sign in sign up
<<
Home , Atlas (anatomy), Axis (anatomy), Bone, Cervical vertebrae, Coccyx, Foramen

 Cervical (C):  Thoracic (T): ()  (L): Lordosis  Sacral (S) (pelvic )  (Cx) Intervertebral

Posterior view

Vertebrae- 1 (Spine)  Vertebral Body; Vertebral (canal)  Vertebral Arch: Pedicle, Lamina,  Vertebral notch: superior, inferior ()

Posterior

Vertebral foramen (canal)

Upper view

Anterior Vertebrae- 2 Vertebra (Spine)  Vertebral Body; (canal)  Vertebral Arch: Pedicle, Lamina, Process  Vertebral notch: superior, inferior (intervertebral foramen) Posterior

Upper view

Anterior Vertebrae- 3 Vertebral foramen (canal) and

Anterior

Vertebrae- 4 Intervertebral foramen and spinal

Anterior

Vertebrae- 5 Anterior

Vertebrae- 6

Anterior

Vertebrae- 7 Vertebral foramen (canal) Anterior

Vertebrae- 8 Anterior

Intervertebral foramen

Vertebrae- 9 Vertebral process  Spinous process, Transverse process  Articular process (facet): superior, inferior

Vertebrae- 10 Intervertebral joints  Hyaline : Annulus fibrosus + Nucleus pulposus

Vertebrae- 11

 Typical vertebrae (C3-C6)  C1: , C2: Vertebrae- 12 Cervical vertebrae: Typical (C3-C6)

Anterior  small body; large, triangular canal; arch  Transverse process: end as post. & ant. ; foramen transversarium  Articular process: sup. & inf.; sup. facet  Short, bifid spinous process; attachment of ligamentum nuchae

Vertebrae- 13 Ligamentum nuchae

Vertebrae- 14 Vertebral in transverse

 Through transverse foramens of C1-6; but no C7 (only for accessory vertebral v.)  Vascular insufficiency during forceful rotation of vertebral column

Vertebrae- 15 Variations: transverse foramen and  mainly through C1-6; some through C7

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2015; 6: 30–35 Vertebrae- 16 C1: atlas  Sup. articular facet; with occipital  No body; No spinous proc.; Lateral mass: ant., & post. arch  Long transverse proc.

Vertebrae- 17 C2: axis  Dens (odontoid proc)  Sup. articular facet; Inf. articular facet  Body, pedicle; Spinous proc.; Transverse proc.

Anterior

Body

Lamina

Vertebrae- 18 Assembling of C1 and C2

Anterior

Lateral mass

Vertebrae- 19 C7 vertebra  Large, long spinous process  Caudal end of lig. nuchae as a landmark  No vertebral a. through transverse foramen

Anterior Anterior

Vertebrae- 20 : “typical” [T2~T10(9-11)] 1/2

 Body: larger than C- vertebrae; round canal  Upper and lower surfaces: parallel to each other  Spinous proc.: directly posteriorly  Vertical articular facets: sup. facet posteriorly

Vertebrae- 21 Thoracic vertebrae: “typical” [T2~T10(9-11)] 2/2

Articular facets for With rib : sup. & inf. costal demifacet at upper & lower border of body With tubercle of rib: on trans. proc.

Vertebrae- 22 Vertebra and rib

Anterior Vertebrae- 23 Vertebra T1

 Upper surface of body: saddle-shaped  Intermediate between C and T  Triangular canal  Rib1 contact T1 body only

Vertebrae- 24 Vertebra T11-T12

 Single rib articular facet; no rib articular facet on trans. proc.  T12: intermediate between T and L  Sup. articular facet: resembles T-vertebrae  Inf. articular facet: resembles L-vertebre

Vertebrae- 25 Lumbar vertebre: typical L1-L4  Massive body; Small, triangular canal  Short, square spinous proc.; sup. facet: faces medially Anterior

Vertebrae- 26 Lumbar vertebra: L5  body: deeper anteriorly than posteriorly; lordosis  Short massive transverse proc.; attached by ilio-lumbar lig

Vertebrae- 27 and Coccyx: Sacrum  Sacrum (5)  Transfer body weight from vertebrae to

Vertebrae- 28 Sacrum: ant. surface

 Ala of sacrum  Promontory  Sacro-iliac : articular surface  4 ant. sacral foramina: S1-4 ant. primary rami

Vertebrae- 29 Sacrum: post. surface

 Sacral hiatus  Median sacral crest  Intermediate sacral crest  Lateral sacral crest  Post. sacral foramina

Vertebrae- 30 Coccyx

 Formed by 3-5 fused vertebrae

Vertebrae- 31 Comparison of vertebrae

Vertebrae- 32 Joints between adjacent vertebrae  Intervertebral disc: body  Zygapophyseal joint: facet

Vertebrae- 33 Intervertebral disc  between bodies, Annulus fibrous () + nucleus pulposus

Vertebrae- 34 Herniation of intervertebral disc (HIVD)

Vertebrae- 35 Lig. between adjacent vertebrae  body Ant. Longitudinal lig. Post. Longitudinal lig.  lamina Ligmentum flavum  Spinous proc Interspinous lig. Supraspinous lig.: ligamentum nuchae of cervical region

Vertebrae- 36 Ligmentum flavum  Between laminae, elastic fibers  posterior wall of vertebral canal; vs. post. long. lig.

Vertebrae- 37 Interspinous lig.  Between adjacent spinous processes; membranous

Vertebrae- 38 Supraspinous lig.  cord-like; C7-S  nuchal

Vertebrae- 39 Ligamentum nuchae:

Vertebrae- 40

Vertebrae- 41 Joints and : right lateral view

Vertebrae- 42 Joints between Axis, Atlas, and  No intervertebral disc; wider range of movements than other vertebrae; dens as the center of rotation (“axis”)  Large anteriorly: to bear weight

Vertebrae- 43 Atlanto-occipital joints  Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane ~ ant. long. lig.  Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane ~ lig. flavum

Vertebrae- 44 Functions of craniovertebral joints Nodding: atlanto-occipital joint Shaking head: atlanto-axial joint

Vertebrae- 45 Ant. atlanto-occipital lig.  continuation of ant. longitudinal lig.

Vertebrae- 46 Post. atlanto-occipital lig.: ligmentum flavum

Vertebrae- 47 Atlantoaxial joints: cruciate (cruciform) ligaments  = transverse lig. + sup. & inf. fibers to connect dens to

Vertebrae- 48 Tectorial membrane (ligament): posterior view  extension of post. longitudinal lig.

Vertebrae- 49 Tectorial membrane (ligament): sagittal view

Vertebrae- 50 Review on Vertebrae

 Common features of vertebrae Characters of C, T, L, S vertebrae Typical vs. Atypical vertebrae for different levels  Joints Body, Lamina, Spinous proc. Equivalent structures: between vertebrae, vertebrocranial junctions

Vertebrae- 51

Vertebrae- 52