consistent with the good of the state. They Independence. But we are told that we have outgrown them; believed in preserving the equality of the citizen, and boasted that our nation has become too great and too powerful to be that every man was a sovereign. They believed that the security hedged about and embarrassed by such narrow restrictions. The of the state rested in the happiness and contentment that broke great documents that were adopted by the people of this country in sunshine about the home of the citizen. That a people who with shouts of glad acclaim and to the peals of liberty's bell scarce loved their country and shared equally in the burdens and bless­ more than a hundred years ago, hailed as enduring and eternal, ings of state could be relied upon in an hour of national peril to are now, even in this short span of our country's history, said to rally to her defense and destroy her foes. They had read the have served their purpose, and must give way to new and chang­ history of the nations, and they believed that standing armies ing conditions. The simple but sublime old truths, so proudly were a menace to the liberties of a republic. proclaimed by the fathers of this country but a short time ago, These simple principles were the foundations upon which the and which no man dares to deny, and to which all political parties Republic was builded, and when they were made good by the war pointed as the basic principles of their creeds and the all-sufficient of independence they shook every throne on earth. They aroused fountain of their faith, are now subjected to the closest scrutiny a revolution in France, and they made a Republic of Brazil. Never and harshest criticism, and he who can find an exception or evade in the history of the world did a nation spring with such sudden express provisions by ingenious and tortured construction is pro- granderlr from lowliness to might, from weakness unto strength. / claimed a great statesman and the man of the hour. In less than a century this lusty young Republic marched, the peer The Declaration announced as the first self-evident truth that of any, among the galaxy of nations; and whenever and wherever all men were created equal. Can anyone truthfully ~eny that the hour of her trial came she measured up to the fullest standar_d we are dealing with millions of men to-day, not as equals, but as of national greatness. And, sir, to those who can find no measure subjects? That to secure the inalienable rights of life, liberty, of a nation's greatness but the rule of barter and trade, although and happiness governments were instituted among men, deriving the spirit of commercial greed had not overshadowed every other their just powers from the consent of the governed. Can any branch of honest industry and claimed for itself the first favors man deny that we are governing 10,000,000 people without deriv­ of government, as it seems to have done in those days, it did sus­ ing from their consent the just power to do so? Commissions tain a healthy relation to the general development of the country, for their government are created by legislation in this Hall. Are and the product of American industry and American genius and they represented here? "A right inestimable to them and formid­ skill were fast finding their way into every port of trade and mart able to tyrants only." Are we not" creating a multitude of new of commerce on earth. . offices and sending thither a swarm of officers to harass the And let me say here that a nation's permanent commercial ~me­ people and eat out their substance? " All of these things and cess is due to the industry and genius of her people and the re­ many more have been urged upon the floor of this House and in sources wrapped in her soil more than in all protective statutes public discussion, but it has all fallen upon ears "deaf to the voice that can be enacted and armies and navies that can be mustered. of justice." It is a law of nature against which artificial conditions can not Mr. Chairman, it does seem that if we can not learn from the prevail. It is just as certain, sir, that in due season and without plain history and hallowed traditio:qs of our own countrythatwe protective tariffs and subsidies for ships, and navies and armies, ought at least to hesitate when the universal verdict of all his­ and ''spheres of influence,'' this nation, backed by the enterprise tory is against us. There is not a nation, from the most ancient and spirit of her people and the fields and forests and mines that to modern times, that has ever reaped any lasting benefit to rest on her bosom, should gain the commercial supremacy of this itself or conferred any true blessing upon any other by the arbi­ world as it is that the earth should bud and blossom and bear trary exercise over it, against its consent, of the powers of gov­ fruit in the warmth of the summer's sun. I have confidence in ernment. A nation may ~ubject another, and by the appropriation the American. I believe that he is the greatest and grandest of its resources and a great display of its military strength be among the tribes of men. He needs nor asks no unfair advantage called a world's power and flourish for a season; but, sir, the in the battle of life. He wants no vas al nations to plunder. very principle and spirit that elevates her to that "bad emi­ Guard his individual rights, preserve inviolate the Constitution

nence'' becomes at last a source of all her troubles and the ulti­ of his country 1 stand by the creed of his fathers and he will lead ·mate cause of her own disintegration and decay. Gentlemen are the van of civilization and sway the scepter of commercial su- anxious for our nation to become what they are pleased to call a premacy. · world's power. A few years ago, when the Democratic party began to cry out And let me ask, what is meant by this high-sounding phrase? against the imperialistic tendencies so suddenly developed in What is a world power among nations? If it is meant that we the administration of this Government's affairs, the idea was should assume the dictatorship of the world; that we should mar­ laughed to scorn or met with indignant denial. And gentlemen shal great armies and majestic fleets, and send them on missions are unwilling to admit that they have veered the course of this of conquest to foreign zones; if it is meant that we should levy Government to an alarming extent in the direction of imperial­ tribute upon the weak in order to fill the coffers of the strong, ism. But on all sides the advocates of the policy are beginning tnat we must tax the humble to the extent of endurance, in order to defend their position by arguments in substance to the effect to maintain the great in the height of affiuence; if it is meant that the rugged constitutional structure of a republic is behind that farmer, mechanic, and tradesman must be burdened in order the times and must be remodeled to come un to the demands of to build up and maintain a horde of govenors and proconsuls, the hour. It is vaguely hinted that the conim.on people are not 1878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18, capable of self-government after all. Magazines and periodicals what magnificent things might bs accomplished by the prope1· ex­ are filled with articles desCiibing the beauties of foreign posses­ penditures of the same means at home, I am profoundly aston­ ·sions-the wonderful accomplishments of empires in colonizing ished that any should insist upon it. The arid lands of the West the world and reaping rich harvests from the government of could be redeemed, the canal could be dug, rivers and harbors inferior people. Large appropriations of the people's money are could be opened, public buildings erected, and thousands now asked for the subjugation of distant races and to send represent­ idle and helpless could be given profitable employment, and this atives of the American people to make obeisance at the crown­ all without any question of national honor or the sacrifice of a ing of kings. Things are advocated and done to-day that ten single life. I think, sir, of what could be done in my own coun­ -yea.rs ago would have meant the destruction of any political try, with her vast primeval forests, her broad, deep rivers, and party that stood for them, and now he who lifts his voice her fields of snow-white cotton, her beds of coal and mineral, her against them is charged with lack of patriotism and proper con­ fertile valleys and towering mountains. With these rivers open ception of the dignity and greatness of his country. It is but a to navigation and these resources brought in touch with some of verification of the truth that- the millions going to maintain the mercenary strife, a throne of Vice is a monst-er of so frightful mien, commercial empire would spring up on the banks of the Missis­ As to be hated needs but to be seen~ sippi and the Arkansas that would bring beneath its peaceful sway Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face, more weal and wealth than can be gathered from the sunburnt We first endure, then pity, then embrace. Orient in a thousand years. And better, sir, it would bring a Mr. Chairman, of all men I despise the demagogue most. I community of interest and a better understanding between N ort'!l believe that our country more than once has been led wrong by and South and East and West. The dark shadows of sectional­ want of courage upon the part of those whom the people trusted ism would fade away in the bright light of peace and prosperity. and looked to lead them right. I do not believe in the abuse of Unjust aspersion and cruel criticism would give way to genuine the rich to inflame the poor, or in decrying the great to court the assistance and kindly sympathy. Embarrassing and vexatious applause of the low. But it has come to the point that no man questions, which have harassed and annoyed this nation for half can lift his voice against the high-handed policy recently inaugu­ a century, would find their happy solution in the common inter­ rated without being exposed to the charge of being a demagogue. est of all. Let us give up this wild dream of conquest; let these I do not believe in a niggardly administration of the affairs of my people who have been under the hard hand of the oppresS'Or for country. I believe in maintaining the highest dignity among over three hunfu·ed years feel for once the thrill of freedom in nations. But I do not forget that ours is a peculiar province. their hearts; let them catch the vision of their own flag fl.oating We entered the arena of nations not for conquest and plunder, to the breeze. They welcomed the coming of our ships to their but to make good the equality of all before the law and to see shores as the dawning of national independence. Shall we make that a representative government does not perish from the earth. it an eternal night of warfare and bondage? Let us do what we But gentlemen say there is no cause for alarm. Sir, I do not could have done the first day we went into their harbor-plant contend that national destruction is an immediate and impend­ the standard of this Republic upon some vantage ground from ing calamity. I know the exhaustless resom·ces of this great which we can control our share of the vast commerce of which country. I know that the people are long suffe1ing and slow to we hear so much, and let us also be the guardians of the h"berties provoke to wrath. Most of them who have the necessities and a we have conferred upon these people, and by the gentle a1·ts of few of the comforts of life rely upon the patriotism and wisdom peace and contact with civilization lead them into a higher orde1· of their rulers, and give little heed to the fuili of public affairs. of life and national independence. Let Cuba and Porto Rico join It may take years, perhaps a generation, for the present course of the sisterhood of States at the earliest moment consistent with the events to culminat~ in revolution, but " after us the deluge." wishes of their people and the interest of good government, and To him who has read historythe signsareunmistakable. There we shall have practiced in spirit what we preach in letter and are certain well-defined principles from which the course of a kept, to our honor, the hallowed faith of om fathers. [Loud nation may be determined with as much certainty as the mariner applause.] can determine the course of his bark by the observation of the Mr. SHER~r!AN. I yield thirtyminutes to the gentleman from stars. The mathematician, given the variations of certain lines, Utah [Mr. SUTHERLANDJ. can tell with e.xactne s the point of intersection. So the states­ 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Mr. Chairman, I do not desire to take man, if the outcome of present policies does not belie the unbroken advantage of the latitude allowed iu this general debate to discuss record of the past, can see with clearness that the '' meteor of questions which are entirely foreign to the bill under considera~ conquest has already allured us too fa . " tion but I desire to make some observations upon a subject which Show me a nation in which the people forget the lessons of is intimately connected with the matter which we are presumed their ancestors and squander the heritage so dearly bought and to be considering. The President in his recent message makes so proudly posse sed by them; show me a nation in which the use of this language: -military spirit predominates and overshadows the majesty of civil In my judgment the time has arrived when we should definitely make up institutions, a nation in which gigantic combinations of wealth our minds to r ecognize the Indian as. an individual and not as a member of a tribe. The general allotment act is a mighty pulverizing engine to break up boldly demand and receive special privileges at the hands of the the tribal mass. It acts directly upon the family and the individual. Und'er state, a nation that withholds her sympathy from those strug­ its provisions some 60, grantee. "blanket" Indians, who roamed to and fro in this vast territory. This reservation is subject to the absolute power of Congress. Now, the rule is well settled that where one country acquires We may dispose of it as we have already disposed of other lands territory from another, either by conquest or by purchase, it occupied by the Indians in Utah, with or without their consent, takes exactly the title which the latter country has. So that as we please. This bill goes beyond exact justice. It gives tb,e when the United States a~quired this Mexican territory by the Indians every dollar which may be realized from a sale of the 1902. CQNGRESSIONAL .RECORD-· HOUSE. 1881 lands. In the interest of the development of the Indians them­ eration of the masses, or whether the Government shall ccnsti­ selves, it should be enacted into law. tute itself an agency or engine to care for, pr~ect, foster, and Now, 1\Ir. Chairman, it seems to me that the Indian tribal sys­ upbuild the private business of particular classes. Upon this tem, fostered and perpetuated by the Indian reservation system, issue the Democracy is proud of its position and confidently ap­ is contrary to the genius of our civilization, which is builded upon peals to the ultimate judgment of the American people. It real­ the idea of individual action and responsibility. A thousand In­ izes that temporarily the power and influence of protected capital, dians upon the Uintah reservation, controlling over 2,000,000 acres combining in a common purpose to pervert the taxing power and of land, stand in the way of homes and farms for 50,QOO citizens secure Government aid, may obscure the judgment and thwart of the Republic. the real purposes of the people, but time, experience, and obser­ These Indians contribute no revenue to the Government which vation will expose and lay bare the insincerity, the perversion, feeds and clothes and schools them. They pay no taxes to the and the wrongs of such legislation, and the people, realizing their State which prptects them. The ordinary citizen toils every day situation, will rise in their might and power to make manifest in order that he may eat every day. - These luxurious wards of their belief in the truth, the righteousness, and the justice of tho ours" toil not, neither do they spin;" but they are the steadiest legislation 'and political theories which have for their aims and boarders that we have. In a nation of workers the reservation purposes the welfare and prosperity of the masses of the people. Indian is an aristocrat. He is the landed proprietor of a princely The Democracy believes that the legitimate purpose of govern­ domain which he has perpetually dedicated to the solitude of the ment is to maintain order and administer public affairs so as to wilderness. afford to all of its citizens untrammeled and unhampered oppor­ In my judgment, it is time we inaugurat~d a new policy. Open tunities in the race of life for wealth and happiness. And it the reservations. In doing so, deal justly with the Indians­ spurns with indignation that political dogma which teaches that generously, if you please-but open the reservations to settle­ the Government has the right and authority to levy tribute upon ment, in order that labor may take the place of idleness, that the labor, the toil, and the production of the masses of the peo­ civilization may replace barbarianism, that the hunting ground ple and appropriate it by legislation to increase the wealth and may give way to the farm, and that the desert silence may be strengthen the position and power of any particular class or broken by the voice of industry. [Applause]. classes of its citizenship. :Mr. LITTLE. I yield fifteen minutes to the gentleman from It believes and teaches that the individual citizen is the unit in Tennessee [:Mr. PADGETT]. society, and that the Government, preserving order and main­ Mr. PADGETT. Mr. Chairman, there are no two questions of taining organized society, should leave to every citizen the full more vital importance to the people in their individual capacities mea-sure of opportunity which his intellect, ingenuity, and skill and the body politic than the questions of taxation and commerce. may secure for him in the honest pursuit of wealth; and that the The question of taxation has always been and ever will be one of Government exceeds its authority and perverts the functions of deep and abiding interest to the masses of the people, for it is one government when, by the exercise of legislation, it requires one that comes in close and immediate contact with them in their daily citizen to pay tribute, either of his labor or his earnings, to in­ avocations. It is a question that rightfully should arouse and crea-se the private wealth of some other citizen. And I reaffirm maintain among the people a deep solicitude, for its rightful ex­ that upon this issue the ultimate judgment of the American peo­ ercise is and should be promotive of their welfare, and its perver­ ple, based upon its intelligence and conscience, will approve the sion is easily accomplished and is fraught with much evil. Of Democratic doctrine. like importance is the question of commerce, for it involves the It is our opinion that the legislation of the Republican party rights of trade and traffic and the opportunities of the people to for the past forty years, in the exercise of the taxing power of the secure a livelihood and the gaining of wealth. · Government, has been subversive of every one of these funda- ~ There are two theories or underlying principles of taxation. mental principles of justice and individual right. The taxing One theory, and the one which the Democratic party teaches and power of the Government has, by legislation, been so manipulated advocates, is that the power of taxation-the power which the and constructed that the masses of the American people have Government possesses to take and appropriate the private prop­ been required to pay tribute to the classes, and the production of erty of the individual citizen-can be rightfully and properly ex­ the country has been tolled, like the miller tolls the turn of his ercised only for the purpose of raising public revenues adequate customer, and this toll has .baen turned into the coffers of these and sufficient in the exercise of legitimate Government duties and classes whom the Republican party has seen fit, for political pur­ functions to meet the expenses of the Government honestly and poses, to make the favored objects of its munificent·bounty. As economically administered, and when revenues sufficient for these illustrations and proof of this contention, may I cite the many purposes have been secured, the power of the Government to take colossal fortunes of amazing and incomprehensible magnitude and appropriate the private property of the individual citizen which have been accumulated in this country within the last forty ceases and determines. years. . · The Democratic party proclaims that the taxing power of the I realize and fully appreciate that this is a new country of mag­ Government is limited to the necessities of the Government and nificent domain, of rich mines, fertile fields, and verdant forests, that the exercise of the taxing power for any other or different and that the opportunities for the accumulation and U}lbuilding purpose is a . perversion of the power of taxation and, to the ex­ of private fortunes is exceptional. But these conditions are not tent of such wrongful exercise, is an oppression of the people. a sufficient answer or explanation of the thousands of fortunes The Democratic party is now and ever has been jealous in behalf amounting to twenty-five, fifty, seventy-five, one hundred, and of the masses of the individual citizenship of the country to re­ in some cases as much as two hundred millions of dollars. Does strict and limit the exercise of this power within its rightful and any man with capacity to reason and with a sober judgment to legitimate scope; has ever battled and still battles against every weigh and consider believe that these great fortunes separately theory and exercise of the taxing power which seeks to use this and collectively represent and are the results and the accumulation strong arm of the Government for ends or purposes other or dif­ of honest toil and legitimate industry? I will not stop to make ferent than Government ends and purposes. the effort to give some comprehension of the magnitude of a The other theory or underlying principle of taxation, and the million dollars. one which the Republican party teaches and practices, is essen­ I believe that I will be safe in saying tha(; to the minds of all tially different and distinct in its scope, intent, and purpose from it simply means a great sum, which we can not adequately com­ the one taught by the Democracy. Judged by its declarations prehend or measure in our minds; much ess can we form any and by its legislation, the Republican party controverts the prin­ intelligent or adequate conception or comprehension of the real ciple and theory of taxation as taught by the Democracy and magnitude when we speak in figuresof$50,000,000and 100,000,000. boldly asserts that the taxing power of the Government is not When I assert that these colossal fortunes are not the result of limited to ii.J.e necessities of a Government honestly and econom­ honest toil or legitimate industry, I do not mean to state, nor ically administered but boldly asserts that the Government has would I be understood as meaning, that necessarily the owners the right and authority to exercise the taxing power-that is, to of these fortunes have personally been guilty of dishonest meth­ take and appropriate the private property of the individual citi­ ods or practices or have resorted to personal acts of wrongdoing. zen-for purposes other and different from raising public reve­ But I do mean to say that the conditions and circumstances which nue. It proclaims that, independent of the question of public made possible the accumulation of such fortunes within such few revenues, and without reference to the question of the necessities years have not been rightful or legitimate conditions, and that of the Government for revenue, the taxing power can and should these fortunes do not represent the accumulation of legitimate be rightfully exercised for the purpose of promoting the private labor and personal industry, but they are the results of the per­ business affairs of individuals, or certain classes of individuals, versions of legislation, whereby un_der Republican administration whose business, in the exercise of its discretion, it wishes to fos­ the taxing power of the Government has been so manipulated ter, upbuild, and protect. and exercised in such a way as to require contributions-exorbi­ This is an issue between the two great political parties, and in tant contributions-from the labor, toil, and production of the its correct analysis it comes to the proposition as to whether legis­ masses of the people, and through these channels of legislation lation, and especially taxation, shall be exercised only for consid- have been emptied into the private treasuries of these specially 1882 OONGRESSJONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

benefited or p:rotecred individuals and classes of Republican legis­ were in their infancy, without capital, without money, and with­ lation. out any source of supply. There is no other sufficient or adequate explanation of these Under these conditions and foy the purposes suggested by them conditions, and they sta.nd out boldly as object lessons of the the doctrine of a tariff. with incidental protection was inaugu­ practical workings and of the perversion of the taxing power of rated; but to-day, at a distance of eighty-five years from that the Government under Republican a.dministration. This ex­ period, with a strong anti powerful nation of 75,000,000 of people, planation and solution of this state of affairs is not only the sole, with our country deYeloped, our manufacture.s no longer strug­ 81lflicient adequate,andsatisfactoryone butitd.oesnotinanyway gling infants, but powerful giants with every branch of industry disparage the individual int elligence, industry r and worth of the and manufactures become skilled and experienced, no longer American citizen or discredit the matchle :resources and oppor­ paupers financially, but strong and powerful, with a collective tunities for wealth of Ollr magnificent country. Giving duB con­ capital amounting in the aggregate to many billioDB of dollai'S, sideration to the resources of onr country and the energy, indus­ and with a money circulation in the United States, February 1, try, and intelligence of our citizenship, our minds can not rest 1902, of S2 544,446 893, we find a very different condition prevail­ easily upon the conviction that fortune of $25,000,000,$50,000,000 ing; and yet with these chang·ed and favorable conditions we find 100 000,000, and $ ... 00,000,000, represent the results of honest toil a tariff tax of 50 per cent ad valorem upon d:nti.able goods. on a and legitimate industry, and are not the results of perverted legis­ gene.ral average,. but when specially examined and applied to , lation. individualartides we find many of the rates much higher. The Democratic party to-day is and always has been the true No longer is the appeal made for protection to struggling in­ friend, admirer, and advocate of toil., intelligence, and industry· dustries in their infancy and poverty. No longer is the plea made and for th-e accumulations of these manly virtues it cherishes a that the Government shonld place its arm of support under these profound respect and friendship, and lends encomagement to weak institutions and enable them to stand. These pleas have every proper effort for their supportr maintenance, and upbuild­ long since been discarded, and these favorites come forth and boast ing. At the same time it protests, and will continue to protest, of their power and their strength and their magnitude. They against all legislation which has fur its pmpose or its logical assert not only their power and ~onitude here at home, but results the creation of conditions whereby the ma-sses of the people point to their great achievements of sales in foreign. lands, and by are required to contribute of their labor and production to main­ reason and virtue of their strength and power demand this Gov­ tain and enrich particular classes and build up these unnatu:raJ. ernment protection, this bonus, not as a source of support, but as and unhealthy aggregatioDB of capitaL an element of profit. And we find the Republican party, true to The Democratic party realizes that wealth in its last analysis is its instincts and purposes of class legislation and its alliances with J.a,bor, and that the dollar of to-day represents and stands for the the rich and powerful organizations of the country, yielding to labor of yesterday, and wholly fails to see any distinction or essen­ them their demands and contributing to the incTease of their tial difference in the exercise of a governmental power which can profits an ad valorem rate of 50 per cent on dutiable goods. take from the citizen his dollar, which represents his labor of yes­ The Democratic party asserts that this is not only wrong in terday, and contribute it to upbnild the forlnne of his neighbor principl-e, but if there ever was a time and condition of affairs in and the exercise of a power of the Govern.m.eut, by compnlsion., to this country which warranted such legislation. that time has require a citizen without reward to labor in the workshop of his passed and those conditions no longer exist, and there is to-day neighbor. no necessity for the further continuance of legislation which is We are aware that there has been a measure of success and an oppressive b1ll'den upon the masses of the American people accumulation on the part of the great mass of the people, but we and a. menace and a threatening danger to American commerce. assert with full confidence that the authoritative statistics will We confidently assert tha.t there is no necessity for the further snstain the assertion that the measure of success of the masses of continuance of this exorbilimt tariff ~ and for the proof of the the people in the accumulation of wealth has been wholly inade­ correctness of this assertion. we point to the $433 851,756 worth of quate and greatly less proportionate to the accum.nlation of the manufactured articles exported from the United States in the _classes, and that the masses of the people have prospered, not by year 1900. We aosse:rt that this export trade was profitable or it reason of the legislation which they have enjoyed, but in spite of would not have been undertaken~ and we call attention to the fact it~ Possessed of an intelligence, industry, andenergyfarabovethB that these exports not only yielded profit to the American manu­ average living in a country comparatiyely new, with fertile facturer, aft& paying cost of transportation and additional han­ fields, rich mines, virgin forests, the mas es of the people, by dling, but were sold in foreign countries, in the open markets of their incessant toil and continued labor, have produced a mass of the world, entirely separate from any good influence of ou:r tariff . wealth of which the masses have enjoyed an inadequate propor­ legislation, and in competition with the pauper labor of Europe, tion, and of which the classes, by means of Republican legisla­ Asia, and Afri.c:a, that bugbear which the Republican party so tion. have received an unmerited share. much delights to hold up to frighten and intimidate the Ame-rican But these favorable conditions can not continue indefinitely in people and especially the American laboring man, into a support behalf of the masses of the people. Increase of population and of its policy and legislation which yields tnlmte money to these exhaustion of natural resources and productiveness will increase rich and powerlnl classes. and intensify competition and reduce profits and render success • Mr. Chairman, I submit to the candid and unprejudiced judg­ and accumulation more difficult. And the burdens of the legis­ ment of this Honse and of the- country the statement that if this lation of which I complain will become more perceptible and bear export business was profitable and desirable-and both of these more harshly upon the masses of the people, and will widen the propositions are universally admitted to be true-why is it not chasm-th'&t chasm which is, from a social and political stand­ profitable fur these manufacturers to sell their products to the point, awful and fearful to-contemplate-between wealth and American people at the same price at which they sell them to the poverty, and gradually eliminate the great middle class of society, foreign&? This proposition I respectfully invite some advocate which has ever been the stay and support of the social system. of the opposition to answer candidly. Again, selling to the Amer­ This condition will breed dissatisfaction and discontent with ican people at the same price -as to the foreigner, is not the profit existing institutions and will not be p1·omotive of patriotic im- greater by the amount of saving of freight and additio:nal cost of handling? p'te~ ~ make a brief retrospect of the history of tariff legislation But let us turn this proposition around, and look at it from the and see if the criticisms which I have offered are not justified and other side, and by so doing we will make more odious and more well founded. In the first tariff. law enacted by Congress, in 1790, vicious that system of legislation which sanctioDB and tolerates the duties averaged about 8t per cent ad valorem. Up to about such taxation. the year 1812 the average rates on both free and dutiable goods It is well known that the price at which American manufactures wel'e less than 20 per cent. are sold abroad is only 60 to 70 per cent of the price at which fue same Gradual advan{:es were made in the rate of duty until 18.30, products are sold by the same concerns to the American people. If when the general average was about 45 per cent ad valorem. there be profit in the sale to the foreigner, does not the transa-etion Then the rate began gradually to decrease, until in the year 1861 dealing with the American peopl-e pa s out of the domain of per­ the general average was abo-ut 14 per cen-t ad valorem on free and centage of profit into the ·domain of common robbery? What rea­ dutiable goods. . son, excuse, or justification can longer be offered for the contin­ The condition of the country following the war of 1812, and uance of a system of legislation whiCh works such results upon the especially from a com.m.srcial standpoint, superinduced by the American people? The Democracy asserts that such a system of .action of Great B1itain, the industrie.s of the country, especially legislation isneither just, right~ nor patriotic. It proclaims that the manufacturing indn.stries, were in a depleted and dependent the American people are worthy of better consideration and fairer condition, and the argument was made and with some show of treatment at the hands of the lawmakers~ and we believe that the for6e and reason, that the Government should remedy these con­ American citizenship will awake to a full realization of the iniq­ ditions and help the struggling industries in their infancy. This uity of such legislation and will sweep it from the statute book.e was then a new and undeveloped country; there was but little and the public policy of the Government. wealth or money in the country; the manufae.tnring industries Forbeai:ance with such conditioDB and such legislation has 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1883 ceased to be a virtue, and virtue will be a dignified but unmis­ to trade with them. The Republican I?arty are seeking to extri­ takable disapproval by the American people of a further contin­ cate themselves by appropriating Democratic doctrine and brand uance of such conditions. But this is not yet a full view of the it with a new name. Reciprocity is a good thing as far as it goos. situation. This Republican legislation has not only become no If good to have with one nation, why not with two? And if de­ longer revenl:le legislation. no longer is it legitimate and proper sirable to have congenial trade relations with two nations, why legislation for the protection of American industries, but it has ill it not desirable to have congen~l trade relationg with all1.he become an a~tual prohibition and hindrance of national and inter­ world? This is the Democratic doctrine and policy. national commerce. The adoption of reciprocity arrangements will to some extent Around this country it has erected a mighty wall, prohibiting relieve the congested commercial situation, the extent of the re­ the legitimate commerce of the nation. It forbids the- foreigner lief being measured by the extent of the reciprocal arrangements in a large measure to bring his wares and merchandise to our effected. It would be wiser and we think a better solution t() so shores and trade and traffic with our people. For the purpose& revise the tariff legislation as to eliminate the unjust and opptes­ of such trade privileges he must pay such enormous and onerous sive features of the existing tariff system; bu.t as there is a fixed duties that he finds in other lands more profitable trade. The re­ purpose on the part of the Republican leaders to refuse such re­ sult is that the American people are, so to speak, hemmed in, lief, it will be well through the medium of reciprocity negotia­ denied all choice of trade, and forced to buy of the American tions, authorized and adopted by the Congress, to incorporate into manufacturer at 100 cents the goods and wares which he sells to our tariff system and legislation as. large a measure of Demoeratic the foreigner at 60 and 70 cents. Is that patriotism? And more doctrine and theory as possible. than this, by so doing you drove away from the American market In discussing this question it is·well to bear in mind the follow­ a customer for the corn and wheat and products of field and farm ing propositions, which I. believe are clearly evident and will not of the American citizen. be seriously controverted; Mr. Chairman, there is still another phase of this question to First. The Gmrernment necessities no longer require the con­ which I desire to invite the serious consideration of this House. tinuance of these high and excessi-ve tariff rates for revenue pur­ That is our commercial position, from a political standpoint, re­ poses. The Treasury of the Government is overflowing with lating to the world's commerce. Under the tariff policy of the money. The recent statement issued from the Treasury Depart­ Republicanparty-a narrow, selfish, andrestrictivepolicy, which ment shows about $550,000,000 in gold in the Treasury, and the has had no eye of consideration for the trade and traffic of for­ last report of the honorable Secretary of the Treasury shows an eign nations-we find ourselves confronted with serious trade excess of re-venue over disbursements of about $100,000,000 a year, conditions. Has there been no serious suggestion? Is there no notwithstanding the enormous expenditures and extravagances valuable lesson to be learned, and from which to derive profit, of the Administration in carrying on the war against the Filipinos from the threatening attitude and menacing declarations of other and. maintaining a costly and unnecessary civil establishment of nations regarding the narrowness and injustice of Republican officeholders in the Philippine Islands and in the home· Govern­ national commercial policy? ment. Notwithstanding these enormous expenditures and ex­ What do these conditions mean~ Do they mean that we can travagances, the question which presents itself and is demanding continue this policy without penalty? Do they mean that we urgent consideration is how to redu-ce the revenue. can continue to cherish the hope of selling our productE to other Second. It is evident to every unprejudiced mind that it is no nations and forbidding to them a fair and reasonable opportunity longer necessary to continue this excessive tariff taxation for the to traffic with our people? Does it mean that we can continue to purpose of protecting and maintaining against foreign competi­ live and move and have our commercial being within a narrow, tion. Whenever it is admitted that American industries can restricted, and selfish policy and expect the other nations of the carry their products across the seas and sell them in foreign world to extend to us a wholesome, generous welcome to their lands in successful competition with the home product, manu­ markets? It seems to me unnecessary to make answer to these factured by the so-called pauper labor of such foreign countries, questions. Their very mention suggests angwers of disapproval the admission goes with. it that the American industries can sell for such polici-es., and demands a change of conditioJlB. their products profitably to the American people at the same I fully realize, Mr. Chairman, that the leaders upon the majority price and that an artificial stimulus and support are no l.onger side of this Honse who control its legislation and dictate and shape needed for their maintenance. the policy of Republican legislation, like Ephraim are joined to As before stated, the amount. of manufactured products sold their idols, and have decla1·ed that no change should be made by abroad in the year 1900 was more than $433,850,000. The statis­ this Congress in the tariff policies and legislation. Pride of opinion ticians and writers upon commeTcial geography place the ratio of and elation over past successes may obscure their judgment and domestic and foreign commerce which goes into utilization or fortify them in their determination, but the enlightened judgment consumption at a p:r:oportion of from 12 to 1 to as high as 20 to 1. and quickened conscience of the American people will not much The best authorities and the consengus of opinion place the ratio longer tolerate these iniquities. I am aware- that this legislation at about 15 to 1, but for the purposes of this illustration let us of the Republican party has given a stimulus, a powerful stimu­ adopt the low basis- of 10 to 1, and upon this basis the amount of lus. to the development of American manufactures. manufactured products consumed by the American people in the · I believe I would be justified in saying it had yielded an unnat­ year 1900 would be of the enormous value of $4,338,500,000. m-al stimulus, ann, encouraged by the fictitious profits consequent It is further apparent that these are very conservative figures upon such legislation, an enormous amount of capital has been when we remember that the census of 1900 places the value of :iD.vested in these enterprises, and the result is that we have an manufactured products in the United States in the year 1900 at immenge production of manufactured products demanding expor­ more than $13,000,000 000, excluding from said estimate the tation and sale in other countries. We even witness the condi­ production of all establishments with a yearly output of less than tion here at home that these enterprises, springing up every­ $500. Assuming that the price at which the goods are sold to the where, with immense capital, struggling in competition with American people is only 30 cents in the dollar more than the for- . each other for self-preservation, must combine into great con­ eign price, it will I>e seen that more than ~1,300,000,000 per an­ solidated or trust organizations in order to continue their exist­ num, by this system of legislation, over and above legitimate ence, or else, profiting by the suggestion arising from the Repub­ profits is legislated from the masses of the people, and especially lican policy of shutting out competition, organize themselves into the laboring classes, into the coffers of these protected clas es. trusts for the PurPOse of throttling and destroying competition. Is it any wonder that under such legislation and such manipula­ Take which ever horn of the dilemma you will, there is no relief tion of the taxing powe-r we have seen the number of millionaires or consolation to the American consumer. increase by the thousand, and the magnitude of their estates mul-· Many of the wiser and more farseeing of the Republican lead­ tiply by the hundred? ers have realized the situation to which we are brought, especially Third. It is manifest and universally admitted that we need in relation to on:r international commerce, and they realize the and must have the markets of the world in which to sell our sur­ direful results commercially which forebode the continuance of plus products if we are to avoid a commercial crisis and disaster. this policy and are trying to extricate their party and the coun­ Can such markets be secured so long as the Republican tariff try from the congequences thereof. Pride of opinion for their policy and legislation continues? Does any reasonable man be­ party policy and an unwillingness to acknowledge the correctness lieve it? What mean the mutterings and the threats of com­ and the wisdom of the Democratic policy, when viewed from a mercial combinations and antagonisms and retaliatory legislation broa{l and wise international statesmanship and point of view, we hear coming from Germany and Russia and the other powers are trying to extricate themselves from the dilemma by resort­ of Europe? Are thesa things meaningless? Is there no signifi­ ing to what they are pleased to term " reciprocity." cance to them? Nay, verily, we believe it is the part of wisdom Reciprocity is a Democratic principle and policy. It is the that the Congress of the United States should place its commerce underlying principle of Democratic doctrine of fair, reasonable, npon the foundation of broad, humane, statesmanlike interna­ and just legislation, patriotic ·in its purpose but international in tional foundations. its scope, which affords reasonable opportunities for all the world I stated before that some of the wiser and more farseeing of to trade with us and in return to give us the right and privilege the Republican leaders had realized the straits and rocks into 1884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

which the further continuance of the Republican policy would I further invite attention to the following table of statistics of lead the commerce and business interests of this country. I call the exports from the United States to Cuba of manufactured your attention to the following declaration of the late President products during the treaty period: McKinley, taken from his fourth annual message, 1900: Exports from United Statu to Cuba. The policy of reciprocity so manifestly rests upon the principles of inter­ national equity, and has been so repeatedly approved by the people of the United States, that there ought to be no hesitation in e1ther branch of the 1891. 1892. 1893. 189-1. 1895. . Congress in giving to it full effect. Again I call your attention to his language and warning, taken Agricultural implements_. S55, 618 $84,442 $130,341 $118,354 ~,m from his Buffalo speech in 1901: Breadstuffs ______----- ______1, 004,535 2,436,850 3,5...~,837 3,203,885 1, 73,655 The _period of exclusiveness is past. The expansion of our trade and com­ Carriages and vehicles_____ 166,800 270,276 31.6,045 001.,175 147,740 merce lS the pressing problem. Commercial wars are unprofitable. A policy 114,112 148,178 120,183 67,441 of good will and friendly trade relations will prevent reprisals. Reciprocity 235,660 76,478 66,3:?1. 30,495 treaties are in harmony with the spirit of the times; measures of retaliation Irong>~~::.======and steel (bars., rods. k~:~ are not. sheets, plates, wire, and casting) ______------260,400 257,280 809,PIJT 835,:D> 256 197 I invite your attention to the language and wisdom of Presi­ Builders' hardware------· 174,620 294,400 395,964 246,142 160:tm dent Roosevelt, taken from his Minneapolis address: :Machinery, printing press- Thr~ugh treaty or by direct legislation it may, at least in certain case3, es, locomotive and sta- tion..·wy engines, sewing become advantageous to supplement our present policy by a system of re­ machines, boilers and ciprocal benefit and obligation. We must r emember, in dea.ling with other 1 nations, that benefits must be given when benefits are sought. not otherwise specified ___ 1, 915, 906 3,023,181 3, 776, 5Z7 2,319,~ 1,666,832 Nailsand spikes______40,070 48,716 127,582 129,370 40,800 Again I invite your attention to the recommendations of Presi­ Tools ---···----- ·-·-·-·-·-·· 1a7,291 130,393 24:3,5« 192,57 97,369 dent Arthur in his annual message, 1884: All other manufactured iron and steeL--····------573,851 600,203 1,255,139 885,151 455,169 A series of reciprocal treaties with the countries of America which shall L ~ther, raw and manu- foster between us and them an unhampered movement of trade. The condi­ factured-···-··--···-····· 172,813 277,386 181,476 144,467 99,618 tions of these treaties should be the free admission of such merchandise as Provisions, canned meats, this country does not produce, in return for the admission free, or under a smoked meats butter, favored scheme of duties, of our own products. * * * It is by no means desirable, however, that the policy under discussion cheese, and lard------· 2, 787,337 4,203,~55 5, 700,195 5,134,580 3,240,255 Lumber·------740,467 !m,496 1,299,271 1,097,381 509,PJJ7 should be applied to these countries alone. The healthful enlargement of our Furniture, wooden ware, trade with Europe, Asia, and Africa should be sought by reducing tariff bur­ dens on such of their wares as neither we nor the other American states are etc ------· ------329,783 «6,507 4.45,462 390,791 006,934 .fitted to produce, thus enabling ourselves to obtain in return a better market for our supplies of food, of raw material, and of the manufactures in which TotaL ____ ------·-· t· 710,661 13,355,947 18,494,846 15,144,982 \ ,GOO, 926 we excel. It se9ms to me that many of the embarrassing elements in the great national conflict between protection and free trade may thus be turned to A reciprocity treaty was negotiated with Hawaii in 1875, and good account; that the revenue may be reduced so as no longer to overtax continued in force until 1 98. I submit some statistics, begin­ the people; that protective duties may be retained without becoming bur­ ning with the year 1874 and ending with 1900, which show that densome; that our shippinginterestsmaybejudiciou.'3lyencouraged, * * * and aboT"e all such a unity of interests established among the States of the during this treaty period when our high tariff rates were removed American system as will be of great and ever-increasing advantage to our exports to the island increased nearly tenfold: them all. Results of Hawaiian treaty. The broad principle of reciprocity, which has come under dis­ cu ion in recent years, in which we make concessions in tariff Imyorts into Exp:Jrts from Fiscal year. Uruted States United States duties on goods iinported from another country in return for from Hawaiian to Hawaiian like concessions on the part of the other partY- to the treaty, was Islands. Islands. first enunciated by Thomas Jefferson. In 1791, while Mr. Jeffer­ I son was Secretary of State in Washington s Cabinet, the Congress, 1874 ---··------$1,016,952 $614,628 by a resolution. asked his advice as to means for promoting the 1875 -----·------· ·-· ------1,373,681 662,164 commerce of the United States with other countries. In his 1876 ------1,227,191 179,257 1877 ------···---· ------2,550,335 1,272,949 repcrt Mr. Jefferson said: 1871:! ----.-- --•. -- -.. --.------.------2,678,800 1, 736,099 As to c-;~mmerce, two methods occur: First, by friendly arrangements with 18';'9------..... --···----·------· 3,257,938 2,374,918 the several nations with whom these restrictions exist; or, second, by the 1!:>80 ------·-·------4,606,4« 2,086,170 separate act of our own legislature for countervailing their efforts. 'l'here 188.'). ------···- -·-· ------8,857,497 2,7!!7,922 ·can be no doubt but that, of these two, friendly arrangement is the most 1 90------·------· ·------·-·- 12,313,908 4,711,417 18~ . ---··---· ------·-·------7,808,961 3, 723,057 eligi~le. * * * * * * 1 96- --·------. ·-----.------·----·------11,757,704 3,985,707 s~me nations, not yet ripe for free commerce in all its extent, might still 1S97------·-·----- 13,687,799 4,690,075 be willing to modify 1ts r astrictions and regulations for us in proportion to 1898 . ------·-·- --···---···------· ------17,187,300 5, 007,1!)5 the advahtages which an intercourse with us might offer. Particularly they 1899.------17,831,463 9,005,470 may concur with us in reciprocating the duties to be levied on each Side, or 1900------20,707,903 13,509,148 in compensating any excess of duty by equivalent advantages of another nn.ture. Having shown that the doctrine of reciprocity is a Democratic There also existed treaties with Brazil and Germany during doctJ.ine and rests and is grounded upon the great underlying these same years. Democratic principles and theories of legislation, and that it has The trade with Brazil during these years also shows a substan­ r ceived the approval of Republican leaders, I wish to invite your tial increase, being: attention to the consideration of the proposition that whenever Barrels. ! Barrels. and wherever these principles have been practiced, and our com­ i:: ======~fs:~ i~:======::~ merce has rested upon wise legislation, granting fair and just While our shipments to Germany show a still larger percentage tariff rates, that the trade and commerce of the United States has of increase, being: greatly increased in volume and value. There existed with Cuba a reciprccity treaty from 1891 to 1894. I invite your attention to the following statistics: i~======~a~~ J tm:======~~~ Reciprocity with Cuba, 1891-1894. Mr. Chairman, I wish to call attention to the fact, and to em­ Total ex- Wheat flour. Corn. - phasize it, that while there has been an increase in the volume of ports to our export trade, such increase has been made up largely of man­ Year. ufactured products, and there has been but very little increase in ~~~~~ Barrels. Value. Bushels. Value. the volume and value of the agricultural products of the country ------1------j ------since 1881. Fifty-eight per cent of the increase of our export 18!)1_------·--· $12,2:?4, 888 114,447 $591,886 367 ~ $220,187 trade was composed of manufactured products, while the in­ 1892 ___ _- -···------17,!:153, 570 366,175 l , 26,348 627,177 369,131 crease in the exports of leading agricultural products from 1 81 1893 .... --···· ------24,1 57,698 616 406 2,821,557 1,00 474 5...~ ,050 1.8!:14. --..• ------·-----·----- 20,1t5 ~1 662,248 2,4i3,805 1,136,~57 571,it.16 to 1900 was less than 6 per cent. I submit for consideration the 1:if5. --·· .. ----. ··------.­ 12,807,661 379,856 1,001,079 3re,204 216,602 following table of statistics for the years 1881, 1891, and 1900 of li!S6. -· ------· 7,500,880 176,724 I 647,057 199, 193 93,201 some of the leading agricultural products:

Beef Salt Pota- Year. products. Bacon. Hams. pork. Lard. toes. Articles. 1881. 1891. 1900. 891 ______$11,760 $351,955 $234,458 ~,315 ~.079,534 $168,354 Sheep __ . _____ .... ______---·------__ .... $762,!m S261, 109 $733,477 1 ;9'.3 ------'il,Q39 453,624 529,328 4.3 911 2,974 545 228 079 Hogs . __ _-···- --···------···- _---·------5i2, 138 1,146,630 394,813 1893------b'9 460 556,747 761,002 59,276 4,0'.23 917 554,153 Cattle ___ ..... --···- ______--···- ______14, 304., 103 30,445,249 30,!t-J5,153 1 94: ------·-··· 'ia.5;~ 532,m5 66H,959 52 333 3,625,5-!5 4.%,0.5 Bacon and hams .. ·---·-·--···------61,161,205 45,650,674 59' 39'2, 282 UW5 --···--··----- 4ll,069 390,454 42{),215 ~ . 51iG 2.~.007 274,~'),'3 Dairy products--···------····--···----- 22,775,742 9,863 780 9,226,520 1o96 -···------52,902 386,475 348,065 10, 2ki6 1,551,185 217,31.) Br

Mr. Chairman, let us make a brief review of the commerce of nations of the world there are splendid commercial opportunities the world and compare the commerce of the United States with for the United States--large fields of trade-and commerce barely the commerce of the other leading nations of the world in the touched by the American trader. great markets of other nations. I refer to the foregoing statistics and quotations not for the The exports of manufactured goods from Great Britain to purpose of expressing approval of the Republican idea and prac­ France in 1897 were $43,000,000; exports of manufactured goods tice of reciprocity as exemplified under Republican administra­ from Germany to France in 1897 were $31,000,000; exports from tion, but to illustrate and emphasize two important truths: the United States of manufactured goods to France in 1897 were First. That under the operation of lower tariff rates our foreign $4,000,000. commeree rapidly grows and expands and a profitable market is I submit a comparative statement of statistics furnished me by secured for the surplus of American products. the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department of the com­ Second. That the present high tariff rates are unnecessary and merce of the world and the share of the United States therein: are so recognized by these eminent Republicans. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, BUREAU Oll' STATISTICS, The logical result is an approval of the Democratic doctrine of Washington, February 6, 190!. taxation when viewed from an international commercial stand­ The imports into the various grand divisions, and share supplied by the point and having in view the permanent commercial policy of . United States, wa.s a.s follows: this Government. I might cite other statistics with other Per cent countries, but deem it unnecessary. The fact is demonstrated Total imports Amount from Ufrmublican-friends, I sholil:d too bad we must be constantly punished by them. You said if like to read itom a decla.:ration of their convention. You would. the Government would· protect" these· great" corporations so that ruwer liea:r:. anything about this, M.r. Chairman, .irsome gentleman they could=become rich it would enable. them. to sell their goods did: not read.. it; but I find in the Republican ];!latform of.tlie year cheaper and. enable them· to J>ay more for-the labornece ary in 1900 these words: the-manufacture of their goods. My oBservation lias been, Mr: We recognize the necessity and propriety of.honest cooperatioiLof capitll.l Chairman, that these huge combinations-of capital get; just as to meet _new busineSi\ conditions, a.nd especiallyto-extend our.rnpidlyincreas- much as they can for tili.eir goods and get-their-labor jUBt as cheap ing-trnde-- as they carr. Sou:nillrlili:e you miglittrnsttliat, dbes-itnot?- This is human nature, anywa . Men do not I!ay:wagesaccord- liut we coniliunn all conspiracies-and combinations intended.to. restrict busi- ing. to their. ability to. pay. Most men get all they can in this ne58, to crea1;e.Jmonopolie!t; tio'limitproduction, or to control prices. world. The laboring man is not fooled by this argument any Nobody) Ml:. Chairman, would ever have Ji:nown tliis- Th.st was longer. He knowa- tha1r he-must lookout for. himself, and he is in the Republican platform, exceDt by referring to thaoriginal wise when he-doe& it. The trusts. have outgrown our country. dOcument. CA.ru>.lausa on. tlie llemocratic..side.] · TheYr tell us- theywant-the·world for theirmaTket; If so, it is Now, this amendment, whichTshould like_to see-tested, it seems only-fair tliat tliey sliouTII: liave tlie world. to compete. with. to me is- above criticiSm, eyen from a Repul3lican standpoint. Of These things can not endure always. Unless the conscience of c.our.se, as-a good Democrat, I say it-does not go fa.r.. enougli. It the Republiu-has·becume-paralyzed:; there-must be-, the1·e will be, puts in the hands. of. your. fte.siilimt_the.. power to SUSR6nd. the a change. We have the right on onrside, and in tHe end-the right duty up_on articles whibh come_in comnetition with articles of will win. It is not right to shoot down men who are entitled to Amerieanmanufacture.soldcheaper..aoroad tharrthey;areathome. freedom just aamuchas we are. It is..not right.to allow laws to Tliese monopolies liave become so al:lsolhte and_ so tr.yannical endure:which permit individuals.. and corporations- to charge us that tHey fix their price. according tQ competition. Wher.e the more for theirproducts-tharr they-dn foreigners. If' anything in competition.is small the Rrice is high. and where_the competition the world is wr.ong,, these thinga ar.e wrong.. IL thru:a is- ever a. iS great tlie price-is-lower. Our neople at liome are absolutely at change, it must be, it will be, WTought by the Democratic party. their mercy. '.the law of:·sup:Qfy·anoli.sha~ anosition to put tliese ar- to the Filipinos; protection for the trusts·at liome." Upon ours tides on. t1ia free list. It does not req_uir.e the President to deter- shall be.! '' Freedom for the Filipino; equal and exact justice. to mine wl:iether any :Qarticular..corporationis a.tmst o.r..not. It does aU men; equal op_po.rtunity. to e..ver..y citizen,_ State, and section;" not reQuire him to ascer.tain whether two or more-persons have and upon this issue; Mr. Chair.man, with confidence we shall ap­ conspireatogether to regulate prices. There is no difficulty about peal to the sense of' right·of the·American people. [Loud applause ili ~ The:re..iann.legal obstacle. in..the way._ There need be·no fear on.thB'Democr.atillside..l of any shifting decision-of one majority by tlie..highest court in MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE; the land The. propo.siti

peaceful and friendly community of trade with all the peoples of the earth of the world, desire the Government to use its power and ita can the work now auspiciously begun be carried to fruition. In the attain­ ment of this purpose we necessarily claim parity of treatment, under the money t.o open up new and untried and un-American fields for conventions, throughout the Empire for our trade and our citizens with exploitation. .. those of all other powers. The American laboring man, who has the power to control his What has the Philippine" open door" done for us in the Philip­ country's policy, can not see in this new-fledged system any guar­ pines? It has given us ·a war that has cost hundreds of millions of anty for his interests or his future safety and protection. You treasure and thousands of lives, and in return for this, according have bound the Philippines down with chains. You have op­ to the last annual report of the Secretary of War, on pages 76 and pressed Porto Rico. Yon have joined the powers in the control 77, we get in trade (let me read): "Out of a total in one year of of China. You have curbed the freedom of Cuba, and, after tying $53,000,000 of imports and exports the United States got the paltry her hand and foot, yon are getting ready to still extend your char­ amountof $5,000 , 000~ both amountsinroundnumbers." Ten per acter as men of "easy international morality" by stifling your con­ cent of profit in this trade would represent $500 000 as the sciences against her appeals for humanity. You have raped her recompense to the traders for the expenditures of war by the industries, and if you refuse her full reciprocity yon lay her help­ nation. Does it pay? Let us be honest with ourselves. Let us lessly at your feet. be fair to the people. Does it pay? . Hawaii so far has escaped. She was annexed in 1898, when we This is a new system of international comity-this nation to rule were imbued with the spirit of true Americanism. The Hawaiian another for her benefit. This sounds again like " manifest des­ Islands were admitted to full fellowship under the Constitution tiny," but used in a different sense than that in which the Presi­ and the flag. dent used it once in his work on Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri. In passing the organic law for their government we ruthlessly In that work he styled those who favored aggression on weaker and rightly tore down the slave flag that covered the serfdom peoples as men of" easy international morality." there before. and snatched from the driver's hand the lash that The President shows, in his message, our purposes and inten­ beat the backs of men and women who labored under contract. tions to share in the arbitrary rule of China, and mellows this I voted against the admission of Hawaii, believing that American harsh and unwarranted treatment by the assertions that it is our labor would suffer by its inclusion. right and for her good. To those who favor island annexation the unwelcome truth has Thus we face the great and momentous problem, whether this been unfolded by our experiences in Hawaii. The census of 1900 nation should assume the dangers and evils and entanglements shows that of the total population of 154,000 in an area one-fifth that will ensue from the dismemberment of China, to which this the extent of Indiana, 25,767 are Chinese as against 17,002 in 1890, policy of the party in power unerringly and inevitably leads. and 61,111 Japanese in 1900 as against 12,360 in 1890. The President likewise shows that the" open door," which is The census shows a popnlation of native and mixed Hawaiian England's colonial policy, will prevail in China under the rule of blood of 37,918. the powers, and we are thus committed irretrievably to the" open This is the heterogeneous admixture of the nn-American races door" so long as we retain a foothold in the Philippines. that were affiicted upon the laboring men of this country by the How fortunate it would hav.e been had this nation been checked resolution of the gentleman from Nevada [Mr. NEWLANDS], and in its policy of imperialism by a lack of revenues that furnished as he has recently introduced a resolution for the annexation of the means for these new and dangerous enterprises. How much Cuba I hope that in the interest of American labor he will ee the would we have saved in blood and treasure and in national honor. evil consequences to our workingmen and forbear bringing islands Occasionally some one with a sinister design concealed rises up into our dominion. Let us aid Cuba to help herself. With this and says, "give us expansion with the golden rule." These prin­ our mission is ended. Can our laboring men compete with the ciples do not go together. No such incongruous thoughts can Chinese and the Japanese of Hawaii or with the native Hawaiians? inspire one prompted by true Americanism. The golden rule is This is full American territory. They must be admitted with too sweet! too harmonious, too Christian, to enter into a problem full privilege with the mainland or the Constitution be endan­ that involves the shedding of human blood. gered by attempts to keep them out. Such is colonial rule in ita Why invoke "manifest destiny" and the " golden rule" to jus­ protection to labor, and thus must yon abandon the interest of tify oppression, bloodshed, and warfare? He that does this clothes the toilers or give but a limited constitutional guaranty and pro­ in the livery of the best masters to serve the devil in. If appeals tection to the inhabitants of Hawaii. to religion can be made, if the "golden rule" and. " manifest There is no reason for duplicity or deception, for uncertainty destiny" can cover the crime of imperialism, how much, I won­ or vagueness. Our Government is strong in military prowess. It der, will these great cardinals be appealed to in years to come to should be just and merciful and magnanimous. It must deal cover up national sins? fairly with the soldiers and their families, who are tortured and It is claimed that we annexed the Hawaiian Islands by reason distressed in body and in mind by deadly war and pestilential dis­ of their strategic value as a key to the Pacific and to prevent the ease. Our Government must be fair to them or retribution will peaceful invasion of them by the Japanese. It is asserted that come. Porto Rico came to us as a fruit of war, and that she is also of The President and his advisers know full well the meaning of value as a key, as a strategic point in the Atlantic. Of these two language, and they can say that it is the purpose to give the Phil­ keys one was admitted under the Constitution, the other outside ippines their independence, as we did to Cuba, and at that instant its pale. · the war in the Philippines will be ended. We hold a suzerainty in form over Cuba, because it is alleged The President has not said so. His advisers have not said so, she is near our shores, and the Monroe doctrine is again invoked. and the war goes on. All civilized nations know the consequences The same class of statesmen would have us pnrchase the Danish of war. Americans know them full well. Our duty lies along West Indies from the King of Denmark not for a strategic point, the pathway blazed out by the Declaration of Independenc\), the for we have already Porto Rico, but in furtherance of and main­ Constitution, our traditions, and humanity. tenance of the Monroe doctrine. They appeal to the Monroe doc­ The Bacon resolution, introduced in the Senate before the dire­ trine to justify colonial rule in the West, but abandon it in their ful consequences in -the Philippines had befallen us, would have attitude in the Far East. Why appeal to the Monroe doctrine to spared and rescued us from its misfortunes. justify the holding of islands in the West and refute and repudi­ It reads like this: ate it by holding islands in the East? Resolved further, That the United States hereby disclaim any disposition Those in whose interest this policy is urged, without compunc­ or intention to exercise permanent sovereignty, jurisdiction, or cont rol over tion, if indeed the word conscience can be found in the lexicon of said islands, and assert their determination, when a table and independent government shall have.been erected therein, ~ntitled in the judgment of the commercialdom, with a versatility and elasticity they claim that Government of the Uruted States to recogrution as such to transfer to said manifest destiny guided us to the Philippines. If manifest des­ government, upon terms which shall be reasonable and just, all rights se­ tiny and not the commercial interests guided us to the Philippine cw·ed under the cession by Spain, and to thereupon leave the government Islands, what power is it that urges on to the rule of China? Was and control of the islands to their people. there ever an instance where the exercise of a p ::>wer was more This resolution was opposed by the body of Republican Sena­ exacting and autocratic than that in which we joined the powers tors and was supported by the Democrats. The vote resulted in in the rule over China? Can we dissociate this exercise of sov­ a tie and was decided in the negative by the deciding vote of the ereignty from the abject submission of China and the absolute Republican Vice-President. It may have been thought at that rule of the powers? The United States in conjunction with the time that there would be no serious insniTection, no serious re­ other countries of Europe, becomes a tyrant for the rule of a bellion, no strenuous war for human liberty, and no great drain weaker cotmtry. in money. All these matters have been made clear to us now, to Why this departure? Why should this country enter into the our misfortune. politics of Asia? Thus are islands annexed, entangling alliances Ourdutyis made plain tons in the language of the Democratic assumed and the insidious wiles of foreign influences courted platform, which but voices true Americanism. It says: "We against our tTaditions and against our most familiar notions of favor an immediate declaration of the nation's purpose to give to American prudence and policy, because the commercial powers the Filipinos, first, a stable form of government; second, independ­ of this country, which already fully control the legitimate markets ence, and, third, protection from outside interference, such as 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1889 has been given for nearly a century to the Republics of Cen­ England finds the same effective means in her war against the tral and South America.'' Boers who fight for the South African Republic. There is not a Filipino of the millions on the islands, from the England against the Boers follows the example of Spain in most cultured to the slave-owning, polygamous inhabitants of the Cuba; and has it come to this, Mr. Chairman, that we must fol­ Sulus, who cares for us or for our institutions, except as their at­ low the example of both to suppress the Filipinos? tachment is held by the mighty arbitrament of the sword or by To-day little Boer boys, snatched from then· homes in the ab­ the more mild and seductive influences of money, filched by tax­ sence of their parents and imprisoned, now are crying for their ation from the islanders to hoist into office mercenary Filipinos, fathers and their mothers; and little Boer girls in reconcentrado whose attachment to our Government is measured by the tenure camps, to-day are crying, bitterly crying, for their mothers and of their offices and the amount of the perquisites they afford. their fathers. Must we follow then· example? They were kid­ Every Filipino who has a sense of patriotism as it is understood napped, many of them, and canied from their homes, and are by Americans is to us an enemy, a traitor, or a spy. This is now held in prison in the name of human warfare. They are shown by the testimony of our officers, military and civil. Our kept from care and protection of parent. This is warfare as warfare shows it, and it is disclosed in the history of the islands. England understands it, as Spain understood it, and it is the sys­ Filipinos may be in the service of the United States, they may tem that is being adopted in the Philippines by our officers. pretend to be our friends, but they will wait forever to strike Can such acts be brutalities only when practiced by Spain and the invader; and when the opportunity comes and the blow is England? struck, it will show us the folly of lulling ourselves into a security Our history is moving in cycles. Our soldiers who went to Cuba while treachery was so plainly written in their dissembled conduct. in that war for liberty and humanity found reconcentrado camps From all the reports that come to us it does not take much with untold sufferings under the Spanish. Oursoldiersnow, who penetration to see through the slight veneer that covers the real go to the Philippines~ find the same camps of suffering and dis­ character. · tress under American officers. If this position is not correct, then no one heretofore has cor­ The laboring man is taxed to support a system of colonial rule rectly written the history of these islands and the 8,000,000 peo­ that strikes at his vital interest. ple. If this position is not sound, then no one heretofore has Let him beware. When he understands the situation, he will understood human nature the world over. rebel against it. If he fails to heed the admonition enforced by The spirit of rebellion, as we call it, the spirit of patriotism, as a departure from more than a hundred years of constitutional they call it, is on the islands to stay, and the. only question that government for his protection, if he fails to do his duty, for he concerns our people is whether we should be taxed to hire sol­ still has the sovereign power, and a horde of Asiatics and kindred diers, to buy war ships and war supplies to suppress it. All told, peoples are brought in closer relations with us, then not only will colonial rule costs us annually over a hundTed million. It can labor suffer in his day, but the cloud will hang over his children not be eradicated entirely. It will smolder on in embers, while in the coming generation. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Wheaton's 50,000 soldiers patrol the coa-sts and are quartered Mr. SHERMAN. I move that the committee rise. among them. Under daring chiefs and leaders they will rise The motion was agreed to. from year to year in insurrection and rebellion. Sickness and The committee accordingly rose; and the House having re­ death stalks in the wake of our army there, and plague and pesti­ sumed its session, Mr. MoNDELL reported that the Committee of lential disease overtakes them. the Whole House on the state of the Union having had under To carry on this colonial Philippine policy we are taxed, not consideration the Indian appropriation bill, had come to no reso­ only for war, but we are taxed in the lives and limbs and health lution thereon. of our soldiers, taxed in tears ~nd anguish of mothers and sisters, LEAVE TO PRINT. whose sons and brothers have been sent to those far-away islands Mr. SHERMAN. I ask unanimous consent that all gentlemen on a dreadful mission. To mitigate in some mea-sure the horrors who have spoken on the Indian appropriation bill, or who shall of that climate it is recommended that the soldiers be relieved in speak on it dming the general debate, may have leave to extend a year or two of service. their remarks in the RECORD. The necessity for this regulation shows the danger in the cli­ There being no objection, leave was granted accordingly. mate. But who can tell how many will fall in that time victims to it by diseases peculiar to the climate? Surely more than in INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF BOILER-INSPECTION CERTIFI­ battle. How many will be wrecked for lives, and how liberal CATES. will the Government be to them in pensions? Let these consid­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, I hold in my hand the bill erations enter into the questions of taxation. (H. R. 7936) to amend section 4400 of the Revised Statutes of the The managers of the Republican party were wont to tell us on United States, and the bill (H. R. 7951) to amend section 4400 of this floor for several years that it was but a shadow of an insur­ the Revised Statutes of the United States, relating to a reciprocal rection in the Philippines; that our prophecies that it would be recognition of boiler-inspection certificates between the several long, stubborn, and dangerous were ridiculous, and that the facts maritime nations having marine-inspection laws. I ask that the upon which this judgment was based existed nowhere but in the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries may be dis­ mind of some weak or designing and unpatriotic person. But charged from the further consideration of these two bills and the spark that kindled the flame grew to be a dreadful conflagra­ that they may lie on the table. I make this request because a ·tion that takes more than one-half our Army to smother. They can corresponding bill-Senate bill546-ha~ already been pa-ssed by only allay it. They can not conquer it altogether. How differ­ the House. . ent the conditions here and there. The SPEAKER. Without objection, House bills 7936 and 7951 Seventy-five million people here and an Army less than one­ will be laid on the table. half of the whole; an insurrectionary and dissatisfied people there There was no objection. numbering8,000,000, and more than one-half of our Army needed EXECUTION OF DEEDS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, ETC. to coerce and suppress them. And such a method of warfare! A system that punishes the promulgation of the Declaration of The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message of Independence and Constitution of the United States! These con­ the President of the United States; which was read, referred to the siderations are not sentimental. They are real; they are sub­ Committee on the District of Columbia, and ordered to be printed: stantial. To the House of Representatives: In compliance with a resolution of the House of Representatives of the 17th If sentimentality were to be appealed to, we could cite that the instant (the Senate concurring), I return House bill No. 581!, entitled "An war in Cuba was waged in the cause of liberty and humanity. act to provide for the execution in the Philippine Islands and in Porto Rico Now we offer them a sort of liberty, a diluted liberty, diluted by of deeds of lands situate in the District of Columbia or the Territories of the United States." the Platt amendment. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. But we give them a form of liberty, and when they set up a WHITE HOUSE, Februar-y 18, 1902. stable form of government it will be easy enough for the Cubans, under the sentiment that prevails in America, if I mistake not, to RETffiEMENT OF NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR RICHMOND P. HOBSON. shake off any hold that this country may claim to have or any The SPEAKER also laid before the House the following mes- restraints it may have imposed, which were notoriously secured sage of the President of the United States; which was read, re­ under duress from the people of Cuba. fen-ed to the Committee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to be Why not give the same guaranties to the Philippines? There printed: is a similarity between the case of Cuba and the Philippines, if To the Senate and House of Rep1·esentatives: not in its good and humanitarian purposes and objects, at least In June, 1900, Naval Constructor Richmond P. Hobson, then on duty at the naval station, Cavite, P. I., was found to be suffering from "compound in its harsh misfortunes, the result of war. hypermetropic astigmatism., retinal hyperremia, and trachoma," and an op­ Weyler's order to the Cuban reooncentrados meant torture, eration was performed for the la.tter. On the 28th of June, 1900, he was ad­ death, and starvation. mitted to the naval hospital, Yokohama, Japan, the hospital ticket stating: "Retinitis. There is good evidence it was in line of duty. While on du~ at Our generals in the Philippines are giving out the same recon­ Hongkong during the past year he suffered from weahrness of eyes, particu­ centrado order,- in efforts to suppress the insurrection. larly after exposure to glare of sun or while subject to the irregularities of XXXV-119 1890 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUS-E. FEBRUARY 18, light on board the ships under repairs." On September 7, 100), he was dis­ H. R. 3413. An act granting an increase of pension to Jedediah charged from the naval hospital at Yokohama and ordered to tbe United States, and was sub equently granted six months' leave of absence on ac- S. Vallet; count of continued "irritation of retinm." · H. R. 5108. An act granting an increase of pension to Elisha B. In January,)!lOO, Naval Constructor Hobson appeared before a retiring Taylor, alias Elisha T. Bisbee; board, the meaical members of which, after an examination of his case, made the following certificate: H. R. 3184. An act granting an increase of pension to David "At present there is apparently only a slight retinal irritation. but by the Petee; exercise of reasonable care it shoUld not give great trouble. H. R. 3300. An act granting an increase of pension to George "An opthalmoscopic examination not made and deemed not essential. "We believe, therefore, that M.r. Hobson is fit for active duty." B. Boyd; Upon this state of facts the retiring board decided "that Naval Con­ H. R. 2484. An act granting an increa£e of pension to Jeremiah structor Richmond P. Hobson, Unit.ed Stat~s Navy, is fit for active duty." Evans; Without suggesting that any injustice has been done by this finding, and while in effect pronouncing it correct, Mr. Hobe...on states, in a. letter addressed H. R. 287. An act granting an increase of pension to Leighton to the Secretary of the Navy, February 5, 1002, that "the duty required in J.Folsom; the Construction Corps, in connection wtth plans and blue prinfs~ and in con­ H. R. 4037. An act granting a pension to Julia Maher; nection with inspection and supervision in the glare at ahipyaras and navy­ yards, requires Just the kind of use of the eyes that is painful and injurious H. R. 3024.. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas and would tend to thwart their recovery;" that the condition of his eyes has V. Stran; improved since his return t-o the United States, while on special duty not in H. R. 5259. An act granting an increase of pension to Gustav the usual line of work of the Construction Corps, but that 'under these fa­ vorable conditions the irritation and sensitiveness continue and show that" Schwartz; he "should not undertake work that taxes the eyes * * * in the future." H. R. 2628. An act granting an increase of pension to Andrew He accordingly asks special legislation authorizing his retirement as for dis­ Mulholland; abilities incurred in the line of duty. This request is approved by the Chief Constructor and by the Secretary of the Navy. H. R. 286. An act granting an increase of pension to Lawrentus In consideration of the foregoing, but especially of the gallant service Lane; rendered by Mr. Hobson in the sinking of the Merrimac in the harbor of H. R. 24.12. An act granting a pension to Helen L. Pepper; Santiago during the recent war with Spain, I recommend the enactment of a suitable measure for his relief. H. R. 2429. An act granting an increase of pension to John C. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Morrison; . WHITE HousE, February 17, 190Z. H. R. 3240. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph Be it enacted 1:ry the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Church; States of America in Congress assembled, That tlie President of the United States bs, and he is hereby, authorized to transfer to the retired list of the H. R. 5162. An act granting an increase of pension to Andrew H. Navy, as for disabilities incurred in the line of duty, Na.val Constructor Gifford; Richmond P. Hobson, United States Navy, at the rate of pay provided by H. R. 6684. An act granting an increase of pension to Marshall section l58S of the Revised Statutes in the case of officers retired on account of incapacity resulting from long and faithful service. Bachelder; H. R. 4.182. An act granting an increase of pension to David ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. Cupps; Mr. WACHTER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ H. R. 4268. An act granting an increase of pension to James D. ported that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills of Woodward; the following titles; when the Speaker signed the same. H. R. 5753. An act granting an increase of pension to Emil H. R. 4208. An act granting an increase of pension to Susan M. Frank· Pardee; H. R. 1728. An act granting an increase of pension to George H. R. 2321. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph W. Thompson; R. Martin; H. R. 2617. An act granting an increase of pension to John H. R. 2607. An act granting an increase of pension to Uriah S.­ Rapple; and Karmany; H. R. 10780. An act to transfer the county of Carroll from the H. R. 5147. An act granting an increase of pension to Theodore northwestern division of the northern district of Georgia back Lane; to the nm'thern district of Georgia of the United States district H. R. 2502. An act granting an increase of pension to Ambrose and circuit courts, and for other purposes. Burton; - The SPEAKER announced his signature to enrolled bills of the H. R. 2528. An act granting a pension to Helen M. Evans; following titles: H. R. 5169. An act granting an increase of pension to Hiram S. S. 1267. An act granting an increase of pension to Susan F. Kingsley; Connit; H. R. 6926. An act granting a pension to Mabel H. Lazear; S. 2128. An act granting a pension to Jane Taylor; H. R. 1285. An act granting an increase of pension to Cyrus S. 2161. An act granting an increase of pension to A. Custis Odell; Steever Carpenter; H. R. 6465. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel S. 1337. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary R. Briscoe· Miller; H. R., 514.9. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles S. 1329. An act granting an increase of pension to George W. E. Bachelder; Black; H. R. 815. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry S. S. 1465. An act granting an increase of pension to George Fow­ Comer; ler; H. R. 5002. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas S. 1610. An act granting an increase of pension to Napoleon B. H. McConnaughey; Perkins; H. R. 2983 . .An act to amend an act entitled "An act granting S. 1622. An act granting a pension to Theophilus Goodwin; an increase of pension to Francis M. Thompson/' approved March S. 890. An act granting an increase of pension to Catharine 3, 1901; . Moore; H. R. 3230. An act granting a pension to Catherine Pflueger; S. 891. An act granting a pension to Lucinda W. Cavender; H. R. 6720. An act granting an increase of pension to George S. 920. An act granting an increase of pension to Francia M. Patterson; Reilly; H. R. 2265. An act granting an increase of pension to Martin S. 919. An act granting an increase of pension to Daniel C. V. Hathaway; Knowels; H. R. 1374. An act granting an increase of pension to James S. 1094. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry Gifford Willard; Dunbar; H. R. 5860. An act granting an increase of pension to Edward S. 11-43. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles L. B. Scott· Sweat; H. R. 3511. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary C. S. 114:8. An act granting an increase of pension to Dennis Han­ Newcomb; nifin· H. R. 24.16. An act granting an increase of pension to John B. S. h67. An act granting an increase of pension to John Fergu­ Wilcox; son; H. R. 7408. An act granting an increase of pension to Levi S. 887. An act granting an increase of pension to Sarah Mc­ Cro ; Cord; H. R. 2193. An act granting an increase of pension to David A. S. 888. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary Taylor­ Ireland· S. 889. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles F: H. R.' 1017. An act granting a pension to Mary Tripp; Burger; H. R. 0459. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary F. S. 692. An act granting an increase of pension to Daniel T. Hooper- Rose; H. R. 9312. An act granting an increase of pension to Kate S. 526. An act granting an increase of pension to John Mc­ Virginia Dewey Cushing; Grath; H. R. 2455. An act granting an increase of pension to George W . S. 568. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry Fisher­ 'M.r;Clure; S. 232. An act gran~mg a pension to Mary E. W. Morgan; ' 1902. CONGRESSIONAL-REOORD-liOUSE. l89l

S. 199. An act granting an increase of pemion to Nathaniel EXECtrTIVE 'COMMDNICATIONS. Eaton· Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive 'COln­ S. 1~ h . An act granting an increase of pension to John Chandler; mnnicatioru were taken from the Speaker's table and referred, as S. 200. An act granting an increase of pension to Eunice P. follows~ Detweiler; • A lett& from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft 193. An S. act granting a pension to Richard H. Musgrove; of a bill relati~ io the signing of letters patent for inventions­ S. 1783. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry B. to the Committee on Patents, and ordered to be printed. Schroeder; S. 194. An act granting a pension to Joseph W. Mulford; S. 1805. An act granting a pension to Laura B. Wear; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND S. 1977. An act granting an increase of pension to Harrison T. RESOLUTIONS. De Long; Under clause ·2 ofRu1e XIIT, bills and resolutions were severally S. 1020. An act for the relief of John Emerson; reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred to S. 2107. An act granting a pension to Matilda Armstrong; tbe several Calendars therein named, as follows: S. 2334. An act granting an increase of pension to Oscar Reed; Mr. HITT,from theCommittee onForeignA:ffairs, to which was S. 2359. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel referred the bill of the House (H. R.11471) making appropriations Hymer; for the diplomatic and consular service for the fiscal year ending S. 2389. An act granting a pension to John E. Farrell; June 30, 1903, repqrted the same, accompanied by a report (No. S. 2390. An act granting a pension to Nellie M. Emery; 558· which said bill and report were referred to the Committee S. 2485. An act granting an increase of pension to Tempy of the Whole House on the state of the Union. French; Mr. ADAMS, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, to which S. 2484. An act granting an increase of pension to Loren S. was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8129) to amend sections Richardson; ~076 and 4078 and 4075 of the Revised Statutes, reported the same S. 2392. An act granting an ine1·ease of pension to Elmer L. with amendments, accompanied by a report (No. 559}; which Stevens; . ~d bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole S. 1621. An act granting an increase of pension to David Pollock; House on the state of the Union. S. 2010. An act granting an increase of pension to Marcia M. Merritt; and S. 2131. An act granting a pension to Carolina N. Allen. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS. SENATE BILLS .AND RESOLUTION REFERRED. Under clause 2 of Rule XTII: private bills and resolutions were severally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and Underclause2of Rule XXIV, Senate bills and resolution of the referred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows: following titles were taken from the Speak-er's table and referred Mr. STORM, from the Committee on Claims, to which was re­ to their appropriate committees, as indicated below: ferred the bill of the House (H. R. 6703) for the relief of George S. 65. An act providing for the retirement of petty officers and A. Rogers, r~'_Qorted the same without amendment, accompanied enlisted men of the Navy-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. by a report (No. 560); which said bill and report were referred S. 109"9. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to return to the Private Calendar. to Harvard University certain colors, silver cnp, and Nordenfeldt Mr. CAPRON, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to gun-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. which was referred the bill of the Senate {S. 336) to grant an S. 1563. An act for the relief of William H. Crawford-to the honorable discharge from the military service to Charles H. Haw­ Committee on Naval .Affairs. ley~ reported the same without amendment, accompanied by a S. 2921. An act to pla~e Henry Biederbick, Julius R. Freder­ report {No. 561); which said bill and report were referred to the ick, Francis Long, and Maurice Conn~ll on the r~?red list o.f en­ Private Calendar. lisred men of the Army-to the Com.nnttee on Military A.ffarrs. Mr. PARKER, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to S. 1025. An act to promote the efficiency of the Revenue­ which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 608) fo~ the relief of Cutter Service-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign George K. Bowen, reported the same Without amendment, ac­ Commerce. companied by a report (No. 565); which said bill and report S. 1~6. An act to provide for the -extension of the charters of were referred to the Private Calendar. national banks-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the Senate concurrent resolution 25~ bill of the lionse (H. R. 3762) for the relief of Ema.nnel Klauser, Resolved by the Senate (th.e House of Representatives con·curriflg),. T~t the Secretary of Wa.r be, a.nd he is hereby, directed to ca.UM &n e:mtnlllation to reported the same with amendment, a,ccompa.nied by a report be made of the coast of Washington, in the vicinity of th-e month o~ the Ho!J. (No. 5l:i6); which said bill and report were referred to the Pri­ River with a. view to the establishment of a harbor, a.nd to sublD.lt an esti­ vate Calendar. mate ~refor.- He also, from the same. committee, to which was referred the to the Oommittee on Rivers and Harbors. bill of the Senate (S. 24) for the relief of James W. Howell, re­ LEA.VE OF .ABSENCE. ported the Bame with amendment, accompanied by a report (~ o. Ml.". McCLEARY., by unanimous consent, obtained leave ot ab­ 567); which said bill and report were referred to the Private sence for one weeH:, on account of sickness. C~lendar. WITHDR.AW .AL OF P A.PERS. By unanimous cons~nt, leave for withdrawal of pR:pers was ADVERSE REPORTS. granted in the followmg cases, no adverse report havmg been Under clause 2 of Rnle XIII, adverse reports were delivered to made: . the Clerk and laid on the table, as follows: To Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama, papers in the case of James W. Mr. SLAYDEN, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to Carmody (Fifty-sixth Congress). which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 32) to correct the To Mr. OVERSTREET, papers in the case of Samuel B . .Alexander military record of AlbertS. Austin, reported the same adversely, (Fifty-fourth Congress). accompanied by a report (No. 562); which said bill and report . LEA.VE TO PRINT. were laid on the table. Mr. SHERMAN. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the from Michigan [Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITHJ, may have pe~ss~on to bill of the Senate (8. 619) to authorize the President to revoke print remarks in the RECORD on the Indian appropnation bill. I the order dismissing William T. Godwin, late fu·st lieutenant, was unable to give him time. Tenth Infantry, United States Army, and· to place him on the There was no objection, and leave was accordingly granted. retired list, reported the same adversely, accompanied by a report PERMANENT CENSUS OFFICE. (No. 563); which said bill and report were laid on the table. lir. PARKER. from the Committee on Military Affairs; to The SPEAKER laid before the Rouse, with amendments of the which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 139) for the relief Senate, the bill (H. R. 10308) to provide for a permanent ensus of Edward Byrne, reported the same adversely, accompanied by Office. a report (No. 560); which said bill and report were laid on the Mr. RUSSELL. I ask unanimous consent that the Honse dis­ table. agree to the several amendments of the Senate and request a con­ ference. There being no objection, it was ordered accordingly; and the CHANGES OF REFERENCE. Speaker announced as conferees on the part of the House Mr. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged. from HoPKINS, Mr. RussELL, and Mr. GRIFFITH. the consideration of the following bills; which were referred as And then, on motion of Mr. PAYNE (at 5 o'clock and 7 minutes follows: p. m.), the House adjourned. A bill (H. R. 7509) granting an increase of pension to Annie M. 1892 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. ]fEBRUARY 18,

Walker-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (H. R. 11199) granting a pension to Lewis Walton-Com­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following titles were presented and referred as follows: mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referr.ed to the Com­ By Mr. BELL: A bill (H. R. 11482) for the relief of 0. E. mittee on Pensions. Noland, of Mancos, Colo.-to the Committee on Claims. A bill (H. R. 11464) granting a pension to Marion L. Wilson­ By Mr. BLAKENEY: A bill (H. R. 11483) granting an in­ Committee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Commit­ crease of pension to William D. Kimble-to the Committee on tee on Invalid Pensions . . Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BROWNLOW: A bill (H. R. 11484) for the relief of PUBLIC BILLS, MEMORIALS, AND RESOLUTIONS. Edwin S. Harris-to the Committee on Claims. Under clause 3 of Rule XXIT, bills, resolutions, and memorials By Mr. COWHERD (by request): A bill (H. R. 11485) granir of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as ing a pension to Julia McCarthy-to the Committee on Invalid follows: Pensions. By Mr. HITT, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs: A bill By Mr. DOUGHERTY: A bill (H. R. 11486) to correct the (H. R. 11471) making appropriations for the diplomatic and con­ military record of Aaron Norris-to the Committee on :Military sular service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963-to the Affairs. Union Calendar. Also, a bill (H. R. 11487) granting a pension to James F. Mont­ By Mr. CONRY: A bill (H. R. 11472) to establish light-houses gomery-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. at the mouth of Boston Harbor to mark the entrance to the new Also, a bill (H. R. 11488) granting an increase of pension to Broad Sound Channel-to the Committee on Interstate and For­ John J. Hunter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. eign Commerce. By Mr. EMERSON: A bill (H. R. 11489) granting an increase By Mr. BROWN: A bill (H. R. 11473) to authorize the Secre­ of pension to William D. West--to the Committee on Invalid tary of the Interior to fulfill certain treaty stipulations with the Pensions. Chippewa Indians of Lake Superior and the Mississippi, and mak­ By Mr. FORDNEY: A bill (H. R. 11490) granting an increase ing appropriation for the same-to the Committee on Indian of pension to Elizabeth Parrish-to the Committee on Invalid. Affairs. Pensions. By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 11474) for the acknowledg­ By Mr. FOWLER: A bill (H. R. 11491) granting an increase of ment of deeds and other instruments in the Philippine Islands pension to Israel D. Lum-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and Porto Rico affecting land situate in the District of Columbia Also, a bill (H. R. 11492) granting an increase of pension to or any Territory of the United States-to the Committee on the John J. Willis-to the Committee on Pensions. District of Columbia. By Mr. GORDON: A bill (H. R. 11493) granting a pension to By Mr. IRWIN: A bill (H. R. 11475) for the purchase of the Mary A. Lipps-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. portrait of Gen. George H. Thomas-to the Committee on the By Mr._HANBURY: A bill (H. R. 11494) granting a pension Library. · to Henrietta A. Buell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SPARKMAN: A bill (H. R. 11476) authorizing, em­ By Mr. HAUGEN: A bill (H. R. 11495) granting an increase powering, and directing the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries of pension to Mary A. Bailey-to the Committee on Pensions. to establish in the State of Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico, a sta­ By Mr. HEMENWAY: A bill (H. R. 11496) granting a pension tion for the investigation of problems connected with the marine­ to Henry S. Foster--'to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. fishery interests of the region-to the Committee on the Merchant By Mr. HOWARD: A bill (H. R.11497) for the relief of Martha Marine and Fisheries. Strickland, widow of William Strickland-to the Committee on By Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH: A bill (H. R. 11477) for improv­ Military Affairs. ing Fort street between Twelfth and Fourteenth str"Cets north­ By Mr. IRWIN: A bill (H. R. 11498) granting an increase of east, and for other purposes-to the Committee on the District of pension to Candace Browder-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Columbia. sions. By Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 11478) to Also, a bill (H. R. 11499) granting an increase of pension to provide for refunding internal-revenue taxes paid upon legacies Silvia Miller-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and bequests for uses of a religious, literacy, charitable, or edu­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11500) for the relief of Schuyler B. Mayhall­ cational character, or for the encouragement of art, under the to the Committee on Military Affairs. war-revenue act of 1898-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 11501) for the relief of John Hedrick-to the By Mr. WILCOX (by request): A_ bill (H. R. 11479) to appor­ Committee on Pensions. tion the term of office of seven senators elected at the first gen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11502) for the relief of Mary D. Griffiths-to eral election of the Territory of Hawa.ii-.-to the Committee on the the Committee on Pensions. Territories. By Mr. KEHOE: A bill (H. R. 11503) granting an increase of By Mr. TONGUE (by request): A bill (H, R. 11480) appropri­ pension to Israel T. Osborn-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in sions. certain States and Territories to ascertain the extent to which said Also, a bill (H. R. 11504) for the relief of James H. Reeder-to lands may be reclaimed, and to authorize the taxation of public the Committee on War Claims. lands under certain conditions-to the Committee on Irrigation By Mr. MERCER: A bill (H. R. 11505) granting a pension to of Arid Lands. David Dunkle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. CURRIER: A bill (H. R. 11481) to authorize the pur­ By Mr. MIERS of Indiana:. A bill (H. R.11506) granting a pen­ chase of certain pictures of Arctic expeditions, by Mr. Albert sion to Samuel Stetzer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Operti-to the Committee on the Library. By Mr. NAPHEN: A bill (H. R. 11507) for the relief of the By Mr. LACEY: A bill (H. R.11535) for the protection of game heirs of Valentine Kirchner-to the Committee on Claims. in the district of Alaska, and for other purposes-to the Com­ By Mr. NORTON: A bill (H. R.11508) granting an increase of mittee on the Territories. pension to Joseph A. Van Pelt--to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. R. 11536) to transfer certain forest reserves to Pensions. the control of the Department of Agriculture, to authorize game By Mr. ROBB: A bill (H. R. 11509) granting an increase of pen­ and fish protection in forest reserves, and for other purposes-to sion to Henry J. Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on the Public Lands. Also, a bill (H. R.11510) to remove the charge of desertion from By Mr. NORTON: A bill (H. R. 11537) to reimburse detailed the military record of James Coad-to the Committee on Military or assigned officers-to the Committee on War Claims. Affairs. By Mr. BELL: Joint resolution of Colorado legislature, favor­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11511) for the relief of George Kinnard-to ing a department of mining-to the Committee on Mines and the Committee on War Claims. M". By Mr. SELBY: A bill (H. R. 11512) granting an increase of ~~. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: Memori~ memorializing the pension to J. H. Daniels-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Representatives and Senators of Mississipp iin Congress to pre­ By Mr. SHAFROTH: A bill (H. R. 11513) granting a pension pare and urge the passage of a bill refunding to the cotton-grow­ to Oscar 0. Vaughan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing States the cotton tax collected from said States immediately Also, a bill (H. R. 11514) granting an increase of pension to afte:t: the war-to the Committee on War Claims. Charles Ambrook-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RYAN: Mem..orial memorializing the Representatives Also, a bill (H. R. 11515) for the relief of Samuel Gates-to the and Senators of Mississippi in Congress to prepare and urge the Committee on Military Affairs. passage of a bill refunding to the cotton-gr9wing States the cot­ By Mr. SHALLENBERGER: A bill (H. R. 11516) granting an ton tax collected from said States immediately after the war-to honorable discharge to William J. Coady-to the Committee on the Committee on War Claims. Military Affairs. 1902. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1893

By Mr. SMITH of Iowa: A bill (H. R. 11517) for the relief of Mo., favoring the reenactment of the Chinese-exclusion act-to John Lammert-to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 11518) granting an increase of pension to Also, resolution of the National Trades Council of America, Craig Mardis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. favoring irrigation by the General Government-to the Commit­ Also, a bill (H. R. 11519) granting an increase of pension to tee on Irrigation of Arid Lands. Henry Russell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, resolution of citizens of St. Louis, Mo., regarding Honse By Mr. STEWART of New York: A bill (H. R.11520) granting bill 7189 and Senate bill2162, relating to the United States Marine­ an increase of pension to Carrie Conant, widow of Capt. Charles Hospital Service-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H. Conant-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Commerce. Also, a bill (H. R. 11521) to correct the military record of Also, resolutions of Beer Drivers and Stablemen's Union No. Wesley Mickel-to the Committee on Military Affairs. 43, of St. Louis, Mo., concerning the relief of reconcentrados in Also, a bill (H. R. 11522) for the relief of Eliza Ellen Ehle-to South Africa-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the Committee on Claims. Also, petition of Musicians' Mutual Benefit Association of St. By Mr. TATE (by request): A bill (H. R. 11523) for the relief Louis, Mo., urging that the navy-yards be utilized for the con­ of the First Georgia State Troops-to the Committee on Military struction of war vessels-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Affairs. Also, petition of citizens of St. Louis, Mo., in favor of a Fed­ Also (by request), a bill (H. R. 11524) for the relief of Samuel eral election law-to the Committee on Election of President, Vice­ Howard-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. President, and Representatives in Congress. Also, a bill (H. R. 11525) for the relief of William Pastell-to By Mr. BOUTELL: Petition of A. C. Miller and others, of Chi­ the Committee on Military Affairs. · cago, ill., in relation to the report of the Department of Labor, Also, a bill (H. R. 11526) to correct the military record of Capt. under an act of March 3, 1887-to the Committee on Labor. Thomas E. Holland's company of Georgia Mounted Volunteers­ By Mr. BOWERSOCK: Resolution of Western Retail Imple­ to the Committee on Military Affairs. ment and Vehicle Dealers' Association, held in Kansas City, Mo., By Mr. TOMPKINS of Ohio: A bill (H. R. 11527) to correct against House bill 6578, known as the parcels-post bill-to the military record of Charles H. Jessup-to the Committee on Mil­ Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. itary Affairs. Also, resolution of George H. Thomas Post, No. 18, of Ottawa, By Mr. WHEELER: A bill (H. R. 115?.'3) for the relief of Vina Kans., favoring the construction of Government vessels in navy­ Furguson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Illinois: A bill (H. R. 11529) for there­ Also, resolutions of Coopers' Union No. 18, of Kansas City, lief of the heirs of R. H. Montgomery, of Holmes County, Miss.­ Kans., concerning the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee to the Committee on War Claims. on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. BALL of Delaware: A bill (H. R. 11530) granting an By Mr. BROWNLOW: Petition of the heir of Jacob Shelton, increase of pension to William J. Williams-to the Committee on deceased, late of Tennessee, for reference of war claim to the Invalid Pensions. Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 11531) to correct the military record of Wil­ By Mr. BRUNDIDGE: Petition of James H. Merritt, of De­ liam J. MeN att-to the Committee on Military Affairs. witt, Ark., praying reference of war claim to the Court of Also, a bill (H. R. 11532) to remove the charge of desertion from Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. the military service of John Gilsenen-to the Committee on Mili­ By Mr. BURKE of South Dakota: Resolution of the Typograph­ tary Affairs. ical Union No. 218, of Sioux Falls, S.Dak., favoring the Chinese­ By Mr. BROUSSARD: A bill (H. R. 11533) for the relief of exclusion act and the restriction of immigration-to the Commit- Remy Bagary, of Iberia Parish, La.-to the Committee on War tee on Foreign Affairs. · Claims. Also, resolution of Silas A. Strickland Post, No. 127, of Hot By Mr. PERKINS: A bill (H. R. 11534) for the relief of Hugh Springs, S.Dak., favoring the construction of war ships at the McGuckin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. BURLESON: Resolution of Trades Council of Austin, PETITIONS, ETC. Tex .. favoring the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Under clause 1 of Rule XXll, the following petitions' and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. CORLISS: Resolution of Tobacco Workers' U~ion of By the SPEAKER: Petitions of E. C. Little Post, No. 54; Sam Detroit, Mich., favoring the construction of war vesse!B 1n Gov­ Rice Post, No.6, Department of Iowa; William McKee Post, No. ernment navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. 110; Blythedale Post, No. 551; Marion Post, No. 119; Andy Mar­ By Mr. COWHERD: Papers to accompany House bill 11424, tin Post, No. 259, Department of Missouri; E. C. D. West Post, granting a pension to Mrs. A. Crismas, wife of Hiram Dickinson­ No. 168; James A. Garfield Post, No. 46, Department of Maine; to the Committee on Pensions. G. W. Larrimore Post, No. 445; Joseph Cross Post, No. 691; T. J. By Mr. CUSHMAN: Petition of the Alaska Chamber of Com­ Stanley Post, No. 295, Department of Ohio; Lincoln Post, Charles­ merce, of Juneau, Alaska, relative to desired legislation for the town, N. H.; Live Eagle Post, Fullerton, Nebr.; L. S. Payne district of Alaska-to the Committee on the Territories. Post, North Tonawanda, N. Y.; J. W. Thornburg Post, Odon, By Mr. EMERSON: Resolutions of Cigar Makers' Union No. Ind.; Eli Berlin Post, East Hickory, Pa.; A. H. Dutton Post, Wal­ 279, of Plattsburg, N.Y., in favor of the reenactment of Chinese­ lingford, Conn.; Caldwell Post, Lake City, Mich.; John A. Logan exclusion act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Post, Ashaway, R.I., Grand Army of the Republic, for investi­ Also, papers in support of House bill3516, granting an increase gation of the administration of the Bureau of Pensions-to the of pension to 0. F. Cheney-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Committee on Rules. sions. By Mr. ACHESON: Petition of Ripper Lodge, No. 263, of Wash­ Also, paper to accompany House bill4799, granting a pension to ington, Pa., favoring the building of vessels in the United States Mrs. S. A. Fay-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. . Also, papers to accompany House bill 7238 for the relief of Wil­ Also, resolution of Ripper Lodge, of Washington, Pa., for ex­ liam Brown-to the Committee on Military Affairs. clusion of Chinese-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Also, papers to accompany House bill11489, granting an increase Also, petition of the First Reformed Presbyterian Church of of pension to William D. West-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Beaver Falls, Pa., in opposition to the reenactment of Chinese­ sions. exclusion law-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. ESCH: Resolution of the Lake Seamen's Union, against By Mr. ADAMSON: Petition of Garment Makers' Union No. Chinese labor-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 63, of Columbus, Ga., in favor of the reenactment of Chinese­ Also, resolution of the Lake Seamen's Union, in opposition to exclusion act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. House bill7189, changing the name of the United States Marine­ By Mr. ALEXANDER: Resolution of Tile Layers' Union No. Hospital Service-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign 5, and Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association No.1, Buffalo, Commerce. N.Y., in favor of laws restricting immigration-to the Commit­ By Mr. FITZGERALD: Petition of Central Tea Growers an~ tee on Immigration and Naturalization. Traders' Association, of Japan, for the repeal of the tax on tea-to By Mr. BABCOCK: Resolution of Will Hickok Post, No. 134, the Committee on Ways and Means. Grand Army of the Republic, Bloomington, Wis., favoring the Also, petition of New York Retail Grocers' Union, protesting const111ction of Government vessels in navy-yards-to the Com­ against the removal of the duty on teas-to the Committee on mittee on Naval Affairs. Ways and Means. By Mr. BARTHOLDT: Resolutions of Broom Makers' Union Also, resolution of the Oklahoma City Commercial Club, urging No. 45 , and Badge and Lodge Paraphernalia Makers' Union No. the admission of Oklahoma and Indian Territory as a single State 9136, Iron Molders' Union No. 7413, National Building Trades of the Union-to the Committee on the Ten-itories. Council, and Carpenters and Joiners' Union No. 51, of St. Louis, By Mr. FOERDERER: Resolution of National Building Trade~ 1894 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 18,

Council, favoring the reenactment of the Chinese-exclusion act­ Also, petition of the heir of John B. Almond, deceased, of Page to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. County, Va., for reference of war claim to the Court of Claims­ Also, resolution of the National Building Trades Council, in re­ to the Committee on War Claims. lation to the sale of public lands and the irrigation of arid lands­ Also, petition of Branon Thatcher, of Frederick County, Va., to the Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands. for reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Com­ Also, resolutions of the United Retail tGrocers' Association of mittee on War Claims. B1·ooklyn, and New York Retail Grocers' Union, of New York By Mr. HEMENWAY. Resolution of Post No. 139, Grand City, in relation to the duty on tea-to the Committee on Ways Army of the Republic, of Fulsomville, Ind., favoring the con­ and Means. struction of war vessels in Gove1'111D.ent navy-yards-to the Com· Also, resolution of the executive board of the .Amerioan Lace mittee on Naval Affairs. Curtain Operatives' UniDn of Philadelphia, Pa., favoring the ex­ Also, resolution of the Tinners' Union No. 96, of Evansville, clusion of Chinese-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Ind., concerning the reenactment of the Chinese-e~clnsion act­ Also, resolutions of the Grocers and Importers' Exchange of to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Philadelphia, urging the creation of a department of commerce .Also, resolution of Iron Molders' Union No. 51, of Evansville, and industries-to the Committee on Inte1·state and Foreign Com­ Ind., for an educational test in the restriction of immigration­ merce. to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Also, resolutions of the Grocers and Importers' Exchange of By Mr. HENRY of Connecticut: Resolution of Carpenters' Philadelphia, favoring Cuban reciprocity-to the Committee on Union No. 757, of South Manchester, Conn., American Federation Ways and Means. of Labor, concerning the construction of Government vessels in By Mr. FOSS: Resolutions of the National Tea Duty Repeal navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Association, in relation to the duty on teas-to the Committee on Also, resolution of Unity Lodge, No. 4:36, of New Britain, Conn., Ways and Means. favoring the passage of the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Com­ Also, petition of officers of societies, protesting against the en­ mittee on Foreign Affairs. actment of any law to exclude honest, able-bodied foreigners By Mr. HILL: Resolutions of Cigar :Makers' Unions Nos. 139, of from immigrating to this country-to the Committee on Immigra­ Long Hill, Conn., and 130, of Danbury, Conn., favoring the con­ tion and Nn.tm·aliza.tion. tinuation of the exclusion law against Chinese laborers-to the By Mr. FOWLER: Petition of the Presbytery of New Bruns­ Committee on Foreign Affairs. wick, N.J., against the repeal of the anticanteen law-to the Also, resolutions of Carpenters' Unions Nos. 216, of Torrington; Committee on Military Affairs. and 115~ of Bridgeport; Typ~omphlcal Union No. 143 and Iron Also, petition of Chicago and Northwestern Railway Telegra­ Mold8Ts' Union No. 110, of Danbury; Sheet Metal Workers' phers. Division No. 76, and Cigar Makers' Union No. 427, of Rah­ Lodge No. 127, of South Norwalk, Conn., for restriction of immi­ way, N.J., for the restriction of illitet·ate immigrants-to the gration, etc.-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturaliza­ Committee on Immigmtion and Naturalization. tion. Also, petition of Board of Chosen Fl·eehold&s of Hudson County, By Mr. HOWELL: Petition of Cigar Makers' Union No. 14.6, N. J., concerning the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee on of New Brunswick, N. J., for the restriction of illiterate immi­ Foreign Affairs. grants-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Also, resolutions of Typographical Union No. 23, of Rahway, Also, resolutions of Hiawatha Council, Junior Order United N.J., and American Wire Weavers' Protective Association, of American Mechanics, of East Millstone, N. J., relating to the Belleville, N. J., favoring the construction of war ships at the suppression of anarchy-to the Committee on the Judiciary. navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, petition of Cigar Makers' Union No. 14:6, of New Bruns­ By Mr. GAINES of Tennessee: Petition of Rock City Division, wick, N.J., favoring the reenactmeut of the Chinese-exclusion No. 135, Order of Railway Conductors, Nashville, Tenn., praying act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. for the further restriction of immigration-to the Committee on By Mr. JACKSON of Kansas: Resolution of Union No. 157, of Immigration and Naturalization. Pittsburg, Kans., for the reenactment of the Chinese-exclusion By Mr. GILLET of New York: Petition of Gregory Post, No. law-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 64:9, Grand .Army of the Republic, Department of New York, for By Mr. LITTAUER: Papers to accompany House bill correct­ investigation of the administration of the Bureau of Pensions­ ing the military record of SenecaS. Van Ness-to the Committee to the Committee on Rules. on Military Affairs. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition ofthe United. Presbyterian Church By :Mr. LITTLE: Petition of J. M. Cooper, heiratlawof M.arie of Sewickley, Pa., in opposition to the exclusion of Chinese-to Cooper, deceased, late of Saline County Ark., for reference of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Also, resolution of Merchants' .Association of New York, in Claims. favor of the establishment of reciprocal relations with Cuba-to Also, petition of Susan Allen, heir at law of L~c T. Epler, de­ the Committee on Ways and Means. ceased, late of Sebastian County Ark. for reference of war claim Also, resolution of the Oklahoma City Commercial Club, Ter­ to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. ritory of Oklahoma, in favor of single statehood for Oklahoma Also, petition of John B. Clark, heir at law of Asa Clark, de­ and Indian Territories-to the Committee on the Territories. ceased, late of Fort Smith Ark., for reference of war claim to the Also, petition of S. Saito, for the repeal of the duty on tea-to Court of Claims-to the Committee on War ClaimB. the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. LITTLEFIELD: Petition of Lewiston (Me.) post-office By Mr. GREENE of Mas aehusetts: Resolution of Nationru clerks, m·ging the passage of Honse bill52-86, for the reclassifica­ Building Trades Council, Worcester, Mass., and Boot and Shoe tion of sabri~s-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ Workers' Union No. 238, of New Bedford, Mass., in favor of the Roads. reenactment of Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee on For­ Also, resolution of Union No. 273, of Rockland, Me., for there­ eign Affairs. enactment of the Chinese exclusion law-to the Committee on .. Also, resolutions of the National Building Trades Council, held Foreign Affairs. . at Worcester, Mass., in relation to the leasingDf public lands, By Mr. LOUDENSLAGER: Resolution of Glass Bottle Blow­ inigation, and homesteads-to the Committee on the Public ers' Association, of Woodbury, N.J., and American Flint Glass Lands. Workers' Union of Millville, N.J., favoring the enaciment of a Also, resolution of the National Association of Machinists, law excluding the Chinese without limitation from this country­ Boston, Mass., favoring the construction of war ships at the to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. navy-vards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By .Mr. MAHONEY: Petitions of H. C. Valentine and numer­ By Mr. GRIFFITH: Resolution of Indianapolis Division, No. ous other citizens of Chicago, ill., and of the Fifth Congressional 11, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, of Indianapolis, Ind., district of illinois, in behalf of such intervention on the part of in support of Senate bill1118, limiting the meaning of the word the United States for the cessation of hostilities in the Transva~l "conspiracy," etc.-to the Committee on the Judiciary. as may reestablish peace upon honorable terms-to the Commit· By Mr. HAUGEN: Resolution of Hughes Post, No.l68, Grand tee on Foreign Affairs. Army of the Republic, Decorah, Iowa, for the construction of war By Mr. McCULLOCH: Petition of Mary Johnson, of Cross vessels in Government navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval County. Ark., for reference of war claim to the Court of Claims­ Affairs. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, t'esolution of Brotherhood of Locomotive Enooineers, Divi­ Also, petition of C. G. Dorris, heir at law of Othello E. Dorris, sion No. 117, of Mason City Iowa favoring restriction of undesir­ deceased late of St. Francis County, .Al·k., praying reference of able immigration-to the Committee on Immigration and Natu­ war claim to Com't of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. ralization. Also, petition of W. R. Hicks, heir at law of J. C. Hill, deceased, By Mr. HAY: Petition of George W. Bromley, of Frederick late of St. Francis County, Ark., praying reference of war claim County. Va .. for refe1·ence of war claim to the Cow-t of Claims­ to Com.·t of Claims--to the Committee on War Claims. to the C(Jmmit tee on War Claims. By Mr· McANDREWS: Sundry petitions of citizens of the 1902. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 1895

Fourth Congressional district of lllinois, in behalf of snch inter- the Chinese-exclusion law and favoring an educational test in the vention on the part of the United States for th~ cessation of restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. hostilities in the Transvaal as may reestablish peace upon honor- .Also, resolutions of the New York Retail Grocers' Union, in able terms-to the Committee on For~ign Affairs. relation to the removal of the duty on teas-to the Committee on Also, petition of J on:rneymen Plasterers of Chicago, ill., favor- Ways and Means. . ing restriction of und-esirable immigration-to the Committee on By Mr. SCHIRM: Resolution of Amalgamated Woodworkers' Immigration and Naturalization. , Union No.6, of Baltimore, Md., favoring the Chinese-exclusion Also, petition of th~ West Side Woman's Christi.a:n Temperance act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Union, of Chicago ill., and the Metropolitan Church of Christ, of By Jltlr. SCOTT: Resolution of Western Retail Implement and Chicago, for the abolition of the saloon in the island possessions Vehicle Dealers' Association, held in Kansas City, Mo., against of the United States-to the Committee on Alcohop.c Liquor House bill 6578, known as the parcels.. post bill-to the Committee Traffic. on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. McRAE: Petition of John Q. Taylor, of Arkansas, pray- By Mr. SHALLENBERGER: PetitionofClearman&liinesand ing reference of war claim to Court of Claims-to the Committee 6 other merchants of Heartwell, Nebr., against Honse bill6578, on War Claims. known as the parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post­ Also, petition of W. P. Barton, heir at law of J, W. Barton, Office arid Post-Roads. deceased, of Clark County, Ark., praying reference of war claim By Mr. SHERMAN: Papers to accompany House bill 11337, to Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. for the relief of the legal representatives of .James and Milton By Mr. MERCER: Resolution of Sedgwick Post, No. 1, Grand Caldwell-to the Committee on War Claims. Army of the Republic, Omaha, Nebr., favoring the construction Also, resolution of Mailers' Union No. 19, of Utica, N.Y., in of war vessels in Governm-ent navy-yards-to the Committee on favor of the reenactment of Chinese-exclusion act-to the Com- Naval Affairs. mittee on Foreign Affairs. Also, resolutions of Sheep Butchers' Union, Beef Butchers' Also, resolution of Amalgamated Leather Workers' Union No. Union and Stationery Firemen, of South Omaha; Theatrical 10, o.f LittlefalLs, N. Y.rpraying for the further restiiction of im­ Stage Employees' Union of Omaha Nebr., for the reenactment of migration-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Also, protest of the Quapaw tribe of Indians, of Indian Terri- By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: Resolutions of Grand Army of the tory, against the annexation of Indian Territory-to the Commit­ Republic post at Freedom, Ind., favoring the building of war ves- tee on Indian Affairs. sels in the navy-yards-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. . By Mr. SNOOK: Resolution of Ciga1' Makers' Union l{o. 166, By Mr. NORTON: Resolution of Jaqueth Post, No. 196, Grand of Defiance, Ohio, praying for the further restlicti.on of immigra­ Army of the Republic, Sycamore·, Ohio, favoring the construction tion-to th.e Oommtttee on Immigration and Naturalization. of war vessels in Government navy-yards-to the Committee on Also, resolution of the National Building Trades Council of Naval Affairs.. America, concerning the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Committee Also, resolution of National :Rrotherhood. of Operative Potters, on Foreign Affairs. Tiffin, Ohio, and Iron Mold€rs' Union of Bucyrus, Ohio, favoring Also, resolutions of National Building Trades Council of St. exch:mion of the Chinese from the United States and our insular Louis, Mo., favoring irrigation of arid lands-to the Committee possessions-t6 the Committee on Foreign Affairs. on Irrigation of Arid Lands. · AI , resolution of Iron Molders' Union No. 352, Bucyrus, Ohio, Also, resolutions adopted by th.e Addison Clark Post, Grand favoring an edu~atiDnal test in th~ restliction of immigration- Army of the Republic, o.f Ohio, favoring the construction of n.aval to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. vessels at the Government navy-yards~to the Committee on Naval Also, petition in support of House bill5192, granting an increase Affairs. of pension to John English-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- By Mr. SPERRY: Resolution of Excelsior Lodge, No. 259, of sions. Derby, Conn.: fav01ing the Chinese-exclusion act-to the Com- Also, papers to accompany House bill 7836, granting an in- mittee on Foreign Affairs. crease of pension to Wilson H. Davis-to the Committee on Pen- By Mr. STARK: Papers in support of House bill10023, g.r.anting sions. an increase of pension to William Mills, Beatrice, Nebr.-to the Also, petition of Joseph A. Van Pelt, to accompany House bill Committee on Invalid Pensions. 10963, granting him a pension-to the Committee oninvalidPen- By Mr. STEWART of New York: Papers to accompanyHouse Siona. bill No. 11521, relating to the correction of the military record of By J'tlr. PATTERSON of Pennsylvania: Petition of Retail Wesley Mickel~to the Committee on Military Affairs. Clerks' Union No. 469, Shenandoah, Pa., American Federation of By Mr. SULLOWAY: Petitions of the Woman's Christian Tern­ Labor, favoring the construction of war ships at the navy-yards- perance U nionB of Sanbornville, Manchester Nottingham, Water to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Village, Tilton, and Northwood, all of New Hampshire, favoring Also resolution of United Brewery Workmen's Union, of Potts- the adoption of an antipolygamy amendment to the Constitution­ ville. Pa., for the reenactment of the Chinese-exclusion law-to to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. WOODS: Resolution of Stockton Federated Trades, for By Mr. PATTERSON of Tennessee: Resolution of Memphis the reenactment of the Chinese-exclusion law-to the Committee Cotton Exchange, Memphis, Tenn., favoring improvement of F · Ace • rivers and harbors-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. on 1 ormgn .l1.liarrs. By :Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of B. J. Crosswait Also, resolution of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, Post, No. 150, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Indi- Cal., favoring a light and fog-signal station at Point Buchon, Cali­ ana, for investigation of the administration of the Bureau of fornia, and also at a point on Karquines Strait, California-to the Pensions-to the Committee on Rules. Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Also, resolution of Steam Engineers' UnionNo.19, Fort Wayne, Also, resolution of the Chamber of Commel'ce of San Francisco, Ind. favoling the Chinese-exclusion act-t.o the Committee on urging favorable consideration of the bill which provides fo-r a Foreign Affairs. reorganization of the consular service-to the Committee on Also, petition of James Butler, of Gage, Ind. for reciprocal Foreign Affairs. trade relations withCuba-totheCommitteeon WaysandMeans. By Mr. YOUNG: Petition of S. Saito, Washington, D. C., for By Mr. REID: Petition of Mrs.l\I. J. Spake, of Pulaski County, the repeal.of the duty on teas-to the Committee on Ways and Ark., for reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Means. Committee on War Claims. Also, resolutions of New York Retail Grocers' Union, against · Also, petition of Mrs. R. M. Scruggs, heir at law of Mary Le- repeal of duty on tea-to the Committee an Ways and 1\Ieans. fevre, deceased, late of Pulaski County, .Ark., for reference of waT Also, resqlutions of the N a tiona! Building Trades Council of claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. St. Louis, Mo., and of Local Union No. 114, of Ottumwa, Iowa, By J.Ir. RICHARDSON of Alabama~ Papers to accompany favoring the exclusion of the Chinese-to the Committee on For­ Rouse bill5609, for the relief of Sallie C. Smith-to the Commit- eign Affairs. tee on War Claims. Also, resolutions of National Building Trades Council of Amer- Also, papers in support of House bill 7844, providing for the ica, favoring the irrigation of the arid lands of the United States­ erection of a public building in the city of Florence, Ala.-to the to the Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands. Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Also, petition of the Grocers and Importers' Exchange of Phila- By Mr. ROBB: PaJ>ers to accompany House bill for the relief delphia, favoring a reciprocity treaty with Cuba-to the Commit- of George Kinnard-to the Committee on War Claims. tee on.Ways and Means. Also, papers to accompany House bill 4128, granting a pension Also, I'esolutions of the Grocers and Importers' Exchange of ro Rhoda Burnham-to the Committee on Invalid PenaioiLS. Philadelphia,. Pa.., urging the creation of a department of com- By Mr. RUPPERT: Resolution of the Amalgamated Wood merce and industries-to the Committee on Interstate and For• Workers' Union No. 92, of Clinton, Iowa, for the reenactment of eign Commerce. ~ .

1896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY _19,

Also, resolutions of G. W. Childs Division 353, Brotherhood of diana, praying for the repeal of the so-called desert-land law Locomotive Engineers, Philadelphia, Pa., in favor of laws re­ and also for the commutation clause of the homestead act; which stricting immigration-to the Committee on Immigration and were referred to the Committee on Public Lands. Naturalization. He also presented petitions of Hackelman Post, No. 64, of. Also, papers to accompany House bill for the removal of the Brookville; of Harrison Cathcart Post, No. 117, of Bristol, De­ charge of desertion from the military record of George W. Smith­ partment of Indiana, Grand Army of the Republic; of Elwood to the Committee on Military Affairs. Typographical Union, No. 331, of Elwood; of Friendship Lodge, No. 70, of Fort Wayne, and of Journeymen Horseshoers' Local Union No. 81, of the American Federation of Labor, all in the SENATE. State of Indiana, praying for the enactment of legislation author­ WEDNESDAY, Februar-y 19, 1902. izing the construction of war vessels in the navy-yards of the country; which were referred to the Committee on Naval Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. ·- ­ Affairs. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ Mr. McMILLAN presented a petition of sundry business men ceedings, when, on request of Mr. KEAN, and by unanimous con- of Detroit, Mich., prayin~ for the establishment of reciprocal sent, the fm-ther reading was dispensed with. · trade relations with the Dominion of Canada; which was re­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the Jour­ ferred to the Committee on Relations with Canada. nal will stand approved. Mr. WETMORE presented a petition of Farragut Post, No. 8, PRINTING OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORTS. Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Rhode Island, of The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Providence, R. I., praying for the enactment of ,legislation au­ munication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a thorizing the construction of war vessels in the navy-yards of letter from the Director of the Geological Survey calling atten­ the country; which was referred to the Committee on Naval tion to the advisability of a change in existing law regarding the Affairs. Mr. PERKINS presented petitions of United Metal Workers' printing of his annual report, etc., which,· with the acc9mpany­ Union No. 47, Granite Cutters' National Union, of Raymond; of ing papers, was referred to the Committee on the Geological the Federated Trades Union, American Federation of Labor, of Survey, and ordered to be printed. Stockton; of the Marine Cooks and Stewards' Association of the PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Pacific Coast, of San Francisco, and of the Chamber of Com­ Mr. KEAN presented the memorial of Mrs. Joel Borton, of New merce and Merchants' Exchange of San Francisco, all in the Jersey, remonstrating against the regulation and control of vice State of California, praying for the reenactment of the Chinese­ by the board of health of Manila; which was referred to the exclusion law; which were referred to the Committee on Immi­ Committee on the Philippines. gration. He also presented a petition of Hiawatha Council, No. 110, He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Junior Order United American Mechanics, of East Millstone, San Francisco, Cal., praying for the adoption of certain changes N.J., praying for the enactment of legislation to suppress an­ in the consular service; which was ordered to lie on the table. archy; which was ordered to lie on the table. He also presented a petition of the Chamber of Commerce and He also presented a petition of Cigar Makers' Local Union No. Merchants' Exchange of San Francisco, Cal., praying for the 427, American Federation of Labor, of Rahway, N.J., praying enactment of legislation granting unrestricted entrance into the for the enactment of legislation authorizing the construction of United States to all members of the mercantile class of Chinese, war vessels in the navy-yards of the country; which was referred such as salesmen, clerks, buyers, bookkeepers, accountants, man­ to the Committee on Naval Affairs. agers, storekeepers, bankers. and cashiers; which was referred to He also presented petitions of Monitor Council, No. 83, of Hack­ the Committee on Immigration. ettstown; of Speedwell Council, No. 227, of Morristown, Junior Mr. NELSON presented a petition of the Chamber of Com­ Order United American Mechanics, and of Federal Labor Union merce of St. Paul Minn., praying that an appropriation be made No. 7211, American Federation of Labor, of Dover, all in the for the construction of reservoirs in the arid regions of the coun­ State of New Jersey, praying for the reenactment of the Chinese­ try; which was referred to the Committee on Irrigation and exclusion law; which were referred to the Committee on Immi Reclamation of Arid Lands. gration. Mr. HAWLEY presented a petition of sundry citizens of Mr. FAIRBANKS presented a petition of the Quarterly Meet­ Watertown, Conn., praying that generous treatment be accorded ing of Friends, of Westfield, Ind., praying for the enactment of the inhabitants of Cuba and the Philippines; which was referred legislation to prohibit the sale of firearms and intoxicating liquors to the Committee on Finance. in the island possessions of the United States; which was ordered He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Watertown to lie on the table. Conn., praying for the ratification of reciprocity treaties with He also presented petitions of Division No. 11, Brotherhood of foreign countries; which was referred to the Committee on For­ Locomotive Engineers, of Indianapolis, and of Division No. 221, eign Relations. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, of Huntington, in the Mr. DIETRICH presented petitions of sundry citizens of Dor­ State of Indiana, praying for the passage of the so-called Hoar Jey, Omaha, Blackbird, .M~ek, Knoxville, Be~evue , Fairburg, anti-injunction bill to limit the meaning of the word "con­ and of the Woman's Christian Temperance Umon of Fairburg spiracy" and the use of "restraining orders and injunctions" in all in the State of Nebraska, praying for the adoption of a~ certain cases; which were ordered to lie on the table. amendment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which were He also presented the petition of Katherine H. Day and sundry referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. other members of the Home Missionary Society of the Presby­ He also presented a petition of the Omaha Associatioo of Credit terian Church, of Indianapolis, Ind., praying for the adoption of Men, of Omaha, Nebr., praying for the adoption of certain amend­ an amendment to the Constitution to prohibit polygamy; which ments to the present bankruptcy law; which was referred to the was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. He also presented petitions of Steam Engineers' Local Union He also presented a petition of Cigar Makers' Local Union No. No. 19, of Fm-t Wayne; of Cigar Makers' Local Union No. 221. 276, of Plattsmouth, Nebr., praying for the reenactment of the of South Bend; of Local Branch No. 61, Glass Bottle Blowers' Chinese-exclusion law; which was referred to the Committee on Union of Gas City, and of W. C. Beaty and sundry other citi­ Immigration. · zens of Linton, all- in the State of Indiana, praying for the reen­ He also presented petitions of Local Union No. 82, Brotherhood actment of the Chinese-exclusion law; which were referred to the of Stationary Firemen, of Omaha; of Carpenters and Joiners' Committee on Immigration. Local Union No. 427, of Omaha; of Local Union No. 180 Inter­ He also presented a petition of the Goshen Milling Company, of national Association of Ma-chinists, of North Platte; of Omaha Goshen, Ind., praying for the a-d~ption of certain amendments ~ Typographical Union, No. 190, of Omaha; of Carpenters and the interstate-commerce law; which was referred to the Commit­ Joiners' Local Union No. 113, of Lincoln, and of Cigar Makers' tee on Interstate Commerce. Local Union No. 276, of Plattsmouth, all of the American Fed­ He also presented the petitions of Charley Thornton and sundry eration of Labor, in the State of Nebraska, praying for the en­ other citizens of BTistol; of Z. T. Strong and sundry other citizens actment of legislation authorizing the construction of war ves­ of :Muncie; of I. 0. Grimes, of Martinsburg, and of L. D. Pierle, sels in the navy-yards of the country; which were referred to of Martinsburg, all in the State of Indiana, praying for the pas­ the Committee on Naval Affairs. sage of the so-called Grout bill to regulate the manufacture and He also presented petitions of Buford Post, No. 23, of Central sale of oleomargarine; which were referred to the Committee on City; of Rising City Post, No. 20, of Rising City; of Local Post Agriculture and Forestry. No. 155, of Kenesaw; of Neligh Post., No. 68, of Neligh, and of He also presented petitions of Local Union No. 652, United Lyon Post, No. 11, of Grand Island, all of the Department of Ne­ Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, of Elwood, and <>f t-he braska, Grand Army of the Republic, in the State of Nebraska Trades and Labor Council of Fort Wayne, in the State of In- praying that preference be given to veterans in the employment