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Intercultural Relations Final VERANSTALTUNGSBEITRAG Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. AUSLANDSBÜRO JORDANIEN “Assessing Recent Developments in the Middle East 22 nd April 2014 - Shedding Light on Intercultural Relations –“ FELICITAS WEILEDER IMKE HAASE DR. OTMAR OEHRING Event: Workshop www.kas.de/amman th Date, Place: 30 March 2014; Le Meridien Hotel Amman, Jordan Organization : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Jordan Office (KAS), European Abrahamic Forum (EAF) Royal Institute for Interfaith Studies (RIFS) Program: Opening Remarks Session I: The Arab Uprisings and Interreligious Relations in Jordan Session II: Egypt: Christian-Muslim Relations after the “Second Revolu- tion” – from Coup D’Etat to the New Constitution Session III: Lebanon in the Shadow of the Syrian Civil War Session IV: Future Challenges and the Role of the West in Promoting Intercultural Dialogue List of Participants: H.E. Mr. Hasan Abu Nimah (on behalf of H.E. Michel Hamarneh) Senator Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies (RIIFS) Jordan Dr. Otmar Oehring Resident Representative Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Jordan Office Jordan Prof. Dr. Stefan Schreiner Senior-Professor of Comparative Study of Religious and Jewish Studies/University of Tübingen, Germany Member of the Board of the Foundation Zürcher Lehrhaus: Judentum, Christentum & Is- lam, Switzerland 2 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Coordinator of the European Abrahamic Forum (EAF) Mr. Marwan Al Husaini AUSLANDSBÜRO JORDANIEN Media, Social Media, Online Technology and Conferences Specialist Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies (RIIFS) 22 nd April 2014 Jordan Mr. Ali Aslan FELICITAS WEILEDER Host of the international talk show “Quadriga” on Deutsche Welle TV IMKE HAASE Co-funder of the “German Islam Conference” DR. OTMAR OEHRING Germany Father Rif’at Bader Priest of the Latin (Roman Catholic) Patriarchate www.kas.de/amman Founder and General Director of the Catholic Center for Studies and Media, Amman Jordan Dr. Asiem El Difraoui Senior Fellow at the Institute for Media and Communication Policy Germany Prof. Dr. Wajih Kanso Lecturer for the master’s program on Christian-Islamic Relations at the Saint Joseph Uni- versity, Beirut Lebanon Dr. Naseef Naeem Consultant to the German Association for International Cooperation (GIZ) Germany Mrs. Djénane Kareh Tager Franco-Lebanese journalist and writer France Prof. Dr. Muhammad A. Sharkawi Professor of Islamic, Philosophy and Comparative Religion Cairo University Egypt 3 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Introduction of the region, its populations and its relation AUSLANDSBÜRO JORDANIEN The political and socio-economic situation in to Europe is necessary to promote intercul- the Middle East are currently facing new tural dialogue which is a premise for peace nd 22 April 2014 challenges: the war in Syria is increasing in the region but also between Europe and interreligious tensions in Lebanon; refugees the Arab World. FELICITAS WEILEDER fleeing from Syria are affecting the socio- IMKE HAASE economic situation in neighboring countries; DR. OTMAR OEHRING and the Coup D’Etat in Egypt against the On behalf of HE Michel Hamarneh, Director Muslim Brotherhood was further deepening of RIIFS and special advisor to HRH Prince tensions in the region. These factors have a Hasan Bin Talal H.E. Hasan Abu Nimah www.kas.de/amman significant impact on the situation of minori- welcomed and thanked all participants for ties and on intercultural relations in the their coming. He further thanked EAF and Arab World. In this context, Konrad- KAS. RIFS was established in 1994 to sup- Adenauer-Stiftung Jordan Office (KAS), the port interreligious and intercultural dialogue European Abrahamic Forum (EAF) and the through worldwide conferences, meetings Royal Institute for Interfaith Studies (RIIFS) and an exchange of ideas, expertise and organized a workshop on 30 th of March 2014 knowledge. In this framework HE Abu Ni- in Amman, Jordan on the current intercul- mah stressed the importance of this work- tural and interreligious relations in the re- shop and wished all participants a fruitful gion. Around fifteen participants from discussion. Europe and the Levant discussed the chang- ing relations in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Germany. Opening Remarks Dr. Otmar Oehring , Resident Representa- tive of KAS Jordan Office, welcomed all participants and thanked EAF and RIIFS for their efforts and commitment. He stressed that the Western world today tends to focus more on intercultural than on interreligious From left: Prof. Dr. Stefan Schreiner, Dr. Otmar Oehring, dialogue, as religion does not play such an HE Hasan Abu Nimah important role in the Western every day life anymore. In contrast, in the Middle East Session 1: The Arab Uprising and Inter- religion is still a significant factor in the religious Relations in Jordan political and social sphere which stresses the The Jordanian way of living together is often importance of the workshop. He emphasized referred to as the “model of Jordan” and a in this framework that the workshop should reason why Jordan is still described as a not discuss theological differences between “heaven” of stability. In this context, the the denominations, but the daily life which efforts of King Abullah II for furthering the is influenced by many misunderstandings dialogue were stressed which is one of the between different sects. reasons why the Arab Spring in Jordan led to a reform process, but not to a revolution. Prof. Dr. Schreiner , Coordinator of the EAF, welcomed all participants and thanked 4 percent of the Jordanian population is KAS Jordan Office and RIIFS for facilitating Christian, its community dates back to the the workshop. Prof. Schreiner emphasized Apostles and the first congregation and has, that the Middle East and especially Syria thus, always been a part of Jordan and the have not been the first priority in European region. The model for good relationship politics, even though proxy fights and the between Christians and Muslims goes back continuous influx of refugees not only in to the principle of good leadership which led countries neighboring Syria but also into to opportunities for Christians and promoted Europe. Therefore, a better understanding their presence in all fields, working together 4 Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. with the Muslims for the benefit of the coun- million refugees from Syria which have led AUSLANDSBÜRO JORDANIEN try. Despite these positive relations, Chris- to significant challenges for Jordan in par- tians in Jordan are facing also challenges. In ticular with regard to the humanitarian crisis nd 22 April 2014 order to address these challenges a new and the related socio-economic problems, as terminology should be defined as the terms well as the security crisis, in case of a spill- FELICITAS WEILEDER tolerance and coexistence have a negative over of extremists fighters from Syria to IMKE HAASE connotation in Arabic. Also, instead of using Jordan. The Arab Spring in Jordan has DR. OTMAR OEHRING the terms ‘majority’ and ‘minority’ groups therefore rather been based on reforms should be addressed as ‘communities’. instead of an open uprising as in other Moreover, religious freedom needs to be countries of the region. www.kas.de/amman mentioned explicitly in the constitutions, as It was further emphasized that many gov- all Arab constitutions include freedom of ernments, including the Jordanian, spread worship, but not freedom of religion. An- the propaganda that a country can either other challenge for Christians in Jordan is have reforms or stability but not both, which the lack of teaching on the Christian-Arabic led many people choose stability over de- heritage. Jordanian public school curricula, mocracy. Nevertheless, if the establishment for instance, do not mention the church, of a civil society would be supported and Christian Arabs or even a second religion strengthened the sensed imbalance between next to Islam. Just private schools include change and stability by people would de- these topics in their curricula which deepen crease. the gap between private and public schools. Therefore, the public curricula need to be amended to better teach young people Session 2: Egypt: Christian-Muslim Re- about respect for diversity. Participants lations after the “Second Revolution” – further referred to the Amman Messages, from Coup D’Etat to the New Constitu- issued in 2004, as a positive example for tion cooperation: the first Message was Chris- tian, stating that terrorism should not be At the beginning of the session it was high- connected to the Arab World, the second lighted that the revolution in Egypt started Message from 2005 was Muslim. The third with the hope to achieve democracy, en- Message thus, should be released as a compassing civil rights and citizenship. Christian-Muslim message condemning While the egyptian military was not able to violence, call for the release of the Christian fulfill these hopes it was stated that also the cleric hostages in Syria, and demand reli- government of Mohammad Mursi went along gious freedom. Finally, three priorities for a with some political mistakes. The Coup peaceful living together were pointed out: D’Etat against the Mursi Administration do not live along each other but together as however, worsened the situation and led to a community; create a result oriented inter- an elimination of the opposition, to torture religious dialogue; remind everyone that and killing members of the opposition and to religion and violence contradict each other. an exclusion of young people from political decisions. The recent death sentences against more than 500 members of the It was further stressed in this session that Muslim Brotherhood demonstrated the in- despite the hope of many Jordanians the justice of the judicial system. In this con- beginning of the Arab Spring, the uprisings text, it was pointed out that Egyptian Chris- also brought setbacks. The Jordan opposi- tians are not united in their standing to- tion, which is neither strong nor united, is wards the second revolution. Nevertheless, coinciding on two things: it does not call for while Christians played a very important a regime change and wants to maintain the role in the first revolution many promises security as well as stability of Jordan.
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