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1950

New York Law School 1950 Bulletin

New York Law School

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/bulletin NEW y ORK LA w SCHOOL ESTABLISHED 1891, INCORPORATED 1897

SUMMER -1950

244 William Street

(Civic Center) New Yorlt 7, N. Y.

~------NEW y ORK LA w SCHOOL ESTABLISHED 1891, INCORPORATED 1897

SUMMER-1950

"The law does not consist of particular cases, but of general principles which are illustrated and explained by these cases." -Lord Mansfield.

244 William Street

(Civic Center) Tim LAw ScaooL BurLDINC 244 William Street NewYork7,N.Y. (Situated one block East of the Municipal Building at th e inte r section of N ew Chambers, William, a nd Duane Streets.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Board of Trustees ------iv The 1947 Semi-Centenary Committee ------1 Charter ------8 Administrative Staff ------10 Faculty ------10 School Calendar-Summer 1950 ------12 History and Objectives - ---- 12 Method of Instruction-The So-Called "Dwight System" - 13 Law Office Placement Bureau ------17 Location and Facilities of the School ------17 Hours for School Office --- 18 Requirements for Admission 18 Matriculated Students 18 The Law School Year - 20 Fees ------21 Withdrawals 22 Dismissal and Discipline ----- 22 Scholarships ------22 Student Aid Fund ------23 Registration ------23 Program ------23 Late Registration - 24 Courses of Study - -- - - 24 Description of Courses Leading to Degree of LL.B. - 27 Special Lectures ------32 Special Study Projects ------32 Office and Court Study ------32 Moot Court ------33 Books ------33 Library ------33 Examinations and Grades - - - - - 34 Probationary Standing ------35 Attendance ------35 Special Requests ------36 Degrees, Examinations Therefor; Diplomas; Certificates - 36 Prizes ------37 Admission to the Bar of the State of New York - 40 Graduates, March, 1950 ------41 March, 1950 Prizes ------42 Register of Students - 44 Index ------55 Ill NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 1

The 1947 Semi-Centenary Committee A Semi-Centenary Committee, many of the members of which have attained distinction on the Bench and at the Bar, was formed under the chairmanship of Attorney General Nathaniel L. Goldstein, (now a trustee of New York Law School), of the class of '18, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the year in which the permanent charter of the Law School was received from the New York Legis­ Board of Trustees lature and to cooperate in the reopening and continuance of the Law School after a six-year period of inactivity due to the war. WILLIAM F. BLEAKLEY, THEODORE GRANIK, Former Justice, New York Member of the New York Bar Supreme Court The Committee conducted appropriate exercises at the Law CHARLES H. GRIFFITHS, School Building, 244 William Street, on Tuesday, December 16, ALBERT COHN, Surrogate of Westchester County, Associate Justice, Appellate Class of '10 1947, in the course of which enthusiasm was expressed concerning Division, New York Supreme the acquisition by the Law School of a permanent home in the most Court, First Department, Class EDWARD J. NEARY, of '08 Former New York State Director desirable section of New York City for law school purposes. Attorney of Veterans' Affairs, Class General Goldstein presided, and the following speakers were heard: DENIS O'L. COHALAN, of '15 Justice, New York Supreme Archibald R. Watson, President of the Law School and of its Court, Class of '04 FERDINAND PECORA, Justice, New York Supreme Board of Trustees; JAMES W. GERARD, Court, Class of '06 Former Justice, New York Su­ Former Court of Appeals Judge Samuel Seabury, class of '93; preme Court; Former Ambas­ RALPH O. WILLGUSS, sador to Germany, Class of '92 Member of the New York Bar, Associate Justice Albert Cohn, of the Appellate Division, Supreme Class of '08 NATHANIEL L. GOLDSTEIN, Court, First Department, class of '08; Attorney General of the State of ARCHIBALD R. WATSON, New York, Class of '18 President of the Board of Trustee, Supreme Court Justice Ferdinand Pecora, First District, class of '06; Supreme Court Justice Denis O'Leary Cohalan, First District, class of '04; Associate Judge Charles W. Froessel, of the New York Court of Appeals, class of '13; Albert G. Milbank, class of '98, of the firm of Milbank, Tweed, Hope and Hadley, trustee of Princeton University and of the Morgan Library; Former Governor David Scholtz, of Florida; Edwin M. Otterbourg, class of '06; of the firm of Otterbourg, Steindler, Houston and Rosen; iv 2 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 3

A. JOSEPH BITSKY, Esq., class of '33. Former Dean Edmund H. H. Caddy, class of '31. HARRY BLOOM, Esq., class of '10. It was regretted that Judge Jerome N. Frank, United States HoN. OWEN W. BOHAN, Judge, Court of GeDeral Sessions, County of New Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, could not be present at the exer­ York, class of '04. cises. However, Judge Frank transmitted a very significant memo­ EDWIN BORCHARD, Esq., Professor of Law, Yale University School of Law, randum which, when read to the audience by Mr. Watson, aroused class of 'OS. hearty applause. The text follows: HoN. JOHN C. BOYLAN, Surrogate, County of Richmond, class of '18. STEWART w. BOWERS, Esq., class of '18. I gladly salute the revived New York Law School. By adhering to an old orthodoxy, it is to-day the leading exponent WILLIAM C. BREED, Esq., class of '95. of what to many who went astray seems a new heresy. For it THOMAS F. J. BRENNAN, Esq., class of '92. remained sane when years ago the madness of the extreme case­ book method swept most of the law-school world. The sensible CARROLL H. BREWSTER, Esq., class of '10. element in that method it adopted, without relinquishing the LEON L. BRoF, Esq., class of '17. intelligent use of text-books. But it never turned its back on those invaluable lawyer-laboratories, the courtrooms and the law HoN. GEORGE E. BROWER, Official Referee, Supreme Court of the State of offices, to play with the legal paper dolls made by Langdell & Co. New York, class of '00. As a consequence, in this post-war era in which legal education HoN. THOMAS BROWN, former Judge, Superior Court of New Jersey, class is undergoing needed reconstruction, this school, possessed of a of 'OS. splendid past, as the Alma Mater of many distinguished judges and many lawyers of national and international reputation, has BERN BUDD, Esq., class of '10. a notable opportunity to achieve a unique future. ALFRED R. BUNNELL, Esq., class of '92. DANIEL BURKE, Esq., class of '96. The Semi-Centenary Committee of N cw York Law School, in JOSEPH A. BYRNE, Esq., class of '10. addition to Chairman Goldstein, class of '18, includes the following: EDMUND H. H. CADDY, Esq., former Dean, New York Law School, class of '31. HoN. PETER A. ABELES, Magistrate, City of New York, class of '12. HoN. JosEPH M. CALLAHAN, Associate Justice, Appellate Division, Supreme BERNARD L. ALDERMAN, Esq., class of '31. Court of the State of New York, First Department, class of '06. HoN. JOHN ALEXANDER, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, HoN. WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL, Surrogate, Schenectady County, class of 'lS. class of '09. CoL. WALTER JEFFREYS CARLIN, President and Chairman of the Board of the HoN. HOWARD W. AMELi, former U. S. Attorney, Eastern District of New Lafayette National Bank, class of '04. York, class of '05. C. M. CHESTER, Esq., Honorary Chairman, General Foods Corporation, class BENJAMIN ANTIN, Esq., class of '13. of '00. WILLIAM OTIS BADGER, class of '02. T. LUDLOW CHRYSTIE, Esq., class of '93. ROBERT BARKO, Esq., class of '16. HON. DENIS O'L. COHALAN, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, Trustee of New York Law School, class of '04. HoN. ]AMES W. BAILEY, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, HoN. S. HOWARD COHEN, former Commissioner of the Board of Elections, class of '15. class of '02. HoN. GEORGE J. BELDOCK, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York. HoN. ALBERT CmIN, Associate Justice, Appellate Division, Supreme Court of HoN. FELIX C. BENVENGA, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, the State of New York, First Department, Trustee of New York Law class of '12. School, class of '08. NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 4 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 5

HoN. BAINBRIDGE COLBY, former Secretary of State of the United States, HoN. JAMES W. GERARD, former Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New class of '92. York, former ambassador to Germany, Trustee of New York Law School, HoN. ASHLEY T. CoLE, Chairman New York State Racing Commission, Gen­ class of '92. eral Counsel Union Carbon and Carbide Corporation, class of 'OO. HoN. EDWARD J. GLENNON, Associate Justice, Appellate Division, Supreme HoN. EDWARD A. CONGER, Judge, United States District Court, Southern Court of the State of New York, First Department, class of '08. District of New York, class of '04. HoN. HENRY W. GODDARD, Judge, United States District Court, Southern DRURY w. COOPER, Esq., class of '94. District of New York, class of '98. HoN. HENRY H. CURRAN, former Justice, Court of Special Sessions, City of MARVIN GOLDBLATT, Esq., class of '42. New York, class of '00. HoN. Lours GOLDSTEIN, Judge, County Court, Kings County, class of '09. HoN. JOHN R. DAVIES, former Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New HoN. ABRAHAM H. GOODMAN, Deputy Industrial Commissioner, Department York, former Official Referee, Municipal Court of the State of New York, of Labor, State of New York, class of '05. class of '99. HoN. CHARLES H. GRIFFITHS, Surrogate, Westchester County, Trustee of MAURICE s. DEGENSTEJN, Esq., class of '25. New York Law School, class of '10. HON. SAMUEL DICKSTEIN, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, HoN. ISIDORE I. HABER, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, class of '06. class of '08. HoN. WILLIAM COPELAND DODGE, Class of '04, former District Attorney of HoN. FREDERICK L. HACKENBURG, Justice, Court of Special Sessions of the New York County. City of New York, class of '08. ISAAC C. DONNER, Esq., class of '25. HoN. WILLIAM F. HAGARTY, former Associate Justice, Appellate Division HoN. THOMAS F. DOYLE, Justice, Court of Special Sessions of the City of of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Second Department, New York, class of '08. class of '98. HoN. LEWIS L. FAWCETT, former Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New FRANK H. HALL, Esq., class of '94. York, class of '94. CHARLES v. HALLEY, JR., Esq., class of '03. SIMON FELDMAN, Esq., class of '36. HON. ERNEST E. L. HAMMER, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New M. MALDWIN FERTIG, Esq., class of '10. York, class of '06. H. WILLIAM FITELSON, Esq., class of '27. HoN. CLARENCE E. HANCOCK, former Congressman, class of '08. SUMNER FORD, Esq., class of '10. STEWART F. HANCOCK, Esq., former Corporation Counsel of Syracuse, Pres­ ident of the City Bank and Trust Company, Syracuse, New York, class HoN. MELVILLE J. FRANCE, former U. S. Attorney, Eastern District of New of '06. York, class of '02. HENRY I. HARRIMAN, Esq., class of '97. AARON FRANK, Esq., Professor of Law, New York Law School, class of '29. HoN. RICHARD W. HAWKINS, Surrogate, Suffolk County, class of '04. HoN. CHARLES W. FROESSEL, Associate Judge, Court of Appeals of the State of New York, class of '13. DR. DANIEL R. HODGDON, Dean, Urban Division, Seton Hall College {School of Education), class of '25. PAUL FULLER, Esq., class of 101. HON. SAMUEL H. HOFSTADTER, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New A. E. GALLATIN, Esq., class of 'OZ. York, class of '13. IRVING GEIST, Esq. HoN. ALBERT H. HOLLAND, Judge, Court of Common Pleas, New Jersey, HoN. GEORGE L. GENUNG, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, class of '12. class of '09. E. WILLIAMS HOLMES, Esq., class of '38. 6 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 7

JACOB L. HOLTZMANN, Esq., class of 'OS. ALBERT G. MILBANK, Esq., class of '98. HoN, WILLIAM W. HOPPIN, Magistrate, City of New York, class of '09, HENRY s. MILLER, Esq., class of '13. HoN. Juuus MILLER, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, HoN, MURRAY HULBERT, Judge, United States District Court, Southern Dis- class of '00. trict of New York, class of '02. WILLIAM J. MURPHY, Esq., class of '22. DR. NELSON HUME, class of 'OS. HoN. EDWARD J. NEARY, Former New York State Director of Veterans' Affairs, formerly District Attorney Nassau County, Trustee of New York HON, ROBERT A. INCH, Judge, United States District Court, Eastern District Law School, class of 'lS. of New York, class of '97. FRANKLIN NEVIUS, Esq., class of '00. HoN, STANLEY M. ISAACS, Councilman, Council of the City of New York, , GEORGE M. NORTHROP, Esq., class of '29. class of 'OS. HOWARD L. OLECK, Esq., Assistant Professor of Law, New York Law School, class of '38. ALFRED D. }AHR, Esq., class of '02, EDWIN M. OITERBOURG, Esq., class of '06. F. CAMPBELL JEFFERY, Esq., Acting Dean, New York Law School, class of '10, WILLIAM M. PARKE, Esq., class of '02. RALPH JONAS, Esq., class of '02, HoN. FERDINAND PECORA, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, HON, SAMUEL J. JOSEPH, Judge, Bronx County Court, class of '11. Trustee of New Yo1·k Law School, class of '06. ABRAHAM PERLOF, Esq., class of '38. WILLIAM KAPELMAN, Esq., class of '40. EZRA P. PRENTICE, Esq., class of '00. HOWARD B. KELLY, Esq. M. RUDOLPH PREUSS, Esq., class of '31. HAROLD KLoRFEIN, Esq., Professor of Law, New York Law School, Class DR. MAX REICH, Professor of Law, New York Law School, class of '17. of '33. JOHN A. ROPER, Esq., Assistant Professor of Law, New York Law School, HoN. EDWARD R. KocH, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, class of '41. class of '01. ALFRED L. RosE, Esq., class of '10. HoN. IRWIN KURTZ, Referee in Bankruptcy, United States District Court, GEORGE RozsA, Esq., class of '32. Southern District of New York, class of 'OS. A. S. SAPHIER, Esq. HoN. CHARLES D. LAWRENCE, Judge, United States Customs Court, class of '02. HENRY E. SCHULTZ, Esq., class of '28. EUGENE W. LEAKE, Esq., class of '96. IMRB M, SCHWARZ, Esq., class of '18. HON, WARREN I. LEE, former member of Congress, Trustee of Hamilton Col- SAMUEL SCOVILLE, JR., Esq., class of '95. lege, class of '02. HoN. SAMUEL SEABURY, former Judge of the Court of Appeals of the State SAMUEL LEVY, Esq., class of '96. of New York, class of '93. OSCAR A. LEWIS, Esq., class of '03. JOSEPH SHAPIRO, Esq., class of '33. SIDNEY J. LOEB, Esq., class of '08. DAVID P. SIEGEL, Esq., class of '16. HON. WILLIAM LYMAN, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, HoN. EDWARD J. SMITH, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, class of '10. class of '04. SAMUEL MARION, Esq., class of '10. LEONARD B. SMITH, Esq., class of '96. HoN. MICHAEL R. MAITEO, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, LEONARD HULL SMITH, Esq., class of '97. class of '06. HoN. NATHANIEL W. SMITH, former Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, CoL. ARTHUR V. McDERMOIT, former Director, Selective Service System, General Counsel of the Rhode Island Company, class of '98. class of '12. HoN. PETER P. SMITH, Official Referee, Supreme Court of the State of New HoN. EDWARD J. McGoLDRICK, former Justice, Supreme Court of the State York, class of '97. of New York, class of '97. SAMUEL B. SMITH, Esq,, class of '29 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 9 8 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

SECTION 2. The persons named in the first section of this act are JOSEPH J. SOLEY, Esq., class of '26. hereby appointed trustees of said corporation, with power to add HoN. BERNARD L. STAFFORD, former Advisory Master, Court of Chancery of other persons to their number. A majority of the whole number of New Jersey, class of '11. trustees, at any time, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction KENNETH E. STEIN, Esq., class of '22. of business. HoN, LESTER D. STICKLES, former Corporation Counsel of the City of Mt. Vernon, class of '22. RALPH STOUT, Esq., class of '00. SECTION 3. The said law school shall be subject to the inspection HoN. JACOB S. STRAHL, Justice, Municipal Court of the City of New York, of the board of regents, and shall make an annual report, verified class of '97. by the oath of its presiding officer, giving information concerning HoN. SAULS. STREIT, Judge, Court of General Sessions, County of New York, its trustees, faculty, students, instruction, equipment, methods and class of '01. operations, with such other information as may be prescribed by the HoN. MYRON SULZBERGER, SR., former Justice, Municipal Court of the City of regents for the law schools of the state. New York, class of '04. EDWIN s. s. SUNDERLAND, Esq., class of '13. SECTION 4. The trustees, for the time being, shall have power to LOUIS WALDMAN, Esq., class of '22. grant and confer the degrees of bachelor of laws and master of HoN. CARROLL G. WALTER, Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York, laws, and in testimony thereof to award suitable diplomas. But the class of '08. degree of bachelor of laws shall not be conferred on any student HoN. ARCHIBALD R. WATSON, President of New York Law School and of itt unless he has completed not less than a two years' course of law-school Board of Trustees. instruction and has passed an examination satisfactory to the faculty L. w. WIDDECOMB, Esq., class of '02. upon all the studies of said course. Nor shall the degree of master of RALPH 0. WILLGuss, Esq., Trustee of New York Law School, class of '08. laws be conferred on any student unless he has completed not less than a three years' course of law-school instruction and has passed an Charter examination satisfactory to the faculty upon all the studies of said course. The word "year" in this section shall mean a scholastic year LAWS OF 1897-CHAPTER 307 of not less than eight months. (See Note.) An AcT to incorporate the New York Law School of New York City. Became a law April 19, 1897, with the approval of the SECTION 5. This corporation shall possess the general powers and Governor. be subject to the general restrictions and liabilities prescribed by the Passed, three-fifths being present. general corporation law of the state.

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and SECTION 6. The legislature may at any time alter, suspend or Assembly, do enact as follows: repeal this act.

SECTION 1. The following named persons, viz., John Bigelow, SECTION 7. This act shall take effect immediately. LL.D., Thomas S. Ormiston, LL.B., Thomas M. Dillingham, M.D., Albert B. Boardman, LL.B., and George Chase, LL.B., are hereby NoTE: Three law school years are now required in the day course, and constituted a body corporate by the name "New York Law School," four law school years in the evening course, for the degree of Bachelor of to be located in the City of New York, for the purpose of giving Laws. Accelerated program of study now available (see Courses of Study, instruction in law and cognate subjects. p. 24). NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 11

ilssistant Professors of Law

Administrative Staff JOHN A. ROPER WILLIAM A. HENRY LL.B. (New York Law School) LL.B. (Fordham) ARCHIBALD R. WATSON -- • - - • - President VINCENT LOLORDO SIDNEY H. ASCH Ph.B. (Brown University) F. CAMPBELL JEFFERY - - - - - Acting Dean B.S.S. (College of City of New J.D. (New York University) York) LL.B. (Columbia) PAUL KOCH RALPH 0. WILLGUSS - - - Secretary and Treasurer LL.B. (Fordham) HOWARD L. OLECK -- Auditor BRUNO SCHACHNER JOSEPH T. ARENSON (University of Vienna) LLB. (St. Lawrence University) CONSTANCE J. LAWSON ------Registrar LLB. (Columbia) EDWARD F. X. RYAN A.B., LL.B. (Fordham) CHARLES J. FLEMING ------Librarian JOSEPH PATRICK MARTIN JOHN R. DUGAN JOHN KIRKLAND CLARK -- - - - Faculty Adviser A.B. (Fordham) B.S. (Yale) LL.B. (St. Lawrence University) LL.B. {New York Law School) HORACE L. FIELD ------Consultant on Admissions HOWARD L. OLECK ALFRED 0. ENGLANDER A.B. {University of Iowa) LL.B. (St. John's University) LL.B. (New York Law School)

Instructors

WILLIAM G. McLOUGHLIN WILLIAM M. KUNSTLER A.M., LL.B. (Columbia) A.B. (Yale) Faculty LL.B. (Columbia) ROY COHN A.B., LL.B. (Columbia) Professors of Law SEYMOUR JOSEPH LL.B. (Fordham) JOHN E. PERRY MAX REICH HAROLD KLORFEIN A.B., A.M. (Georgetown) B.S., A.M., Ph.D. (New York M. E. (Stevens) LL.B. ( St. John's University) JAMES A. CL YNES University) LL.B. (New York Law School) LL.B. (Fordham) LL.B. (New York Law School) P.E. (State of N.Y.) ISIDOR BLUM A.B. {Johns Hopkins) CHARLES J. FLEMING LOUIS J. WOLFF LL.B. (Columbia) LL.B. (St. John's University) A.B., LL.B. (Columbia) F. CAMPBELL JEFFERY LLB., LLM. (New York Law AARON FRANK School) B.C.S. (New York University) LL.B. (New York Law School) C.P.A. (State of N. Y.) JAMES N. VAUGHAN Special Lecturers FRANK G. LONGNECKER A.B. (Holy Cross) A.B. (Cornell) A.M., LL.B. (Fordham) LL.B. (New York Law School) JOHN KIRKLAND CLARK A.B. (Yale) CHESTER J. DODGE JOSEPH A. COX LL.B. (Harvard) B. C. S. (New York University) A.B. (College of City of New York) LL.B. (New York Law School) LLB. {Fordham) GEORGE WALTER KLORFEIN SIDNEY M. DAVIS C.P.A. (State of N. Y.) LL.M. (New York University) LL.B. (St. John's University) A.B., J.D. (University of Chicago) 12 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 13

School Calendar-Summer 1950 York Law School has justified the faith of its founders. More than ninety of the present members of the bench in the State of New York LAST DAY OF SPRING TERM-Friday, June 16th are New York Law School graduates, as are numerous other public REGISTRATION OF NEW STUDENTS-By appointment officials, leaders of the bar, and former judges in this and neighboring RE-ENROLLMENT OF STUDENTS-Wednesday, June 7th and Thurs- states. day, June 8th; and Monday, June 12th through Thursday, June 15th LATE REGISTRATION-Monday, June 19th, and Tuesday, June 20th The school is not a commercial or proprietary institution. No SUMMER TERM BEGINS-Thursday, June 22d one shares in its excess earnings, which are used to add to the library, enlarge and compensate the faculty, and to accumulate a surplus COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES-Tuesday, June 27th against emergencies. The school was founded and has always been INDEPENDENCE DAY-Holiday-Tuesday, July 4th carried on for the purpose of giving sound legal instruction to all LABOR DAY-Holiday-Monday, September 4th students, including those who must wholly or partly support them­ SUMMER TERM EXAMINATIONS-Period commencing Thursday, Octo­ selves while studying. ber 5th The School is co-educational. LAST DAY OF SUMMER TERM-Wednesday, October 11th

Examinations necessarily are often given at hours and on days of the week other than those in which lectures normally are given. Method of Instruction-The So-Called ttDwight System" History and Objectives The method of legal instruction now best known as the Dwight New York Law School is now and has, for almost sixty years, method, was not, however, originated by Professor Dwight. It was been upon the list of law schools approved and registered by the employed by him, he objecting to the adoption of the so-called "Case New York State Education Department. System", originated by Professor Langdell, of Harvard University The school was organized in 1891 under a temporary charter Law School, about 1879. granted by the Board of Regents of the State of New York. The It was Lord Mansfield, celebrated British jurist and statesman first class was graduated in 1892. Later, by a Special Act, Laws of (1705-1793), who said: "Tlze law does not consist of particular 1897, chap. 307, of the New York Legislature, the school received cases, but of general principles which are illustrated and explained its permanent charter, which appears above. by these cases."

The school was founded by a group of the members of the Law With this pronouncement Professor Dwight heartily agreed, and Faculty of Columbia University, who resigned therefrom desiring to New York Law School has been in the past and is today in full accord found a law school to perpetuate the system of instruction which had with it. been used there for about thirty years under the celebrated teacher and jurist, Theodore W. Dwight. Many of the men who later Both methods, the case method and what came to be known as came to occupy prominent positions on the Bench and at the Bar, the Dwight System, have undergone radical changes since they were studied under Professor Dwight, and his name has been applied established. The original case system required the student to obtain to the system of legal education which he employed and which the his knowledge of legal principles solely or principally by deducing New York Law School successfully used for more than fifty years. them from cases as reported in case books; i. e., the reported opinions Judging by the notable successes of many of its graduates, New of the courts in decided cases, as abridged by authors of case books. NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 15 14 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

That system is not without its good features, but the system in use as a system of principles, and not as a mere aggregation or col­ at New York Law School is believed to combine the best features of lection of cases decided by the courts. the case system with a sounder and more logical approach to the Special stress is laid upon the analysis of facts, and the application study of law. It is, in brief, the preliminary study and analysis of legal principles, as illustrated in their application to decided cases. of the principles to the facts. In this way the training to be gained from case analysis and the learning and research of legal scholars Perhaps the principal difference between the so-called "case system" combine to educate the student to think about legal problems as and the "Dwight System" may be described as one of emphasis. The lawyers think. By observing and understanding how the text book so-called "Case System" lays stress on the particular case, whereas author and the class instructor deduce legal principles from the cases, under the Dwight System the emphasis is placed on the principles of classify such principles in their proper order, and extract the sub­ law involved. Woodrow Wilson, who lectured on constitutional law stance of the law from the "wilderness of single instances", the at the New York Law School in its early years, adverted to this dis­ student is prepared to study the cases himself with proper judgment tinction many times. Many others have described it. It may also and insight. The student also acquires the all-important habit of be noted that Charles Evans Hughes, former Chief Justice of the discerning, in each particular case, the principle which underlies the United States Supreme Court, at one time lectured at New York decision, and thus is equipped for the solution of actual cases with Law School. differing facts as they are presented to him. New York Law School has been noted, throughout its life of over A separate course in Problem Analysis was instituted some years fifty years, for the superiority of the teachers of law who have been ago, for the graduating class, in which problems touching upon various members of its faculty; for its broad vision of the science of legal topics of substantive law are treated from two analytical viewpoints education and its willingness to adopt new ideas and suggestions to ( 1) that of the practising attorney who is presented with a statement improve its educational methods; for its body of alumni, among whom of facts by his client and ( 2) that of an appellate court applying are so many distinguished members of the Bench and Bar. principles of law to a set of facts presumptively established. Thus the analysis of problems, as distinguished from the analysis of reported The principles which underlie the system of instruction in New cases, is also made a part of the course of instruction for the purpose York Law School are the following: of bringing to the study of law a more realistic approach. Prepared ( 1 ) Elementary and preparatory topics are studied before problems of the character which a lawyer must solve in his every day those which are more difficult and abstruse. practice, involving principles of law which are studied in the various courses, are placed before the students and the factual situations thus (2) The study of substantive law, embodying the principles presented are analyzed through class-room discussion. A determination of law in respect to rights, interests, estates and obligations, and is sought of what course of action should be pursued by the attorney of the reasons on which such principles rest, precedes the full and in handling the particular problem, giving thought to both practical comprehensive study of adjective law-i. e., of Practice, Plead­ considerations and legal concepts, as well as touching upon the pro­ ing, and Evidence. Adjective law is studied in a preliminary cedural routine involved. way in the first year, and is considered in some detail in the study of all substantive law subjects. The final year is devoted Supplementing the educative devices described above, groups of largely to the study of adjective law. students are conducted by members of the faculty to the actual trials of cases in the Courts of New York City, the arguments of motions ( 3) The student is instructed in the principles of law and the and the hearings of appeals, as well as to the various public offices with reasons upon which they are based, and is taught to view the law 16 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 17

which a lawyer has to deal. Groups of students are also taken to the Hall of Records and to other depositaries of legal documents, under Bar, who will be glad of the opportunity to employ the enrolled faculty guidance, so that the student may be instruc~ed in exa_mining students of New York Law School for law office work, such as the such records and in the searching of real property titles. This form service of papers and process, the answering of calendars and the of instruction is integrated with those courses in the curriculum to performance of other functions, such as managing clerk's work and which they are particularly applicable. the preparation of legal memoranda, by students who are qualified. When students are to be taken to visit the court room where a civil It is believed that this plan will prove a unique and valuable service case is being tried, the faculty member in charge of the group will, to the students of New York Law School. It is not suggested that where practicable, discuss with the group before the attendance at every student who desires such employment will be able to obtain it, the trial the facts and the law of the case, in order that the students as the demand may well exceed the supply. There will be a consider­ may listen to the trial more intelligently. After return_ing fr~m able number of active law offices in the home building of New York Law School as soon as alterations are completed. attendance at the trial, a brief discussion period is held, durmg which various points of interest that have been observed are discussed by the It is expected that graduate courses leading to the degree of faculty member with the group. LL.M. will be announced shortly. An arrangement has also been perfected with the Legal Aid Soc_iety of New York City whereby small groups of students are taken into lAw Office Placement Bttreau the office of the Legal Aid Society and apprenticed to members of the staff for a period of weeks. This training, under the general joint Arrangements can also be made through the Law Office Placement supervision of the Attorney-in-Chief of the Legal Aid Society and the Bureau of the School for employment in various law offices through­ Dean of the Law School, is designed to train the students in law office out the city, when positions are available. Students who desire to be practice and management and in the actual handling of cases as they considered for such employment while attending school are invited come into the Legal Aid Society's office day after day. Aspects of law to consult the Registrar. practice covering a wide range are considered by each student duri_ng this training period under the immediate supervision of the respective department heads of the Legal Aid Society. Location and Facilities of the School These innovations were, it is believed, among the first attempts at The Law School building, at 244 William Street, is located on practical instruction in legal education in the State of New York. A what may be termed the eastern edge of the Manhattan Civic Center, few law schools in other states have experimented with somewhat within which are situated the various buildings housing federal, state similar plans, with very beneficial results, and it may be anticipated and city courts and the numerous administrative agencies, grouped that this part of the work at the New York Law School will become around and in the neighborhood of City Hall Park and Foley Square. of equal importance as the purely academic instruction which is The school building is a red brick and limestone structure, standing generally given by law schools in the teaching of the law. at the intersection of New Chambers, William and Duane Streets, within a few minutes walk of subway, bus and elevated transpor­ In addition to the foregoing, New York Law School, in acquiring tation systems. There is natural light on all four sides of the building. the entire building hereinafter described, did so for the purpose of integrating, with its courses of theoretical instruction, a considerable The new home of the Law School is equipped with modern con­ number of active law offices, conducted by members of the New York veniences, including a new lighting system of the best type. The students' lounge is on the first floor, and two recreation rooms have NEw YoRk LAw ScHOOL 19 18 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

satisfactory to the Registrar, of graduation from a college, university, been provided offering to students opportunities for relaxation. The or scientific school, or a Law Student Qualifying Certificate must be classrooms ar: comfortable and adequate; the chairs are of the "tablet filed in the Office of the Registrar. arm" variety. Applicants must have reached the age of eighteen years at or before The library is housed in commodious quarters, affording students the beginning of the first scholastic year. an excellent place to study by day and by night. TRANSFERS FROM OTHER LA w SCHOOLS Hours for School Office Under prescribed conditions, students are admitted as transferees The School Office, located on the first floor, . is open, except on from other law schools. Credit is allowed for courses which have holidays, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., Monday through Friday, and from been pursued elsewhere at law schools accredited by the New York 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday. State Education Department, when such courses substantially dupli­ cate one or more courses in the curriculum of New York Law School, and when in the judgment of the Registrar the marks received in such Requirements for Admission course or courses at other schools have been satisfactory. Transfer The educational qualifications for the study of law in New Yark students are advised that they must receive written credit from the State are determined by the rules of the Court of Appeals. Registrar of New Yark Law School for courses pursued at other law Inquiries relating to admission should be addressed to the Registrar schools, if they are to be excused from such courses. at 244 William Street, New York 7, New York. Students who are not permitted to continue their studies at another Applicants may avail themselves of the opportunity to test their law school as regularly matriculated students in good standing will aptitude for law work, and to take other examinations as well which not be admitted to New York Law School unless they are able to are provided by the school to determine probability of their success in satisfy the Dean and the F aculty Committee on Admissions that they the study of law. Applicants must however submit, prior thereto, an have the intellectual capacity to successfully complete the course of application blank with the accompanying documents, so that all perti­ study leading to the degree of LL.B., that they have a demonstrable nent information may be on hand at the time of the interview. aptitude for law work, and that the conditions which apparently caused the unsatisfactory standing at the other school no longer prevail. If admitted to New York Law School, such students will Matriculated Students be on probation during their first term. (See page 35 in regard to FIRST y EAR CLASS probationary standing.) An applicant entering the First Year Class in the Law School as a candidate for the degree of LL.B. must either ( 1) be a graduate ADVANCED STANDING of a college, university, or scientific school approved by the State An applicant for admission to any but the First Year Class as a Department of Education, or (2) present evidence of having obtained candidate for the degree of LL.B., must have fulfilled the require­ the Regents' "Law Student Qualifying Certificate" for admission to ments which entitle applicants to admission to the First Year Class the study of law in the State of New York.* Written evidence, and must also have completed a course of law study in a law school approved by the Board of Regents of the State of New York equiva­ • A copy of the Regents' Handbook 23, specifying the requirements for the "qualifying certificate," may be obtained by addressing a request th~refo;, lent to that pursued in this law school during the academic years to the "Education Department of the State of New York, Albany, N. Y. prior to the one into which admission is sought. A certificate from A stamped, self-addressed envelope should accompany the request. 20 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 21 the dean or some other officer of such law school who has authority Fees to issue such certificates must be submitted as evidence of such fact. TUITION FEES All candidates for the degree of LL.B. must have satisfactorily com­ Courses leading to Degree of LL.B. pleted all the required courses given at New York Law School for Three year day course_ $225 per term. that degree or their equivalent elsewhere at an approved school. Four year evening course $200 per term.

SPECIAL STUDENTS When less than a full term's schedule of subjects is taken the Special, or non-matriculated students (i. e., students who are not tuition fee is at the rate of $24 per term hour provided that the candidates for a degree) may take specified courses as the conditions of total fee shall not exceed the fee for the full term. Subjects taken their admission may permit. Applicants for such studies must submit in addition to, or out of regular order of those prescribed for the a letter explaining what courses they desire to take and the reason or regular term are also charged at the rate of $24 per term hour. reasons therefor. All tuition fees are payable in advance of registration, except in the case of veterans approved by the Veterans Administration for The Law School Year registration at New York Law School, or students holding scholar­ ships. In the latter instances, the Certificate of Eligibility ( PL 346), Regular attendance at a law school during a school year of not Letter of Authorization ( PL 16), or certified written evidence of less than 32 school weeks is deemed, under the rules of the Court of scholarship must be submitted prior to registration. Appeals, equivalent to a year's study of law, to qualify a student for admission to the bar. The State Board of Law Examiners has also Courses leading to Degree of LL.M. passed a resolution that, even if a law school year is longer than 32 It is expected that graduate courses leading to the degree of weeks, a student must attend during the entire school year in order to LL.M. will be announced shortly. entitle him to credit of a year under the above rule of the Court of Appeals.• Students must, therefore, be in attendance and have their OTHER FEES names enrolled in the Registry Book of the Law School at the very An application fee of $10 is payable when the application is sent beginning of the scholastic year. It takes some time to pass on a stu­ to the Law School. No application will be considered until this fee dent's application and credentials, and registration is not effective has been paid and the application is in all other respects complete. unless these are in order. Applicants for admission to the school may This fee is not returnable. not, therefore, leave their applications and registration to the last Late Registration Fee; see page 24 on Late Registration. days before the commencement of the school year. Credit for attend­ ance will be given from the date of complete registration only. An additional fee, not chargeable to Veteran's Benefits, is charged whenever an aptitude or other test of a student's qualifications for law work is provided, to cover the cost of such testing. • T liis rule applies to all schools, whether in this State or elsewhere. A "year's study of law" for students not attending a law school, but serving An examination fee of $10 is payable in advance for each regular a clerkship in a lawyer's office, is study for a full calendar year of twelve term end group of examinations. An additional fee of $10 is charged months (of which, however, one month is allowed for vacation, if actually taken for this purpose) ; time of study in a law school for any period less for any single examination taken out of regular order. than its full scholastic year is only reckoned as a part of a calendar year of study, and there must be a further period of law study to complete a In order to obtain a certificate or transcript of any sort, or to be full calendar year. granted a degree, students must have paid all fees due the School. 22 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 23

Transcripts - $2.00 ____ _ 1940 to 1950. tomary to renew each appointment from year to year throughout the $3.00 ______1935 to 1939. LL.B. course. The applicant must give evidence that he is a good $5.00 __ _ 1934 to 1898. scholar, of unimpeachable character, that he has the qualifications for Certifications-$2.00______1950 to 1891. entering the first year class, and that he cannot afford to pay tuition fees. If appointed to a scholarship, he will be expected to render such A graduation fee of $20 is charged to cover cost of diploma and service to the school, as an assistant in office, library, etc., as may be some of the other incidental graduation expenses. assigned to him by the Registrar, for which services he will be credited Withdrawals on the basis of $.75 per hour. No guarantee is made by the school that the student will earn all or any certain part of his tuition or If a student is required by the school to withdraw, any payments other costs. of tuition fees made by him in advance will be pro-rated and a partial refund made. If it becomes necessary for a student to leave the Student Aid Fund school by reason of illness, or other unforeseen reason, the following In 1936, an alumnus, in memory of the late Louise Sibley Atkinson deduction policy prevails, according to actual attendance: of Brooklyn, N. Y., gave to the school the sum of One Thousand One week or less ______20% Dollars as the nucleus of a student-aid fund. The purpose of the Between one and two weeks ______20% fund is to give financial aid to students of excellent character and Between two and three weeks, ____ 40% good scholarship who, being candidates for the LL.B. degree in the Between three and four weeks ______60% Graduating Class, and having completed in this school the work of Between four and five weeks ____ 80% the earlier classes, find themselves for a reason not due to their own Over five weeks ______100% fault, and not reasonably to have been foreseen, unable to pay their further way at the school. A student wishing to obtain aid from the The above graduated scale of charges does not apply to a fee which fund should make application to the Registrar. is for a noncontinuing service and not subject to refund under any conditions, such as a registration fee. Registration A student is not regarded as having withdrawn from the school unless written notice of his withdrawal and the reason for it is Applicants for admission to the School are required to fill out the received and approved by the Registrar, and until written approval regular application form which may be obtained from the Registrar. is received by the student. When the application is approved, the applicant will be notified and must appear in person at the office of the Registrar on the date Dismissal and Discipline specified to fill out the required registration records. The New York Law School reserves the right to dismiss a student or to take other disciplinary action toward a student whenever, in Program the judgment of the Dean, circumstances require it. Since the program of study at New York Law School is non­ elective, students coming to New York Law School with no previous Scholarships law school training must follow the standard curriculum. The School awards each year a number of assistantships. While In the case of transfer students who must complete courses in no binding contract is entered into, either the school or the student various terms, in order to qualify for the degree of LL.B. at New being free to terminate the arrangement at any time, it has been cus- York Law School, not more than 12 points in the Day Session or NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 25 24 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

THREE YEAR DAY COURSE 10 points in the Evening Session may be carried during a semester without the written permission of the Registrar. It should also be Lectures are given between the hours of 9 a.m. and 12 noon in remembered that in order to receive time credit in accordance with the morning session. Exact hours of lectures are announced at the the rules of the Court of Appeals, during the Day Session not less beginning of each term. There are twelve lecture hours per week than ten and an average of not less than twelve classroom periods of in each of the three years. fifty minutes each must be pursued per week, and during the Evening Session not less than eight and an average of not less than nine class­ All Subjects Are Required room periods of fifty minutes each must be pursued per week. Students may transfer from an three-year course to a four-year course or vice FIRST YEAR versa upon completion of a full year of law study only. Every suc­ Elements of Jurisprudence Contracts cessfully completed year of the day course is deemed equivalent to 1,½ years of the evening course, and every successfully completed Elements of Property Torts year of the evening course is deemed equivalent to ¾ of a year of Elements of Procedure Domestic Relations the day course. The Legal Profession Criminal Law and Procedure Legal Bibliography Suretyship Transfer students, who, after registering, wish to change their programs by adding or dropping a course must address a letter of request to the Registrar, and must receive written permission. SECOND YEAR

Real Property I Decedent Estates Insurance Late Registration Real Property II Negotiable Instruments Corporations Students approved for Registration prior to the end of the regular Equity Partnership registration period will be permitted to register during the late regis­ tration period only upon payment of a late registration fee in the Wills amount of five dollars ($5). This fee is not chargeable to Veteran's Benefits. THIRD YEAR

Constitutional Law Conflict of Laws Pleading Courses of Study Insolvency Sales Practice (Subject to Change) Trusts Evidence The courses of study leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws Problem Analysis (LL.B.) comprise three scholastic years in the Day School or four scholastic years in the Evening School. Under the accelerated program the Day Course may be completed in two calendar years and the Visits to courts and clerks' offices under the supervision of the Evening Course may be completed in two and two-thirds calendar faculty may be required of day students as well as some special study years. projects work. This is in addition to the courses set forth above. 26 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 27

FOUR YEAR EVENING COURSE Description of Courses Leading to Degree of LL.B. Lectures are given from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. in the evening session. The following outlines substantially describe the matter covered in There are nine lecture hours per week, Monday through Wednesday.• each course.

All Subjects Are Required CONFLICT OF LAWS (2 semester hour* credits) A study of the principles determinative as to which of two or more laws FIRST YEAR seemingly involved in a given situation is to be applied.

Elements of Jurisprudence Legal Bibliography CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (2 semester hour credits) Elements of Property Contracts Source and meaning: constitutions written and unwritten, Magna Carta, Elements of Procedure Torts Petition of Right; Habeas Corpus Act, Bill of Rights; Articles of Con­ The Legal Profession federation, Constitutional Convention of 1787; the separation of govern­ Criminal Law and Procedure mental powers; system of checks and balances; and under the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of New York the SECOND YEAR exclusive, concurrent and implied powers of the states and of the ~nited States with particular attention to impairment of contracts, regulation of Real Property I Equity commerce, due process and equality, full faith and credit, banking, police power, extradition ( privileges and immunities); the right of eminent domain; Domestic Relations Wills and the power to, and the methods of, amendmg. Suretyship Decedent Estates CONTRACTS ( 6 semester hour credits) Negotiable Instruments Insurance The nature and classification of contracts, their place in jurisprudence, and the elements necessary to a contract; capacity of parties; offer and THIRD YEAR acceptance; consideration; Statute of Frauds; mistake; fraud; tluress; legal­ ity of object; operation; interpretation and discharge of contracts; accord Real Property II Constitutional Law and satisfaction; contracts for the benefit of other parties; assignment of Sales Insolvency contracts; joint contracts and joint and several contracts; impossibility of performance; breach; anticipatory breach; quasi contracts; remedies at law Corporations Trusts and in equity; some consideration of the law of agency. Partnership CORPORATIONS (3 semester hour credits) FOURTH YEAR Nature of a corporation; differences between incorporated and unincor­ porated associations; formation of corporations; effect of irregular inco~­ Conflict of Laws Practice poration; corporation authority; ultra vires transactions; corporate respon91- Problem Analysis Evidence bility for torts and crimes; promoters; subscriptions for shares; shares of stock and other corporate securities; dividends; voting at meetings; trans­ Pleading fer of shares; powers, duties and liabilities of directors and officers; rights, remedies and liabilities of shareholders; rights and remedies of creditors; dissolution; foreign corporations. CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE (2 semester hour credits) The order in which the various subjects are taken up in any year The study of basic rules of criminal law under the common law and may be varied from the foregoing lists. under New York statutes, with the study and consideration of cases in the criminal law field. In addition thereto a basic study is made of criminal law practice and procedure, particularly in the State of New York, with consid­ • The entering Evening Class and most of the others will be held but eration of the aims of the criminal law. three nights a week from 6 :00 to 9 :00 P. M., Monday, Tuesday and Wednes­ day Evenings. The Second Term of the Fourth Year Evening Class will • Each semester hour credit is based on one hour of classroom work for meet on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday Evenings. approximately 16 weeks, which is the length of each semester or term. 28 Nnw YORK LAW SCHOOL Nnw YoRK LAW SCHOOL 29

DECEDENT ESTATES (2 semester hour credits) EQUITY ( 4 semester hour credits) This course involves the study of the adjective law of the Surrogate's A review of the historical background of the High Court of Chancery Courts. The various sections of the New York Surrogate's Court Act in England and the Courts of Equity Jurisdiction in the United States; are thoroughly analyzed procedure from the presentation of a will for the nature and characteristics of Equity Jurisprudence with particular refer­ probate through the fiscal accounting and distribution of the estate, and, ence to powers of Courts of Equity and the methods of procedure; the in case of intestacy, the administration of the estate; Federal and State merger of law and equity under codes and statutes; equitable relief against estate taxes; executors and trustees commissions and their method of cal­ waste, trespass, nuisance and in the protection of public and personal rights; culation; meaning of terms used in estate practice; court practices and the specific performance of contracts; the vendor and purchaser relationship; rules of the New York Surrogate's Courts; assets making up an estate; equitable relief in fraud; accident and mistake; and the removal of clouds sales and investments; payment of legacies and distributive shares; prep­ on title. aration of the account. EVIDENCE ( 4 semester hour credits) DOMESTIC RELATIONS (2 semester hour credits) Importance of the law of evidence in judicial proceedings; facts which need not be proved; relevant and character evidence; burden of proof; The study of the following relationships is had under the common law the hearsay rule and its exceptions; the parol evidence rule; competency and under the New York Domestic Relations Act and other statutes­ of witnesses; examination and cross examination of witnesses; former husband and wife; parent and child; guardian and ward. adjudication.

ELEMENTS OF JURISPRUDENCE (I½ semester hour credits) INSOLVENCY (2 semester hour credits)

. '.J'?e nature and sources of law; law as an agency of social control; the A comprehensive and comparative study of methods employed under State md1v1dual and the state; nature and authority of precedent. The Common and Federal Statutes, in the liquidation and administration of insolvent Law of England and its relation to law today in New York and the United estates and in the realization of debts. The course emphasizes the prac­

States generally with particular reference to Magna Carta 1 Bill of Rights tising law aspects and the mechanics of procedure including the prepara­ Constitutions, feudism, early forms of trial; construction and interpretation of tion and drafting of all forms used in connection therewith; corporate statutes; legal rights and duties of persons both aliens and citizens· the reorganization, receiverships, fraudulent conveyances, general assignments relation of master and servant generally considered. ' for the benefits of creditors, compositions at common law, judgments, execu­ tions, supplementary proceedings, bankruptcy including recent amendments, and miscellaneous liquidation proceedings. ELEMENTS OF PROCEDURE (2 semester hour credits)

Such consideration of procedure and of common law pleading as will INSURANCE (2 semester hour credits) enable students the more understandingly to pursue the various courses in Elementary course in the law of insurance in all its branches, especially substantive law; the nature and importance of adjective law; extrajudicial in fire, life, accident and marine, with special reference to the New York remedies; the rise, development, and importance of the English judicial Standard Fire Insurance Policy. system and procedure; and the New York courts and procedure therein; the general nature of trials and appeals; the forms of actions at common law, the pleading there utilized, and its basis for and significance in pleading LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY (I½ semester hour credits) under the modern codes. Study of the general outline of types of legal reference materials and the methods of search for legislative enactments, both federal and state; ELEMENTS OF PROPERTY (I½ semester hour credits) for judicial precedents, through digests, encyclopedias, textbooks, and legal periodicals. A study is made of decisions as precedents, and dicta is dis­ An introduction to the law of property, both rea I and personal with a tinguished. The construction of statutes is also considered. Reference is view to giving the student a vocabulary of the subject and a sufficient had to English legal materials as well as to those of the United States. knowledge of the origin, history and development of the legal concepts Study is supplemented by laboratory work in the library. of and distinctions between real and personal property; the nature of prop­ erty, the kinds of property, the history and type of ownership; the nature and extent_of such ownership under various classifications, including quality THE LEGAL PROFESSION (I½ semester hour credits) and quantity of estate, several and multiple possession and the rights to present and future enjoyment and the methods of transferring ownership, The nature of law practice, the relationship of the lawyer to Court, client to understand such references to real and personal property as he is likely and the public, ethical standards controlling the lawyer; the rights, duties to encounter before taking up the study of Real Property I and II. and liabilities of lawyers. 30 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 31

NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS (2 semester hour credits) Problems are also considered from the point of view of an appellate court reviewing a judgment of the court below based on the facts of the Historical development of the law of negotiable instruments; comparison problem being presumptively established. of negotiation and assignment; requisites of negotiable paper; classification; bills of exchange and promissory notes, including checks, trade acceptances, REAL PROPERTY I ( 4 semester hour credits) certificates of deposit and bonds; distinction between order paper and bearer paper; delivery; manner of negotiation; kinds of endorsement; liability of A study of the Common Law and the New York Statutes, covering the parties; maker of note, drawer of bill, drawee before acceptance, acceptor, distinction between legal and equitable estates and discussing the legal indorser, irregular indorser and transferor; presentment for acceptance; estates involving present right of possession. acceptance; certification of checks; presentment for payment; payment; protest upon dishonor; notice of dishonor; order of liability; holder in due course: definition, rights, real defenses, personal defenses; discharge of REAL PROPERTY II (3 semester hour credits) instrument; discharge of parties. Course is conducted with reference to the rules of the law merchant and of the Uniform Negotiable Instruments Law Mortgages, future estates, and the law of titles as distinguished from the as enacted in New York. law of estates.

PARTNERSHIP (2 semester hour credits) SALES (2 semester hour credits) Partnership defined, and distinguished from other business associations; The sources of this branch of the law; attempts at promoting uniformity; for what purpose it may be created; who may be partners; contract of the English Sale of Goods Act; the Uniform Sales Act; the New York enact­ partnership; what acts create partnership; incidents of partnership; the ment; the contract; its formalities ( the Statute of Frauds) ; subject matter; rights and duties of partners; dealings between them; their authority; who the price; conditions and warranties; transfer of property and title; per­ is bound by their acts; nature and extent of their liability. Actions by and formance; rights of unpaid seller against the goods-judicial remedies. Some against a partnership; methods of dissolution; notice and effect of dissolu• reference to Conditional Sales and Chattel Mortgages. tion on authority of partners; application of partnership assets; final accounting; limited partnerships. The course considers these topics under the law merchant and under the Uniform Partnership and Limited Partner· S URETYSHIP ( 2 semester hour credits) ship Acts and related legislation as adopted in New York. This course involves the study of that special branch of the general law of Contracts in which a creditor has as security for his debt, a promise by PLEADING (2 semester hour credits) a third party in addition to the debtor's promise. The subject is treated by first discussing the nature of the particular contract, distinguishing and Pleading under the New York Civil Practice Act. Objects of pleadings defining Suretyship, Guaranty and lndorsement. Thereafter the formation in general; rules of pleading; pleading particular facts; the complaint, of the Contract is investigated, the legal and equitable rights and remedies answer, and reply; third party pleading; motions addressed to pleadings; of all parties involved being discussed separately. The course also includes verification of pleadings; amendments of pleadings; supplemental pleading. a discussion of third party undertakings given pursuant to law such as official and judicial bonds. PRACTICE ( 6 semester hour credits) TORTS (4 semester hour credits) A study of the procedure in the civil courts of the state of New York; the jurisdiction of the courts; parties to an action; place of trial; methods The study of the general principles of liability for injury to persons and of serving process; appearance; officers of the courts, including attorneys, property with particular attention being paid to the doctrine of proximate judges and referees; pleadings and bills of particulars; motion practice; cause and the responsibility of parties. Detailed study is made of the topics limitation of actions; provisional remedies; pre-trial practice; trials, verdicts, of assault, battery, false imprisonment; deaths by wrongful act of another, decisions, motions for new trials; appeals; costs, enforcement of judgments; malicious prosecution; malicious abuse of process, libel, slander, violation of particular actions and special proceedings. the right of privacy, injuries to family rights, injuries to real property such as trespass, waste and wrongs to easements, and injuries to personal property PROBLEM ANALYSIS (2 semester hour credits) such as trespass and conversion. The topics of nuisance, fraud and unlawful interference with business with reference to remedies at law and at equity This course deals with the analysis of legal problems as they would be are also studied. presented to a practicing attorney. The several problems are derived from the appeal papers of leading cases and from other sources so as to present TRUSTS (2 semester hour credits) to the student sets of facts, each of which involves several topics of law. Each problem is analyzed with the object of determining what course of This course is designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental action an attorney should pursue in behalf of the client and how best to principles of the law relating to Trusts of real and personal property. pursue it. After tracing the origin and history of the trust relationship, and dis- 32 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 33

tinguishing it from other legal relationships such as debtor-creditor, agency, executorship and guardianship, the course deals with the manner of creat­ clerks' offices under the supervision of members of the Faculty, and ing both express and implied trusts; an investigation of the purposes for which trusts may be created; the qualifications of the settlor; the qualifica­ in addition selected students are apprenticed to the staff of the Legal tions, duties and powers of the trustee; the nature and incidents of the Aid Society for a period of several weeks during which time they beneficiary's interest; and finally the termination of the trust. In pursuing this course emphasis is placed on the statutory and case law of the state attend at the office of the Society several hours each day during the of New York. week, and there follow a definite schedule which provides them with training in the various departments of the Society's work as a legal WILLS (2 semester hour credits) adviser. This course deals with the various definitions necessary in a study of wills and the basic principles which constitute the foundation of the subject Moot Court including the execution of wills; different types of wills, holographic, mutual and reciprocal; the right of testamentation with particular emphasis on the To afford all students an opportunity to familiarize themselves effect of sections 17 and 18 of the New York Decedents Estate Law; revo­ with research work, and, further, to learn something of the funda­ cation and republication of wills; the general and cardinal principles of construction with reference to the canons of construction of wills and the mentals of trial and appellate practice, four Moot Courts have been classification of legacies. established, in which cases assigned by the faculty members in charge Bulletin on Graduate Courses in preparation. are tried and appeals argued. Participation is voluntary.

Special Lectures Books A series of lectures on special topics will be given during the Text-Books, Case-Books, and other materials to be used in the year by leading members of the Bench and Bar. All students are study of the various subjects are listed on the Bulletin Board at the invited to attend, as are members of the Bar generally. No charge beginning of each semester. Required material must be purchased by is made for these lectures. all students; suggested material is optional, and is not cha1geable to Announcements of these lectures are made from time to time. Veteran's Benefits. Each student must provide himself with all books and materials Special Study Projects required for the study of each subject. Study projects covering special topics of the law, set up by the Books may be obtained at the Bookstore of the School at the same Faculty, are carried out by small groups of students who volunteer prices as prevail in retail law-book shops. A student in the day course therefore. Each group is under the immediate supervision of a member must expect to spend about $80 per annum for books and in the of the faculty who meets with the group about once each week for evening course about $60 per annum. the period required to complete the project. Announcements of such projects will be made from time to time. Library All students are eligible for this work unless specially excepted in The Library is open on week-days throughout the school year the announcement of a project. to the students of the Law School and its alumni from 8 :30 a.m. to 11 p.m., and on Saturdays and Sundays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Office and Court Study Special schedules for holidays are posted on the bulletin board from Day students and Evening students are given the opportunity to time to time. study the practice of law in actual operation in the courts and Alumni wishing to use the library are requested to advise the Registrar. 34 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 35

Examinations and Grades Any student failing with either an E or an F in more than two subjects whose total hours aggregate or more of the work taken While the hours of examinations are fixed with a view to the 50% convenience of the students, it is nevertheless to be expected that in any school year, will be required to withdraw from the school some of the examinations will be held on Saturdays, or at hours regardless of average. other than those established for regular lectures. A student whose classroom work has not been satisfactory may not be permitted to take the written examinations. F?r ~tudents in all classes which entered prior to June, 1950, exammat1on papers are graded on a scale of 100, and the pass- , Any student who does not take the examinations in regular order, mark for separate subjects is 75%. Results are indicated as follows: except when excused by the Registrar in writing, will be considered to viz., 96-100% (A) Excellent; 90-95% (B) Very Good; 85-89% have made a zero in such examinations. If a student fails to take a (C+) Good; 80-84% (C) Fair; 75-79% (D) Passing; 65-74% re-examination or a make-up examination the next time such exami­ (E) Failed conditionally; 0-64% (F) Failure. nation is given, except when excused by the Registrar in writing, For students in classes which enter in June, 1950, or there­ where he is otherwise permitted to go on with advanced work, he will after, examination papers are graded on a scale of 100, and the receive a zero in the course. passmark for separate subjects is 65%. Results are indicated as Letters requesting permission to be excused from an examination follows: viz., St 100% (A+) Superior; 91-95% (A) Excellent; must be addressed to the Registrar's Office at least a week before the 85-90% (B+) Very Good; 80-84% (B) Good; 75-79% (C+) examination in question. Letters requesting permission to be excused Fair; 70-74% (C) Passing; 65-69% (D) Passed Conditionally; from having been absent from an examination also must be addressed 60-64% (E) Failed Conditionally; 0-59% (F) Failure. to the Registrar within one week of the termination of said exami­ The condition attached to the letter D ( for students in classes nation. which enter in June, 1950 or thereafter) is that the Dean shall Any student may be dropped by the Dean for poor scholarship examine that student's entire record. and may, in his discretion, at any time, when, in the Dean's judgment, that student's scholar­ place that student On Probation. ship is unsatisfactory. The condition attached to the letter E is that where a student is otherwise permitted to proceed with his work, he may apply for Probationary Standing permission to take a re-examination in the subject in which he has received an E. If he receives a grade of E or lower in the re-exami­ Students On Probation are required to withdraw from the school nation, he must repeat the entire course. If a student has received an if they fail to maintain a C average, or, regardless of average, fail ~• he w!ll not be permitted to take a re-examination, except when he more than one examination during the probationary period. 1s permitted to repeat that subject and then only after he has so Any student who, in the judgment of the Dean, has failed to repeated it. maintain a satisfactory standing, may be placed on probation. All students must obtain a C average or better in all subjects taken in each year in order to be permitted to proceed with their next Attendance year's work or to graduate. A student failing to maintain such average may, in the discretion of the Dean, be required to withdraw Punctuality and regularity of attendance upon each day's exercises or permitted to repeat all or part of the year's work. will be strictly insisted upon, and a record of attendance will be kept. 36 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 37

Attendance on all courses is required, except for such review and Special students will not receive a certificate of attendance, nor special courses as may be given from time to time. There are no be permitted to take examinations. excused absences or latenesses, and lateness shall be considered the same as absence. The degree cum laude is conferred on a student who during his last two years of study, which must be spent in this school, has passed Stu.dents will be assigned seats, at the beginning of courses, in the every required examination the first time, has had no mark below respective classrooms. Records based upon the presence of the student 80% in any subject, and has maintained a general average of 90% in his or her assigned seat will be kept by a clerk from the School Office. or more during this time.

When a student is absent for more than fifteen per cent of the Degree of LL.M.-(Bulletin on Graduate Courses now in lecture-hours in a given course, his attendance is deemed to be un­ preparation.) satisfactory and he may thereby forfeit the right to enter the exami­ Prizes nation in that subject, or having taken it, may be denied credit Trustees' Prizes.-For many years past, the Trustees of the school therefor and required to repeat the course. have awarded prizes or scrolls of honorable mention each year to Absences totaling more than ten per cent of the required attend­ those students who, being candidates for a degree and having com­ ance during the entire course of study will necessitate a student plied with all requirements that make them students in regular stand­ making up all absences before graduation. ing, have passed the best examinations at the regular examinations for degrees, upon the studies which have been pursued during the current year by the class to which they belong. At the present time, Special Requests appropriately engrossed and illuminated scrolls are presented to each Requests for variations from the normal procedure or relaxing of student achieving the first and second ranking, respectively, in rules and regu_lation_s. for any student, including program changes, scholarship in his class, at each graduation. must be made m wntmg to the Registrar. Approval, if given will No prize will be awarded to a student who has not attended with be only in writing, and never oral. ' diligence and regularity the prescribed exercises of the law school, who has not been in attendance for the entire scholastic year before Degrees, Examinations Therefor; the final examinations are held, who has not taken all the examina­ tions required of his class in their regular order during the year, and Diplomas whose scholarship, as shown at the examinations is not sufficiently Degree of LL.B.-The degree of Bachelor of Laws is conferred on high, in the estimation of the Faculty, to justify the award. To students who, after they have fulfilled all preliminary requirements obtain a prize, a student must have remained for the entire scholastic which entitle candidates for this degree to be admitted to the First year a member of the particular division in which the scroll is Year Class, have subsequently completed the prescribed course of awarded. law school instruction and have passed examinations satisfactory to the Faculty upon the studies of this course prescribed for this degree. In addition, the Trustees have provided a prize of $100 to be awarded to the student graduating with the highest scholastic average Students who have studied previously at other law schools main­ in the subjects of his final year. A separate award is made in day ~aining a satisfactor_Y standard must spend at least one scholastic year and evening divisions of the school.• m attendance at this law school, in order to be entitled to a degree. • Prizes awarded at June Commencement. 39 NEW YoRK LAW ScHOOL 38 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

Moot Court Awards.-The Trustees of New York Law School Col:a~dell Prize.-In 1908 M ·r. Townsend Wandell, a graduate of have provided a cash award of $100 for the student deemed to have ~b1a Law School, gave by his will a fund of $1 500 "th . done the best work in the final argument of the Moot Court appellate of which sum shall be devoted to the annual h, f e interest b d d pure ase o a medal to competition, and an award in like amount to be divided equally rad Lea:w;;h;ol :~~es~:~:~:tl u;ting that ye~r fr~m the New York among the members of the winning team. Property ,, Th. dal ekeme most proficient in the law of Real • is me , nown as the "Wand 11 M ,, . The Delta Theta Phi Law Fraternity-Kent Senate Award.­ awarded each year, and will be open to the c .. e edal, is The Delta Theta Phi Foundation, Inc., has established an award of in whatever division of the school wh odmpet1t_10n of all students, $50.00 to be presented to that member of the first year evening class, ' 0 gra uate in the same year.* entering New York Law School in the Fall Semester of each year, Sch Elsberg1 f Prize d .-In 1913 M rs. Alb ert Elsberg gave to the Law who obtains the highest average in all first-year subjects. oo a un of $2,000 to establish a prize in memory of h d Only those students are eligible who take in regular course, and ceased son, Albert Marion Elsberg, who was a student in the E;;ni:­ not as transfer students or repeaters, all of the subjects required to School and graduated in the class of 1910 Th. . . g be taken during the first year of the four-year evening course. medal a~d an additional sum of $50 and i~ awa~~:;1~: cothns1sts dof a graduating th t f ( o e stu ent Federal Court Press Association Prizes.-The Federal Court Evening D a year rfom after completing the full course in) the Press Association has donated One Thousand Dollars as a special epartment o the s h 1 h h 1 ficient in the La f C c oo , w o s a 1 be deemed most pro- prize fund to New York Law School. Five Hundred Dollars of w o ontracts, and otherwise deserving."* this donation will be awarded the first year, and Five Hundred Dollars the second year, in each instance, to the New York Law Founders' Memorial Prizes School student who succeeds in writing the prize essay on a subject relating to law and press,-the topic, or topics to be selected by the George. Chase M emona · 1 p rize.-An alumnus who d . remam anonym h b . , es1res to Faculty of New York Law School; the winning essay, or thesis, to ous, as esta hshed an award of $25 00 b be decided upon by a Faculty Committee consisting of not less than sented to the student in th . . to e pre- in the Law of Practice a:d g;~!~:~mg clat who _is most p_roficient two members, each year. deserving. mg, an who is otherwise most Attorney General Nathaniel L. Goldstein Award.-Nathaniel L. Goldstein ( class of '18) , Attorney General of the State of P Robert D. P_ett~ Memorial Prize.-In memory of the late D New York, has announced the award of a medal, yearly, to the etty, a cash pnze m the amount f $25 h b ean graduate of the year, to be nominated by the President and the Dean of the class of 1929 "t th d o as een offered on behalf , 0 e stu ent graduat"1 h h of the School, who has been most proficient in Constitutional Law.* 1 :~: s~::rb:o;pleti~g the full co~rse i?) the ;:ye~las:e:~t~e::::: : The Attorney General also has announced that, in 1950, one of . d e:me most proficient in the Law of Contracts and the two Deputy Assistant Attorneys General whom he appoints each 0th erw1se eservmg." year will be a member of the March or June graduating classes of Alfred G. Reeves Memorial Prize -Th. this school, the only condition being that the graduate be "the best presented to the student in the d . . I~ award of $25 to be all-around graduate", in the estimation of the President and the Dean ficient in the Law of Sales d grah ua~tng c ass_ who is most pro- has been established by a gr~t:;ul ;u:~~s~therw1se most deserving, of the School. • To be awarded at the grnduation ceremonies at the conclusion of the Fall Term of 1950. •p.rzzes awarded at June Commencement. 41 NEW YoRK LAW ScHoOL 40 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

Admission to the Bar of the State of New York Graduates of the New York Law School are eligible at once to Gradteates, March, 1950 take the New York State Bar Examination, if they are citizens of the United States and have been actual residents of this State for the six months immediately prior to the examination. Theodore F. Gilligan Under the Rules of the Court of Appeals of New York, candi­ Sidney Ashkin Saul Glassman dates passing the Bar examination who hold a degree from a law Harold Galloway Ashworth school approved by the State Education Department, such as New •Jack Gooberman, cum laude *Samuel C. Berson, cum laude York Law School, are eligible for admission to practice upon satisfy­ Frank Patrick Gormley ing the requirements of the proper Committee on Character and Charles Colton Bingham • Seymour Grabelsky Fitness. Sol Buchman William James Hannan A clerkship is not required in New York State. William Lawrence Burke Morris Samuel Hirschhorn Every student who intends to apply for admission to the Bar in Arthur Bushman Robert Sheldon Joachim New York State should consult the official pamphlet entitled "Rules Donald Edward Byrne George Frederick Joffe of the Court of Appeals for the Admission of Attorneys and Coun­ Sebastian Cacaci selors-at-Law." There is a copy of this pamphlet in the Registrar's John E. Joyce, Jr. office; or students can obtain a copy by writing to the Clerk of the Herman Joseph Caponi Harold S. Kahn Court of Appeals, Albany, N. Y., enclosing a self-addressed, prepaid Joseph Catenaccio Sidney Kohn envelope. *Sidney Cohen Sophronia Verge Lake John Robert Curti Ernest Scott Langley, Jr. *Clifford A. Davis • Russell F. Laux, cum laude *Edwin H. Dembicer Melvin Moses Lebetkin Sebastian Destro Eldridge Leonard *Thomas Paul Dougherty, mm laude Thomas Edwin Logan, Jr. Jack M. Entes Edward Thomas Longo Seymour Ira Feig •John s. Longo, cum laude David Feldman William C. Martin Jerome Friedman • Sol Mintz, cum laude •Mayrose Friedman, cum laude

• Member of Torch and Scroll Honor Society. NEW YoRK LAW Sc HOOL 43 42 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

The Trustees' Prizes

(Continued) • FIRST YEAR SCROLL (MORNING) First-Robert S. Sherwood • Second-Clifford A. Davis •

SECOND YEAR SCROLL (MORNING) George Bennett Moon Cornelius Michael Shine Both of equal merit for the First Scroll Frederick Arthur Mussenden •Warren Jack Sinsheimer, cum laude Robert Sarokin Thomas Walter O'Connell •William Milligan Sloane, cum laude Robert S. Sherwood Second-William Milligan Sloane •James Lincoln Quinlan Dutee Loring Smith Salvatore John Ragone Arnold Jerome Soiffer • Sebastian Randazzo, cum laude •Emanuel Tannenbaum SECOND YEAR SCROLL (AFTERNOON) James Wells Randolph Norman Turk First-Russell F. Laux •Stanley Theodore Roberts Laura Valdes Second-Thomas Herbert Ryan James Aloysius Roe, Jr. Clarence Clark Van Fleet • Jerome Rolnick Chaloner Shaver Waterbury THIRD YEAR SCROLL (MORNING) Austin William Ruch Bernard Joseph Wesnofske First-Robert S. Sherwood •Thomas Herbert Ryan, cum laude •James M. Woods Second-Warren Jack Sinsheimer •Robert Sarokin, cum laude Arthur William Worth Sheldon Norman Schoen Arthur Edward Young • Richard S. Sherman George Henry Yeadon, Jr. THIRD YEAR SCROLL (AFTERNOON) •Robert S. Sherwood, cum laude First-Thomas Herbert Ryan Second-Russell F. Laux

• Member of Torch and Scroll Honor Society. •

NT GRADUATING WITH HIGHEST THE $100 PRIZE-T HE STUDE SCHOLASTIC AVERAGE IN SUBJECTS OF FINAL YEAR Robert S. Sherwood 44 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 45 The Founders' Memorial Prizes Register of Students THE GEORGE CHASE MEMORIAL PRIZE-$25 For proficiency in the Law of Pleading and Practice Aaronson, Sara K. Baratta, Alfred A. Accurso, Leonarda N. Barbagallo, Anthony J. Robert S. Sherwood Adda, Eloise Elvira Barnett, Erwin M. Adel, Samuel Baron, Irving Adler, Daniel Baron, Martin L. • Ahern, Charles D. Baron, Martin Lewis Ahmuty, Frederick R. Barracca, Peter S. THE ROBERT D. PETIT MEMORIAL PRIZE-$25 Akselrod, Heather Barry, William A. Alder, Stanley Bartzos, Thomas H. For proficiency in the Law of Contracts in the D D. . . ay tVISIOn Alexander, Elliott Bauer, John P. David Feldman Alexander, Jennie Beach, Harry Alexander, Lillian Beck, Harry Allio, Remo A . Beck, Louis • Altschul, Leonard Becker, Frederic A. Amado, Rudolph Beckford, Felix Garvey Amann, Edward J., Jr. Begly, John Rowe THE ALFRED G. REEVES MEMORIAL PRIZE-$25 Amato, James A. Beizer, Sydney For Proficiency in the Law of Sales Ambrose, Myles J. Bellon, Charles A. Edwin H. Dembicer Amon, Arthur Howard, Jr. Beltzer, Herman Martin Andreoli, Salvatore F. Bensi, Vincent John, Jr. Andrews, Alexander, Jr. Berado, Guy C. Annunziato, Emil R. Berel, Harold Anooshian, Ara Berger, Herbert Appleman, Joseph Berl, Mortimer The W andetl Prize Archosky, Joel Berlanti, Samuel F. Armstrong, William Verner Berman, Frederic S. Arnowitt, Edwin Bernstein, Robert A. A MEDAL Ashley, Alice Berti, Albert J. For proficiency in the Law of Real Property Ashmead, John Robert Betros, Norman G. Russell F. Laux Auerbach, Herbert B. Bilgrey, Felix J. Ava lone, Edward J. Birnbaum, Harry Avedisian, Michael Bishara, Daniel W. Avrach, Morton Bits es, James Bachrach, Stanley M. Black, Norman J. Backal, Lorraine Blackman, Robert Irwin The Pilatsky Prize Bader, Martin Bloom, Monroe H. Balaban, Reuben Blust, Grace Love LAW BOOKS Balint, George C. Bobick, Elliot B. Ballatore, Adeline M. Bobrolf, Harold For the highest average for the entire couru Balsamo, Joseph G. Bocchieri, Sebastian S. Robert S. Sherwood Bandel!, Lester Bodkin, John J. Banks, Richard V. Boeggeman, John E. 47 NBW YoRK LAW ScHOOL 46 NEw YoRK LAW ScHoOL

Dillon, John J. Cooney, Henry F. Bokras, Eugene Caronna, Dominick A. Dimin, Lionel S. Cooper, Harold Bolin, Lionel E. Carr, Herbert Di Nome, Anthony Joseph Cooper, John C. Bolte, Manfred E. Carroll, Francis James Di Pirro, John C. Cooper, Ned Bonarrigo, Anthony Carroll, William R. Di Pompo, Nicholas Cooperman, Melvin B. Di Raimo, Vincent J. Bond, John L. A. Carter, Morse B. Cornell, Paul A. Di Santi, Nicholas A. Bookbinder, Ely G. Catalano, John P. Corrigan, Mary Louise Di Tolla, Alfred W. Borda, William F. Catellier, Ernest M. Corvan, Thomas G. Dixon, John C. Botwin, Maxwell Cattaro, Carl J. Coscia, George A. Doherty, James L. Bove, Phillip A. Cavolo, Matthew J. Coster, John I. Donnelly, Kevin J. Bower, John J. Cerchiara, Anthony Vincent Costigan, Daniel E. Donohue, John J. Bowling, George S. Cerchiara, Vincent F. Courtney, Thomas J. Donovan, Edward F. Boyd, Vincent James Cestaro, G. Thomas Coykendall, Robert Donovan, John R. Boyle, John M. Chadwick, Russell H. W. Crawford, Raymond T. Chance, Philip Drury,JohnJ. Bradley, Matthew A. Crist, Jacob E. Chance, William C., Jr. Dubitsky, Fred Brandt, Emanuel R. Crockett, Emory H. Du Bow, Myron B. Brandt, J. Michael Chiotes, George Croft, John S. Chouake, Abe Duggan, James J. Brandwein, Irving W. Cuba, Benjamin A. Dunseath, Robert J ., Jr. Chovanec, Frank E. Brannigan, Eugene J. Curcio, Richard E. Dworman, Alvin J. Braun, Harold S. Cicero, Gerard J ., Jr. Cutler, Perry Clancy, William H. Dwyer, Edward J. Braverman, Sidney Dailey, Andrew Jackson Dwyer, Martin, Jr. Clare, Paul W. Breitbart, Sheldon Daily, Henry R. Dyer, John F. Broderick, Robert E. Clare, Walter B. Daitz, Lewis R. Clarke, Edward C. Ebert, Michael Brodsky, Lowell B. D' Alessandro, Girolama Egan, Thomas J. Clay, Edgar M. Bronstein, Alvin J. Daly, James J. Eiber, Bernard M. Clune, Russel J. Brown, Felix Harry Darrigo, Angelo Eichler, Lawrence B. Coan, Edward A. Brown, Seymour Darrow, Stewart Fred Eigen, Samuel B. Cohen, Abraham Browne, James E. Darzy, Leo Einbinder, Joseph Cohen, Frederick Brunell, Philip M. Davis, Richard Eisner, Lewis R. Cohen, Irving A. Buckley, Francis X. Dec, Joseph I. Ellenbogen, Melvin C. Cohen, Jerome M. Del Giudice, August John Burnham, Robert L. English, Harry G. Cohen, Louis Delrosso, Anthony N. Burrascano, Dominick Entes, David H. Cohen, Morris De Luca, Robert Wilson Byrd, Stephen F. Erickson, Frank J. Cable, Arthur G., Jr. Cohen, Seymour S. De Lucie, Robert S. Ericson, Norman W. Cagan, Melvin Cohen, Sol J. Dengler, Hilda S. Fahn, Lester D. De Rosa, Vincent J. Cain, Joseph A., Jr. Cohen, Stanley A. Falk, Harold De Vierno, Vincent F., Jr. Cameron, James W. Cohn, Herbert J. Fallon, John R. De Vito, Anthony J. Campo, Rosario Colgan, Frederick R. Farley, Thomas M. Columbus, Gennaro G. De Witt, Winfield Donald Cantatore, Paul A. Fater, Joseph F., Jr. Cappelli, Joseph Coman, Muriel S. Di Biase, Frank J. Feiman, Richard Caputo, Lewis A., Jr. Condon, James M. Dicker, Harold Wolf Feingold, Jack Cardinale, Anthony J. Connelly, Thomas F. Dickson, William N. Feit, Alvin Carilli, Umberto A. Connolly, John J. Di Fiore, Victor J. Feit, Charles Carlson, Theodore D. Connors, Robert P. Di Franco, Theodore Felder, Nina L. Carlton, Robert T. Conway, John J., Jr. DiLalla, Sam Daniel Carney, Edward C. Coogan, Wm. F. 49 LAW Sc HOOL 48 NEW YORK LAW SCH 00 L NEW YoRK

Hodor, Louis Ferrucci, Albie Salvatore Gaines, Morris Goodman, Jay S. Hoenig, Arthur Fertels, Alfred H. Galatz, Max Goodman, Paul Holbrook, Martin E. Fetell, Lester E. Gale£, Stanley H. Goodman, Philip Hood, Harold L. Fiasconaro, Vincent A. Gallagher, Charles B. Gordon, Sherwood Hornwood, Carl Goodyear Fier, Seymour Gamser, Howard Gordon, Warren Horowitz, Irving Gorman, Edward Filou, Antonio J. Ganey, William M. Hughes, James A. Fine, Fred D. Grainger, George J. Gangemi, Natale J. Hughes, Stanley J. Fingerman, Leon Garaude, Alfred L. Granik, Robert R. Hull, Lloyd N. Fink, Myron Garber, Yale Grant, Raymond Ianniello, Mario G. Finn, Edward S. Gardner, John Grasso, Carmen Ianno, John P. Fitzgerald, Francis W. Garr, Leon J. Greco, Anthony Peter Imperato, Louis G., Jr. Fitzpatrick, John C. Garson, Irving A. Greco, Philip A. Iorio, Armand Anthony Fitzpatrick, Robert J. Gelchion, J oho A. Greeley, Marjorie Fleisig, Samuel Jacob Gelfand, Seymour Greenberg, Maurice R. Irvin, John T. Fleming, James J. Gellman, Eugene Greenberger, Helen I selin, Carol Lila Flynn, Jeremiah W. Gellman, Melvin Greenspan, David S. Jacobs, Frederick L. Foeppel, Jerome G. Gelman, Sol Grillo, Joseph James, Leonard Foley, Charles H., Jr. Gersheohorn, Boris Grossman, Bernard M. Janin, Harry Ford, Alfred G. Getzfeld, Robert B. Gundersen, Sidney Jankowitz, Barnet Ford, Eugene F. Giaconne, Carman Haber, Alan W. J enseo, Carl Forman, Leon M. Giamboi, Joseph N. Haber, Sanford Alan Jetter, Harold Formickella, Eugene A. Gianfrate, Ralph Eugene Hagstrom, Nils A. J ochimsoo, Robert Fox, J oho J oscph Giannecchini, Aldo A. Haines, M., Jr. Joffe, Theodore H. Fox, Murray Gifford, James Lloyd Haller, Alice F. Johansen, Hans A. Franceschini, Gino Gildin, Leon H. Halper, Norman H. Johnson, Edward G. Franchino, C. Conrad Gilman, Albert I. Ha Ivey, Thomas J. Johnston, James J • Frank, Julian A. Gilman, Benjamin A. Hamerman, Martin Jones, John Paul Frank, Samuel Ginsburg, Milton Handelman, Seymour N. Jones, Laurence C., Jr. Frankenberg, Alvin Gioia, Guido H. Harman, Mortimer F., Jr. Jorsling, Alexander E. Frant, Samuel Giordano, William J. Harrison, Walter James Kahn, David M. Fr:isca, Eugene Philip Giovinazzo, Jerry B. Hartenstioe, Charles J., Jr. Kaht, Joseph E. Frasca, Michael M. Glaser, Sidney B. Hawkins, Samuel A. Kane, E. Joe Frascinella, Salvatore Gleicher, Mortimer Head, George, Jr. Kane, Mary J. F. Frederick, Irving Gleicher, Raymond Heaton, Lawrence A. Kaplan, George Milton Freeman, Samuel H. Glinert, Irving Heffernan, Thomas R. Kaplan, Harry Freese, William G. Gaglio, Ferdinand R. Heiss, Abraham L. Kaplan, Jacob R. Freidman, David M. Gold, Louis Hendel, Murray Kaplan, Morris A. Frenkel, Herbert M. Gold, Simon Hendon, Elihu Kaplan, Solomon D. Friedman, Morris Golden, David S. Henning, Richard A. Kargrnan, David Friedman, Ralph Golden, Jules Herman, Richard H. Karrel, A.L. Friedman, Seymour J. Hershey, Martin Goldman, Harold H. Katz, Bernard Fuller, Robert H. Goldsmith, David H. Herzich, John J. Katz, Irving Furst, Gerald Higgins, Joseph G. Goldstein, Saul Kauffman, Garson H. Fusfield, Leonard Gollinopoulos, Christ Hilly, Gerald W. Kaye, Harold Gaherty, William V. Goodman, Howard Hislop, David C. 50 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL 51

Kayton, Robert J. Lasher, Martin McGettigan, Edward T. Matthews, Adelbert C., Jr. Keahon, Douglas P. Latker, Charles A. McGlew, John James Mattioli, Edward A. Keating, Robert Alfred Laudo, Philip L. McGoey, John J. Meara, Charles E. Keiner, Charles H. Leahy, William Joseph McGrath, Philip J. Meckler, Jerome Keinz, Donald E. Lefkowitz, Meyer McGuffog, Howard E. Mee, John Daniel Kellner, Louis Leibner, Stanley McGuffog, Norman Martin Mellor, Robert G. Kelly, Paul B. Leidel, Victor H. McGuire, John P. Melton, David H. Kennedy, Anthony J., Jr. Leider, Irving J. McHale, Edward J. Menna, Ferdinand C. Kennedy, Kevin P. Lenane, Thomas A. McHugh, Thomas R. Mercatelli, Dominick A. Keogh, Grenville T., Jr. Lerner, Alfred D. McLaughlin, Robert E. Mergardt, William J. Kerin, James J. Lerner, George McNamara, William J. Metz, William A. Kastenbaum, Herbert Meyer, Herman J. Lerner, Julius McQuade, James T. Kettner, George E. Meyers, Ralph Lerner, Nathan McQuade, Joseph P. Kiley, Edward A. Micco, Anthony J. Leroy, Jacques L. MacDevitt, James C., Jr. Kiley, John F. Michalos, Constantine A. Letsen, Royden A. Mack, Hazel Bien King, Harold K. Michalos, Elvirn Letter, Harvey Mackler, Robert B. King, William G. Madison, George W. Miele, Charles A. Levidow, David Joel Miller, Irving J. Kingsland, Mayme Gordon Levine, Anna Magaziner, Wallace Magro, Anthony V. Miller, Oscar T. K'.ngsley, George Howard, Jr. Levine, Charles Jacob Millett, John J. Kirby, Eugene W. Lewy, Claude Mahoney, William B. Maleck, Sidney Mintzer, Seymour Kirby, Richard J. Lieberman, Harold Mallon, Francis Mizrahi, Morris Kirk, Edward J., Jr. Lifschitz, Jacob R. Moacanin, Milan Kivilis, Samuel Leon Linden, Fred Malloy, William M. Maloney, Anthony J., Jr. Moldover, Hyman Paul Klein, Robert W. Li Sooey, Robert Mandel, Newton Molin, Herbert Klingshoffer, Bernard Litwin, Harry W. Manheimer, Joseph C. F. Molinari, Guy V. Knecht, Edward Lombardi, Joseph A. Mannarino, Andrew Molowa, Albert L. Knopping, Lester George Looby, James G. Manning, Seymour Momberger, Charles A. Koenigsberg, Herman Loucatos, Lawrence Mannix, James M., Jr. Monaco, Rose A. Koppelman, Frank David Loughran, Patrick M. Marcus, Nathaniel Monahan, Raymond A. Kozupsky, Harold Lowenbraun, Morton Markovits, Wilbert Montague, Ernest G. Krakowski, M. E. Lowther, Dollie Markowitz, Bert Monteverdi, Dominick Kramer, Jack F. Lupinacci, Frank Anthony Marks, Charles Mooney, Arthur S. Kramer, Le Roy A. Lynn, R. Laura Marks, Morton Moore, George P. Kroner, Donald McCaffrey, Bernard Marks, William D. Moore, William L. McCaffrey, Cornelius D. Kubicek, Thomas M. Marraccini, Silvio P. Morel, Edward L., Jr. McCaffrey, Joseph F. Kuntz, William J. Marshall, Lyle A. Morfogenis, Nicholas P. Kurlander, Neale McCally, John J. Marshall, Reginald S. Morgan, Clifford H. La Barbera, Peter J. McCartan, Carl Bernard Martin, Jack Morris, Leonard La Greca, Francis J. McCarthy, Joseph M. Martin, Joseph J. Morrison, Marvin Lamb, Thomas L., Jr. McCloskey, William E. Martin, Kenneth Morrissey, Harold J. Landau, William M. McCoy, Peter F. McDonald, Jack Martini, Francis E. Morton, Morton Aaron Landy, James J. McDonald, James J. Marturano, Salvatore A. Moscovitz, Myron Lane, Seymour s. McEwen, Peter J., Jr. Masters, Ralph Moses, David L. La Pasta, Donald McGetrick, J oho B. Matatia, Joseph V. Moss, Maxwell J. YORK LAW SCH 00 L 53 52 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW

Rosenthal, Ralph Moss, Morris H. Oliver, Charles E. Prizant, Jane E. Rosenthal, Sam Most, Emanuel Olonoff, Alfred Procopio, Mario A. Rosov, Leroy Bruce Mullen, Edward P. O'Neill, Thomas J. Quigley, Charles E. Ross, Robert Mulligan, Edward E. Opramolla, Robert P. Quinn, Edward J ., Jr. Mund, Walter Orr, Lawrence F. Quinn, Thomas Joseph Roth, Walter J. Munoz, Ralph O'Rourke, Edward Rabinowitz, Eli Rothman, Alvin Murphy, Francis T., Jr. O'Shaughnessy, S. R. Ramantanin, Policarpos Roundtrea, Arthur L., Sr. Murphy, Tom Ostberg, Henry Rand, Harold Roush, George E. Murphy, Vincent J. Ostrau, Stanley Stefan Raphan, Bernard Rowe, Joseph K. Muth, Arthur E. Ostrow, Robert William Rappaport, Irving Rubenstein, Jesse Nachay, Joseph O'Toole, Thomas J. Rasher, Howard Wm. Rubin, Louis Nardone, Philbin Padula, Vincent P. Ratti, William F. Rubino, John J. Nathan, Arthur F. Palumbo, Joseph F. Raucher, Sidney 0. Rudinsky, Joseph D. Natkins, Mortimer J. Pappas, Demetrios C. Raybin, George Nimbs Rush, Martin V. Nead, John Joseph Pare, John Gaspard Reade, Leonard Jay Ruskin, Robert Kenneth Neary, James J. Parisi, Rocco Realberg, Leo Russell, Alvin M. Necroto, Bartholomew Parker, George H. J. Rechief, F. A. Ryan, John M. Neeson, John T. Parker, Mark B. Reddington, Joseph Jerome Ryan, Vincent J. Nepola, G. Thomas Parkin, Charles Lawrence Redfield, James W. Sabata, Anthony Newman, Bennett L. Patestides, Michael Reed, Philip Hamilton Sacco, Cornelius Newman, Harold H. Pecora, Francis N. Reese, Ivan E. Sacks, Allan Aaron Nicholson, George T. Pedersen, Peer T. Reese, William L., Jr. Saddler, James R. Nickelsen, Henry C., Jr. Peluso, Dominick R. Saeli, Richard C. Niles, Roland J. Reid, Aldric Perosi, Anthony V. Salesky, Willie Niles, William I. Reid, Thomas H., Jr. Perrotta, Carmine J. Saltzman, Isidore Noble, Arthur W. Peterson, Lloyd Reidy, Harry J. Samiof, Leo Noel, Sydney H. Philips, Christo Reiner, Emil Samuels, Mark M. Nolan, John T. Phillips, Raymond A. Reiss, Edward A. Santorelli, Salvator L. Nolan, Joseph Steven Picariello, John L. Resta, Leonard Sarfaty, Sam Nordlicht, Irving Picco, Carl A., Jr. Reynolds, Thomas J. Norllus, Morris Picone, Louis Riccio, Michael Sarro, Joseph Nottage, Gtcorge Pietrantonio, Louis V. Rich, Francis L. Sass, Jerome K. November, Walter L. Plesser, Alfred L. Ritterbusch, Edward R. Savoca, Vincent Nugent, John A. Plotkin, Jerome Robbins, Arthur Saypol, Eugene S. Oberst, John C. Podrid, Albert Rogers, Rochester H., Jr. Scalia, Thomas C. O'Brien, Francis Robert Pollaci, Joseph A. Ronder, Charles S. Scanlan, Harry J. O'Brien, James John Pompa, Anthony D. Root, Benjamin Scavone, Emanuel O'Brien, John T. Pope, Generoso P. Rose, Norman Schachter, Max W. O'Brien, Martin Francis Popper, Melvin S. Rosen, Leonard D. Schamarock, Daniel O'Brien, Robert Patrick Porges, Harry Rosen, Robert N. Schapiro, Julius W. Ocko, Murray H. Posner, Jack I. Rosenberg, Jack Schechter, Arthur O'Connor, William F. Post, Theodore Rosenfeld, Leonard Scher, Samuel O'Hanlon, Jerome C. Potter, Clarice Rosenstock, Maurice Schimpf, Charles Robert O'Keefe, J oho Pratt, Howard A., Jr. Rosenstone, Howard Schloemer, Henry A. O'Leary, William M. Prisamt, George Rosenthal, Leonard E. Schlosser, Leonard H. NEW YoRK LAW ScHOOL 55 54 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

Weiselberg, Bernard Schnapp, Stanley Sneed, Benjamin Tolchin, Martin Weiss, Allen Schneider, George B. Tomaselli, Eugene A. Socha, Joseph F. Weiss, Edward A. Schneider, Jerome Solomon, Louis Toomey, James J. III Weiss, Myles E. Schneider, Victor M. Sorahan, Daniel M. Torraca, Joseph P., Jr. Weissman, Jacob M. Schuler, Valentine Soviero, Donald L. Toschi, Amedeo P. Weissman, S. Arthur Schuman, Jack Spatz, Gerald Towbias, Isidore M. Welch, William H. Schwartz, Bernard Spilka, Sidney Travers, Jules B. Weller, Julian Leslie Schwartz, Jay R. Spitznagel, Carl, Jr. Tsoucalas, Nicholas West, Alexander Theodore Schwartz, Muriel A. Sponsler, John B. Tuchman, Bert Whelley, Donald J. Schwartz, Robert Norman Spraggins, Roy T. Tuomey, T. Douglas, Jr. White, Eugene T. Sciacca, Joseph R. Stage, Douglas Uberall, Irving White, Gerard M. Scolari, Arthur P. Starkman, Jack Uran, Irwin Wayne 'Whittemore, Donald P. Seibert, Arthur Stein, Irving Uran, Maurice Arthur Wiener, Abraham E. Seidman, Robert L. Stein, Leroy S. Urso, Anthony Wiener, Bernard S. Seliger, Murray Steinberg, Harold Utz, Edward C. Wilchins, Saul Arthur Seligman, Melvin Steinman, Kenneth Valenti, Dominick A. Wilenken, Ira Seltzer, Gerald Stelljes, Charles F. Vali, Stephen A. Wilhelm, Raymond J. Senter, William J. Stern, Marie-Louise Vedder, John M. ,vilk, Franklyn Burt Servis, William G. Stern, Milford Michael Verga, Anthony J. Severin, H. D. Sternbach, Henry M. Verschuuren, Charles L. Williams, Hugh R. Shamulka, George Stewart, James W. Wilson, Rusell Harry Victor, Donald Shapiro, Laurence L. Stiller, Philip D. Winston, Harold Victor, Eugene Shaps, Burton Strauss, Alfred Winston, James Stewart Vincent, Cornelius Shaughnessy, Richard Strom, Martin Winter, Alfred R. Wald, Morris Shea, William P. Sturisky, Abraham David Witt, Robert E. Wallach, Jeffrey J. Sheehan, Arthur B., Jr. Sturzer, Robert V. Walsh, Elizabeth Fay Wohl, Bernard Shepps, Benjamin Bale Suchin, Miles B. Wolchok, Daniel Wandler, Morris Sherman, Milton H. Sugerman, Robert Wolf, Alexand~r, Jr. Ward, John H. Sherman, Robert A. Sullivan, John James Vincent Wolf, Haskell Ward, Thomas F. Shore, Carol Howard Sutton, Oliver C. Wolinsky, Harry Shur, Sidney Julius Warner, Charles A. Swanson, John R. E. Worth, Richard B. Sidereas, Arthur L. Warren, Patrick D. Sweeney, John W. Wright, Bruce McM. Siegel, Leonard Tait, Albert E. Warshaw, Milton Yavneh, Raphael Silver, Morris Tamar in, Robert P. Washington, Robert T. Yrizarry, Theodore Philip Silverblatt, Stanley Tannanbaum, Elliott Wasser, David L. Zaslow, Gerson G. Simon, Michael M. Tantillo, Paul J. Wasserman, Stanley S. Zemlock, Albert Siragusa, Angelo G. Tapper, Sol Wehringer, Cameron K. Zimmerman, Harvey Sirkus, Roslyn Taulty, John P. Weicholz, David Zimmermann, George Slawotsky, Nathan Tennenbaum, Philip Weiner, Joseph Zivin, Gilbert J. Slifkin, William Thomas Tesoriero, Bartolo Joseph Wein/lash, Bernard Zoref, Bernard Smith, Denis P. Thomas, James H. Weinstein, Aaron Zwerling, Irving Smith, George W. Thomas, Richard H. Weireter, Leonard J., Jr. Smith, Murray Jack Thompson, Frank L. Weisel, Wilbur Smolowitz, Sidney Tirella, Charles P. Smyth, Dorothy W. Tobias, Robert Palmer 57 56 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

21 Index Examinations, Fee for ------37 Examinations for Degrees ------Administrative Staff --- 10 10 Faculty ------Admission, Requirements for 18 21 Fees - - Admission to the Bar (New York State) 40 18 First Year Class ------Advanced Standing ------19 34 Grades - Application Fee 21 21 Aptitude Test, Fee for Graduate Courses - 21 , 41 Graduates, March, 1950 ---- Attendance --- 35 22 Graduation, Fee for -- Board of Trustees - lV 12 History of the School - ~ ------Books ----- 33 18 Hours for School Office - Calendar, School - 12 29 Insolvency ------Certificates, Charge for - 22 29 Insurance ------Charter ---- 8 28 Jurisprudence, Elements of ------Conflict of Laws - 27 24 Late Registration ------Constitutional Law 27 17 Law Office Placement Bureau -- - - - Contracts 27 32 Lectures, Special ------Corporations ---- 27 29 Legal Bibliography - Courses of Study 25 29 27 Legal Profession, The Criminal Law and Procedure 33 25 Library --- - - • Day Course --- 17 28 Location and Facilities of the School - - - - - · Decedents Estates - 18 36 Matriculated Students Degrees ---- 13 27 Method of Instruction Description of Courses (LL.B.) 33 36 Moot Court ------Diplomas ------30 Dismissal and Discipline ------22 Negotiable Instruments -- - - 12 Domestic Relations -- 28 Objectives of the School - - - - - 18 "Dwight System" --- 13 Office, The School - 32 Elements of Jurisprudence - 28 Office and Court Study ------28 21 Elements of Procedure - Other Fees ------Elements of Property - 28 30 Partnership Equity 29 30 Pleading ------Evening Course ---- 26 30 Practice ------Evidence ------29 Examinations - 34 58 NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL

Prizes 37 Probationary Standing ------35 Problem Analysis - - 30 Procedure, Elements of - 28 Program ------23 Projects, Special Study - 32 Property, Elements of ------28 Real Property I - - - 31 Real Property II - - - 31 Register of Students ------44 Registration - 23 Requirements for Admission 18 Sales ------31 Scholarships ------22 School Calendar 12 School Office, The ------18 School Year 20 Semi-Centenary Committee ----- 1 Special Requests -- 36 Special Students - - - 20 Special Study Projects - 32 Student Aid Fund ---- 23 Students, Register of - - 44 Suretyship - - - - 31 Torts ------31 Transcripts, Charge for - - - - - 22 Transfers from Other Law Schools -- 19 Trustees, Board of iv Trustees Prizes 42 Trusts 32 Tuition Fees 21 Wills --- - 32 Withdrawals 22