War in Western Sahara War in Western Sahara

30/05/2021 war in western sahara war in western sahara

1 novembre 2020 ● MEDECINE 0

But the political determination of the Sahrawi people is not going to disappear simply because it is systematically overlooked. Joseph Hammond The United States should pay careful attention to the brewing conflict in the Sahara which if left unchecked could contribute to destabilizing forces across North Africa and the Sahel. [6] Raquel Ojeda-García and Joanna Allan, eds., “Why do Natural Resources Matter in the Western Sahara Conflict? [7] Personal conversation with Fatma Mehdi in the SADR, March 2012. An Algerian-backed independence movement — which holds a fifth of the territory — has campaigned for a vote on self-determination through decades of war and deadlock. The war in Western Sahara is being rendered invisible to protect what has been a productive status quo for Morocco and its powerful international allies. Indeed, the prospect of making Sahrawi political advances through military might alone is highly unlikely. I mean war. At the time, European powers criminalized these actions, dismissing them as banditry. [3] Alice Wilson, “On the Margins of the Arab Spring,” Social Analysis 57/2 (2012). The Polisario Front inaugurated its armed anti-colonial movement with a raid on a Spanish colonial checkpoint at al-Khanga on May 20, 1973. A new burst of energy is palpable online as young Sahrawi men and women organize livestreams and post regular images of demonstrations in the SADR and in the diaspora. Seeking to interrupt a peace process that was providing time to bloat the colonization of Western Sahara, the SPLA’s missiles directly target a military berm but, more obliquely, they aim to open up space for Sahrawi futures. The U.S. military, unbeknownst to most people in the United States — it’s perfectly knowable but few give a damn — arms and trains and funds the militaries of the world, including almost all of the most brutal governments of the world. Photo by Liman Bachir. The systematic ineffectiveness of the UN mediated peace process can only be explained by examining what Morocco’s allies (especially France, Spain and the United States) see as the opportunities and benefits of the on-going occupation of Western Sahara. As I […] October 2020. Western Sahara is thus not a case of frozen conflict – but rather, of a war of attrition. Western Sahara is a former Spanish colony mostly under Morocco’s control. The current war in Western Sahara may be invisible to most, but it is leaving its mark on Sahrawi history. In October 2020 a group of Sahrawis stopped traffic across the road for 22 days—not the first time that the border between Western Sahara and northern Mauritania has taken center stage in this territorial conflict. [9] Laura Feliu and María Angustias Parejo, “The Western Saharan Members of the Moroccan Parliament: Diplomacy and Perceptions of Identity” in Raquel Ojeda García, Irene Fernández-Molina, and Victoria Veguilla, eds. [5] Throughout the duration of the ceasefire, North American, European and Moroccan corporative ventures have routinely engaged in the illegal extraction of Western Sahara’s resources, including exporting phosphates, fish, agricultural produce and sand from the territory, as well as investments in wind energy farms and in the exploration of oil reserves. Western Sahara does not control its own airspace - it falls within both the GCCC/Canarias and the GOOO/Dakar FIRs, which may complicate airspace management should the conflict escalate. Tellingly, between 1950 and 1983, over 90 percent of U.S. arms deliveries to Morocco occurred during the first 7 years of the Western Sahara war. Today Morocco occupies roughly three-fourths of the territory, while the rest falls under the de facto control of the Polisario Front, a nationalist independence movement formed in 1973 to fight Spanish colonialism. War looms in Western Sahara Morocco demands UN pull out troops after Ban condemns 'occupation,' Sahrawi independence groups warn doing so spells return of war. When Spain, the former colonial power, withdrew from the territory in 1975, Morocco took it over. Global, Regional and Local Dimensions of Western Sahara’s Protracted Decolonization: When a Conflict Gets Old (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). Is this a meaningful task in a society overloaded with … Boukas used the “N24” web channel to report the recruitment of 600 agents in charge of conducting … [11] Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1963), p 83. Progress on the issue has been at a standstill ever since Morocco and the Polisario Front signed a cease-fire agreement in 1991, but Rabat recently scored a few diplomatic wins, such as the United States’ move to recognise Moroccan sovereignty over … Rabat, 4 January 2021 (SPS) – Researcher, journalist and former agent of the Moroccan intelligence services Farid Boukas spoke on his Facebook page of a lack of confidence and serenity within the command of the Moroccan army after the outbreak of the 2nd war in Western Sahara. About 600,000 people live in Western Sahara, a desert about the size of the United Kingdom. When Spain left, neighboring Morocco and Mauritania sent in military forces, dividing the former Spanish colony between them. [1] Juan Carlos Gimeno Martín and Juan Ignacio Robles Picón, “Towards a Counter-History of Western Sahara,” Les Cahiers d’EMAM, 24/25 (2015). Their lives are marked by the physical, structural and symbolic violence of participating in a peace process that, as the former Secretary General of the National Union of Sahrawi Women once put it to me, “feels like a retro-process.”[7], Indeed, this peace process has provided Morocco with the political advantage of time. Today the Polisario Front explicitly identifies these early warriors as their predecessors. To Morocco, this road is a key piece of infrastructure in its ambitious development goals to improve regional connectivity and position itself as a major Maghrebi power. By retaining longstanding nomadic practices and values, their anti- colonial movement sustains and regenerates itself in diaspora, through practices of human mobility and within the sovereign spaces of other nation-states. The ceasefire collapsed after Morocco […] As a Spanish-Canadian anthropologist, my account of the significance of Western Sahara’s resumed war is heavily influenced by the https://www.healthandlifestyle.fr/y4wt5mfy/julia-louis-dreyfus-inheritance 1/4 30/05/2021 war in western sahara many relationships I formed with Sahrawis while carrying out long-term ethnographic research in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). Time to continue urbanizing and settling Western Sahara. The fact that this road was built under the passive watch of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) only served to heighten Sahrawi indignation. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self- proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, while the remaining 80% of the territory is occupied and administered by neighboring Morocco. [5] Stephen Zunes and Jacob Mundy, Western Sahara: War, Nationalism and Conflict Irresolution (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2010). The FAA advise aircraft operating in the region to stay in touch with ATC and be prepared for possible airspace restrictions and reroutes. A brief history of Western Sahara. They are using online video messages, poems and memes in different languages to bring attention to their resumed armed struggle and to share information and perspectives among themselves. This would be in no one’s best interest. Storytime: Polisario’s Imagined War in Western Sahara Explained Polisario’s war in theory. The Western Sahara, or former Spanish Sahara, is an expanse of desert measuring over 260,000 square kilometers, bordered by Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania. [2] The SADR is a polity in southern Algeria where close to 173,000 Sahrawi refugees live under the Polisario Front’s leadership. Their movement obtained the support of non-aligned countries, most significantly that of Algeria, which remains the Polisario Front’s strongest ally and supporter to this day. As a result, Saharan political identities occupy a blind spot in social scientific area studies. About 600,000 people live in Western Sahara, a desert roughly the size of the UK. So why return to armed struggle at all? But 30 years after the UN peace mission MINURSO was dispatched to the region, the referendum that Sahrawi people had settled for has not yet taken place. The Western Sahara conflict. The post-Cold War shift in Western foreign policy from containing communism to containing Islamic fundamentalism underscores why maintaining friendly relations with Morocco’s regime was prioritized over ensuring respect for Sahrawi political rights and enforcing the application of international law in the region. A map of Western Sahara by the United Nations with the berm marked in brown. Western Sahara, territory occupying an extensive desert Atlantic-coastal area of northwest Africa. On 20 May he led the Khanga raid, Polisario's first armed action, [citation needed… As such, Morocco violated the terms of the UN-mediated peace process, which both parties had agreed to in 1991, when it first opened a passage through the berm in 2001 and started building a road across the zone to Mauritania in 2016 without Sahrawi consent. The main driver of this colonisation is natural resources. In response to this new violation of the 1991 UN-mediated ceasefire, the secretary general of the Polisario Front, Brahim Ghali, acquiesced to the popular will of Sahrawi refugees by making the long-awaited announcement that the Sahrawi People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) would resume its armed struggle. This would be in no one’s best interest. War brews in Western Sahara as Trump strikes Morocco-Israel deal A hilltop manned by Moroccan soldiers in the Western Sahara. A war was fought until 1991, when the UN brokered a ceasefire and installed a peacekeeping force – the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara, known by its French acronym, MINURSO. Other Human Rights Issues Related to The Western Sahara Conflict Western Sahara. To those of us who study and follow news about the conflict over Western Sahara closely, the scant and distorted coverage that Sahrawi political expression receives is far from unfamiliar. The Polisario front's classification, A battlefield transformed: from guerilla resistance to mass nonviolent struggle in the Western Sahara, Making History in the Sahara: Historiography in the Nationalist Discourse of the Polisario Front, 1973-1976 - Healy Thesis. We use cookies for a number of reasons, such as keeping FT Sites reliable and secure, personalising content and ads, providing social media features and to analyse how our Sites are used. Anti-colonial resistance in and around this border can be traced back to when it was first built by European colonizers in the early twentieth century. At a crossroads between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, the Saharan desert has long been misconstrued in colonial discourses as a largely unpeopled geography deemed culturally marginal and largely assimilable to Maghrebi post-colonial nation-states. Actors and Strategies,” Journal of North African Studies, forthcoming. The Western Sahara conflict is bathed in misinformation and propaganda for one sole reason, because all sides involved are fighting an impossible war. The contrast between the anxious exhilaration with which my Sahrawi friends and contacts (most of whom are refugees, as opposed to residents of occupied Western Sahara) celebrated, publicized and took stock of their nation’s return to war and the hesitance of outside observers to name the war, could not have felt starker. Morocco and the Western Saharan Polisario Front exchanged fire after the Moroccan army entered Guerguerat, a ‘buffer zone’ just south of the Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara, to divert Saharawi peaceful protesters blocking Morocco’s “plunder corridor” to Mauritania. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. [10] Mark Drury, “Sahrawi Self- Determination, Trump’s Tweet and the Politics of Recognition in Western Sahara,” Middle East Report Online, December 22, 2020. Boukas used the “N24” web channel to report the recruitment of 600 agents in charge of conducting … On 13 November 2020, war returned to Western Sahara after a 29 year ceasefire. These clashes represent the most serious violence between the two sides since the 1991 truce took effect. The Western Sahara War was an armed struggle between Western Saharaball with it's Sahrawi indigenous Polisario Front and Moroccoball between 1975 and 1991,being the most significant phase of The Western Sahara Conflict. The Western Sahara conflict is bathed in misinformation and propaganda for one sole reason, because all sides involved are fighting an impossible war. Furthermore, Western Sahara is divided from north to south by a great wall of 2,720 kilometers. About 600,000 people live in Western Sahara, a desert about the size of the United Kingdom. Responding to Shaykh Ma’lainin’s 1905 fatwa against French and Spanish colonial intrusions, Sahrawi warriors staged attacks on a border that was blocking their access to pastures and trans-Saharan trade networks. Rabat, 4 January 2021 (SPS) - Researcher, journalist and former agent of the Moroccan intelligence services https://www.healthandlifestyle.fr/y4wt5mfy/julia-louis-dreyfus-inheritance 2/4 30/05/2021 war in western sahara Farid Boukas spoke on his Facebook page of a lack of confidence and serenity within the command of the Moroccan army after the outbreak of the 2nd war in Western Sahara. [1] More than a century later, on November 13, 2020, Morocco’s army forcefully removed the Sahrawi protesters blocking the road. Morocco controls about 80% of the … FacebookTwitter Rabat – Is there a war going on in Western Sahara? The Spanish occupied Western Sahara from the mid-1880s until 1975. They either willfully ignored the human rights violations that they seemingly condemn or even actively helped Morocco by backing the Moroccan military. There is a new U.S. war in Western Sahara, being waged by Morocco with the support of the U.S. military. [11] In much the same way, the Polisario Front’s 2020 decision to resume its armed struggle communicates a Sahrawi refusal to continue complying with the terms of a peace process that long ago revealed itself as serving pacification rather than peace. The territory remained disputed between Morocco and local forces well into the … Executive Summary. The story of Western Sahara is one of resistance, one of plunder, and one of colonialism. Western Sahara War Archive The Western Sahara War Archive (WSWA) aims to inform and to organize data about the latest stage of the last colonial war in Africa, which started on 13th November 2020 in Western Sahara. It is never over until it is over. The territory remained disputed between Morocco and local forces well into the 21st century. At the same time, patriotic images of mothers waving goodbye to their sons dressed in military fatigues as they jump onto the back of trucks heading for the battlefront in Western Sahara, rumors of injured and deceased soldiers, footage of decimated camel herds and reports of rampant policing of Sahrawi activists who live under Moroccan occupation have began circulating through Sahrawi social media pages in abundance. Approximately half of the Sahrawi population resides in the SADR, which is the result of a social revolution by Saharan nomadic pastoralists to make their longstanding notions of the political commensurate with the form of the nation-state. Although far from being homogenous or devoid of internal tensions, the Polisario Front’s movement remains united around the consensus that the Sahrawi people have a right to choose their own form of government. Why Does Morocco Hide The Ongoing War In Western Sahara? "Given that war has flared up again in Western Sahara, as a direct consequence of Morocco's plunder of the territory, we call on Russia to suspend this new agreement, and refrain from engaging in any activity in Western Sahara until the conflict has been settled in line with international law", Eyckmans told. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 5/December/2020 (All photos by Limam Bachir.) Home Op-ed “War and Peace” in Western Sahara: ... “Western Sahara: UN Security Council Renews MINURSO Mandate for 1 Year,” Morocco World News, October 31, 2020. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. This failure has been mainly due to Morocco’s obstruction of repeated efforts to organize the referendum, culminating in the May 2019 resignation of the UN Secretary General’s personal envoy to Western Sahara, Horst Köhler. And as the European nation abandoned its occupation, it handed control of the territory over to a joint administration run by Morocco and a French-backed Mauritania. When outside observers declare their concern for these “escalating tensions,” “latest skirmishes” and a “re-ignited conflict,” few choose to utter the far more sobering label that Sahrawis themselves are using to describe the latest expression of their political resistance: war. Is this a meaningful task in a society overloaded with … Polisario engaged in a 16-year war with the kingdom that ended with a ceasefire and plan for a referendum on independence. Ten years after Gdeim Izik, the latest expression of Sahrawi political resistance is again rendered invisible. It is one of the most s… The current war in the area known as the Western Sahara began in 1975, when the area then known as the Spanish Sahara was evacuated by its Spanish rulers. WAR was declared on Morocco on Friday by Western Saharan independence group the Polisario Front after troops moved into the disputed territory ahead of plans to reopen a road into neighbouring Mauritania. [6], This profitable, tacit compliance with Morocco’s occupation has also included France’s dependable veto of annual UN resolutions that propose to augment MINURSO’s competencies by including monitoring of human rights abuses in its mandate. WAR IN WESTERN SAHARA Pressed to the wall in her military struggle against POLISARIO guerillas in Western Sahara, the conservative government of Morocco is peti tioning the Carter Administration to lift restric tions on military sales. When Spain left, neighboring Morocco and Mauritania sent in military forces, dividing the former Spanish colony between them. The long-dormant war in the Western Sahara, interrupted for the past 30 years by a truce, is erupting into renewed violence with military clashes between the Moroccan military and the Polisario Front. Polisario Flag. Known as the Wall of Shame, it is the longest in the world. To learn more, view our, Guerrilla Operations in Western Sahara: The Polisario versus Morocco and Mauritania, Terrorist organisation or liberation movement? We often forget that it takes two to tango, and the war that broke out recently between Morocco and Western Sahara could only continue because the international community stood idly by. ... “restore free circulation of civilian and commercial traffic” between Mauritania and the areas under its control in Western Sahara. Western aṣ-Ṣaḥrā' al-Gharbiyyah; Berber languages: Taneẓroft Tutrimt; Spanish: Sáhara اﻟﺻﺣراء اﻟﻐرﺑﯾﺔ :Sahara (Arabic Occidental) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. Tensions between the Moroccan government and Sahrawis flared up in November of last year, leading Reuters to title a report on the incident Fears grow of new Western Sahara war … The conflict erupted after the withdrawal of Spainball from the Spanish Saharaball in accordance with the Madrid Accords On 13 November 2020, war returned to Western Sahara after a 29 year ceasefire. As Wilson argued, the fact that Gdeim Izik took place in “make-shift camps in the desert” contributed to the neglect of this Sahrawi uprising within the overall narrative of the Arab Spring. The new war between Morocco and the Sahrawi People’s Liberation Army has started in western Sahara after a 30-year ceasefire in the region. The most notable and documented case was the bombing of civilian encampments of internally displaced Sahrawis during the early phases of the war in late 1975 and early 1976, a clear violation of Hague Article 23. The north African territory sits on the western edge of the Sahara desert, stretching along about 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) of Atlantic coastline. Western Sahara, territory https://www.healthandlifestyle.fr/y4wt5mfy/julia-louis-dreyfus-inheritance 3/4 30/05/2021 war in western sahara occupying an extensive desert Atlantic-coastal area of northwest Africa. Tellingly, between 1950 and 1983, over 90 percent of U.S. arms deliveries to Morocco occurred during the first 7 years of the Western Sahara war. HINT: Western Sahara is the disputed region on Africa’s Atlantic coast. Rabat, 4 January 2021 (SPS) - Researcher, journalist and former agent of the Moroccan intelligence services Farid Boukas spoke on his Facebook page of a lack of confidence and serenity within the command of the Moroccan army after the outbreak of the 2nd war in Western Sahara. The Western Sahara conflict is both one of the world’s oldest and one of its most neglected.

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