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Arab Israeli Relations

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Arab Israeli Relations ARAB-ISRAELI RELATIONS SUBJECT READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Zionist Movement and Recognition of Israel Wells Stabler 1944-1950 Vice Consul, Jerusalem 1950-1953 Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Washington, DC 1957-1960 Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs Washington, DC Gerald A. Drew 1950-1952 United States Minister, Jordan Slator Clay Blackiston, JR. 1953-1956 Political Officer, Jerusalem 1956-1957 Desk Officer for Jordan and Israel Washington, DC James N. Cortada 1955-1959 Economic/Commercial Officer, Cairo Alfred Leroy Atherton, JR. 1965-1974 Deputy Director Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC 1974-1978 Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1978-1979 Ambassador-at-large, Middle East Negotiations 1979-1983 Ambassador, Egypt William Andreas Brown 1988-1992 Ambassador, Israel 1956 War Eugene H. Bird 1955 Jordan-Israel Desk Officer, Washington, DC John H. Kean 1958-1960 USAID, Officer in Charge of Egypt, Syria (UAR) and Sudan, Washington DC Richard A. Dwyer 1960-1963 Economic/Commercial Officer, Damascus The Six Day War 1 Michael E. Sterner 1960-1964 Political Officer, Cairo 1964-1966 Arab-Israeli Desk Officer Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1970-1974 Director of Egyptian Affairs Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1976-1979 Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC Marhsall W. Wiley 1963-1965 Economics Officer, Amman William N. Dale 1964-1968 Deputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv Dayton S. Mak 1964-1969 Deputy Chief of Mission, Beirut Mark C. Lissfelt 1965-1967 Staff Aide/Commercial Officer Tel Aviv, Jerusalem Justice Arthur J.Goldberg 1965-1968 Ambassador, United Nations, New York, NY George Quincey Lumsden 1965-1967 Chief of Consular and Political Section, Amman Anthony J. Perna 1965-1969 Air Attaché, Tel Aviv James K. Bishop, Jr. 1966-1968 Commercial Officer, Beirut Edward Gibson Lanpher 1967-1969 Rotation Officer, Tel Aviv Teresita C. Schaffer 1967-1969 Rotation Aide, Tel Aviv Chester E. Beaman 1967 Deputy Chief of Mission, Damascus Black September Slator Clay Blackiston, Jr. 1967-1969 Economics Officer, Amman Richard E. Undeland 1970-1974 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Amman Richard B. Parker 1977-1978 Ambassador, Lebanon 2 Johnny Young 1983-1985 Administrative Counselor, Amman 1973 war Michael E. Sterner 1960-1964 Political Officer, Cairo 1964-1966 Arab-Israeli Desk Officer Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC 1970-1974 Director of Egyptian Affairs Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC 1976-1979 Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC Alfred Leroy Atherton, JR. 1965-1974 Deputy Director, Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1974-1978 Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1978-1979 Ambassador-at-Large, Middle East Negotiations 1979-1983 Ambassador, Egypt Walter B. Smith II 1970 Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC 1971-1974 Chief, Political Section, Tel Aviv 1974-1978 Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC David M. Ransom 1970-1973 Jordan Desk Officer, Washington, DC Arthur R. Day 1972-1975 Consul General, Jerusalem Edward G. Abington 1972-1975 Political Officer, Tel Aviv Nicholas A. Veliotes 1973-1975 Deputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv 1977-1978 Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC 3 Sinai field mission Owen W. Roberts 1976-1979 Sinai Field Mission, Sinai C. William Kontos 1976-1980 Director, Sinai Support Mission,Washington, DC Samuel W. Lewis 1977-1984 Ambassador, Israel William Jeffras Dietrich 1979-1982 Press Attaché, USIS, Tel Aviv William Andreas Brown 1979-1982 Deputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv, Israel Camp David Accords & Israel-Egypt Peace Process Alfred H. Moses 1956-1980 Lawyer, Covington & Burling, Washington, DC Alfred Leroy Atherton, JR. 1965-1974 Deputy Director Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1974-1978 Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC 1978-1979 Ambassador-at-large, Middle East Negotiations 1979-1983 Ambassador, Egypt Edmund James Hull 1975-1979 Political Officer, Jerusalem Donald A. Kruse 1976-1980 Deputy Principal Officer, Jerusalem Samuel F. Hart 1977-1980 Economic & Commercial Counselor, Tel Aviv Samuel W. Lewis 1977-1984 Ambassador, Israel David G. Newton 1978-1981 Deputy Chief of Mission, Damascus Robert W. Duemling 1980-1982 Sinai Field Mission, Sinai David N. Greenlee 1980-1982 Political Officer, Tel Aviv Brandon H. Grove Jr. 1980-1983 Consul General, Jerusalem 4 Israel invasion of Lebanon Nicholas A. Veliotes 1973-1975 Deputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv 1977-1978 Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC Edward G. Abington 1975-1977 Staff Aide to Assistant Secretary Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Washington, DC Morris Draper 1976-1978 NEA, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Washington, DC Samuel W. Lewis 1977-1984 Ambassador, Israel William Jeffras Dietrich 1979-1982 Press Attaché, USIS, Tel Aviv William Andreas Brown 1979-1982 Deputy Chief of Mission, Tel Aviv, Israel Richard E. Undeland 1979-1983 Public Affairs Officer, Damascus Brandon H. Grove Jr. 1980-1983 Consul General, Jerusalem Robert S. Dillon 1981-1983 Ambassador, Lebanon John M. Reid 1981-1983 Public Affairs Officer, USIS, Beirut Richard N. Viets 1981-1984 Ambassador, Jordan Arthur S. Berger 1982-1986 Embassy Spokesman, Tel Aviv First Intifada Morris Draper 1986-1988 Consul General, Jerusalem William A. Pierce 1987-1989 Deputy Public Affairs Officer Bureau of Near East Affairs, Washington, DC Roscoe S. Suddarth 1987-1990 Ambassador, Jordan Phillip C. Wilcox, JR. 1988-1991 Consul General, Jerusalem William Andreas Brown 1988-1992 Ambassador, Israel David Winn 1989-1992 Deputy Consul General, Jerusalem Madrid conference 5 Brandon H. Grove Jr. 1980-1983 Consul General, Jerusalem William Andreas Brown 1988-1992 Ambassador, Israel Douglas R. Keene 1991-1994 Deputy Chief of Mission, Amman Zionist Movement and Recognition of Israel WELLS STABLER Vice Consul Jerusalem (1944-1950) Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC (1950-1953) Bureau of Near East Affairs Washington, DC (1957-1960) Ambassador Wells Stabler was born in Massachusetts on October 31, 1919. He received a bachelor’s degree from Harvard University in 1941 and entered the Foreign Service in the same year. His career included positions in Israel, Jordan, Italy, France, and Washington, DC, and an ambassadorship to Spain. Ambassador Stabler was interviewed by Charles Stuart Kennedy in 1991 Q: You know, it is hard to recreate the time, but it really took a decade or so for the real enormity of what had happened to the Jews and others in Europe during the war to sink in. The Foreign Service came pretty much from the educated class in the United States and was not particularly responsive to the Jew in the United States. I can recall hearing, not so much in college, but in prep school, anti-Semitic jokes. At that time, particularly with turmoil obviously beginning to come with ships docking all the time, was there an annoyance with the Zionist movement? STABLER: For one thing, for those of us who were serving in Palestine, it was clear that in a demographic sense that the majority of the residents of Palestine were Arabs. There were about a 6 million and a half people in Palestine of which about a million were Arabs and roughly 500,000 were Jews. So in the demographic sense, the majority was clearly Arab. On the other hand, as you drove around Palestine, which I did extensively, at all hours of the day and night, you couldn't help but marvel at what the Jews had produced in their part of Palestine along the coast in particular. It was a miracle what they had done agriculturally and to some extent industrially. They worked terribly hard. They were aggressive, of course, in terms of what they hoped to ultimately achieve. One probably didn't know at the outside a great deal of what had been happening in terms of the genocide in Germany. I happened to live part of the time in Jerusalem in a small apartment in a Jewish house. The owner was a marvelous woman who was a Dutch Jew, and who, after I left, unhappily was killed in one of these horrible terrorist actions where the Arabs shot up the bus in which she was in. You couldn't help but have great admiration at what they had done, but also you recognized that there was this constant encroachment on what was a demographic majority in the area. You couldn't help but be rather disgusted by some of the terrorism they pulled off in Palestine. A lot of one's British friends were killed as a result of incidents like King David, etc. Q: Was this really saying, "Here you Americans have been talking about Jewish homeland, etc. and this is your problem." STABLER: The Jewish homeland was what the British themselves had been talking about, the Balfour Declaration of 1917. But by 1947 there was clearly increased pressure in the United States because of what had happened in Germany which by then was fully known. There was real pressure of what do you do? We were not prepared to open up our immigration to let them all come into the States, so the next question was, "Where do they go?" By this time clearly the Zionist movement had decided that Palestine must become the national home for the Jews. Everything that they did was aimed at that time in terms of immigration to get them into Palestine. This was becoming a tremendously difficult thing for the British who had a large army, several divisions of troops, in Palestine. After all it is not a very large country, about 140 miles long and 70 miles wide. They had a tremendous concentration of first class British troops. And a fairly sizable police force which was composed of both Jews and Arabs, but the leadership was all British. I think you are quite right that part of it certainly was directed to the United States.
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